﻿FN Clarivate Analytics Web of Science
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Zhu, J
   Ding, J
   Liang, JT
AF Zhu Jing
   Ding Jun
   Liang Jingtao
TI Influences of the Wenchuan Earthquake on sediment supply of debris flows
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flow; Rainstorm; Remote sensing imagery
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES; IMPACTS
AB The 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake and the subsequent rainstorms induced a large number of landslides, which later were transformed into debris flows. To evaluate the effect of the earthquake on the sediment supply of debris flows, eight debris flow basins near Beichuan City, Sichuan Province, China were chosen as the study area. The area variations of the debris flow source after the Wenchuan Earthquake and the subsequent rainstorm are analyzed and discussed in this paper. Interpretations of aerial photographs (after the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake) and SPOT5 images (after the rainstorm event of September 24, 2008) as well as field investigations were compared to identify the transformation of landslide surface in the study area, indicating that the landslide area in the eight debris flow basins significantly increased. The loose sediment area on the channel bed increased after the rainstorm event. In order to estimate the relationship of the landslide area with the rainfall intensity in different return periods, a model proposed by Uchihugi was adopted. Results show that new landslide area induced by heavy rainfall with 50-year and 100-year return period will be 0.87 km(2) and 1.67 km(2), respectively. The study results show the Wenchuan earthquake had particular influences on subsequent rainfall-induced debris flow occurrence.
C1 [Zhu Jing; Ding Jun; Liang Jingtao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Zhu, J (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM zhujing@cdut.edu.cn
TC 25
Z9 29
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 2
BP 270
EP 277
DI 10.1007/s11629-011-2114-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000289004600019
ER

PT J
AU Tian, SJ
   Kong, JM
   Li, XZ
AF Tian Shujun
   Kong Jiming
   Li Xiuzhen
TI Forecast method of multimode system for debris flow risk assessment in
   Qingping Town, Sichuan Province, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Multimode System; Risk assessment; Debris flow; Landslide; Wenchuan
   Earthquake; Qingping Town
ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SLOPE STABILITY; HAZARD;
   MODEL; AREA; GIS
AB The Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12, 2008 triggered large numbers of geo-hazards. The heavy rain on 13 August 2010 triggered debris flows with total volume of more than 6 million cubic meters and the debris flows destroyed 500 houses and infrastructure built after the Wenchuan Earthquake. The study area Qingping Town was located in the northwestern part of the Sichuan Basin of China, which needs the second reconstructions and the critical evaluation of debris flow. This study takes basin as the study unit and defines collapse, landslide and debris flow hazard as a geo-hazard system. A multimode system composed of principal series system and secondary parallel system were established to evaluate the hazard grade of debris flow in 138 drainage basins of Qingping Town. The evaluation result shows that 30.43% of study basins (42 basins) and 24.58% of study area, are in extremely high or high hazard grades, and both percentage of basin quantity and percentage of area in different hazard grades decrease with the increase of hazard grade. According to the geo-hazard data from the interpretation of unmanned plane image with a 0.5-m resolution and field investigation after the Wenchuan Earthquake and 8.13 Big Debris Flow, the ratio of landslides and collapses increased after the Wenchuan Earthquake and the ratios of extremely high or high hazard grades were more than moderate or low hazard grades obviously. 23 geo-hazards after 8.13 Big Debris Flow in Qingping town region all occurred in basins with extremely high or high hazard grades, and 9 debris flows were in basins with extremely high hazard grade. The model of multimode system for critical evaluation could forecast not only the collapse and landslide but also the debris flow precisely when the basin was taken as the study unit.
C1 [Tian Shujun; Kong Jiming; Li Xiuzhen] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Tian Shujun] SW Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
   [Kong Jiming; Li Xiuzhen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Southwest University of Science &
   Technology - China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Kong, JM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM jimingk@imde.ac.cn
TC 6
Z9 8
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 4
BP 592
EP 602
DI 10.1007/s11629-011-2130-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000293027700011
ER

PT J
AU Chen, HY
   Xiong, J
   Zhao, WY
   Chen, JG
   Zhang, XZ
   Ruan, HC
   Fang, CX
   Gong, LF
AF Chen, Huayong
   Xiong, Jiang
   Zhao, Wanyu
   Chen, Jiangang
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Ruan, Hechun
   Fang, Congxi
   Gong, Lingfeng
TI Catastrophic debris flow triggered by a June 26, 2023 rainstorm suggests
   the debris flow is still active 15 years after the Wenchuan seismic
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Banzi gully; Landslide; GIS; Wenchuan earthquake
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; AREA; SEDIMENT; DELIVERY; EVENT; RIVER
AB The Wenchuan earthquake strongly disturbed the earth surface and induced sufficient loose debris in the mountain basin, which supplies sufficient solid materials for debris flow initiation. Recently, a catastrophic debris flow was induced by strong rainfall on June 26, 2023 in the Banzi basin. Inconsistent with the first few years of the Wenchuan earthquake, the hillslope landslide sediment supply for debris flow occurrence is limited after 15 years of the Wenchuan earthquake, and the materials supplied for debris flow in the later period are mainly obtained from alluvium deposited along the channel. Simultaneously, this debris flow was triggered by flash flood through strongly erosion channel materials. However, although 15 years have passed since the Wenchuan earthquake, the triggering rainfall conditions have still not returned to pre-earthquake level. This debris flow first initiated in the upper branches of the basin and then gradually transported downstream at an average discharge of 806.99 m3/s, and approximately 82.80 x 104 m3 solid materials were transported out the Banzi basin to form a debris flow fan with length of 120 m and width of 260 m in the Minjiang River, which poses a serious threat to the resettled population and destroy the reconstruction infrastructures. Importantly, there are still sufficient solid materials deposited in the basin, this could result in debris flow activity continuing for an unpredictable time. Therefore, implementation early warning, prevention, and mitigation measures in this basin are still important for debris flow disaster management in the later period of Wenchuan earthquake.
C1 [Chen, Huayong; Xiong, Jiang; Zhao, Wanyu; Chen, Jiangang; Ruan, Hechun; Fang, Congxi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Xianzheng; Gong, Lingfeng] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Geol Survey Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; China Geological Survey
RP Xiong, J (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
EM xiongjiang@imde.ac.cn
TC 11
Z9 12
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD AUG
PY 2024
VL 21
IS 8
BP 1883
EP 1897
DI 10.1007/s10346-024-02279-9
EA JUN 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001242324200001
ER

PT J
AU Chang, M
   Tang, C
   Ni, HY
   Qu, YP
AF Chang, Ming
   Tang, Chuan
   Ni, Huayong
   Qu, Yongping
TI Evolution process of sediment supply for debris flow occurrence in the
   Longchi area of Dujiangyan City after the Wenchuan earthquake
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flow; Landslides; Dynamic evolution; Remote
   sensing
ID LANDSLIDES; CHINA
AB In order to analyze the changes in the sediment budget after the Wenchuan earthquake and after the heavy rain events in the following years, 12 debris flow gullies in the Longchi Dujiangyan County were selected. A comparison of the TM images taken on 18 September 2007 (before the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake) with the SPOT5 images taken on 10 February 2009 (after the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake) indicates that the landslide area in the 12 debris flow watersheds increased from 83.1 x 10(3) m(2) to 3126.5 x 10(3) m(2). Also, the gully length increased by 60.55 %, and the area with deposits in the channel bed increased by 134.80 %. A comparison of the SPOT5 images taken on 10 February 2009 (after the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake) with the WorldView-2 images taken on 26 April 2011 (after the large rainstorm event in August 2011) showed that the landslide area increased by 24.8 % from 3126.5 x 10(3) m(2) to 3902.8 x 10(3) m(2) while the gully length increased by 26 % and the channel deposits by 12 %. A comparison of the WorldView-2 images taken on 26 April 2011 with the WorldView-2 images taken on 14 July 2011 indicated that the landslide area increased in this relatively dry period by only 2.3 %.
C1 [Chang, Ming; Tang, Chuan; Ni, Huayong; Qu, Yongping] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Ni, Huayong] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Inst Geol & Mineral Resources, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological Survey
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM changmxq@126.com; 2401634274@qq.com
TC 25
Z9 26
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 3
BP 611
EP 623
DI 10.1007/s10346-015-0571-8
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000355341400015
ER

PT J
AU Hu, XD
   Wang, J
   Hu, JL
   Hu, KH
   Zhou, LQ
   Liu, WM
AF Hu, Xudong
   Wang, Jing
   Hu, Jilei
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Zhou, Liqin
   Liu, Weiming
TI Probabilistic identification of debris flow source areas in the Wenchuan
   earthquake-affected region of China based on Bayesian geomorphology
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Bayesian geomorphology; Susceptibility mapping; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID PRONE AREAS; IMPACT; LANDSLIDES; MODELS
AB After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (MS 8.0), a large number of debris flow source areas formed and further affected the occurrence of debris flows. Identifying the source area that may participate in debris flow activities requires understanding its dynamically changing conditions of location and probability. Based on this, the Bayesian geomorphology method was used to analyze the variation probability in the sediment supply from coseismic landslide deposits to subsequent debris flows and to undertake a quantitative assessment as well. The segment of the Min River, stretching from the urban area of the Wenchuan County to the Yingxiu town, China, was selected as the study area. Geomorphologic characteristics, including elevation, distance to faults, seismic intensity, land cover, gradient, monthly precipitation, and lithostratigraphy, were determined as assessment factors. The method was applied and verified in three clusters of debris flow events from 2010 to 2019 in 37 debris flow catchments. The results indicate that the method is applicable for identifying the dynamic debris flow source areas in earthquake-affected regions with a high accuracy of over 87% and a refined resolution of 30 m. This study finds that the sediment supply types have changed since 2019, that is, the sediment supply from Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide deposit zones occupied by the debris flow-prone area has dropped from an average of 95.9% in 2013 to approximately 44.7% in 2019. Still, a large number of coseismic landslide deposits exist in the debris flow basins; the probability of debris flow source areas could thus be used as an important criterion for evaluating the long-term evolution of landslides and subsequent debris flow activities in earthquake-affected regions.
C1 [Hu, Xudong; Hu, Jilei] China Three Gorges Univ, Hubei Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Mitigat, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xudong; Wang, Jing; Hu, Jilei] China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Kaiheng; Zhou, Liqin; Liu, Weiming] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Kaiheng; Zhou, Liqin; Liu, Weiming] Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Liqin] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 China Three Gorges University; China Three Gorges University; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Hu, JL (corresponding author), China Three Gorges Univ, Hubei Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Mitigat, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.; Hu, JL (corresponding author), China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
EM hujl@ctgu.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD SEP
PY 2024
VL 83
IS 18
AR 528
DI 10.1007/s12665-024-11833-6
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:001303272900006
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, J
   Chen, HY
   Tang, C
   Zhao, WY
   Chen, M
   Yang, T
   Gong, LF
   Zhang, XZ
   Shi, QY
   Li, N
   Chen, JG
AF Xiong, Jiang
   Chen, Huayong
   Tang, Chuan
   Zhao, Wanyu
   Chen, Ming
   Yang, Tao
   Gong, Lingfeng
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Shi, Qingyun
   Li, Ning
   Chen, Jiangang
TI Risk prediction of catastrophic debris flows against the background of
   material changes and human engineering activity in the Wenchuan
   earthquake disturbance area
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Risk assessment; Human engineering; Landslide material;
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SEDIMENT TRANSFER; SHEAR-STRENGTH; VEGETATION;
   IMPACT; HAZARD; PROVINCE; CYCLES; REGION; CHINA
AB The changes in landslide material and human engineering activities have often posed important impacts on debris flow risk. In this study, multi-period remote sensing images and unmanned aerial vehicle aerial images are used to monitor the prolonged variation in landslide materials transfer for debris flow initiation. Simultaneously the FLO- 2D model and vulnerable curve were used to detect the risk of debris flow in the later period (after 2023). After 15 years of the Wenchuan earthquake, the hillslope landslide materials delivery for debris flow initiation is limited. Impacted by the changes in solid materials, topography and human engineering activities, the risk of debris flow with a recurrence period of 10, and 20 years has been effectively reduced, but for the 50 and 100 years of recurrence period situation, the impact of human engineering activities and channel topography on debris flow risk is limited. For the 10, 20, 50 and 100 years of recurrence period situation, the buildings are at"extreme"and"high"risk was 0, 21, 38, and 115, respectively. Therefore, the monitoring and early warning is still an important measure to reduce economic losses and casualties in the later period.
C1 [Xiong, Jiang; Chen, Huayong; Zhao, Wanyu; Yang, Tao; Chen, Jiangang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Lingfeng; Zhang, Xianzheng] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Geol Survey Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Qingyun] Chengdu Univ Informat Technol, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Management, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological
   Survey; Chengdu University of Information Technology; Xihua University
RP Chen, HY (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
EM hychen@imde.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD MAY
PY 2025
VL 84
IS 5
AR 228
DI 10.1007/s10064-025-04243-w
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001466010700002
ER

PT J
AU Li, TT
   Huang, RQ
   Pei, XJ
AF Li, Tian-Tao
   Huang, Run-Qiu
   Pei, Xiang-Jun
TI Variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow after Wenchuan
   earthquake in Gaochuan River watershed, Southwest China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Wenchuan earthquake; Rainfall threshold; Loose deposit;
   Landslide
ID INDUCED LANDSLIDES; IMPACT; AREA
AB Wenchuan earthquake occurred 7 years ago, and more than 100 landslides and rock avalanches were triggered by the earthquake in Gaochuan river watershed, in Southwest China, including the Daguangbao landslide, which is the largest one triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, having a volume around 1.15 billion m(3). The massive landslide deposits provided uncountable material source for debris flow in the study area, resulting in 25 debris flow events occurred in the past 6 years (2009-2014). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the variability in the rainfall threshold for debris flow after the earthquake in the study area. Results suggest that the critical rainfall threshold is closely related to the rainfall intensity (I) and the antecedent accumulated precipitation (P). There was a sudden drop of the rainfall threshold when the earthquake happened. During the 6 years, the rainfall threshold value kept increasing gradually in a linear trend. However, it is now still much lower than the original rainfall threshold prior to the earthquake. The threshold is expected to reach the original level around 2022 based on the analysis of existing data. Our study indicates that the increase of rainfall threshold is related to the decrease of sediments. And there are still lots of loose deposits in the gullies. Thus, the debris flow can still happen in a high possibility in the next few years.
C1 [Li, Tian-Tao; Huang, Run-Qiu; Pei, Xiang-Jun] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Li, TT (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM tiantao.lee@gmail.com
TC 16
Z9 21
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JUL
PY 2016
VL 82
IS 3
BP 1967
EP 1980
DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2280-6
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000377792100026
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, J
   Tang, C
   Tang, H
   Chen, M
   Zhang, XZ
   Shi, QY
   Chang, M
   Gong, LF
   Li, N
   Li, MW
AF Xiong, Jiang
   Tang, Chuan
   Tang, Hai
   Chen, Ming
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Shi, Qinyun
   Chang, Ming
   Gong, Lingfeng
   Li, Ning
   Li, Mingwei
TI Long-term hillslope erosion and landslide-channel coupling in the area
   of the catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide activity; Debris flow activity;
   Landslide-channel coupling; Long-term erosion
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 13 AUGUST 2010;
   SEDIMENT CONNECTIVITY; DEBRIS FLOWS; SOIL-EROSION; CURRENT ISSUES;
   SLOPE; CATCHMENT; RIVER
AB Approximately 200,000 landslides were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and subsequent strong rainfall events, and the amount of landslide sediment delivered to the channels within catchments depended on the amount of landslide debris generated by the earthquake and the amount of post-earthquake rainfall. To better understand long-term hillslope erosion and the long-term changes in landslide-channel coupling, this study quantifies the coupling degree of landslide-channel by defining a landslide-channel coupling index (LCCI) and estimates the long-term hillslope erosion driven by landslides within 12 debris flow basins. We track landslide activity using multiyear imagery from 2008 to 2019, and the landslide ratio, landslide new regeneration ratio, and landslide reactivated ratio indicate that the overall landslide activity decayed following the Wenchuan earthquake. The calculation results of the coupling index illustrate that the coupling degree of landslide-channel in the study area follows a power law trend of decay over time. However, due to the influence of landslide activity, the coupling index decreased significantly in the first 5 years after the Wenchuan earthquake and then decreased slowly. The hillslope erosion driven by landslides is estimated using a conservative statistical model. The result shows that the landslide-driven hillslope erosion has decayed following a power law, and elevated levels of erosion may last for an unexpectedly long period. In addition, the landslide-channel coupling degree affects the movement of landslide sediment to channels. While the coupling degree of landslide-channel and the amount of landslide sediment supplied to the channels have decreased significantly in recent years, abundant landslide sediment could still be delivered to the channels when strong rainfall occurs in this region. Furthermore, a considerable amount of sediment appears to remain within the tributary channels and trunk channels, which means the activity of debris flow may last longer period than hillslope erosion.
C1 [Xiong, Jiang; Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming; Zhang, Xianzheng; Shi, Qinyun; Chang, Ming; Li, Mingwei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Hai] 11th Geol Brigade Zhejiang Prov, Wenzhou 325006, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Lingfeng] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Geol Survey Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Sci, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological Survey; Xihua
   University
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China.
EM tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 29
Z9 31
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG
PY 2022
VL 305
AR 106727
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106727
EA MAY 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000855258800002
ER

PT J
AU Tang, C
   Zhu, J
   Chang, M
   Ding, J
   Qi, X
AF Tang, Chuan
   Zhu, Jing
   Chang, Ming
   Ding, Jun
   Qi, Xin
TI An empirical-statistical model for predicting debris-flow runout zones
   in the Wenchuan earthquake area
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
DT Article
ID DEPOSITION; PATTERNS; VOLUMES; RIVER
AB Rainstorm-induced debris flows were remobilized from landslide debris triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The resulting debris flows had very high energy and transported large amounts of loose material. Their peak discharge reached levels several times normal, notably during the rainstorm-induced debris flows of September 24, 2008 in Beichuan County, in the Wenchuan earthquake area. This phenomenon was due to the presence of large amounts of loose material deposited by the earthquake-induced landslides in the debris-flow catchments. Therefore, errors will occur if existing debris-flow runout models are employed to assess the hazardous zones connected with debris flows in earthquake-affected areas. For this reason, it is necessary to establish an appropriate model to predict the possible debris-flow runout zones on the alluvial fans after the Wenchuan earthquake. Debris flows triggered by the September 24 rainstorm were selected and investigated using high-resolution aerial photography and SPOTS imagery to extract a set of landslide deposit volumes in the debris-flow catchment areas and also the dimensions of the deposition fans. Applying multivariate regression analysis, a mathematical model was established to estimate the maximum runout distance and the width of the debris flows. The validation showed that the established model was suitable for the prediction of the debris-flow runout zones in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The results of the study will help authorities select safe sites for rehabilitation and relocation in the future and can also be used as an important basis for debris-flow risk management. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tang, Chuan; Zhu, Jing; Chang, Ming; Ding, Jun; Qi, Xin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, 1 Erxianqiao E Rd, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 97
Z9 117
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
EI 1873-4553
PD FEB 10
PY 2012
VL 250
BP 63
EP 73
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.11.020
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000300810800008
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, JW
   Cui, P
   Yang, XG
AF Zhou, Jia-wen
   Cui, Peng
   Yang, Xing-guo
TI Dynamic process analysis for the initiation and movement of the
   Donghekou landslide-debris flow triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide-debris flow; Initiation time; Mass
   movement; Numerical simulation; Dynamic process
ID ROCK; AVALANCHES; FAILURE; GRAVEL
AB The Donghekou landslide-debris flow was a remarkable geological disaster triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The dynamic process of a rapid landslide-debris flow is very complicated and can be divided into two aspects: the slope dynamic response of the earthquake and the mass movement and accumulation process. A numerical method combined with a finite difference method (FDM) and discrete element method (DEM) for simulation of landslide-debris flow under seismic loading is presented. The FDM and DEM are coupled through the critical sliding surface, initiation time and velocity. The dynamic response of the slope is simulated by the finite difference method, and critical sliding surface is determined using the earthquake response spectrum method. The landslide initiation time and the velocity are determined by time-history analysis. The mass movement and accumulation process is simulated using the discrete element method. Simulation results demonstrate that the maximum amplification coefficient of dynamic acceleration for the Donghekou slope is approximately 3.909, the initiation time of landslide is approximately 6.0 s, and the average initial velocity of the sliding mass is approximately 0.85 m/s. The failure of the slope is the result of elevation-orientated amplification effect and the sliding mass triggered with a small initial velocity. The numerical simulated result of the maximum sliding velocity is approximately 66.35 m/s, and the mass is disintegrated rapidly because of collision and free fall. The landslide velocity decreases when the flowing mass reaches a lower slope angle and gradually comes to a stop, and the total travel distance is approximately 2400 m. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhou, Jia-wen; Yang, Xing-guo] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Jia-wen] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences
RP Zhou, JW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM jwzhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 123
Z9 138
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1367-9120
EI 1878-5786
PD OCT 25
PY 2013
VL 76
SI SI
BP 70
EP 84
DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.08.007
SC Geology
UT WOS:000326255500007
ER

PT J
AU Chen, HX
   Zhang, LM
   Chang, DS
   Zhang, S
AF Chen, H. X.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Chang, D. S.
   Zhang, S.
TI Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris
   flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Landslide; Water-rock flow; Runout distance; Field
   investigation; Wenchuan earthquake
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED SLOPE FAILURE; SEGREGATION;
   INITIATION; HAZARDS; RANGE
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake induced a large number of landslides, and a vast amount of loose landslide materials deposited on steep hill slopes or in channels. Such loose materials can become sources of deadly debris flows once triggered by storms. On 13 August 2010, a storm swept Yingxiu and its vicinity, triggering a catastrophic debris flow with a volume of 1.17 million m(3) in Xiaojiagou Ravine. The debris flow buried 1,100 m of road, blocked a river and formed a debris flow barrier lake. A detailed field study was conducted to understand the initiation mechanisms and runout characteristics of this debris flow. Two types of debris flows are identified, namely hill-slope debris flow and channelized debris flow. The hill-slope debris flow was triggered in the forms of firehose effect, rilling and landsliding, whereas the channelized debris flow was triggered in the form of channel-bed failure. This debris flow was a water-rock flow since most particles were gravel, cobble or larger rocks and the fraction of silt and clay was less than 2%. Grain contact friction, pore-pressure effects and inertial grain collision were the three most important physical interactions within the debris flow. Such interactions yielded a smaller runout distance (593 m) compared with those of mud-rock flows of similar size.
C1 [Chen, H. X.; Zhang, L. M.; Chang, D. S.; Zhang, S.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM chenhx@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk; cechangd@ust.hk; zhangshuaiqj@ust.hk
TC 81
Z9 89
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JUL
PY 2012
VL 62
IS 3
BP 1037
EP 1057
DI 10.1007/s11069-012-0133-5
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000304626500018
ER

PT J
AU Yu, B
   Ma, Y
   Wu, YF
AF Yu, Bin
   Ma, Yu
   Wu, Yufu
TI Case study of a giant debris flow in the Wenjia Gully, Sichuan Province,
   China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Wenjia Gully; Co-seismic rockslide-debris
   avalanche; Rainfall triggered debris flows; Yield strength; Peak
   discharges; Meteorological threshold for debris flows
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; BEICHUAN AREA
AB The debris flow, which was triggered in the Wenjia Gully on August 13, 2010, is an extreme example of mass movement events, which occurred after the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. This Earthquake triggered in the Wenjia Gully the second largest co-seismic landslide, which can be classified as a rockslide-debris avalanche. A lot of loose sediments was deposited in the basin. In the main so called Deposition Area II of this landslide, with a volume of 30 x 10(6) m(3), flash floods can easily trigger debris flows because of the steep bottom slope and the relative small grain sizes of the sediments. The largest debris flow of August 13, 2010 destroyed the most downstream dam in the catchment during a heavy rain storm. The debris flow with a peak discharge of 1,530 m(3)/s and a total volume of 3.1 x 10(6) m(3) caused the death of 7 persons, 5 persons were missing, 39 persons were injured and 479 houses buried. After three rainy seasons, only 16 % of the landslide-debris deposition was taken away by 5 large-scale debris flow events. Since the threshold for rainfall triggered debris flows in the Wenjia Gully and other catchments drastically decreased after the Wenchuan Earthquake, new catastrophic events are expected in the future during the rainy season.
C1 [Yu, Bin; Wu, Yufu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Yu] Chengdu Univ Technol, Engn & Tech Coll, Leshan 614000, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Yu, B (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM drbinyu@yahoo.com
TC 75
Z9 83
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JAN
PY 2013
VL 65
IS 1
BP 835
EP 849
DI 10.1007/s11069-012-0395-y
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000312087100044
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, J
   Tang, C
   Gong, LF
   Chen, M
   Li, N
   Shi, QY
   Zhang, XZ
   Chang, M
   Li, MW
AF Xiong, Jiang
   Tang, Chuan
   Gong, Lingfeng
   Chen, Ming
   Li, Ning
   Shi, Qingyun
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Chang, Ming
   Li, Mingwei
TI How landslide sediments are transferred out of an alpine basin: Evidence
   from the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide sediment; Transfer process; Alpine basin
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; DEBRIS FLOW; MOUNTAIN BELT; BAVARIAN ALPS;
   RIVER; AREA; TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; VEGETATION; EVOLUTION
AB The Wenchuan earthquake and subsequent strong rainfall triggered extensive mass wasting, which caused sufficient landslide sediment to be continuously transferred out of the alpine basin. Effective sediment management in earthquake areas requires a full understanding of how landslide sediment is transferred out of alpine basins. In this study, field investigations and remote sensing interpretations indicated that the bedrock or hillslope surface materials were transferred downstream of the hillslope through falls, slides, fall slides, slide falls, and slide flows. Subsequently, field investigations and box model tests showed that the loose landslide sediment was transferred to the channel mainly through three typical processes (erosion driven by torrents or debris flow, saturation, and surface runoff), which occurred simultaneously in the first several years after the Wenchuan earthquake. However, surface runoff erosion was the main transfer process in the following period. Using the number and area of effective landslides, the length and area of landslide sediment in channels, and the effective basin as indicators, we present observational evidence of the landslide sediment transport process based on a remote sensing image time series from 2005 to 2018. The trends of the indicators suggested that the sediment transfer process in the alpine basin was intense during the first 5 years after the Wenchuan earthquake; then, it gradually weakened without the influence of extreme rainfall, but it may last 20 years or longer before returning to the pre-earthquake level.
C1 [Xiong, Jiang; Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming; Shi, Qingyun; Zhang, Xianzheng; Chang, Ming; Li, Mingwei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Lingfeng] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Geol Survey Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Sci, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological Survey; Xihua
   University
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China.
EM tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 25
Z9 28
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD JAN
PY 2022
VL 208
AR 105781
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105781
EA OCT 2021
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000708436100027
ER

PT J
AU Chen, M
   Tang, C
   Xiong, J
   Chang, M
   Li, N
AF Chen, Ming
   Tang, Chuan
   Xiong, Jiang
   Chang, Ming
   Li, Ning
TI Spatio-temporal mapping and long-term evolution of debris flow activity
   after a high magnitude earthquake
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Remote sensing; Debris flow activity;
   Spatio-temporal evolution; Driving factor
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 13 AUGUST 2010; LANDSLIDES; CHINA; AREA;
   RECOVERY; INSIGHTS; FAILURE; EROSION; IMPACT
AB A high-magnitude earthquake can trigger substantial amounts of co-seismic debris and unstable hillslopes in mountainous regions, which leads to a significant increase in the frequency and magnitude of post-earthquake debris flows. The long-term impacts of earthquakes on the debris flow activity have not been fully understood, primarily because of a lack of multi-temporal mapping inventories of debris flow activity. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of debris flow activities and their driving factors after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake for disaster risk management and mitigation from a dynamic perspective. We used the fusion of remote sensing data to develop the first systematic multi-temporal inventory of debris flow activity to quantify changes in spatial and temporal activity of post-earthquake debris flows from 2008 to 2021. Subsequently, we examined the control of material sources, topographic and hydrological factors on the evolution of post-earthquake debris flow activities. A close relationship between the decline in debris flow activity and the reduced active material sources was observed in both time and space, so the supply capacity of hillslope deposits after the earthquake was the first-order indicator controlling post-earthquake debris flow activity. With the progressive depletion and stabilization of co-seismic landslide materials over time, topographic and hydrological factors occupied a dominant role in the occurrence of debris flow. In general, an oscillatory decay pattern of debris flow activity over time was observed after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. We observed that the period of post-earthquake debris flow activity varied considerably in different regions attributed to the magnitude of the earthquake, and the geological and climatic environments. Based on the debris flow channel disturbances, the dynamic evolution of landslide materials and hydrodynamics, we divided the debris flow active period after the Wenchuan earthquake into three phases: high activity period (lasting 2 - 5 years), medium activity period (lasting 3 - 10 years), and low activity period (lasting 9 - 18 years). Following the above three activity periods, the debris flow activity will evolve into a steady period. We also proposed a quantitative model for debris flow activeness in the main Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, which predicts that the activeness of debris flows will tend to pre-earthquake levels in 46 years following the earthquake.
C1 [Chen, Ming; Tang, Chuan; Chang, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Xiong, Jiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Sci, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Xihua University
RP Chen, M (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM chenminggeo@163.com
TC 25
Z9 25
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD MAR 15
PY 2024
VL 236
AR 107716
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2023.107716
EA DEC 2023
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:001133892100001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YY
   Huang, C
   Huang, C
   Li, MY
AF Zhang, Youyi
   Huang, Chen
   Huang, Cheng
   Li, Mingyang
TI Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of typical debris flow sources
   after an earthquake
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Spatio-temporal evolution; ArcGIS; Remote sensing
   interpretation
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE; CHINA; AREA
AB In the 10 years since the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, debris flow disasters have occurred many times in the areas affected by the earthquake. These debris flows are widely distributed, have strong explosive force, and pose a significant hazard. In this work, high-resolution remote sensing image interpretation of 43 gullies along the Duwen Highway over six periods was combined with field investigation and ArcGIS analysis in order to discuss spatio-temporal evolution and distribution characteristics of the source area. The main results are (i) The number, area and volume of landslides decreased rapidly in 5 years after the earthquake, and gradually slowed down after 5 years due to soil consolidation; (ii) A landslide evolution model was proposed to predict that the source of the post-earthquake landslide will return to the pre-earthquake level around 2036; and (iii) The catchment area was positively correlated with source area and attenuation rate, but source area density was negatively correlated. (iv) After the earthquake, the centroid point of the landslide source decreased from year to year. The research results reveal the spatial-temporal evolution and distribution characteristics of landslide source after earthquake, providing reference for the staging and zoning prevention of debris flow landslide in earthquake-prone regions.
C1 [Zhang, Youyi; Huang, Chen; Huang, Cheng; Li, Mingyang] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Cheng] River Protect Ctr Guanghan Water Resources Bur, Deyang 618300, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University of Science & Technology - China
RP Zhang, YY (corresponding author), Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM youyzh@126.com; hc1203474879@163.com; 670213238@qq.com;
   1009366470@qq.com
TC 9
Z9 9
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD SEP
PY 2022
VL 19
IS 9
BP 2263
EP 2275
DI 10.1007/s10346-022-01883-x
EA APR 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000786491700001
ER

PT J
AU Ma, C
   Wang, YJ
   Du, C
AF Ma Chao
   Wang Yu-Jie
   Du Cui
TI Comparison of the entrainment rate of debris flows in distinctive
   triggering conditions
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Landslide; Magnitude; Entrainment rate; Earthquake
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CENTRAL TAIWAN; RAINFALL; HAZARDS; VOLUME;
   MORPHOLOGY; THRESHOLD; MOUNTAIN; LAKE
AB Debris flows can be extremely destructive because they can increase in magnitude via progressive entrainment. In this paper, a total of 18 landslide-type debris flows and 268 channelized debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake and Taiwan region, as well as other regions were collected to analyze the entrainment rate of debris flows in each triggering condition. Results show that there is a power relationship between volume of initial triggered mass and final deposited debris for landslide type debris flow. The debris flows during 2008 and 2013 in Wenchuan earthquake-region have smaller entrainment rate than that from 2001 t0 2009 in Taiwan. The entrainment rate of debris flow events from 2001 to 2009 in Taiwan shows a decaying tendency as elapsed time. Comparison of the entrainment rate in the two earthquake-hit regions with other regions proves that entrainment rate has a close relation with major sediment availability and secondary rainstorm conditions.
C1 [Ma Chao; Wang Yu-Jie] Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab State Forestry Adm Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Du Cui] Henan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Luoyang 471023, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Forestry University; Henan University of Science & Technology
RP Ma, C (corresponding author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab State Forestry Adm Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM sanguoxumei@163.com; wyujie@bjfu.edu.cn; ducui0125@163.com
TC 3
Z9 4
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD FEB
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 2
BP 237
EP 248
DI 10.1007/s11629-016-3968-5
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000394156900002
ER

PT J
AU Wang, J
   Yang, S
   Ou, GQ
   Gong, QH
   Yuan, SX
AF Wang, Jun
   Yang, Shun
   Ou, Guoqiang
   Gong, Qinghua
   Yuan, Shaoxiong
TI Debris flow hazard assessment by combining numerical simulation and land
   utilization
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flow; Numerical simulation; Land
   utilization; Hazard map
ID 13 AUGUST 2010; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SOUTHWESTERN
   CHINA; AREA; RAINFALL; LANDSLIDE; PREDICTION; NETWORK; CHANNEL
AB Debris flow has caused serious human casualties and economic losses in the main earthquake-hit areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. As one of the important and effective means of non-engineering disaster mitigation, debris flow hazard assessment is a key issue for the sustainable economic and social development of earthquake-hit areas. This article illustrates a new method to quantify the debris flow hazard by combining debris flow simulated results with different land utilization within the influence area. The Guo Juanyan gully in Dujiangyan city, Sichuan province, China, located in the meizoseismal area of the Wenchuan earthquake, was selected as the study area. The rainfall characteristics, including the rainfall pattern and the 10-min, 1-h, and 24-h critical rainfalls, were fully explored first. Then, the numerical simulation method was applied as a modeling tool to simulate debris flow influence area and final buried depth under rainfall with different return periods. The simulated results under a 100-year return period rainfall were validated based on field measurements. Finally, the debris flow hazard maps under different return periods were overlapped by combining the simulated results and the types of land utilization. The proposed method can enhance the accuracy of debris flow hazard assessment and can be widely used for debris flow mitigation, which has important application value.
C1 [Wang, Jun; Gong, Qinghua; Yuan, Shaoxiong] Guangdong Open Lab Geospatial Informat Technol &, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Jun; Gong, Qinghua; Yuan, Shaoxiong] CAGS, Inst Explorat Technol, Guangzhou Inst Geog, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Shun] CAGS, Inst Explorat Technol, Tech Ctr Geol Hazard Prevent & Control, CGS, Chengdu 611734, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ou, Guoqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Geography,
   Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Yang, S (corresponding author), CAGS, Inst Explorat Technol, Tech Ctr Geol Hazard Prevent & Control, CGS, Chengdu 611734, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yangshun09@126.com
TC 19
Z9 22
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD FEB
PY 2018
VL 77
IS 1
BP 13
EP 27
DI 10.1007/s10064-017-1006-7
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000424335400002
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XZ
   Cui, YF
AF Chen, Xing-zhang
   Cui, Yi-fei
TI The formation of the Wulipo landslide and the resulting debris flow in
   Dujiangyan City, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Landslide; Debris flow; Disaster chain effect; Heavy rainfall;
   Geological hazard area; Wenchuan earthquake
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; COMPLEX; FAILURES; DEPOSITS; AREA
AB The Wulipo landslide, triggered by heavy rainfall on July 10, 2013, transformed into debris flow, resulted in the destruction of 12 houses, 44 deaths, and 117 missing. Our systematic investigation has led to the following results and to a new understanding about the formation and evolution process of this hazard. The fundamental factors of the formation of the landslide are a high-steep free surface at the front of the slide mass and the sandstone-mudstone mixed stratum structure of the slope. The inducing factor of the landslide is hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure change caused by heavy continuous rainfall. The geological mechanical model of the landslide can be summarized as "instability - translational slide - tension fracture - collapse" and the formation mechanism as "translational landslide induced by heavy rainfall". The total volume of the landslide is 124.6x104 m(3), and 16.3% of the sliding mass was dropped down from the cliff and transformed into debris flow during the sliding process, which enlarged 46.7% of the original sliding deposit area. The final accumulation area is found to be 9.2x104 m(2). The hazard is a typical example of a disaster chain involving landslide and its induced debris flow. The concealment and disaster chain effect is the main reason for the heavy damage. In future risk assessment, it is suggested to enhance the research on potential landslide identification for weakly intercalated slopes. By considering the influence of the behaviors of landslide-induced debris flow, the disaster area could be determined more reasonably.
C1 [Chen, Xing-zhang] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resource, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Yi-fei] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University of Science & Technology - China; Hong Kong
   University of Science & Technology
RP Cui, YF (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM chenxingzhang@126.com; yifeicui@ust.hk
TC 69
Z9 73
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUN
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 6
BP 1100
EP 1112
DI 10.1007/s11629-017-4392-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000403677100008
ER

PT J
AU Chen, HX
   Zhang, LM
   Zhang, S
AF Chen, H. X.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Zhang, S.
TI Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in
   debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Landslide; Slope stability; Earthquake; Wenchuan
   earthquake; Dimensional analysis
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; RUNOUT CHARACTERISTICS; INDUCED LANDSLIDES;
   RAINFALL; IMPACT; RHEOLOGY; DEPOSITS; SICHUAN; STREAM; ALPS
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered an exceptional number of landslides. The large amount of loose landslide materials on the steep terrains can easily turn into debris flows by heavy rainfall. During the wet seasons from 2008 to 2011, five destructive debris flows occurred repeatedly in Yingxiu, the study area near the epicenter. This paper presents the evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in the debris flow mixtures in the past few years. Seven dimensionless numbers are used to describe the physical interactions. The evolution of the physical interactions over time was influenced by changes in debris-flow compositions, which in turn affected the runout characteristics of the debris flows significantly. Grain contact friction was the most important physical interaction for the five debris flows in the study area. With gradual loss of fine particles over time, the viscosity of the debris-flow mixtures became lower and lower, leading to a change from the dominance of viscous shear over solid-fluid interactions and inertial grain collision to the dominance of solid-fluid interactions and inertial grain collision over viscous shear. With inertial grain collision being more and more important, the flow resistance of the debris flows increased. The mobility of the future debris flows may become smaller and smaller. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, H. X.; Zhang, L. M.; Zhang, S.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM chenhx@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk; zhangshuaiqi@ust.hk
TC 48
Z9 54
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV 19
PY 2014
VL 182
SI SI
BP 136
EP 147
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.08.004
PN B
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000347133600005
ER

PT J
AU Li, ZW
   Jiao, QJ
   Liu, LY
   Tang, H
   Liu, T
AF Li, Zhenwang
   Jiao, Quanjun
   Liu, Liangyun
   Tang, Huan
   Liu, Tong
TI Monitoring Geologic Hazards and Vegetation Recovery in the Wenchuan
   Earthquake Region Using Aerial Photography
SO ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; landslide; debris flow; vegetation recovery; aerial
   photography
ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; GIS; DISASTER; RECONSTRUCTION; IMAGERY;
   IMPACT; CHINA; AREA
AB On 12 May 2008, the 8.0-magnitude Wenchuan earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province, China, triggering thousands of landslides, debris flows, and barrier lakes, leading to a substantial loss of life and damage to the local environment and infrastructure. This study aimed to monitor the status of geologic hazards and vegetation recovery in a post-earthquake disaster area using high-resolution aerial photography from 2008 to 2011, acquired from the Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth (CEODE), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The distribution and range of hazards were identified in 15 large, representative geologic hazard areas triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. After conducting an overlay analysis, the variations of these hazards between successive years were analyzed to reflect the geologic hazard development and vegetation recovery. The results showed that in the first year after the Wenchuan earthquake, debris flows occurred frequently with high intensity. Resultantly, with the source material becoming less available and the slope structure stabilizing, the intensity and frequency of debris flows gradually decreased with time. The development rate of debris flows between 2008 and 2011 was 3% per year. The lithology played a dominant role in the formation of debris flows, and the topography and hazard size in the earthquake affected area also had an influence on the debris flow development process. Meanwhile, the overall geologic hazard area decreased at 12% per year, and the vegetation recovery on the landslide mass was 15% to 20% per year between 2008 and 2011. The outcomes of this study provide supporting data for ecological recovery as well as debris flow control and prevention projects in hazard-prone areas.
C1 [Li, Zhenwang; Jiao, Quanjun; Liu, Liangyun; Tang, Huan; Liu, Tong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Zhenwang; Tang, Huan] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of
   Agricultural Resources & Regional Planning, CAAS
RP Liu, LY (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
EM lizhenwang10@hotmail.com; jiaoqj@radi.ac.cn; liuly@radi.ac.cn;
   tanghuan_2011@hotmail.com; tliu@ceode.ac.cn
TC 14
Z9 14
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2220-9964
PD MAR
PY 2014
VL 3
IS 1
BP 368
EP 390
DI 10.3390/ijgi3010368
SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
UT WOS:000358932700019
ER

PT J
AU Jin, W
   Cui, P
   Zhang, GT
   Wang, J
   Zhang, YX
   Zhang, P
AF Jin, Wen
   Cui, Peng
   Zhang, Guotao
   Wang, Jiao
   Zhang, Yunxia
   Zhang, Peng
TI Evaluating the post-earthquake landslides sediment supply capacity for
   debris flows
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Sediment supply capacity; Hillslope -channel connectivity; Post
   -earthquake landslide; Spatio-temporal evolution; The Wenchuan
   earthquake -affected area
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TOPOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; SHORT COMMUNICATION;
   AREA; CONNECTIVITY; SLOPE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MODEL; LANDSCAPE; EVOLUTION
AB Earthquake-triggered landslides provide sufficient loose material for the formation of subsequent debris flow events in earthquake-affected catchments. The landslides sediment supply capacity (SSC) for debris flows plays an important role in post-earthquake sediment transportation, which is influenced by landslide location during different post-earthquake periods. In this study, the logarithmic slope-area diagram was used to distinguish hillslope and channel processes in catchments affected by the Wenchuan earthquake, adopting a threshold be-tween hillslopes and channels set at 1 km2. In comparison with the existing structural sediment delivery ratio (SDR), it was found that the SSC assessed using the SDR showed a decreasing trend of power exponent as distance increased, effectively eliminating the impact of earthquake-triggered sediment supply. To efficiently assess the SSC of post-earthquake landslides for debris flows, we proposed a novel dimensionless index, namely Mean Landslide Sediment Delivery Ratio (MLSDR), by considering the impact of earthquakes and eliminating the impact of catchment area. It was found that, the SSC of coseismic landslides assessed by the MLSDR in catch-ments affected by the Wenchuan earthquake could better reflect seismic impact, with higher values concentrated along the seismogenic fault of the earthquake, thereby highlighting the satisfactory applicability of the method in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area. Moreover, it was found that the proposed index had a reasonable corresponding relationship with debris flow development in Wenchuan earthquake-affected catchments, mainly for values of 0.2 < MLSDRout < 2.25 and 0.3 < MLSDRchannel < 4.5, which could help identify potential debris flow development. The controlling factors of long-term changes in coseismic and post-earthquake SSC in the Wen-chuan earthquake-affected region were assessed. It was found that SSC was controlled by earthquakes during first three years and subsequently controlled by precipitation and grain composition. This study will strengthen the understandings of the long-term evolution of post-earthquake debris flow.
C1 [Jin, Wen; Zhang, Yunxia; Zhang, Peng] Minist Emergency Management, Natl Disaster Reduct Ctr China, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Wen; Cui, Peng; Wang, Jiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng; Wang, Jiao] CAS HEC, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
   [Zhang, Guotao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic
   Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Cui, P (corresponding author), CAS HEC, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
EM pengcui@imde.com
TC 29
Z9 31
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD JAN
PY 2023
VL 220
AR 106649
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106649
EA OCT 2022
PN A
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000874675300002
ER

PT J
AU van den Bout, B
   Tang, CX
   van Westen, C
   Jetten, V
AF van den Bout, Bastian
   Tang, Chenxiao
   van Westen, Cees
   Jetten, Victor
TI Physically based modeling of co-seismic landslide, debris flow, and
   flood cascade
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EPICENTRAL AREA; SOIL-EROSION; DAM; SIMULATION;
   FAILURE; WATER; INITIATION; PREDICTION; CATCHMENT
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake lead to various complex multi-hazard chains that included seismically triggered landslide initiation, landslide runout, river damming, dam breaching, and flooding. The modeling of the interactions between such hazardous processes is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainty. Here we present an event-based physically based model that is able to simulate multi-hazard land surface process chains within a single unified simulation. The final model is used to simulate a multi-hazard chain event in the Hongchun watershed, where co-seismic landslides led to a landslide dam and, 2 years later, a debris flow that breached the landslide dam. While most aspects of the multi-hazard chain are predicted well, the correct prediction of slope failures remains the biggest challenge. Although the results should be treated carefully, the development of such a model provides a significant progress in the applicability of multi-hazard chain simulations.
C1 [van den Bout, Bastian; van Westen, Cees; Jetten, Victor] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Tang, Chenxiao] Chinese Acad Sci & Minist Water Conservancy, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Twente; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP van den Bout, B (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM b.vandenbout@utwente.nl
TC 14
Z9 15
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PD OCT 6
PY 2022
VL 22
IS 10
BP 3183
EP 3209
DI 10.5194/nhess-22-3183-2022
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000864202600001
ER

PT J
AU Wei, FQ
   Su, PC
   Jiang, YH
AF Wei Fangqiang
   Su Pengcheng
   Jiang Yuhong
TI Distribution characteristics of landslides and debris flows in the
   Wenchuan earthquake region before and after the earthquake
SO DISASTER ADVANCES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; landslide; Wenchuan earthquake; distribution regularity;
   Longnen Shan region
AB There are a lot of landslides and debris flows developed in the Wenchuan earthquake region before the earthquake because of the wavy terrain, complex geological environment and rich rainfall. The Wenchuan earthquake triggered numerous landslides and debris flows. After the earthquake, not only landslides and debris flows become more active, but also the distribution of them has some new characteristics. Based on the distributions of landslides and debris flows before and after the earthquake, the characteristics of the distributions are analyzed and the quantitative regularity of their distribution after the earthquake is described.
C1 [Wei Fangqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Wei Fangqiang; Su Pengcheng; Jiang Yuhong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Wei, FQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
TC 9
Z9 12
PU DISASTER ADVANCES
PI INDORE
PA SECTOR AG-80, SCHEME NO 54, VIJAY NAGAR, A B RD, INDORE, 452010, INDIA
SN 0974-262X
EI 2278-4543
PD OCT
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 4
BP 285
EP 294
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000313100100046
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, J
   Tang, CA
   Chen, M
   Gong, LF
   Li, N
   Zhang, XZ
   Shi, QY
AF Xiong, Jiang
   Tang, Chuan
   Chen, Ming
   Gong, Lingfeng
   Li, Ning
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Shi, Qingyun
TI Long-term changes in the landslide sediment supply capacity for debris
   flow occurrence in Wenchuan County, China
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Sediment supply capacity; Landslide connectivity; Landslide area
   density; High-resolution image; Spatiotemporal evolution; Debris flow
ID CHANNEL SYSTEMS; EARTHQUAKE; AREA; CONNECTIVITY; EVOLUTION; DELIVERY;
   RIVER; DISTRIBUTIONS; HILLSLOPES; VEGETATION
AB After the Wenchuan earthquake, a large number of landslides in debris flow basins continued to provide loose debris for channels and further affected the occurrence of debris flows. Evaluating the landslide sediment supply capacity in debris flow basins requires understanding the landslide activity and the coupled relationship between the landslide and the channel. In this study, we proposed a model based on the landslide area density index (PAls) and the landslide connectivity (ICl) to evaluate the capacity of the landslide sediment supply for channels in 46 sub-catchments in the study area. The capacity of the landslide sediment supply for channels generally decreased from 2008 to 2018, but due to the influence of heavy rainfall, the actual capacity of the landslide sediment supply for channels in the study area may gradually diminish in an unstable way, and it may arrive at the preearthquake level by 2025 without the influence of extreme rainfall. However, higher debris flow activity may last longer than 2025 because sufficient gully materials are still accumulated in the channel. The sediment transport capacity of landslides was divided into five levels: extremely, high, moderate, slight and low. The capacity of the landslide sediment supply for channels changed from extreme levels and high levels to moderate levels and slight levels after the first 5 years of the Wenchuan earthquake and was then dominated by low levels. Simultaneously, the regions with higher landslide sediment supply capacities gradually changed from along the Minjiang River regions to the upper and middle reaches of the debris flow basin from 2008 to 2018. Hongchun gully, which is in the study area, was chosen as an example to compare the assessment results and field investigation. The longterm evolution of landslides is an important reason for the decrease in the sediment supply capacity of landslides.
C1 [Xiong, Jiang; Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming; Zhang, Xianzheng; Shi, Qingyun] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Lingfeng] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Geol Survey Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Sci, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological Survey; Xihua
   University
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China.
EM tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 50
Z9 52
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD AUG
PY 2021
VL 203
AR 105340
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105340
EA APR 2021
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000654354000039
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Zhang, LM
   Chen, HX
   Yuan, Q
   Pan, H
AF Zhang Shuai
   Zhang Li-Min
   Chen Hong-Xin
   Yuan Quan
   Pan Hua
TI Changes in runout distances of debris flows over time in the Wenchuan
   earthquake zone
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Rainfall; Runout distance; Landslide; Wenchuan earthquake;
   Risk assessment
ID LANDSLIDES; PREDICTION; SICHUAN; ANGLE; AREA
AB A large number of debris flows occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake zone after the 12 May 2008 earthquake. The risks posed by these debris flows were rather high. An appropriate model is required to predict the possible runout distance and impacted area. This paper describes a study on the runout characteristics of the debris flows that occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake zone over the past four years. A total of 120 debris flows are analyzed. Separate multivariate regression models are established for the runout distances of hill-slope debris flows and channelized debris flows. The control variables include type of debris flow, debris flow volume, and elevation difference. Comparison of the debris flows occurring before and after the earthquake shows that the runout distance increased after the earthquake due to sufficient material supply and increased mobility of the source materials. In addition, the runout distances of annual debris flow events in 2008, 2010 and 2011 are analyzed and compared. There is a tendency that the runout distance decreases over time due to the decreasing source material volume and possible changes of debris flow type. Comparison between the debris flows in the earthquake zone and the debris flows in Swiss Alps, Canada, Austria, and Japan shows that the former have a smaller mobility.
C1 [Zhang Shuai; Zhang Li-Min; Chen Hong-Xin] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Yuan Quan; Pan Hua] Sichuan Xingshu Highway Construct Dev Co Ltd, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM zhangshuaiqj@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 45
Z9 50
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2013
VL 10
IS 2
BP 281
EP 292
DI 10.1007/s11629-012-2506-y
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000317352800011
ER

PT J
AU Sridharan, A
   Gutjahr, G
   Gopalan, S
AF Sridharan, Aadityan
   Gutjahr, Georg
   Gopalan, Sundararaman
TI Markov-Switching Spatio-Temporal Generalized Additive Model for
   Landslide Susceptibility
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
DT Article
DE Markov switching GAM; Spatiotemporal; Landslide susceptibility models;
   Debris flow
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL PREDICTION; SEGMENT
AB Statistical susceptibility models predict the occurrence of landslides, which is the first step toward landslide hazard estimation. However, most of the models in the literature do not consider spatiotemporal dependencies among landslide occurrences. This work introduces a novel Markov-Switching Spatio-Temporal Generalized Additive Model (MSST-GAM) for landslide susceptibility. This model predicts an unobserved sequence of risk states using nonlinear functions of time-dependent covariates. Spatial dependencies are modeled by a neighborhood structure. The model was applied to a multi-temporal inventory of post-seismic debris flow in a region affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. A five-fold spatiotemporal cross-validation is used to evaluate the model performance. It is observed that the MSST-GAM improved the performance significantly over GAM and Logistic Regression model in terms of AUC-ROC. Additionally, MSST-GAM improves the mean log-likelihood by 24.1% compared to GAM. The results show that the newly proposed model is a viable alternative for landslide susceptibility mapping.
C1 [Sridharan, Aadityan] Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Dept Phys, Amritapuri, India.
   [Gutjahr, Georg] Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, CREATE, Amritapuri, India.
   [Gopalan, Sundararaman] Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, Amritapuri, India.
   [Sridharan, Aadityan] Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Dept Phys, Clapanna PO, Kollam 690525, Kerala, India.
C3 Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri;
   Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri;
   Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri;
   Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri
RP Sridharan, A (corresponding author), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Dept Phys, Clapanna PO, Kollam 690525, Kerala, India.
EM aadityans@am.amrita.edu
TC 8
Z9 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 1364-8152
EI 1873-6726
PD FEB
PY 2024
VL 173
AR 105892
DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105892
EA JAN 2024
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:001155152400001
ER

PT J
AU Dai, LX
   Scaringi, G
   Fan, XM
   Yunus, AP
   Liu-Zeng, J
   Xu, Q
   Huang, RQ
AF Dai, Lanxin
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Yunus, Ali P.
   Liu-Zeng, Jing
   Xu, Qiang
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Coseismic Debris Remains in the Orogen Despite a Decade of Enhanced
   Landsliding
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
DT Article
DE earthquake-induced landslide; landslide inventory; Wenchuan earthquake;
   sediment transfer; debris flow; slope healing
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOOSE GRANULAR
   DEPOSITS; SEDIMENT; EROSION; RATES; RUNOUT; INITIATION; MOUNTAINS;
   EVOLUTION
AB Major earthquakes in steep orogens can trigger extensive landsliding. Most of the landslide bodies come to rest high on the slopes, but subsequent rainfalls can easily remobilize them. Sharp peaks in landslide rates are systematically observed after major earthquakes, followed by rapid decays to background levels in just several years. Yet, the migration of coseismic debris into tributary channels and rivers remains poorly understood. We collected 12 years of observations of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake's epicentral region in China and evaluated that debris flows and fluvial transport could only evacuate a small portion of coseismic debris, while over 70% of it had stabilized on the hillslopes. Coseismic debris may remain in the orogen for a long time, but estimates based on initial landslide abundance and sediment export are hampered by uncertainties in the debris fate throughout the earthquake cycle.
C1 [Dai, Lanxin; Fan, Xuanmei; Yunus, Ali P.; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Scaringi, Gianvito] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Hydrogeol Engn Geol & Appl Geophys, Fac Sci, Prague, Czech Republic.
   [Liu-Zeng, Jing] Tianjin Univ, Inst Surface Earth Syst Sci, Tianjin, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Charles University Prague; Tianjin
   University
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 34
Z9 35
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
PD OCT 16
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 19
AR e2021GL095850
DI 10.1029/2021GL095850
SC Geology
UT WOS:000706306000070
ER

PT J
AU Hu, XD
   Yang, F
   Hu, KH
   Ding, M
   Liu, S
   Wei, L
AF Hu, Xudong
   Yang, Feng
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Ding, Miao
   Liu, Shuang
   Wei, Li
TI Estimating the debris-flow magnitude using landslide sediment
   connectivity, Qipan catchment, Wenchuan County, China
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Debris -flow magnitude; Landslide connectivity; Sediment transport
   capacity; Wenchuan earthquake
ID JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE; CLASSIFICATION; IMPACTS; COVER; YIELD; MODEL; GIS
AB In an earthquake disturbed basin, the earthquake-induced landslides' connectivity with debris-flow channels determines the landslide sediment volume that is transported into debris flows, and the debris-flow magnitude as well. In this study, the index of sediment connectivity (IC) was used to analyze the evolution of landslide sediment transport capacity. A normalized IC was developed to quantify the movable volume of the landslide sediment available for debris flows. Combined with a landslide empirical relationship, sediment connectivity calculation, particle model, and numerical algorithm, two debris-flow events after the 2008 Wenchuan earth-quake were simulated for the Qipan catchment. The results show good agreement between the simulated and observed debris-flow magnitudes of peak discharges, inundated areas, and depths with approximately 9% average error, which indicates that the normalized landslide connectivity index is suitable for estimating the movable volume. Moreover, the IC and landslide characteristics (area and location) showed significant negative correlations, indicating that the spatial connectivity of landslide sediment generally decayed over time, with a corresponding reduction in debris-flow magnitude.
C1 [Hu, Xudong; Yang, Feng; Ding, Miao] China Three Gorges Univ, Key Lab Geol Hazards Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Minist Educ, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xudong; Yang, Feng; Ding, Miao] China Three Gorges Univ, Hubei Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Mitigat, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xudong; Yang, Feng; Ding, Miao] China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Kaiheng; Liu, Shuang; Wei, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Kaiheng; Liu, Shuang; Wei, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 China Three Gorges University; China Three Gorges University; China
   Three Gorges University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Hu, XD (corresponding author), China Three Gorges Univ, Key Lab Geol Hazards Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Minist Educ, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
EM hxd@ctgu.edu.cn
TC 13
Z9 14
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD JAN
PY 2023
VL 220
AR 106689
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106689
EA OCT 2022
PN A
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000877708600002
ER

PT J
AU Hu, T
   Huang, RQ
AF Hu Tao
   Huang Run-qiu
TI A catastrophic debris flow in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, July 2013:
   characteristics, formation, and risk reduction
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Disaster characteristics; Formation mechanisms; Risk reduction; Debris
   flow; Wenchuan; Earthquake; Blocking dam
ID SICHUAN PROVINCE; LANDSLIDE DAMS; PREDICTION; SIMULATION; FAILURE
AB In the Wenchuan Earthquake area, many co-seismic landslides formed blocking-dams in debris flow channels. This blocking and bursting of landslide dams amplifies the debris flow scale and results in severe catastrophes. The catastrophic debris flow that occurred in Qipan gully (Wenchuan, Southwest China) on July 11, 2013 was caused by intense rainfall and upstream cascading bursting of landslide dams. To gain an understanding of the processes of dam bursting and subsequent debris flow scale amplification effect, we attempted to estimate the bursting debris flow peak discharges along the main gully and analyzed the scale amplification process. The results showed that the antecedent and triggering rainfalls for 11 July debris flow event were 88.0 mm and 21.6 mm, respectively. The event highlights the fact that lower rainfall intensity can trigger debris flows after the earthquake. Calculations of the debris flow peak discharge showed that the peak discharges after the dams-bursting were 1.17-1.69 times greater than the upstream peak discharge. The peak discharge at the gully outlet reached 2553 m(3)/s which was amplified by 4.76 times in comparison with the initial peak discharge in the upstream. To mitigate debris flow disasters, a new drainage channel with a trapezoidal V-shaped cross section was proposed. The characteristic lengths (hi and h2) under optimal hydraulic conditions were calculated as 4.50 m and 0.90 m, respectively.
C1 [Hu Tao; Huang Run-qiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Hu, T (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM hutaoscience@163.com; hrq@cdut.edu.cn
TC 32
Z9 34
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JAN
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 1
BP 15
EP 30
DI 10.1007/s11629-016-3965-8
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000394156500002
ER

PT J
AU Chen, M
   Chang, M
   Xu, Q
   Tang, C
   Dong, XJ
   Li, LZ
AF Chen, Ming
   Chang, Ming
   Xu, Qiang
   Tang, Chuan
   Dong, Xiujun
   Li, Linze
TI Identifying potential debris flow hazards after the 2022 Mw 6.8 luding
   earthquake in southwestern China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Post-earthquake debris flow; Machine learning; Landslide connectivity;
   Activity intensity
ID 7.9 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEDIMENT CONNECTIVITY; SPATIOTEMPORAL
   EVOLUTION; RAINFALL THRESHOLD; CENTRAL TAIWAN; LANDSLIDES; IMPACT;
   RIVER; AREA; RUNOUT
AB Earthquakes can generate large amounts of co-seismic landslide debris and unstable hillslopes, which supply abundant material sources for subsequent debris flow activities, leading to a significant increase in debris flow risk in post-seismic years. On 5 September 2022, a Mw 6.8 earthquake struck Luding County in the mountainous region of Southwestern China. To mitigate the risk of post-earthquake debris flows to infrastructure and reconstruction planning efforts in the earthquake-affected area, it is crucial to determine the location and magnitude of post-earthquake debris flow. Based on the dataset of debris flow activities for more than 10 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, we captured the dominant factors controlling the post-earthquake debris flow activity and developed a predictive model for the post-earthquake debris flow activity by multiple machine learning methods. Subsequently, we used the predictive model and transfer learning method to identify high-susceptibility areas for debris flows following the 2022 Luding earthquake. A volume indicator of transportable material sources (PVL) by coupling with the connectivity and the co-seismic landslide was proposed to further quantify the magnitude of debris flows. The results indicate that approximately 70% of the catchments in the Luding earthquake-affected area would remain at a slight or low debris flow activity level, while the catchments with high and very high activity are mainly located in the Moxi-Xinmin section. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for mitigating the risk of post-earthquake debris flow and developing effective strategies for reconstruction efforts.
C1 [Chen, Ming; Chang, Ming; Xu, Qiang; Tang, Chuan; Dong, Xiujun; Li, Linze] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Chen, M; Chang, M (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM chenminggeo@163.com; changmxq@126.com
TC 10
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUN
PY 2024
VL 83
IS 6
AR 241
DI 10.1007/s10064-024-03749-z
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001227609300002
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, XZ
   Tang, CX
   Tie, YB
   Li, XJ
   Tang, C
   Xiong, J
   Chen, M
   Gong, LF
AF Zhang, Xianzheng
   Tang, Chenxiao
   Tie, Yongbo
   Li, Xiaojuan
   Tang, Chuan
   Xiong, Jiang
   Chen, Ming
   Gong, Lingfeng
TI Dynamic susceptibility assessment of debris flow hazard after a strong
   earthquake, Wenchuan County, Sichuan, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flow in seismic area; Dynamic susceptibility assessment; Logistic
   regression; Data balance; Wenchuan earthquake
ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; IMPACT
AB Large amounts of co-seismic landslides provide abundant debris sources following a strong earthquake and are prone to initiate and generate debris flow under heavy rainfall. Assessing the susceptibility they pose and what drives their movement in the years following the mainshock has not yet been attempted, primarily because multitemporal debris flow inventories are lacking. This study conducted statistical analyses using the multitemporal debris flow inventory (2008-2021) following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and a set of conditional factors (debris source, terrain, and hydrology). The dynamic susceptibility evaluation model was created using logistic regression. The temporal evolution of these factors affecting debris flow runout was explained. Our findings suggest that topography variables grew rapidly after the earthquake, while debris source factors dominated for seven years after the disaster before declining progressively to zero. These findings may have significant consequences for traditional susceptibility assessment models in regions where co-seismic landslides are the dominant debris flow source.
C1 [Zhang, Xianzheng; Tie, Yongbo; Gong, Lingfeng] Chengdu Ctr China Geol Survey, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Xianzheng; Tie, Yongbo; Gong, Lingfeng] Minist Nat Resources, Technol Innovat Ctr Risk Prevent & Mitigat Geohaza, Chengdu 611734, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Xianzheng; Tie, Yongbo; Gong, Lingfeng] Minist Nat Resources, Observat & Res Stn Chengdu Geol Hazards, Chengdu 610000, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chenxiao; Xiong, Jiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Xiaojuan] Chengdu Raincloud Technol Co Ltd, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Protect, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey;
   Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China;
   Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS;
   Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tie, YB (corresponding author), Chengdu Ctr China Geol Survey, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.; Tie, YB (corresponding author), Minist Nat Resources, Technol Innovat Ctr Risk Prevent & Mitigat Geohaza, Chengdu 611734, Peoples R China.; Tie, YB (corresponding author), Minist Nat Resources, Observat & Res Stn Chengdu Geol Hazards, Chengdu 610000, Peoples R China.; Tang, CX (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM c.tang@imde.ac.cn; tyongbo@mail.cgs.gov.cn
TC 9
Z9 10
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD AUG
PY 2024
VL 21
IS 8
BP 1915
EP 1928
DI 10.1007/s10346-024-02246-4
EA APR 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001205055800001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, HX
   Zhang, LM
   Zhang, S
   Xiang, B
   Wang, XF
AF Chen Hong-Xin
   Zhang Li-Min
   Zhang Shuai
   Xiang Bo
   Wang Xiao-Feng
TI Hybrid simulation of the initiation and runout characteristics of a
   catastrophic debris flow
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Landslide; Rain-induced landslide; Surface runoff; Runout
   distance; Wenchuan earthquake; Numerical simulation
ID MODEL; SICHUAN
AB On 13 August 2010, a catastrophic debris flow with a volume of 1.17 million m(3) occurred in Xiaojiagou Ravine near Yingxiu town of Wenchuan county in Sichuan Province, China. The main source material was the landslide deposits retained in the ravine during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. This paper describes a two-dimensional hybrid numerical method that simulates the entire process of the debris flow from initiation to transportation and finally to deposition. The study area is discretized into a grid of square zones. A two dimensional finite difference method is then applied to simulate the rainfall-runoff and debris flow runout processes. The analysis is divided into three steps; namely, rainfall-runoff simulation, mixing water and solid materials, and debris flow runout simulation. The rainfall-runoff simulation is firstly conducted to obtain the cumulative runoff near the location of main source material and at the outlet of the first branch. The water and solid materials are then mixed to create an inflow hydrograph for the debris flow runout simulation. The occurrence time and volume of the debris flow can be estimated in this step. Finally the runout process of the debris flow is simulated. When the yield stress is high, it controls the deposition zone. When the yield stress is medium or low, both yield stress and viscosity influence the deposition zone. The flow velocity is largely influenced by the viscosity. The estimated yield stress by the equation, tau (y) = rho ghsin theta, and the estimated viscosity by the equation established by Bisantino et al. (2010) provide good estimates of the area of the debris flow fan and the distribution of deposition depth.
C1 [Chen Hong-Xin; Zhang Li-Min; Zhang Shuai] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Xiang Bo; Wang Xiao-Feng] Sichuan Prov Commun Dept, Highway Planning Survey Design & Res Inst, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 39
Z9 43
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2013
VL 10
IS 2
BP 219
EP 232
DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2505-z
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000317352800005
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Zhang, LM
AF Zhang, S.
   Zhang, L. M.
TI Impact of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China on subsequent long-term
   debris flow activities in the epicentral area
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Landslide; Slope stability; Wenchuan earthquake
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; CONSEQUENCES;
   EVOLUTION; RISKS; RANGE
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered the largest number of landslides among the recent strong earthquake events around the world. The loose landslide materials were retained on steep terrains and deep gullies. In the period from 2008 to 2015, numerous debris flows occurred during rainstorms along the Provincial Road 303 (PR303) near the epicentre of the earthquake, causing serious damage to the reconstructed highway. Approximately 524 x 10(6) m(3) of debris-flow sediment was deposited shortly after the earthquake. This paper evaluates the evolution of the debris flows that occurred after the Wenchuan earthquake, which helps understand long-term landscape evolution and cascading effects in regions impacted by mega earthquakes. With the aid of a GIS platform combined with field investigations, we continuously tracked movements of the loose deposit materials in all the debris flow gullies along an 18 km reach of PR303 and the characteristics of the regional debris flows during several storms in the past seven years. This paper presents five important aspects of the evolution of debris flows: (1) supply of debris flow materials; (2) triggering rainfall; (3) initiation mechanisms and types of debris flows; (4) runout characteristics; and (5) elevated riverbed due to the deposited materials from the debris flows. The hillslope soil deposits gradually evolved into channel deposits and the solid materials in the channels moved towards the ravine mouth. Accordingly, channelized debris flows became dominant gradually. Due to the decreasing source material volume and changes in debris flow characteristics, the triggering rainfall tends to increase from 30 mm h(-1) in 2008 to 64 mm h(-1) in 2013, and the runout distance tends to decrease over time. The runout materials blocked the river and elevated the riverbed by at least 30 m in parts of the study area. The changes in the post-seismic debris flow activity can be categorized into three stages, i.e., active, unstable, and recession. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, S.; Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, S.] Technol & Higher Educ Inst Hong Kong, Fac Sci & Technol, Tsing Yi, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM zhangs@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 165
Z9 173
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JAN 1
PY 2017
VL 276
BP 86
EP 103
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.009
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000388777800009
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Zhang, LM
   Chen, HX
AF Zhang, S.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Chen, H. X.
TI Relationships among three repeated large-scale debris flows at Pubugou
   Ravine in the Wenchuan earthquake zone
SO CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL
DT Article
DE debris flows; landslides; landslide risk; rainfall-induced landslides;
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID LANDSLIDE; TORRENT; FAILURE; SICHUAN; EVENT; FIELD
AB The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China triggered numerous landslides. Loose landslide materials can easily evolve into deadly debris flows during wet seasons. During the period from 2008 to 2011, three separate large-scale debris flows occurred in the Pubugou Ravine near the epicentre of the earthquake that were among the largest repeated debris flows ever reported. Approximately 1.76 x 10(6) m(3) of sediment was deposited during these three events. This paper aims to (i) analyze the movements of solid materials during the repeated debris flows, (ii) discuss the evolution of the initiation mechanisms of these debris flows, and (iii) evaluate the changing depositional morphology of the debris flow fans and examine the particle sizes of the debris flow materials. To achieve the above research objectives, timely field investigations were undertaken in the past 5 years after each of these debris flow events. Satellite images were used to delineate the boundaries of the initiation areas, the transportation channels, and the deposition zones of these debris flows. With the occurrence of the repeated debris flows, the hill slope deposits gradually evolved into channel deposits and the solid materials in the channels moved toward the gully mouth. Hence, channelized flows gradually became dominant. The debris fan materials of the repeated debris flows became coarser and coarser over time. The three debris flows were all characterized by coarse boulder fronts.
C1 [Zhang, S.; Zhang, L. M.; Chen, H. X.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 39
Z9 48
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0008-3674
EI 1208-6010
PD SEP
PY 2014
VL 51
IS 9
BP 951
EP 965
DI 10.1139/cgj-2013-0368
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000343129000001
ER

PT J
AU Li, HJ
   Zhu, HH
   Li, YH
   Hu, W
   Shi, B
AF Li, Hao-Jie
   Zhu, Hong-Hu
   Li, Yuan-Hai
   Hu, Wei
   Shi, Bin
TI Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Flume Test to Study the Initiation of
   Landslide-Debris Flows Induced by Concentrated Runoff
SO GEOTECHNICAL TESTING JOURNAL
DT Article
DE landslide; debris flows; fiber Bragg grating; flume test; concentrated
   runoff; volumetric water content; pore water pressure; strain
   measurement
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL; DEFORMATION; PRESSURE; SLOPES; SENSOR
AB In order to explore the initiation of landslide-debris flow caused by concentrated runoff, a flume test has been performed on soil samples taken from a debris flow site in Wenchuan earthquake area. The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology was used to measure the strain distribution information in the slope mass during erosion. Several hydrological sensors for monitoring pore water pressure and soil moisture were used to investigate their correlation with internal strain field. The test results show that the fiber optic sensing technique exhibited high sensitivity and precision in monitoring the slope deformation. The development of pore water pressures and soil moistures showed reasonable consistency with the dynamics of an infiltration. According to the strain measurements, there were four evolution stages during the initiation of landslide-debris induced by runoff, i.e., the water absorption stage, the deformation stage, the shear zone formation stage, and the fluidization stage. The results provide an improved insight into the mechanism of debris flow initiation and indicate the enormous potential of the FBG sensing technology in establishing an effective early warning system for landslides and debris flows.
C1 [Li, Hao-Jie; Zhu, Hong-Hu; Shi, Bin] Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Zhugongshan Bldg,163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Hong-Hu; Li, Yuan-Hai] China Univ Min & Technol, State Key Lab Geomech & Deep Underground Engn, 1 Daxue Rd, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Wei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, 1 Erxianqiao East 3 Rd, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing University; China University of Mining & Technology; Chengdu
   University of Technology
RP Zhu, HH (corresponding author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Zhugongshan Bldg,163 Xianlin Ave, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.; Zhu, HH (corresponding author), China Univ Min & Technol, State Key Lab Geomech & Deep Underground Engn, 1 Daxue Rd, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.; Hu, W (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, 1 Erxianqiao East 3 Rd, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM zhh@nju.edu.cn; huwei1999@gmail.com
TC 8
Z9 14
PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA
SN 0149-6115
EI 1945-7545
PD JUL
PY 2021
VL 44
IS 4
BP 986
EP 999
DI 10.1520/GTJ20190290
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000664300000009
ER

PT J
AU Yang, Y
   Chen, M
   Cai, YH
   Tang, CX
   Huang, WL
   Xia, CH
AF Yang, Yu
   Chen, Ming
   Cai, Yinghua
   Tang, Chenxiao
   Huang, Wenli
   Xia, Chenhao
TI Material Activity in Debris Flow Watersheds Pre- and Post-Strong
   Earthquake: A Case Study from the Wenchuan Earthquake Epicenter
SO WATER
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; remote sensing interpretation; landslide; channel
   materiel; debris flow
ID LANDSLIDES; EVOLUTION; CATCHMENT; TRANSPORT; DELIVERY; IMPACT; RIVER;
   AREA
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake released vast quantities of loose material, significantly influencing post-earthquake material dynamics, particularly through recurrent debris flow disasters that posed long-term threats to the earthquake-affected area. To explore the transport and involvement of loose materials in debris flow events within earthquake-affected basins, this study focuses on a representative area near the Wenchuan epicenter, creating a multi-temporal database of active landslides and channel materials pre- and post-earthquake, quantitatively assessing material transport and source replenishment in debris flow basins, and categorizing debris flows based on channel material activity, post-earthquake historical activity, and sustainability of activity. This study revealed that pre-earthquake material activity was concentrated in the watershed's upper regions, while post-earthquake materials were progressively transported from the central to the lower regions, with many small co-seismic landslides ceasing activity. The supply area ratio from active landslides capable of recharging debris flows, i.e., those connected to channels, consistently remained at approximately 72%, with the peak area of channel material activity comprising approximately 2.5% of the total watershed area. Channel material activity areas serve as valuable indicators for hazard assessment in regions lacking historical debris flow data, with the watershed area predominantly determining the sustainability of post-earthquake debris flow activity.
C1 [Yang, Yu] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Management, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Cai, Yinghua; Huang, Wenli] Zhaozhi Future Technol Chengdu Co Ltd, Chengdu 610096, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chenxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
   [Xia, Chenhao] Nucl Ind Southwest Geotech Invest & Design Inst Co, Chengdu 610052, Peoples R China.
C3 Xihua University; Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Chen, M (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM yangyu.cdut@gmail.com; chenminggeo@163.com; yinghuacai214@gmail.com;
   c.tang@imde.ac.cn; 18280406282@163.com; xchlll520@163.com
TC 1
Z9 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-4441
PD AUG
PY 2024
VL 16
IS 16
AR 2284
DI 10.3390/w16162284
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:001307511400001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Peng, JY
   Zhang, MP
   Chen, YB
   Han, YY
   Su, CX
   Zhuang, DY
AF Zhang, S.
   Peng, J. Y.
   Zhang, M. P.
   Chen, Y. B.
   Han, Y. Y.
   Su, C. X.
   Zhuang, D. Y.
TI Evolution of debris flow activities in the epicentral area, 10 years
   after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; Debris flow; Risk; Wenchuan earthquake; Long-term evolution
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; VEGETATION RECOVERY;
   SOIL-EROSION; LOMA-PRIETA; IMPACTS
AB The occurrence of debris flows after the earthquake not only damaged infrastructure but also caused large numbers of casualties. Analyzing the evolution of debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake is significant for understanding the long-term impacts of the earthquake on the subsequent debris flow activities. This study made a continuous track of mass movements of loose deposits in all debris flow gullies from 2008 to 2018 along Provincial Road 303 (PR303) after the Wenchuan earthquake according to remote sensing images interpretation and field investigations. Four aspects, i.e. vegetation recovery, source materials, runout characteristics, and human activities were analysed to describe the evolution laws based on the 10-year inventory of debris flows. The loose deposits on the hillslope were found to be gradually transported into channels. A declining trend of mass transport rate from 2010 (24.5%) to 2018 (6.5%) was found. The occurrence frequency, magnitude, and mobility of debris flows were found to decrease. Recovery of vegetation made the loose deposits stable, whereas human activities of excavation of debris flows deposits promoted the occurrence of landslides. Three stages were divided for debris flows activities: the active period (2010-2014), the unstable period (2014-2017), and the recession period (after 2017). The decreasing trend of debris flows in the future is predicted.
C1 [Zhang, S.; Peng, J. Y.; Zhang, M. P.; Chen, Y. B.; Han, Y. Y.; Su, C. X.; Zhuang, D. Y.] Zhejiang Univ, MOE Key Lab Soft Soils & Geoenvironm Engn, Yuhangtang Rd 866, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China.
C3 Zhejiang University
RP Zhuang, DY (corresponding author), Zhejiang Univ, MOE Key Lab Soft Soils & Geoenvironm Engn, Yuhangtang Rd 866, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China.
EM zhuangdy@zju.edu.cn
TC 10
Z9 10
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JUN 20
PY 2023
VL 319
AR 107118
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107118
EA APR 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001053953500001
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, J
   Chen, HY
   Tang, C
   Tang, CX
   Chen, JG
   Yang, T
   Gong, LF
   Chen, M
   Shi, QY
   Li, N
AF Xiong, Jiang
   Chen, Huayong
   Tang, Chuan
   Tang, Chenxiao
   Chen, Jiangang
   Yang, Tao
   Gong, Lingfeng
   Chen, Ming
   Shi, Qingyun
   Li, Ning
TI A robust index was extracted to assess the prolonged changes in debris
   flow activity after a high magnitude earthquake
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE DFAI; Debris flow; Landslide; Remote sensing; GIS
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 13 AUGUST 2010; SEDIMENT
   YIELD; IMPACT; LANDSLIDES; REGION; RIVER; AREA; CONNECTIVITY
AB In regions with strong earthquake disturbances, sufficient landslide sediments would activate debris flows for decades. As of 2024, although the Wenchuan earthquake has occurred 16 years ago, the nonuniform prolonged variation of post-quake debris flows is not fully understood owing to a lack of sufficient long-term monitoring data. In this study, a new debris flow activity index (DFAI) considering the effects of the landslide sediment supply, rainfall and topography, was proposed. The results of the DFAI reveal that post-quake debris flow activity continues to decline in a power pattern form and approximately decline toward the preseismic level for 50 years. The debris flow activity level was categorized into low, slight, medium, high and extreme levels on the basis of the DFAI and field investigations. The results of the debris flow activity assessment revealed that many debris flows experienced relatively high activity between 2008 and 2013, and gradually evolved from extreme to high levels at a rate of 0.06 yr- 1. In contrast, debris flow activity rapidly declined after 2013, and changed from extreme and high levels to low, slight, and medium levels at rates of -0.06 yr- 1 and -0.02 yr- 1, respectively. Presently, approximately 59.32 % of the catchment has low and slight debris flow activity, but only 10 % of the catchment has high and extreme debris flow activity. The regions with higher debris flow activity have changed to the northern regions of the study area, and the larger catchment has relatively high debris flow activity. In addition, we validated the performance and robustness of the DFAI at sites with different geological environments and climates. In all, the DFAI can reduce the limitation of insufficient monitoring data and has good performance in reflecting nonuniform prolonged changes in debris flow activity.
C1 [Xiong, Jiang; Chen, Huayong; Tang, Chenxiao; Chen, Jiangang; Yang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Lingfeng] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Geol Survey Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Qingyun] Chengdu Univ Informat & Technol, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Management, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological
   Survey; Chengdu University of Information Technology; Xihua University
RP Chen, HY (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.; Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM hychen@imde.ac.cn; tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD MAR
PY 2025
VL 250
AR 108733
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2025.108733
EA JAN 2025
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:001402991400001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, XZ
   Tang, CX
   Li, N
   Xiong, J
   Chen, M
   Li, MW
   Tang, C
AF Zhang, Xianzheng
   Tang, Chenxiao
   Li, Ning
   Xiong, Jiang
   Chen, Ming
   Li, Mingwei
   Tang, Chuan
TI Investigation of the 2019 Wenchuan County debris flow disaster suggests
   nonuniform spatial and temporal post-seismic debris flow evolution
   patterns
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flow; Landslide; Post-seismic landslide
   evolution
ID MASS MOVEMENTS; EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE; IMPACT; RIVER; SEDIMENT; AREA
AB It is widely recognized that post-seismic mass movements amplify and decay. Previous studies have found that most post-seismic mass movement is concentrated in the first few years following an earthquake. A major debris flow occurred in Wenchuan County in 2019, 11 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, showing that there might be a different temporal evolution pattern. In Wenchuan Country, the area struck by the 2019 disaster was investigated to explore whether a pattern existed. Remote sensing and field surveys investigate the initiation processes, sediment supply, and triggering rainfall. The result shows that most of the active landslides occurred in high-elevation areas where vegetation cover was lacking, and nearly half of them were reactivated landslides. The debris flows were mainly initiated by run-off erosion of debris in steep channels, and more than half of the sediment supply was from deposition along the channels in some catchments. The spatial and temporal evolution of debris flows was analyzed by combining our investigation results with historical events. More debris flows occurred in the northern part of the study area, where the relative annual rainfall and coseismic landslide density were low. The average values of debris-active catchments' size and relief are increasing, while the average values of their coseismic landslide density and the annual rainfall received were decreasing from 2008 to 2019. Larger catchments receiving less annual rainfall tend to have a more prolonged and enhanced mass movement.
C1 [Zhang, Xianzheng; Xiong, Jiang; Chen, Ming; Li, Mingwei; Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chenxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Sci, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Xihua University
RP Zhang, XZ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM xianzheng.zhang@qq.com; c.tang@imde.ac.cn
TC 22
Z9 28
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD AUG
PY 2022
VL 19
IS 8
BP 1935
EP 1956
DI 10.1007/s10346-022-01896-6
EA MAY 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000796832300001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, W
   Yang, ZJ
   He, SM
AF Liu, Wei
   Yang, Zongji
   He, Siming
TI Modeling the landslide-generated debris flow from formation to
   propagation and run-out by considering the effect of vegetation
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide-generated debris flow; Vegetation; Evolution process;
   Two-phase debris flow; Numerical modeling
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EXTREME RAINFALL; EROSION; SIMULATION; ROOTS;
   RECONSTRUCTION; STABILITY; AVALANCHE; SEDIMENT; STRENGTH
AB This study aimed to investigate the formation and propagation processes of a landslide-generated debris flow within a small catchment while considering the effects of vegetation. This process is divided into three stages: rainfall infiltration, slope failure, and debris flow routing, according to their different mechanisms. Existing models that involve the effect of vegetation for each stage, including Richards's model, infinite slope stability model, and the enhanced two-phase debris flow model (Pudasaini2012), were coupled. The tridiagonal matrix algorithm and finite volume method were applied to solve these equations, respectively. Finally, the approach was tested by application to the 2018 debris flow event in the Yindongzi catchment, China. The results showed that the proposed comprehensive model could effectively describe the behaviors of each stage during the formation and propagation processes of landslide-generated debris flows in vegetated area. The roles of vegetation on each stage, such as root water uptake and root soil reinforcement, were also analyzed by performing several scenarios.
C1 [Liu, Wei; Yang, Zongji; He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Wei; Yang, Zongji; He, Siming] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau
   Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS
RP He, SM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM hsm@imde.ac.cn
TC 56
Z9 60
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JAN
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 1
BP 43
EP 58
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01478-4
EA JUL 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000545915100001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, ZL
   Xie, J
   Yu, DK
   Wen, ZJ
AF Zhang, Zhi-Long
   Xie, Jing
   Yu, De-Ke
   Wen, Zhi-Jie
TI ANALYSIS OF A DEBRIS FLOW AFTER WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE AND DISCUSSION ON
   PREVENTIVE MEASURES
SO THERMAL SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; debris flow; debris flow control; debris flow
   characteristics
AB This paper addresses a debris flow disaster in Yingxiu town after the Wenchuan earthquake. Through site investigation and data review, the geography and geological environment of the basin and the development, formation conditions and activity characteristics of the debris flow in the basin are analyzed. Calculate and analyze the characteristics of the debris flow, such as gravity, flow velocity and impact force. According to the management idea of combination of blocking and discharging, this paper proposes to arrange three blocking dams in the main ditch, construct drainage gullies in the downstream accumulation section, and prevent and control the aqueduct in the intersection of the main ditch and the G2I3 national road, which will be similar to the earthquake in the future. It is provided as a reference for research and prevention of the debris flow.
C1 [Zhang, Zhi-Long; Xie, Jing; Yu, De-Ke] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wen, Zhi-Jie] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Shandong Prov & Minist Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Min Disaster Prevent & Control, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Shandong University of Science & Technology
RP Xie, J (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM xiejing200655@163.com
TC 3
Z9 4
PU VINCA INST NUCLEAR SCI
PI BELGRADE
PA MIHAJLA PETROVICA-ALASA 12-14 VINCA, 11037 BELGRADE. POB 522, BELGRADE,
   11001, SERBIA
SN 0354-9836
EI 2334-7163
PY 2019
VL 23
IS 3
BP 1563
EP 1570
DI 10.2298/TSCI180811224Z
PN A
SC Thermodynamics
UT WOS:000475544000033
ER

PT J
AU Shi, QY
   Tang, C
   Gong, LF
   Chen, M
   Li, N
   Zhou, W
   Xiong, J
   Tang, H
   Wang, XD
   Li, MW
AF Shi Qing-yun
   Tang Chuan
   Gong Ling-feng
   Chen Ming
   Li Ning
   Zhou Wei
   Xiong Jiang
   Tang Hai
   Wang Xiao-di
   Li Ming-wei
TI Activity evolution of landslides and debris flows after the Wenchuan
   earthquake in the Qipan catchment, Southwest China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Evolution of debris flow activity; Seismic landslides; Vegetation
   recovery; Qipan catchment
AB The Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on 12 May 2008 induced numerous landslides. Loose landslide materials were deposited on hillslopes, and deep channels were easily remobilized and transformed into debris flows by extreme rainstorms. Twelve years after the Wenchuan earthquake, debris flows were still active in the Qipangou Ravine in the quake-hit area. In this paper, we continuously tracked the spatiotemporal evolution of the landslides and vegetation restoration and evaluated the evolution of debris flow activity in the Qipan catchment with the aid of a GIS platform and field investigations from 2008 to 2019. We observed that the area with active landslides increased sharply immediately following the earthquake, and then decreased with time; however, the total area of landslides continued to increase from 6.93 km(2) in 2008 to 10.55 km(2) in 2019. The active landslides shifted towards lower angles and higher elevations after 2013. Since 2009, the vegetation coverage has been gradually increasing and approaching the coverage present before the earthquake as of 2019. The landslide activity was high and the vegetation recovery rates were rapidly rising during the first five years after the earthquake; the recovery rates then slowed over time. Therefore, we divided the evolution that occurred during the post landslide period into an active period (2008-2013), a self-adjustment period (2013-2026) and a stable period (after 2026). We then proposed a quantitative model to determine the trends of landslide activity rates and NDVI values in the catchment, which indicated that the landslide activities and postseismic vegetation restoration rates in this catchment will return to preseismic levels within approximately two decades. We also analysed the runout volumes of the debris flows after the earthquakes (Diexi and Wenchuan) and the standard deviation of the vegetation coverage and predicted that the debris flow activities will last for an additional 50 years or more.
C1 [Shi Qing-yun; Tang Chuan; Chen Ming; Zhou Wei; Xiong Jiang; Li Ming-wei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Gong Ling-feng] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Geol Survey Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Li Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Sci, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
   [Tang Hai] 11th Geol Team Zhejiang Prov, Wenzhou 32500, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Xiao-di] Sichuan Acad Environm Sci, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological Survey; Xihua
   University
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM qingyun_shi@163.com; tangc@cdut.edu.cn; 308488910@qq.com;
   977869515@qq.com; 790626903@qq.com; 39270076@qq.com; 2029476606@qq.com;
   1269518675@qq.com; 517115116@qq.com; 39270076@qq.com
TC 20
Z9 23
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 4
BP 932
EP 951
DI 10.1007/s11629-020-6494-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000639495600009
ER

PT J
AU Li, N
   Tang, C
   Zhang, XZ
   Chang, M
   Shu, ZL
   Bu, XH
AF Li, Ning
   Tang, Chuan
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Chang, Ming
   Shu, Zhile
   Bu, Xianghang
TI Characteristics of the disastrous debris flow of Chediguan gully in
   Yinxing town, Sichuan Province, on August 20, 2019
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; AREA; EVENT
AB On August 20, 2019, at 2 a.m., a disastrous debris flow occurred in Chediguan gully in Yinxing town, China. The debris flow destroyed the drainage groove and the bridge at the exit of the gully. In addition, the debris flow temporarily blocked the Minjiang River during the flood peak, flooding the Taipingyi hydropower station 200 m upstream and leaving two plant workers missing. To further understand the activity of the debris flow after the Wenchuan earthquake, the characteristics of this debris flow event were studied. Eleven years after the Wenchuan earthquake, a disastrous debris flow still occurred in the Chediguan catchment, causing more severe losses than those of earlier debris flows. In this paper, the formation mechanism and dynamic characteristics of this debris flow event are analysed based on a drone survey, high-definition remote sensing interpretations and other means. The catastrophic debris flow event indicates that debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area are still active. A large amount of dredging work in the main gully could effectively reduce the debris flow risk in the gully. In addition, it is also important to repair or rebuild damaged mitigation measures and to establish a real-time monitoring and early warning system for the high-risk gully.
C1 [Li, Ning; Shu, Zhile] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Sci, 9999 Hongguang Rd, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chuan; Zhang, Xianzheng; Chang, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 61005, Peoples R China.
   [Bu, Xianghang] State Grid Sichuan Elect Power Res Inst, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Xihua University
RP Li, N (corresponding author), Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Sci, 9999 Hongguang Rd, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM lining@mail.xhu.edu.cn
TC 19
Z9 23
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD DEC 8
PY 2021
VL 11
IS 1
AR 23666
DI 10.1038/s41598-021-03125-x
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000734524200020
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, W
   Tang, C
AF Zhou, Wei
   Tang, Chuan
TI Rainfall thresholds for debris flow initiation in the Wenchuan
   earthquake-stricken area, southwestern China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flow; Critical rainfall; ID threshold
ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION CONTROL; INTENSITY
AB The Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area is frequently hit by heavy rainfall, which often triggers sediment-related disasters, such as shallow landslides, debris flows, and related natural events, sometimes causing tremendous damage to lives, property, infrastructure, and environment. The assessment of the rainfall thresholds for debris flow occurrence is very important in order to improve forecasting and for risk management. In the context of the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, however, the rainfall thresholds for triggering debris flows are not well understood. With the aim of defining the critical rainfall thresholds for this area, a detailed analysis of the main rainstorm events was carried out. This paper presents 11 rainfall events that induced debris flows which occurred between 2008 and 2012 after the Wenchuan earthquake. The rainfall thresholds were defined in terms of mean rainfall intensity I, rainfall duration D, and normalized using the mean annual precipitation (MAP). An ID threshold and a normalized IMAPD threshold graph could be set up for the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area which forms the lower boundary of the domain with debris flow-triggering rainfall events. The rainfall threshold curves obtained for the study area were compared with the local, regional, and global curves proposed by various authors. The results suggest that debris flow initiation in the study area almost requires a higher amount of rainfall and greater intensity than elsewhere. The comparison of rainfall intensity prior to and after the earthquake clearly indicates that the critical rainfall intensity necessary to trigger debris flows decreased after the earthquake. Rainfall thresholds presented in this paper are generalized, so that they can be used in debris flow warning systems in areas with the same geology as the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area.
C1 [Zhou, Wei; Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Zhou, W (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM chouvw@163.com
TC 125
Z9 144
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD OCT
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 5
BP 877
EP 887
DI 10.1007/s10346-013-0421-5
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000345323800010
ER

PT J
AU Wang, J
   Ma, T
   Zhang, F
   Hilton, RG
   Feng, XJ
   Jin, ZD
AF Wang, Jin
   Ma, Tian
   Zhang, Fei
   Hilton, Robert G.
   Feng, Xiaojuan
   Jin, Zhangdong
TI The role of earthquakes and storms in the fluvial export of terrestrial
   organic carbon along the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau: A
   biomarker perspective
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE particulate organic carbon; landslide; Wenchuan earthquake; debris flow;
   biomarker; organic carbon source
ID TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; LIGNIN DEGRADATION; SEDIMENT; RIVER; MATTER;
   EROSION; DRIVEN; FLUXES; MOUNTAINS; BIOSPHERE
AB Driven by earthquakes and intense rainfall, steep tectonically active mountains are hotspots of terrestrial organic carbon mobilization from soils, rocks, and vegetation by landslides into rivers. Subsequent delivery and fluvial mobilization of organic carbon from different sources can impact atmospheric CO2 concentrations across a range of timescales. Extreme landslide triggering events can provide insight on processes and rates of carbon export. Here we used suspended sediment collected from 2005 to 2012 at the upper Min Jiang, a main tributary of the Yangtze River on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, to compare the erosion of terrestrial organic carbon before and after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and a storm-derived debris flow event in 2005. To constrain the source of riverine particulate organic carbon (POC), we quantified lignin phenols and n-alkanoic acids in the suspended sediments, catchment soils and landslide deposits. We found that riverine POC had higher inputs of less-degraded, discrete organic matter at high suspended sediment loads, while the source of POC seemed stochastic at low suspended sediment concentrations. The debris flow in 2005 mobilized a large amount of POC, resulting in an export of lignin within a single day equivalent to a normal year. In comparison, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake increased the flux of POC and particulate lignin, albeit with limited impact on POC sources in comparison to seasonal variations. Our results highlight the important role of episodic events in the fluvial export of terrestrial carbon.
C1 [Wang, Jin; Zhang, Fei; Jin, Zhangdong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Jin; Ma, Tian; Feng, Xiaojuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Jin] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
   [Wang, Jin] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
   [Ma, Tian] Lanzhou Univ, State Key Lab Grassland & Agroecosyst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Tian] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Pastoral Agr Sci & Technol, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford, England.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Botany, CAS; Durham
   University; Durham University; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University;
   University of Oxford
RP Jin, ZD (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian, Peoples R China.; Feng, XJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM zhdjin@ieecas.cn; xfeng@ibcas.ac.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD JAN 25
PY 2023
VL 10
AR 1090983
DI 10.3389/feart.2022.1090983
SC Geology
UT WOS:000936620700001
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, J
   Chen, HY
   Tang, C
   Chen, M
   Chen, JG
   Yang, T
   Gong, LF
   Shi, QY
   Zhang, XZ
   Li, N
   Li, MW
AF Xiong, Jiang
   Chen, Huayong
   Tang, Chuan
   Chen, Ming
   Chen, Jiangang
   Yang, Tao
   Gong, Lingfeng
   Shi, Qingyun
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Li, Ning
   Li, Mingwei
TI Temporal and spatial differentiation in the landslide sediment transfer
   potential in Wenchuan earthquake-impacted areas
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide sediment; Transport process; Spatiotemporal evolution;
   Wenchuan seismic; Debris flow
ID CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; SICHUAN PROVINCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPE; EVOLUTION; HAZARD; MODEL; RIVER
AB In seismically disturbed regions, sufficient landslide sediments are continuously transported from hillslopes to channels and affect debris flow activity. Existing studies on the prolonged impact of the Wenchuan earthquake are primarily aimed at landslide activity, detailed analysis of differences in the change of landslide sediment transfer at a large scale is quite lacking in different regions. To fill this substantial knowledge gap, we selected three typical regions (Wenchuan region, Beichuan region, and Qingping region) to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of landslide sediment transfer potential. In this study, a first-order indicator of the transport potential of landslide sediments on hillslopes was used to monitor the spatiotemporal changes in the transport potential of landslide sediment on hillslopes in three regions. The results suggest that the landslide sediment transfer potential in the hanging wall area of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault zone was greater than that in other areas in the first 5 years of the Wenchuan earthquake, but the areas with higher landslide sediment transfer potential were mainly concentrated in the middle and upper reaches of each basin in recent years. The landslide sediment transfer potential gradually evolves from extreme and high level to moderate, slight, and low levels, and the decay rate of landslide sediment transfer potential is the fastest in Wenchuan regions, followed by Qingping region and Beichuan region. Generally, the landslide sediment transport potential in the Wenchuan, Qingping, and Beichuan regions may recover to pre-seismic levels by 2038, 2028, and 2025, respectively, without the impact of extreme rainfall. Importantly, the landslide sediment transfer potential in Wenchuan region was dominated by moderate and slight, which accounting for 78.33% of the Wenchuan region. However, the Qingping and Beichuan regions were dominated by slight and low landslide sediment transfer potential, which accounting for 94.21% and 82.78% of the region, respectively, in recent years.
C1 [Xiong, Jiang; Chen, Huayong; Chen, Jiangang; Yang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Lingfeng; Zhang, Xianzheng] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Geol Survey Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Qingyun] Chengdu Univ Informat & Technol, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Management, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Mingwei] CAGS, Inst Geophys & Geochem Explorat, Langfang 065000, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological
   Survey; Chengdu University of Information Technology; Xihua University;
   China Geological Survey; Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical
   Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
RP Chen, HY (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.; Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM hychen@imde.ac.cn; tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2025
VL 22
IS 6
BP 2117
EP 2129
DI 10.1007/s10346-025-02467-1
EA FEB 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001416933600001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, JF
   You, Y
   Chen, XQ
   Liu, JK
   Chen, XZ
AF Liu Jinfeng
   You Yong
   Chen Xiaoqing
   Liu Jiankang
   Chen Xingzhang
TI Characteristics and hazard prediction of large-scale debris flow of
   Xiaojia Gully in Yingxiu Town, Sichuan Province, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Disaster characteristics; Wenchuan earthquake; Hazard
   prediction; Runout distance
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RUNOUT CHARACTERISTICS; LANDSLIDE;
   SEGREGATION; SIMULATION
AB The Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 produced large amounts of loose solid material that can lead to the development of devastating debris flows. In 5 years since the earthquake, large numbers of large-scale debris flows occurred and caused great damage to the resettled population and the reconstruction efforts. The reconstructed Yingxiu Town suffered debris flow and its secondary disaster in the past 5 years, and will be in the risk range of debris flow hazard in the future. It is very important to predict debris flow and its secondary hazard (especially the dam-breaking flood) near the town. The debris flow of the Xiaojia Gully was described and analyzed as a typical large-scale case in the Yingxiu area. The study aimed to describe the debris flow event, investigate the sediment supply conditions, analyze the characteristics of the debris flow deposition, calculate the river-blocking parameters, and predict the damage of dam-breaking flood to Yingxiu Town under different debris flow frequencies. Debris flows in Xiaojia Gully were well developed and occurred several times, resulting in frequent interruption of traffic on the S303 road. The interpretation of satellite images showed that landslide deposition, channel deposition, and soil erosion sediment were three kinds of sediment supply types for debris flow formation. 188 sediment supply sites in total were identified in the catchment. The total area for the supply of sediment for debris flows is about 0.99 km(2), giving a total volume of 532.09 x 10(4) m(3). If the Yuzi River is blocked by debris flow material, the dam-breaking flood can cause potential damage to the newly constructed Yingxiu Town. The calculation results reveal that debris flows with a frequency of 5% and 10% are impossible to cause river-blockage, and consequently, the Yingxiu Town is safe in these situations. However, debris flows with a frequency of 1% and 2% may cause river blockage and the dam-breaking flood can cause damage to the Yingxiu Town. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Liu Jinfeng; You Yong; Chen Xiaoqing; Liu Jiankang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Liu Jinfeng; You Yong; Chen Xiaoqing; Liu Jiankang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Xingzhang] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resources, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Southwest University of Science &
   Technology - China
RP Liu, JF (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM Liujf@imde.ac.cn
TC 57
Z9 64
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT 8
PY 2014
VL 180
SI SI
BP 55
EP 67
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.017
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000344422700006
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XQ
   Cui, P
   You, Y
   Chen, JG
   Li, DJ
AF Chen, Xiaoqing
   Cui, Peng
   You, Yong
   Chen, Jiangang
   Li, Deji
TI Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan
   earthquake area
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Engineering measures; Drainage channel; Check dam; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID 13 AUGUST 2010; SICHUAN; CHINA
AB Avalanches and landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Mountains area provide abundant loose solids for debris flows, and a large number of debris flows have occurred during the period 2008-2012. The engineering measures in certain gullies failed, causing serious damage and loss of life. Judging from the debris flow characteristics in the Wenchuan earthquake area, engineering measures should be better constructed after the active period of debris flows in severely affected areas. To reduce debris flow disasters, this paper proposes a mitigation method and design principle based on the transport capacity of the main river. A series of check dams with various opening sizes was designed by investigating and analyzing existing cases. Furthermore, a new type of drainage channel with prefabricated reinforced concrete boxes is proposed. Finally, a case study of the Xiaogangjian Gully, which is a typical debris flow gully in the Wenchuan earthquake area, is presented. This system of engineering measures is based on the main river's transport capacity and consists of five check dams with various opening sizes, a drainage channel with sidewalls constructed of prefabricated reinforced concrete boxes, and a debris flow basin at the base of the main gully. The debris flow mitigation measures constructed in the Xiaogang,jian Gully effectively resisted a debris flow with a 50-year return period that was triggered by rainfall on July 26, 2012. Specifically, these measures effectively protected a highway and minimized debris flow damage. Thus, the layout and engineered structures involved in this new engineering technique can provide a reference design for debris flow hazard mitigation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Chen, XQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, 9,Block 4,Renminnanlu Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM xqchen@imde.ac.cn
TC 139
Z9 152
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG 26
PY 2015
VL 194
SI SI
BP 73
EP 85
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.10.002
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000360416400008
ER

PT J
AU Tang, C
   Zhu, J
   Ding, J
   Cui, XF
   Chen, L
   Zhang, JS
AF Tang, Chuan
   Zhu, Jing
   Ding, Jun
   Cui, Xiaofei
   Chen, Lei
   Zhang, Jianshi
TI Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the
   epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Intense rainfall; Seismic landslides; Basin topography;
   Debris dam; Wenchuan earthquake China
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; MOUNTAIN; IMPACTS; THRESHOLDS;
   PREDICTION; MAGNITUDE; FREQUENCY; RATES
AB The Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 produced large amounts of loose material (landslide debris) that are still present on the steep slopes and in the gullies. This loose material creates an important hazard as strong rainfall can cause the development of devastating debris flows that will endanger the resettled population and destroy the result of reconstruction efforts. On 14 August 2010, a total of 21 debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall around the town of Yingxue, located near the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. One of these debris flows produced a debris dam, which then changed the course of the river and resulted in the flooding of the newly reconstructed Yinxue town. Prior to this catastrophic event, debris flow hazard had been recognized in the region, but its potential for such widespread and devastating impacts was not fully appreciated. Our primary objective for this study was to analyze the characteristics of the triggering rainfall and the sediment supply conditions leading to this event. Our field observations show that even small debris flow catchment areas have caused widespread sediment deposition on the existing fans. It is concluded that the whole of the area shaken by the Wenchuan earthquake is more susceptible to debris flows, initiated by localized heavy rainfall, than had been assumed earlier. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the conditions leading to catastrophic debris flow events in the earthquake-hit area. This is essential for the implementation of proper early warning, prevention, and mitigation measures as well as a better land use planning in this area.
C1 [Tang, Chuan; Zhu, Jing; Ding, Jun; Cui, Xiaofei; Chen, Lei; Zhang, Jianshi] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 195
Z9 232
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 4
BP 485
EP 497
DI 10.1007/s10346-011-0269-5
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000297595500006
ER

PT J
AU He, N
   Qu, XY
   Yang, ZQ
   Xu, LJ
   Gurkalo, F
AF He, Na
   Qu, Xiangyang
   Yang, Zhiquan
   Xu, Linjuan
   Gurkalo, Filip
TI Disaster Mechanism and Evolution Characteristics of
   Landslide-Debris-Flow Geohazard Chain Due to Strong Earthquake-A Case
   Study of Niumian Gully
SO WATER
DT Article
DE Niumian Gully; strong earthquakes; geohazard chain; landslide; debris
   flow; disaster mechanism
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL; AREA; THRESHOLD; CHINA
AB Taking the Niumian Gully landslide-debris-flow geohazard chain as an example, we analyze the disaster mechanism of the landslide-debris-flow geohazard chain and its evolution process through field investigation as a reference for disaster prevention and risk reduction in areas with strong earthquakes by analyzing the accumulative sliding amount and the critical rainfall for debris flow formed by loose deposits. Due to the 8.0 Ms earthquake in Wenchuan, the cumulative sliding of the slope reached 230.51 m, much greater than the critical sliding in the Longmen Mountain earthquake area. Permanent damage to the slope occurred, resulting in a landslide, which provided the material source for the occurrence of debris flows. When the study area experienced concentrated rainfall (e.g., exceeding 10.31 mm/h or 54.67 mm/d), loose deposits in the basin began to form a debris flow, causing a landslide-debris-flow geohazard chain. During the evolution process of the geohazard chain, the following stages were observed: pre-earthquake gestation, landslide starting during a strong earthquake, landslide blocking a channel and forming a dammed lake, bursting of the dammed lake flood-debris-flow, sliding of loose deposits, and reciprocating loose-deposit sliding and debris flows. Thus, the formation of the Niumian Valley geohazard chain can be attributed to the combined result of strong earthquake activities and rainfall. In addition, under the action of rainfall, the occurrence of the debris flow and unstable sliding of loose deposits also caused the reciprocating occurrence of debris flows, loose-deposit sliding, and flood-induced debris flows in the study area.
C1 [He, Na; Qu, Xiangyang; Gurkalo, Filip] Henan Polytech Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Jiaozuo 454000, Peoples R China.
   [He, Na] GongQing Inst Sci & Technol, Gongqing City 332020, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Publ Safety & Emergency Management, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan] Minist Emergency Management Peoples Republ China, Key Lab Geol Disaster Risk Prevent & Control & Eme, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan] Key Lab Early Rapid Identificat Prevent & Control, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Linjuan] Yellow River Inst Hydraul Res, Key Lab Lower Yellow River Channel & Estuary Regul, MWR, YRCC, Zhengzhou 450003, Peoples R China.
C3 Henan Polytechnic University; Kunming University of Science &
   Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP Yang, ZQ (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Publ Safety & Emergency Management, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.; Yang, ZQ (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management Peoples Republ China, Key Lab Geol Disaster Risk Prevent & Control & Eme, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.; Yang, ZQ (corresponding author), Key Lab Early Rapid Identificat Prevent & Control, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.; Xu, LJ (corresponding author), Yellow River Inst Hydraul Res, Key Lab Lower Yellow River Channel & Estuary Regul, MWR, YRCC, Zhengzhou 450003, Peoples R China.
EM yzq1983816@kust.edu.cn; xlj2112003@163.com
TC 7
Z9 8
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-4441
PD MAR
PY 2023
VL 15
IS 6
AR 1218
DI 10.3390/w15061218
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000959724900001
ER

PT J
AU Huang, J
   Hales, TC
   Huang, RQ
   Ju, NP
   Li, Q
   Huang, Y
AF Huang, Jian
   Hales, Tristram C.
   Huang, Runqiu
   Ju, Nengpan
   Li, Qiao
   Huang, Yin
TI A hybrid machine-learning model to estimate potential debris-flow
   volumes
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Machine-learning model; Estimated volume; Prediction
ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; 13 AUGUST 2010; NEURAL-NETWORK; PREDICTION;
   RAINFALL; DISPLACEMENT; IDENTIFICATION; ADABOOST
AB Empirical-statistical models of debris-flow are challenging to implement in environments where sedimentary and hydrologic triggering processes change through time, such as after a large earthquake. The flexible and adaptive statistical methods provided by machine learning algorithms may improve the quality of debris flow predictions where triggering conditions and the nature of sediment that can bulk flows varies with time. We developed a hybrid machine-learning model of future debris-flow volumes using a dataset of measured debris-flow volumes from 60 catchments that generated post-Wenchuan Earthquake (M-w 7.9) debris flows. We input topographic variables (catchment area, topographic relief, channel length, distance from seismic fault, and average channel gradient) and the total volume of co-seismic landslide debris into the PSO-ELM_AdaBoost machine-learning model, created by combining Extreme learning machine (ELM), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and adaptive boosting machine learning algorithm (AdaBoost). The model was trained and tested using post-2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake debris flows, then applied to understand potential volumes of post-earthquake debris flows associated with other regional earthquakes (2013 M-w 6.6 Lushan Earthquake, 2010 M-w 6.9 Yushu Earthquake). We compared the PSO-ELM_Adaboost method with different machine learning methods, including back-propagation neural network (BPNN), support vector machine (SVM), ELM, PSO-ELM. The Comparative analysis demonstrated that the PSO-ELM_Adaboost method has a higher statistical validity and prediction accuracy with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) less than 0.10. The prediction accuracy of debris-flow volumes trigged by other earthquakes decreases to 0.11-0.16 (absolute percentage error), suggesting that once calibrated for a region this method can be applied to other regional earthquakes. This model may be useful for engineering design to mitigate the risk of large post-earthquake debris flows. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Huang, Jian; Huang, Runqiu; Ju, Nengpan; Li, Qiao; Huang, Yin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Jian; Hales, Tristram C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff, Wales.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Cardiff University
RP Huang, J (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM huangjian2010@gmail.com
TC 31
Z9 35
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29a, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD OCT 15
PY 2020
VL 367
AR 107333
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107333
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000564545700002
ER

PT J
AU Chen, NS
   Hu, GS
   Deng, MF
   Zhou, W
   Yang, CL
   Han, D
   Deng, JH
AF Chen, Ning-Sheng
   Hu, Gui-Sheng
   Deng, Ming-Feng
   Zhou, Wei
   Yang, Cheng-Lin
   Han, D.
   Deng, Jian-Hui
TI IMPACT OF EARTHQUAKE ON DEBRIS FLOWS - A CASE STUDY ON THE WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE
SO JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Wenchuan Earthquake; initiation mechanism; trend
AB This paper describes a study about the impact of earthquakes on debris flows with a focus on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake 2008 in China. The land form, precipitation, and source material are the three key factors for debris flow initiation in the Wenchuan surrounding area. Classifications and examples of four types of debris flow initiation triggering (gully triggering, slope triggering, liquefaction triggering, and gully erosion triggering) have been presented. The initiation mechanisms are attributed to hydraulic and geomechanical aspects. The actual debris flow cases linked with the Great Wenchuan Earthquake and other earthquakes in China have been used to illustrate the increased magnitudes of debris flows due to a large amount of loose materials created by the seismic actions. The critical precipitation for debris flows is reduced by the earthquake. It is predicted that the impact of the Great Wenchuan Earthquake on the local debris flows would be significant in the next 5-6 years, and much less in the following years (up to 20 years). Finally, the debris flow system will reach a relative stable stage. This prediction is based on the historical observations at other earthquake areas and the qualitative analysis on debris flow initiation mechanisms.
C1 [Chen, Ning-Sheng; Hu, Gui-Sheng; Deng, Ming-Feng; Zhou, Wei; Yang, Cheng-Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Ning-Sheng; Hu, Gui-Sheng; Deng, Ming-Feng; Zhou, Wei; Yang, Cheng-Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Gui-Sheng; Deng, Ming-Feng; Zhou, Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Han, D.] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England.
   [Deng, Jian-Hui] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of
   Bristol; Sichuan University
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
TC 29
Z9 32
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 1793-4311
EI 1793-7116
PD DEC
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 5
SI SI
BP 493
EP 508
DI 10.1142/S1793431111001212
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering
UT WOS:000297520800006
ER

PT J
AU Gao, Y
   Yin, YP
   Li, B
   Feng, Z
   Wang, WP
   Zhang, N
   Xing, AG
AF Gao, Yang
   Yin, Yueping
   Li, Bin
   Feng, Zhen
   Wang, Wenpei
   Zhang, Nan
   Xing, Aiguo
TI Characteristics and numerical runout modeling of the heavy
   rainfall-induced catastrophic landslide-debris flow at Sanxicun,
   Dujiangyan, China, following the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide-debris flow; Runout; Dynamic analysis; DAN(3)D model
ID ROCK AVALANCHE; MECHANISM
AB The 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake triggered a large number of extensive landslides. It also affected geologic properties of the mountains such that large-scale landslides followed the earthquake, resulting in the formation of a disaster chain. On 10 July 2013, a catastrophic landslide-debris flow suddenly occurred in the Dujiangyan area of Sichuan Province in southeast China. This caused the deaths of 166 people and the burying or damage of 11 buildings along the runout path. The landslide involved the failure of approximate to 1.47 million m(3), and the displaced material from the source area was approximate to 0.3 million m(3). This landslide displayed shear failure at a high level under the effects of a rainstorm, which impacted and scraped an accumulated layer underneath and a heavily weathered rock layer during the release of potential and kinetic energies. The landslide body entrained a large volume of surface residual diluvial soil, and then moved downstream along a gully to produce a debris flow disaster. This was determined to be a typical landslide-debris flow disaster type. The runout of displaced material had a horizontal extent of 1200 m and a vertical extent of 400 m. This was equivalent to the angle of reach (fahrboschung angle) of 19 degrees and covered an area of 0.2 km(2). The background and motion of the landslide are described in this study. On the basis of the above analysis, dynamic simulation software (DAN(3)D) and rheological models were used to simulate the runout behavior of the displaced landslide materials in order to provide information for the hazard zonation of similar types of potential landslide-debris flows in southeast China following the Wenchuan earthquake. The simulation results of the Sanxicun landslide revealed that the frictional model had the best performance for the source area, while the Voellmy model was most suitable for the scraping and accumulation areas. The simulations estimated that the motion could last for approximate to 70 s, with a maximum speed of 47.7m/s.
C1 [Gao, Yang; Yin, Yueping; Li, Bin; Feng, Zhen; Wang, Wenpei; Zhang, Nan; Xing, Aiguo] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, CGS, Inst Geomech, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
RP Li, B (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, CGS, Inst Geomech, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM libin1102@foxmail.com
TC 65
Z9 84
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD AUG
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 4
BP 1361
EP 1374
DI 10.1007/s10346-016-0793-4
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000407929600006
ER

PT J
AU Huang, RQ
   Huang, J
   Ju, NP
   He, CY
   Li, WL
AF Huang, Runqiu
   Huang, Jian
   Ju, Nengpan
   He, Chaoyang
   Li, Weile
TI WebGIS-based information management system for landslides triggered by
   Wenchuan earthquake
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide database; WebGIS; Information management
   system
AB A digital landslide database has been created for Sichuan province, where a magnitude 8.0 earthquake at 2:28 p.m. on May 12, 2008, to provide the authorities and scientific communities with a tool for landslide risk assessment, emergency management, land-use planning, development of early warning system and enhancement of public awareness of natural hazards. Landslide data have been obtained from a variety of sources including technical reports and landslide inventory maps, and most of which were based on fieldwork and interpretation of aerial photographs. This paper presents the sources of landslide information, database design and the webGIS-based information management system. The database currently contains spatial information for about 9,000 landslides that were mostly triggered by the earthquake. Slide is the most common type of landslide in the database, but other types including rockfall and debris flow have also been identified. The website is an online GIS, providing access to comprehensive landslide information via the Internet. The development of the website allowed us to define the state of knowledge on landslide processes in Sichuan and to provide a preliminary identification of areas affected by landslides.
C1 [Huang, Runqiu; Huang, Jian; Ju, Nengpan; He, Chaoyang; Li, Weile] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Huang, J (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM huangjian2010@gmail.com
TC 19
Z9 23
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD FEB
PY 2013
VL 65
IS 3
BP 1507
EP 1517
DI 10.1007/s11069-012-0424-x
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000313008500016
ER

PT J
AU Guo, XJ
   Cui, P
   Li, Y
   Zou, Q
   Kong, YD
AF Guo, Xiaojun
   Cui, Peng
   Li, Yong
   Zou, Qiang
   Kong, Yingde
TI The formation and development of debris flows in large watersheds after
   the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Triggering rainfall; Formation; Large watershed; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID RAINFALL INTENSITY; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION CONTROL; INITIATION
AB The Wenchuan earthquake has caused abundance of loose materials supplies for debris flows. Many debris flows have occurred in watersheds in area beyond 20 km(2), presenting characteristics differing from those in small watersheds. The debris flows yearly frequency decreases exponentially, and the average debris flow magnitude increases linearly with watershed size. The rainfall thresholds for debris flows in large watersheds were expressed as I = 14.7 D (-0.79) (2 h < D < 56 h), which is considerably higher than those in small watersheds as I = 4.4 D (-0.70) (2 h < D < 37 h). A case study is conducted in Ergou, 39.4 km(2) in area, to illustrate the formation and development processes of debris flows in large watersheds. A debris flow develops in a large watershed only when the rainfall was high enough to trigger the wide-spread failures and erosions on slope and realize the confluence in the watershed. The debris flow was supplied by the widely distributed failures dominated by rill erosions (14 in 22 sources in this case). The intermittent supplying increased the size and duration of debris flow. While the landslide dam failures provided most amounts for debris flows (57 % of the total amount), and amplified the discharge suddenly. During these processes, the debris flow velocity and density increased as well. The similar processes were observed in other large watersheds, indicating this case is representative.
C1 [Guo, Xiaojun; Cui, Peng; Li, Yong; Zou, Qiang; Kong, Yingde] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Xiaojun; Cui, Peng; Li, Yong] Asian Network Debris Flow, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Xiaojun; Zou, Qiang; Kong, Yingde] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 42
Z9 44
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 1
BP 25
EP 37
DI 10.1007/s10346-014-0541-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000369433900003
ER

PT J
AU Pei, XJ
   Jiang, T
   Cui, SH
   Guo, B
   Liang, J
AF Pei, Xiangjun
   Jiang, Tao
   Cui, Shenghua
   Guo, Bin
   Liang, Jing
TI In-situ testing for characterizing the landslide deposit in
   Jiuzhaigou cultural heritage site after the 2017 earthquake
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Jiuzhaigou cultural heritage site; landslide; ecological geological
   environment; debris flow; site scour test
ID DEBRIS-FLOW; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FLUME TESTS; INITIATION; RAINFALL;
   SICHUAN; POSTEARTHQUAKE; MECHANISMS; CHINA; ENVIRONMENT
AB The 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake caused numerous landslide masses in the Jiuzhaigou cultural heritage site, leading to frequent surface mass movements and affecting the hydrological landscape. This was the first time a strong earthquake hit the heritage site in China, making it an important area for ecological geological environment protection and restoration research. To understand the influence of slope runoff erosion on the activation of landslide accumulations, this study examined remote sensing images from 2017 to 2020 to investigate the geological disaster, while field scour tests were conducted to study the rainfall seepage, mass erosion, and migration.The results indicated that the steep-sloped landslide deposits in the heritage site contain a high content of fine grains and good permeability.
C1 [Pei, Xiangjun; Jiang, Tao; Cui, Shenghua; Guo, Bin; Liang, Jing] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Jiang, T; Cui, SH (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM jiang_tao@stu.cdut.edu.cn; cuishenghua18@cdut.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD AUG 7
PY 2023
VL 11
AR 1232278
DI 10.3389/feart.2023.1232278
SC Geology
UT WOS:001051620000001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, GW
   Jiang, YJ
   Qiao, JP
   Yang, ZJ
   Ding, PP
AF Zhao, G. -W.
   Jiang, Y. -J.
   Qiao, J. -P.
   Yang, Z. -J.
   Ding, P. -P.
TI Numerical and experimental study on the formation mode of a landslide
   dam and its influence on dam breaching
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslide; Landslide dam; Debris flow; Overtopping erosion; Discrete
   element method
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HSIAOLIN VILLAGE; DEBRIS FLOW; FAILURE; PREDICTION;
   TAIWAN
AB The deposition morphology of a landslide dam determines the position of initial breach and sequentially affects the direction of lateral erosion. Twenty-seven discrete element numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the deposition morphology of landslide dams concerning three factors, which include the valley shape, the valley bed inclination and the landslide velocity. The simulation results show that the valley shape and the landslide velocity affect the dam morphology in both transverse and longitudinal directions, while the valley bed inclination mainly affects the longitudinal morphology of dams. Further, a flume experiment was carried out to investigate the specific effects of the dam morphology on the overtopping erosion of landslide dams. The results of experiment show that for the dams in different deposition morphologies and with different initial breaches, the breach widths and the total sediment discharges induced by overtopping erosion are different.
C1 [Zhao, G. -W.; Jiang, Y. -J.; Qiao, J. -P.; Yang, Z. -J.; Ding, P. -P.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, G. -W.; Ding, P. -P.] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Jiang, YJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM zhaogaowen.ch@gmail.com; yuanjun.jiang.civil@gmail.com;
   jpqiao@imde.ac.cn; yzj@imde.ac.cn; dingpengpeng@imde.ac.cn
TC 20
Z9 26
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUN
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 4
BP 2519
EP 2533
DI 10.1007/s10064-018-1255-0
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000468075000024
ER

PT J
AU Ren, ZK
   Zhang, ZQ
   Yin, JH
   Dai, FC
   Zhang, HP
AF Ren, Zhikun
   Zhang, Zhuqi
   Yin, Jinhui
   Dai, Fuchu
   Zhang, Huiping
TI Morphogenic Uncertainties of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake: Generating or
   Reducing?
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; landslide; mass wasting; topographic generation
ID EASTERN MARGIN; ISOSTASY CANT; LANDSLIDES; RUPTURE; REVERSE; OBLIQUE;
   SICHUAN; RIVER; BELT
AB Landscape evolution in active orogen region is inevitably affected by landslides associated with strong earthquakes, rain or storm. However, quantitative studies of the orogenic or eroded volumes are rarely demonstrated. The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake triggered serious landsliding, consequently, a large amount of landslide material. However, the landslide volume is estimated mainly on the landslides areas interpreted in their semi-automated landslide mapping algorithm. However, the total volume of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake amounts to 5-10 times bigger than the expected upper bound according to the empirical correlation between "total landslide volume" and "moment magnitude". Here we show that the total landslide volume estimation has large uncertainties to be used to determine whether the Wenchuan Earthquake generates or reduces relief. Thus, the widely held view that large dip-slip and oblique-slip earthquakes build mountainous topography may still be applicable to the Wenchuan Earthquake in Longmen Shan area. To challenge this view, simple landslide volume and co-seismic uplift comparison is not enough, i.e., more data are needed.
C1 [Ren, Zhikun; Zhang, Zhuqi; Yin, Jinhui; Zhang, Huiping] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Dai, Fuchu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Ren, ZK (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM rzk@ies.ac.cn
TC 8
Z9 8
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD AUG
PY 2014
VL 25
IS 4
BP 668
EP 675
DI 10.1007/s12583-014-0456-0
SC Geology
UT WOS:000339462600006
ER

PT J
AU Tian, M
   Sheng, XT
AF Tian, Mi
   Sheng, Xiao-Tao
TI Copula-Based Probabilistic Approaches for Predicting Debris-Flow Runout
   Distances in the Wenchuan Earthquake Zone
SO ASCE-ASME JOURNAL OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN ENGINEERING SYSTEMS PART
   A-CIVIL ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flows; Variability; Runout distances; Copula
   approach
ID SHEAR-STRENGTH PARAMETERS; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; SICHUAN PROVINCE; AREA;
   MODEL; DOLOMITES; RAINFALL; DESIGN; IMPACT; VOLUME
AB After the Wenchuan earthquake, frequent debris-flow disasters caused catastrophic damage to the infrastructures and inhabitants in the downstream. It is very important to properly determine the runout distances of debris flows to delineate potential hazard areas for the postearthquake mitigation work design and effective risk management. However, this is a difficult task due to the high variability and uncertainty of debris flows. This paper developed copula-based probabilistic approaches for predicting the runout distances of debris flows on depositional fans. The proposed approaches integrate the debris flow's maximum runout distance (L), debris-flow volume (V-D), and catchment internal relief (H) into a three-dimensional copula-based probabilistic model. A probabilistic model of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake zone was developed based on the field investigation data of 133 channelized debris-flow events. The developed model is able to predict the possible maximum runout distances for a specific hazard level. The proposed approaches were validated using an independent field investigation dataset of debris flows. Results show that the proposed approaches properly estimate the maximum runout distances of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake zone for a specific probability level of 0.88. (C) 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Tian, Mi] Hubei Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn Architecture & Environm, 28 Nanli Rd, Wuhan 430068, Peoples R China.
   [Tian, Mi] Wuhan Univ, Key Lab Rock Mech Hydraul Struct Engn, Educ Minist, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Sheng, Xiao-Tao] Yangtze River Sci Res Inst, Minist Water Resources, Key Lab Geotech Mech & Engn, 23 Huangpu St, Wuhan 430010, Peoples R China.
C3 Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan University; Ministry of Water
   Resources; Yangtze River Water Resources Protection Bureau
RP Tian, M (corresponding author), Hubei Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn Architecture & Environm, 28 Nanli Rd, Wuhan 430068, Peoples R China.; Tian, M (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ, Key Lab Rock Mech Hydraul Struct Engn, Educ Minist, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China.
EM mitian0525@gmail.com; shengxiaotao0@163.com
TC 8
Z9 8
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 2376-7642
PD MAR 1
PY 2022
VL 8
IS 1
AR 04021070
DI 10.1061/AJRUA6.0001197
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000742414100016
ER

PT J
AU Fang, QS
   Tang, C
   Chen, ZH
   Wang, SY
   Yang, T
AF Fang, Qunsheng
   Tang, Chuan
   Chen, Zhihe
   Wang, Shuaiyong
   Yang, Tao
TI A calculation method for predicting the runout volume of dam-break and
   non-dam-break debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake area; Non-dam-breaking; Dam-breaking; Debris flows;
   FLO-2D; Runout volume model
ID FREQUENCY RATIO; HAZARD; SIMULATION; LANDSLIDE; RAINFALL; FLO-2D;
   MAGNITUDE; MODELS; CHINA
AB The factors affecting debris flow runout volume changed considerably in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The main characteristic parameters for calculating the debris flow runout volume, namely, channelized landslide dam volume are first used to establish empirical models. A new empirical statistical model is established by applying a multivariate regression analysis to the runout volumes of dam-break and non-dam-break debris flows. Additionally, FLO-2D is used to simulate the debris flow runout volumes under the non-dam-breaking and dam-breaking scenarios. When the rainfall frequency is P = 1%, the predicted runout volumes in the Huaxi gully are 24.48 x 10(4) m(3) under the non-dam-breaking scenario and 43.41 x 10(4) m(3) under the dam-breaking scenario. The runout volume in the dam-breaking scenario is 6.07 x 10(4) m(3) more than 1.77 times that in the non-dam-breaking scenario. The predicted runout range of the dam-breaking scenario is 1.16 times that of the non-dam-breaking scenario. The predicted alluvial fan areas and average accumulation depths in the dam-breaking scenario are larger than those in the non-dam-breaking scenario. The predicted runout volume of the dam-breaking scenario is 5.58 x 10(4) m(3) which is less than the actual surveyed volume (48.99 x 10(4) m(3)). The relative error and accuracy of the numerical simulation results are -11.39 and 88.61% for the dam-breaking scenario. The new runout volume model was developed in catchments with abundant loose materials in the Wenchuan earthquake area and can thus be applied to debris flow gullies in meizoseismal areas with newly fractured regolith and abundant loose material to estimate runout volumes. The results of this study will help authorities select safe sites for future rehabilitation and relocation projects and can also be used as an important basis for debris flow risk management. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Fang, Qunsheng] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Geog & Planning Sch, Dept Water Rdraw 1 Esources & Environm, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Fang, Qunsheng; Chen, Zhihe] Guangdong High Educ Inst, Key Lab Water Cycle & Water Secur Southern China, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chuan; Wang, Shuaiyong] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, 1 Erxianqiao East Rd, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Zhihe] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Civil Engn Sch, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Tao] Sichuan Chuanjian Geotech Survey & Design Inst, Chengdu 610017, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sun Yat Sen University; Chengdu University of Technology; Sun Yat Sen
   University
RP Chen, ZH (corresponding author), Guangdong High Educ Inst, Key Lab Water Cycle & Water Secur Southern China, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.; Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, 1 Erxianqiao East Rd, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM tangc@cdut.edu.cn; chzhihe@mail.sysu.edu.cn
TC 16
Z9 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD FEB 15
PY 2019
VL 327
BP 201
EP 214
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.10.023
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000456491600014
ER

PT J
AU Wang, J
   Yu, Y
   Pan, HL
   Qiao, C
   Ou, GQ
AF Wang Jun
   Yu Yan
   Pan Hua-li
   Qiao Cheng
   Ou Guo-qiang
TI Debris flow formation process and critical hydrodynamic conditions in
   the meizoseismal area of the Wenchuan earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris flow; Disaster-prone environment;
   Permeability characteristics; Hydrodynamic condition
AB The Wenchuan earthquake generated strong surface disturbances and triggered a large number of loose deposits, resulting in the disaster-prone environment with special watershed hydrological characteristics. This paper was to propose a debris flow formation process and explore the permeability characteristics and critical hydrodynamic conditions of the loose deposits triggered by the earthquake. The Guo Juanyan gully (31A degrees 05'27aEuro(3) N to 31A degrees 05'46aEuro(3) N, 103A degrees 36'58aEuro(3) E to 103A degrees 37'09aEuro(3) E) in Du Jiangyan City, located in the meizoseismal areas of the Wenchuan earthquake, was chosen as the study area and the disaster-prone environment was analyzed. The formation process of the debris flow was first proposed using a stability analysis, and then, the permeability characteristics of loose deposits were determined via in situ permeability experiments. Finally, the critical 1 h rainfall was simulated through a distributed hydrological model and verified by field observations. The formation process of debris flow could be divided into three stages based on the relationship between the hydrodynamic force and loose deposit resistance. The critical 1 h rainfall amounts under three antecedent moisture conditions (I-dry, II-normal and Ill-wet) were 52 mm/h, 43 mm/h and 34 mm/h, respectively. This study proposed a debris flow formation process in the meizoseismal areas of the Wenchuan earthquake based on the stability analysis and defined the rainfall threshold for debris flow early warning at the local level, which is significant for debris flow mitigation and risk management.
C1 [Wang Jun; Yu Yan; Pan Hua-li; Qiao Cheng; Ou Guo-qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Jun; Yu Yan; Pan Hua-li; Qiao Cheng; Ou Guo-qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Jun; Yu Yan; Qiao Cheng] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Pan, HL (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM wangjun210@mails.ucas.ac.cn; yuyan19880915@163.com; hlpan@imde.ac.cn;
   qiaoch@yeah.net; ougq@imde.ac.cn
TC 6
Z9 12
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 3
BP 699
EP 710
DI 10.1007/s11629-014-3370-0
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000355429000016
ER

PT J
AU Huang, C
   Cai, QJ
   Zhang, YY
   Li, MY
   Zhong, L
AF Huang, Chen
   Cai, Qijie
   Zhang, Youyi
   Li, Mingyang
   Zhong, Lei
TI Discrimination of Debris Flow Types and Evaluation of Landslide Sediment
   Supply Capacity: A Case Study of the Jiuzhai Valley Meizoseismal Area
   Postearthquake
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMECHANICS
DT Article
DE Jiuzhai Valley earthquake; Debris flow; Susceptibility; Sediment supply
   capacity; Spatiotemporal evolution
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CONNECTIVITY; EROSION;
   EVOLUTION; FRAMEWORK; HAZARDS; RUNOFF; YIELD; MODEL
AB After the Jiuzhai Valley earthquake, postseismic effects reactivated coseismic deposits, posing a high risk of triggering chain disasters such as debris flows. Based on existing empirical discrimination methods, a discrimination model for debris flow with different channel types (DMDFDC) after the earthquake is developed to thoroughly analyze the long-term evolution characteristics of debris flow disasters with different channel types. Subsequently, the landslide sediment supply capacity of each debris flow subwatershed is assessed by evaluating the landslide activity and the coupling relationship between landslide activity and its interaction with gullies. The results indicate that the DMDFDC can accurately discriminate between narrow-steep and wide-gentle types of debris flows, with a threshold value of T = 1.5. Over 5 years after the earthquake, the landslide supply capacity of 299 subbasins in the region exhibits an overall oscillating decline with extreme rainfall events. In years with heavy rainfall, the supply capacity of the narrow-steep type of debris flow is significantly higher than that of wide-gentle ones. In contrast, the opposite is observed without extreme rainfall events. In addition, high-capacity landslide supply areas gradually shifted toward the middle and lower reaches of the basin from 2017 to 2022, and it is projected to recover to preearthquake levels by around 2032.
C1 [Huang, Chen] Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Chengdu 610500, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Chen; Cai, Qijie] Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geomat, Chengdu 610500, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Youyi; Li, Mingyang] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
   [Zhong, Lei] Sichuan Geol Engn Survey Inst Grp Co Ltd, Resource Explorat Engn Co, Geotech Inst, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Petroleum University; Southwest Petroleum University;
   Southwest University of Science & Technology - China
RP Zhang, YY (corresponding author), Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
EM hc1203474879@163.com; 315856835@qq.com; youyzh@126.com;
   1009366470@qq.com; 1562486433@qq.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 1532-3641
EI 1943-5622
PD NOV
PY 2025
VL 25
IS 11
AR 05025009
DI 10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-11273
SC Engineering
UT WOS:001574790300032
ER

PT J
AU Wang, J
   Yu, Y
   Yang, S
   Lu, GH
   Ou, GQ
AF Wang Jun
   Yu Yan
   Yang Shun
   Lu Gui-hong
   Ou Guo-qiang
TI A modified certainty coefficient method (M-CF) for debris flow
   susceptibility assessment: A case study for the Wenchuan earthquake
   meizoseismal areas
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Disaster-prone environment; Debris flow;
   Susceptibility assessment; Modified certainty coefficient method (M-CF)
AB In the meizoseismal areas hit by the China Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, the disasterprone environment has changed dramatically, making the susceptibility assessment of debris flow more complex and uncertain. After the earthquake, debris flow hazards occurred frequently and effective susceptibility assessment of debris flow has become extremely important. Shenxi gully in Du Jiangyan city, located in the meizoseismal areas, was selected as the study area. Based on the research of disaster-prone environment and the main factors controlling debris flow, the susceptibility zonations of debris flow were mapped using factor weight method (FW), certainty coefficient method (CF) and geomorphic information entropy method (GI). Through comparative analysis, the study showed that these three methods underestimated susceptible degree of debris flow when used in the meizoseismal areas of Wenchuan earthquake. In order to solve this problem, this paper developed a modified certainty coefficient method (M-CF) to reflect the impact of rich loose materials on the susceptible degree of debris flow. In the modified method, the distribution and area of loose materials were obtained by field investigations and postearthquake remote sensing image, and four data sets, namely, lithology, elevation, slop and aspect, were used to calculate the CF values. The result of M-CF method is in agreement with field investigations and the accuracy of the method is satisfied. The method has a wide application to the susceptibility assessment of debris flow in the earthquake stricken areas.
C1 [Wang Jun; Yu Yan; Yang Shun; Lu Gui-hong; Ou Guo-qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Jun; Yu Yan; Yang Shun; Lu Gui-hong; Ou Guo-qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Jun; Yu Yan; Yang Shun; Lu Gui-hong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Ou, GQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM wangjun210@mails.ucas.ac.cn; ougq@imde.ac.cn
TC 19
Z9 22
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD SEP
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 5
BP 1286
EP 1297
DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2781-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000342223500016
ER

PT J
AU Li, YJ
   Hu, KH
   Zhang, XP
   Hu, XD
   Ning, L
   Li, H
AF Li, Yanji
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Zhang, Xiaopeng
   Hu, Xudong
   Ning, Lan
   Li, Hao
TI Assessment of Debris Flow Activity in Response to an Earthquake Using
   the Sediment Connectivity Index
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE debris-flow activity; sediment connectivity; material source; Wenchuan
   Earthquake; geomorphometry
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES; CATCHMENT; LANDSCAPE; DATASETS;
   TIME
AB Large earthquakes can trigger landslides and collapses, which not only increase the mass of loose solid materials but also change the topography of catchments. Debris flow activity in response to earthquakes is of widespread concern; however, most studies have focused on the material conditions and flow property variations prior to and after earthquakes. In this study, we investigate temporal variations in the debris flow activity in a typical catchment in the Wenchuan Earthquake area via the sediment connectivity index (IC), which reflects the sediment delivery efficiency in the catchment. The IC values in different tributaries and during different time periods were calculated to determine their spatial distribution and temporal variations. The results show that high IC values are distributed in downstream tributaries near the main fault. The IC values decreased significantly following a 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, indicating a continuous decrease in the sediment transfer ability. The debris flow history and loose solid material amounts were also investigated via field surveys. The debris flow activity is closely related to variations in the solid material source amounts and the IC values in the catchment. This study provides a new insight into the assessment of debris flow activity with respect to its close relationship with the distribution of loose solid materials and the sediment connectivity.
C1 [Li, Yanji; Hu, Kaiheng; Zhang, Xiaopeng; Ning, Lan; Li, Hao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yanji; Zhang, Xiaopeng; Ning, Lan; Li, Hao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xudong] China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; China Three Gorges University
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM khhu@imde.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 5
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD JUN 17
PY 2022
VL 10
AR 921706
DI 10.3389/feart.2022.921706
SC Geology
UT WOS:000820053000001
ER

PT J
AU Wu, AQ
   Yang, QG
   Ma, GS
   Lu, B
   Li, XJ
AF Wu, Aiqing
   Yang, Qigui
   Ma, Guisheng
   Lu, Bo
   Li, Xiaojun
TI STUDY ON THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF TANGJIASHAN LANDSLIDE TRIGGERED BY
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE USING DDA SIMULATION
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS
DT Article
DE 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake; Tanjiashan landslide; DDA; formation
   mechanism; high-speed landslide; dammed lake; evolvement process of
   landslide
ID DISPLACEMENT; BLOCK
AB Wenchuan earthquake, Ms 8.0 in magnitude and occurred on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan Province, China, triggered a lot of landslides, rock collapses, debris flow, etc. The Tangjiashan landslide, with its total volume 20.37 million m(3), was the biggest and the most notable one for its effects. Based on the field geological investigation and the typical acceleration records of the main shock obtained in the period of the earthquake, numerical simulation of the whole sliding process of Tangjiashan landslide has been carried out by DDA method. It is shown that the Tangjiashan landslide was a high-speed landslide, behaved with nonlinear features in the whole sliding process. The total duration of the landslide was about 30 s while nearly all of their slipping displacements were carried out in the beginning 25 s, with the maximum sliding velocity about 30 m/s, and the average 15-17 m/s in the beginning 25 s. The crash of rock blocks induced a much higher stresses near the middle and lower parts of the landslide, with the maximum value of 6-7 MPa. The dynamic earthquake load caused an incessant deformation of the landslide, resulting in the reduction of mechanical parameters, especially the shear strength on the sliding surface and the ratio of friction coefficient on sliding surface in kinematical and static conditions are no more than 0.35. DDA simulation considering the displacement-based parameter reduction has been developed in the original DDA code, and its results primarily reflect the evolvement process of a landslide under strong seismic loads.
C1 [Wu, Aiqing; Lu, Bo] Yangtze River Sci Res Inst, Wuhna 430010, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Qigui; Ma, Guisheng] Changjiang Inst Survey Planning Designing & Res, Wuhna 430010, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Xiaojun] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Engn Mech, Harbin 150080, Peoples R China.
C3 Yangtze River Water Resources Protection Bureau; China Earthquake
   Administration; Institute of Engineering Mechanics, CEA
RP Wu, AQ (corresponding author), Yangtze River Sci Res Inst, Wuhna 430010, Peoples R China.
EM wuaiqing@vip.sina.com
TC 10
Z9 12
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0219-8762
EI 1793-6969
PD JUN
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 2
SI SI
BP 229
EP 245
DI 10.1142/S0219876211002563
SC Engineering; Mathematics
UT WOS:000292513800006
ER

PT J
AU Li, ML
   Cheng, JL
AF Mingli, Li
   Jianlong, Cheng
TI The starting mechanism study on rainfall-induced sloop loose source in
   strong earthquake area
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Slope loose sources; Rainfall; Hydraulic mechanism; Early
   warning
ID DEBRIS FLOW INITIATION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; SLOPES;
   POSTEARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE; FAILURE; SOIL
AB The 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 led to a large number of loose deposits on the slope on both sides of the gully in the formation area. Under the triggering action of heavy rainfall, the previously unrecognized slope loose source in formation areas easily failed and started earlier than the overall start of the gully debris flow, which has practical significance for realizing the early warning of the gully debris flow starting. The special loose source conditions and postearthquake geological environment change the hydraulic mechanism of traditional debris flow start-up, which brings great difficulties to the monitoring and early warning of postearthquake debris flows. Therefore, based on hydraulics, on the premise of building a hydraulic model of groundwater level change of loose slope accumulation body, the characteristics and rules of groundwater level change are analyzed with the aid of hydraulic seepage theories, and the action characteristics of hydrodynamic pressure and hydrostatic pressure on the accumulation body are quantitatively studied. Based on field exploration data and average slope gradient, we divided the accumulation body in a reasonable manner; completed the sliding force, anti-sliding force and residual-sliding force mechanical expression and establishment; and performed a slope stability analysis. The research results show that the slope starting mode is divided into the thrust-type landslide and the retrogressive landslide mode of the subsection disintegration. The hydraulic deposit mechanism analytical results can also reverse the critical rainfall condition of slope failure. Finally, taking the Yindongzi gully in Dujiangyan as an example, the hydraulic mechanism of typical slope deposits in the formation area was analyzed and combined with the historical debris flow events in the study area to verify the physical simulation test, which was consistent with the field investigation results after the disaster.
C1 [Mingli, Li; Jianlong, Cheng] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Mingli, Li; Jianlong, Cheng] Chengdu Univ Technol, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Cheng, JL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Cheng, JL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM chengjl2018@foxmail.com
TC 3
Z9 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD NOV
PY 2022
VL 114
IS 2
BP 1685
EP 1707
DI 10.1007/s11069-022-05442-4
EA JUL 2022
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000823366200002
ER

PT J
AU Wei, FQ
   Chernomorets, S
   Aristov, K
   Petrakov, D
   Tutubalina, O
   Su, PC
   Jiang, YH
   Xu, AS
   Petrasov, A
AF Wei Fangqiang
   Chernomorets, Sergey
   Aristov, Konstantin
   Petrakov, Dmitry
   Tutubalina, Olga
   Su Pengcheng
   Jiang Yuhong
   Xu Aisong
   Petrasov, Alexey
TI A Seismically triggered landslide in the Niujuan valley near the
   epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; landslide; debris flow; debris avalanche
ID SICHUAN PROVINCE; CHINA
AB The Wenchuan (ae +/- a center dot e) earthquake on 12 May 2008 induced a large number of landslides, collapses, and rockfalls along the Longmenshan (e3/4 (TM) eua +/-+/-) fault. The landslide in Niujuan (c parts per thousand > ae) Valley (named Niujuan landslide), close to the epicenter, is one that travelled a long distance with damaging consequences. Using QuickBird satellite images and GIS tools, the seismogenic mass movements are analyzed, and the movement phases, travel path, and post-catastrophic processes of Niujuan landslide are described and discussed. Image interpretation and a GPS survey showed that the mass movements denuded 37% of the research area. The Niujuan landslide moved 1 950 m along the Lianhuaxingou (eZ(2)eS +/- a integral ae(2)Y) stream, transformed to a debris avalanche, and accumulated in the downstream bed of Niujuan Valley, where they formed a dam 30 m in height, blocking the Niujuan stream and creating a barrier lake basin with 0.11 million m3 storage capacity. Subsequent to the Niujuan landslide, debris flows have been more active in Lianhuaxingou and Niujuan valleys because of the accumulated mass of debris.
C1 [Wei Fangqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wei Fangqiang; Su Pengcheng; Jiang Yuhong; Xu Aisong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chernomorets, Sergey; Aristov, Konstantin; Petrakov, Dmitry; Tutubalina, Olga; Petrasov, Alexey] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Geog, Moscow, Russia.
   [Petrasov, Alexey] Russian Acad Sci, Sergeev Inst Environm Geosci, Moscow, Russia.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Lomonosov Moscow State University;
   Russian Academy of Sciences; Sergeev Institute of Environmental
   Geoscience
RP Wei, FQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM fqwei@imde.ac.cn
TC 8
Z9 11
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES
PI WUHAN
PA YUJIASHAN, WUHAN, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 6
BP 901
EP 909
DI 10.1007/s12583-010-0143-8
SC Geology
UT WOS:000284904700012
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, WJ
   Lin, JY
   Peng, JA
   Lu, QF
AF Zhang, Wenjiang
   Lin, Jiayuan
   Peng, Jian
   Lu, Qifeng
TI Estimating Wenchuan Earthquake induced landslides based on remote
   sensing
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
ID HAZARD ASSESSMENT; GIS; DROUGHT; REGIONS; INDEX
AB On 12 May 2008 the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake erupted on the eastern fringe of the Tibetan Plateau in China, triggering many landslides onto towns and villages, leading to substantial loss of life and damage to property and the infrastructure. Local characteristic cloudy weather posed serious difficulties upon regional remote observation for disaster rescue in the mountainous region. To overcome weather limits to remote sensing, the study advanced one quick methodology to extract primary regional landslides with 8-day Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and terrain slope information. The threshold of temporal NDVI jump (value of 0.4) was introduced to discriminate landslide induced sharp NDVI decline from seasonal variations of vegetation cover, while slope information can be used to further confirm land cover change caused by a landslide. The study indicated that the Wenchuan Earthquake induced about 170 km2 of landslides in the southern half of the Longmenshan Fault Zone, most of which was formerly covered by forest or shrub. An ecological restoration of the areas affected by landslides will therefore be quite difficult. In addition, the result emphasizes that regions with slopes over 15 degrees are exposed to high landslide risk, which should be carefully taken into account for settlement and transportation planning.
C1 [Zhang, Wenjiang] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Wenjiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Lin, Jiayuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, Jian] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Qifeng] Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr China, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic
   Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Peking University;
   China Meteorological Administration; National Satellite Meteorological
   Center, China Meteorological Administration
RP Peng, JA (corresponding author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
EM jianpeng@hotmail.com
TC 55
Z9 67
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 13
BP 3495
EP 3508
AR PII 924663542
DI 10.1080/01431161003727630
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000280282000012
ER

PT J
AU Yin, ZQ
   Zhao, WJ
   Qin, XG
AF Yin, Zhiqiang
   Zhao, Wuji
   Qin, Xiaoguang
TI Distribution Characteristics of Geohazards Induced by the Lushan
   Earthquake and Their Comparisons with the Wenchuan Earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Lushan Earthquake; Wenchuan Earthquake; geohazards; basic
   characteristics; comparison
ID SICHUAN PROVINCE; BEICHUAN AREA
AB The Lushan Earthquake induced a large number of geohazards. They are widely distributed and caused serious damages. The basic characteristics, formation mechanisms and typical cases of geohazards induced by Lushan Earthquake are described, and compares to the relationships of Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes between geohazards and earthquake magnitude, geomorphology, slope angle, elevation and seismic intensity in the most affected areas in the article. (1) The numbers and volumes of landslides and rockslides differ significantly between the two earthquakes due to their differing magnitudes. The Lushan Earthquake is associated with fewer and smaller-magnitude geohazards, within the immediate area, which mainly consist of small-and medium-sized shallow landslides and rockslides, and occur on steep slopes and mountain valleys. The largest landslide induced by Lushan Earthquake is the Gangoutou Landslide debris flow with a residual volume of about 2.48x10(6) m(3). The most dangerous debris flow is at Lengmugou gulley in Baoxing County, which has similar geomorphological features and disaster modes as a previous disaster in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province. (2) Geohazards induced by the Lushan Earthquake show four mechanisms: cracking-rockslides-collision-scraping and then debris flows, cracking-rockslides, vibration-rainfall-rockslides-landslide and then debris flow, vibration-throwing or scrolling. (3) There are significant similarities and differences between the geohazards induced by these two earthquakes. The types of geohazards are the same but the volume, quantity and other factors differ: geohazards are concentrated on slope angles of 10 degrees-40 degrees in the Lushan Earthquake area, especially within 10 degrees-20 degrees, and at absolute elevation of 500-2 000 m above sea level (a.s.l.). Geohazards within the Wenchuan Earthquake area are concentrated on steeper slope angles of 30 degrees-40 degrees at higher absolute elevations of 1 500-2 000 m.s.l..
C1 [Yin, Zhiqiang; Qin, Xiaoguang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Yin, Zhiqiang] China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Wuji] China Univ Geosci, Sch Earth Sci & Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS;
   China University of Geosciences
RP Yin, ZQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM yinzq@mail.cigem.gov.cn
TC 10
Z9 13
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD OCT
PY 2014
VL 25
IS 5
BP 912
EP 923
DI 10.1007/s12583-014-0471-1
SC Geology
UT WOS:000342966400012
ER

PT J
AU Fan, RL
   Zhang, LM
   Wang, HJ
   Fan, XM
AF Fan, R. L.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Wang, H. J.
   Fan, X. M.
TI Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008-2016
   after the Wenchuan earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Earthquake; Debris flow; Landslide; Slope stability; Long-term evolution
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES; EPICENTER; IMPACT; VARIABILITY;
   MECHANISMS; SICHUAN; HAZARD; RIVER
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China triggered numerous landslides in the stricken area. The loose landslide materials retained on mountain slopes and in gullies are prone to reactivation and may transform into debris flows in the rainy season. Nine years after the Wenchuan earthquake, debris flows are still active in Gaojiagou Ravine 16.5 km north of the epicentre. On 14 August 2010, 3 July 2011, 13 July 2013, and 6 July 2016, four large-scale debris flows were triggered by heavy storms in Gaojiagou Ravine. The four debris flows blocked the Minjiang River twice and caused severe damage to nearby villages and reconstruction sites. Several questions arise from these repeated debris flows. Did the level of triggering rainfall change in the four debris flow events? How did the initiation mechanism evolve over time? What are the differences in the runout characteristics in the four events? How did the check dams constructed in 2012 function in the subsequent debris flows? In this paper, we evaluated the loose deposit volumes in Gaojiagou Ravine before and after each of the four debris flows and the runout volumes, and analysed the triggering rainfall intensities, initiation mechanisms and runout characteristics of the four debris flows. The rainfall threshold for the debris flows in Gaojiagou Ravine increased over time, and the initiation mechanisms evolved from landslides to channel-bed failure, and subsequently to channel-bank erosion. The mobility of the debris flows decreased from 2010 to 2016 as the initiation positions moved lower and the particle size of the runout materials became coarser.
C1 [Fan, R. L.; Zhang, L. M.; Wang, H. J.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, X. M.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Chengdu University of
   Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM rfanaa@connect.ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk; h.wang@connect.ust.hk
TC 96
Z9 105
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAR 9
PY 2018
VL 235
BP 1
EP 10
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.01.017
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000427670000001
ER

PT J
AU Tang, C
   Zhu, J
   Li, WL
   Liang, JT
AF Tang, C.
   Zhu, J.
   Li, W. L.
   Liang, J. T.
TI Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Intensive rainfall; Accumulated precipitation; Lithology;
   Wenchuan earthquake; Rainfall conditions; Seismic landslides
ID RANGE; RIVER
AB On 24 September 2008, 72 debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall in the central part of the area affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake. This paper describes the process of debris-flow initiation and transport in the study areas and presents field observations on the roles of rainfall, lithology and the presence of faults. It is likely that following the ground shaking, the critical amount of accumulated precipitation and the hourly rainfall intensity necessary to initiate debris flow was reduced compared with values before the earthquake. A case study in the Xishanpo gully is presented; the debris flow from which caused a thick accumulation in the already devastated city of Beichuan. It is concluded that the whole of the area shaken by the Wenchuan Earthquake is now more susceptible to debris flows, which may be initiated by localized heavy rainfall. Care must be taken to properly assess this new type of geo-hazard.
C1 [Tang, C.; Zhu, J.; Li, W. L.; Liang, J. T.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM tangc707@gmail.com
TC 285
Z9 373
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 68
IS 2
BP 187
EP 194
DI 10.1007/s10064-009-0201-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000265916000003
ER

PT J
AU Chang, M
   Tang, C
   Zhang, DD
   Ma, GC
AF Chang Ming
   Tang Chuan
   Zhang Dan-dan
   Ma Guo-chao
TI Debris flow susceptibility assessment using a probabilistic approach: A
   case study in the Longchi area, Sichuan province, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Landslide; Probability; Susceptibility assessment; Grey
   correlation
ID EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD;
   IMPACT
AB The Longchi area with the city of Dujiangyan, in the Sichuan province of China, is composed of Permian stone and diorites and Triassic sandstones and mudstones intercalated with slates. An abundance of loose co-seismic materials were present on the slopes after the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which in later years served as source material for rainfall-induced debris flows or shallow landslides. A total of 48 debris flows, all triggered by heavy rainfall on 13th August 2010, are described in this paper. Field investigation, supported by remote sensing image interpretation, was conducted to interpret the co-seismic landslides in the debris flow gullies. Specific characteristics of the study area such as slope, aspect, elevation, channel gradient, lithology, and gully density were selected for the evaluation of debris flow susceptibility. A score was given to all the debris flow gullies based on the probability of debris flow occurrence for the selected factors. In order to get the contribution of the different factors, principal component analyses were applied. A comprehensive score was obtained for the 48 debris flow gullies which enabled us to make a susceptibility map for debris flows with three classes. Twenty-two gullies have a high susceptibility, twenty gullies show a moderate susceptibility and six gullies have a low susceptibility for debris flows.
C1 [Chang Ming; Tang Chuan; Zhang Dan-dan; Ma Guo-chao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pre, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pre, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM changmxq@126.com; tangc707@gmail.com
TC 34
Z9 45
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUL
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1001
EP 1014
DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2747-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000339377000017
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, W
   Tang, C
   Van Asch, TWJ
   Chang, M
AF Zhou, Wei
   Tang, Chuan
   Van Asch, Th. W. J.
   Chang, Ming
TI A rapid method to identify the potential of debris flow development
   induced by rainfall in the catchments of the Wenchuan earthquake area
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Statistical model; Potential debris flow;
   Thresholds
ID HAZARD; TAIWAN; STREAM; MODELS; CHINA
AB In many mountainous areas, the limited space in the valley floors has created a need to construct temporary settlements in zones potentially exposed to debris flow hazards after a strong earthquake. Existing methods for the identification of debris flow catchments based on pre-earthquake catchment characteristics were not applicable. In the earthquake-affected zones, a rapid identification of catchments with a high hazard level for debris flows is then necessary, to provide information for future risk management. With the aim of assessing the potential of debris flow development in catchments in the Wenchuan earthquake area, a detailed analysis of the relationships between catchment morphology and the area of co-seismic rockfalls and rotational or translational landslides was carried out. This paper presents three empirical models to identify debris flow-prone catchments at a regional scale. One hundred and twenty-three catchments in the Wenchuan earthquake area were selected and investigated using high-resolution aerial photography to estimate the area of co-seismic rockfalls and rotational or translational landslides in the catchments. The statistical results show that debris flow-prone catchments have areas higher than 0.5 km(2), relief ratios which vary between 36.4 and 119.2 %, mean slopes which range between 25A degrees and 45A degrees, and a catchment relief larger than 0.5 km. But the debris flow catchments are more closely related to the catchment area and catchment relief than the relief ratio and mean slope. So the catchment area and catchment relief were selected as the key factors to establish the applicable identification models. The threshold for co-seismic landslides was defined in terms of areas of co-seismic landslides (A (L)), catchment area (A), catchment relief (H), and catchment area-relief ratio (A/H). A (L)-A, A (L)-H, and A (L)-(A/H) threshold models were constructed for debris flow-prone catchments in the Wenchuan earthquake area using the empirical data set of debris flow catchments. The validation suggests that the proposed models are suitable for identification of potential debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The empirical models are very simple, and the data necessary for the input are easily measurable topographic parameters and co-seismic landslides in a catchment. The approach may be applied to identify the potential debris flow in other earthquake areas due to simplicity and the very low cost-benefit rate, when adapting the threshold parameters according to new local conditions.
C1 [Zhou, Wei; Tang, Chuan; Van Asch, Th. W. J.; Chang, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Van Asch, Th. W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Utrecht, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Utrecht University
RP Zhou, W (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM chouvw@163.com
TC 32
Z9 39
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 5
BP 1243
EP 1259
DI 10.1007/s10346-015-0631-0
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000385174600028
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, RC
   He, K
   Hu, XW
   Cao, XC
   Xi, CJ
   Zhou, YH
   Gong, XQ
   Deng, L
AF Zhou, Ruichen
   He, Kun
   Hu, Xiewen
   Cao, Xichao
   Xi, Chuanjie
   Zhou, Yonghao
   Gong, Xueqiang
   Deng, Lin
TI Multi-temporal landslide inventory mapping after wildfire and
   implications for post-fire debris flow activity
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wildfire; Debris flow activity; Landslide; Spatiotemporal evolution;
   Remote sensing
ID OREGON COAST RANGE; VEGETATION RECOVERY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEDIMENT;
   FIRE; RAINFALL; EROSION; RUNOFF; CLASSIFICATION; INITIATION
AB Severe wildfires can alter vegetation and soil-hydraulic properties, increasing the likelihood of debris flows and landslides during post-fire rainstorms. However, the long-term impacts of wildfire on debris flow activity and landslides remain insufficiently examined, primarily due to the absence of multi-temporal mapping inventories that document both phenomena in burned areas. Therefore, investigating the spatial and temporal evolution of post-fire debris flow activity, along with its dynamic interactions with landslides and other potential controlling factors, is essential for effective post-fire hazard prevention and mitigation. Based on multi-temporal field investigations and multi-source remote sensing data, systematic inventories of landslides and debris flows were developed to quantify the spatiotemporal changes in post-fire debris flow activity and landslide sediment supply capacity from 2020 to 2023 following the 28 March 2020 Xiangjiao Fire in Muli County, China. The results indicate that post-fire debris flow activity increased until the second rainy season after the wildfire, then gradually decayed, with dominant mechanisms shifting from runoff erosion to channel-bed and landslide erosion. In contrast, the occurrence of post-fire landslides exhibited a lagged peak, with the landslide sediment supply capacity steadily increasing over the four-year period following fire. Most landslides occurred on steep, south-facing slopes and were characterized by small, shallow failure processes. Additionally, this study examined the dynamic impacts of fire severity, topography, and landslide materials on post-fire debris flow activity. In the early stages, basins with steeper slopes and higher fire severity exhibited higher debris flow activity, primarily driven by runoff erosion processes and minimally influenced by landslide materials. Over time, a strong spatial and temporal correlation emerged between debris flow activity and variations in landslide sediment supply capacity, indicating that sediment supply became the dominant factor in later stages. Consequently, basins with high landslide sediment supply potential may experience prolonged debris flow activity beyond initial expectations.
C1 [Zhou, Ruichen; He, Kun; Hu, Xiewen; Cao, Xichao; Xi, Chuanjie; Zhou, Yonghao; Gong, Xueqiang; Deng, Lin] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xiewen] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Engn Lab Combined Natl & Local Spatial Informat Te, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [He, Kun; Hu, Xiewen] Sichuan Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Ecol Mitigat, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP He, K (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.; He, K (corresponding author), Sichuan Prov Engn Technol Res Ctr Ecol Mitigat, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
EM hekun@swjtu.edu.cn
TC 7
Z9 8
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAR 27
PY 2025
VL 348
AR 107948
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107948
EA FEB 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001425396900001
ER

PT J
AU Yin, HQ
   Zhou, W
   Liu, RW
   Zhou, YP
   Chen, M
   Peng, ZQ
AF Yin, Huaqiang
   Zhou, Wei
   Liu, Renwen
   Zhou, Yaping
   Chen, Ming
   Peng, Zhangqiang
TI A multi-algorithm fusion approach for identifying post-earthquake
   rainfall-induced debris flow catchments
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Rainfall-induced debris flow; Debris flow hazard prediction;
   Multi-algorithm fusion; Machine learning; Catchment identification
ID 7.9 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HAZARD; EVENTS; FLOODS
AB Strong earthquakes can trigger large landslides, generating loose material that increases the long-term risk of debris flows. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused widespread slope instability, making the region a globally significant area for debris flow research under rainfall influence. This study proposes a multi-algorithm fusion model for rapid and accurate post-earthquake debris flow hazard identification. We created a dataset of 931 catchments in the Wenchuan seismic area, covering 30 variables across seven categories related to debris flow susceptibility. Key drivers of debris flow activity were identified through multicollinearity analysis and feature importance ranking. Three models-Linear Discriminant Analysis, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest-were developed and assessed using confusion matrices and Partial Dependence Plots to integrate geoscientific understanding. The results show that peak ground acceleration, distance to main faults, mean monsoon rainfall, mean normalized difference vegetation index, and coseismic landslide area are the primary controls on post-Wenchuan debris flows. Among the models, Random Forest performed best, achieving an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.96 and a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 0.80, outperforming traditional methods by over 10% and 50%, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of machine learning to improve both the accuracy and interpretability of debris flow prediction, moving beyond black box approaches. The findings provide a scientific basis for regional risk assessment and long-term disaster mitigation planning.
C1 [Yin, Huaqiang; Zhou, Wei; Liu, Renwen; Zhou, Yaping; Chen, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, Zhangqiang] Sichuan Shudu Geol Engn Invest Co Ltd, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Zhou, W (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM zhouwei2012@cdut.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD OCT 14
PY 2025
VL 84
IS 11
AR 491
DI 10.1007/s10064-025-04495-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001594798400004
ER

PT J
AU Yin, YP
   Wang, FW
   Sun, P
AF Yin, Yueping
   Wang, Fawu
   Sun, Ping
TI Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan,
   China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide; Landslide lake; Rapid and long runout
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M (s) = 8.0; epicenter located at 31.0A degrees N, 103.4A degrees E), with a focal depth of 19.0 km was triggered by the reactivation of the Longmenshan fault in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China on 12 May 2008. This earthquake directly caused more than 15,000 geohazards in the form of landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows which resulted in about 20,000 deaths. It also caused more than 10,000 potential geohazard sites, especially for rockfalls, reflecting the susceptibility of high and steep slopes in mountainous areas affected by the earthquake. Landslide occurrence on mountain ridges and peaks indicated that seismic shaking was amplified by mountainous topography. Thirty-three of the high-risk landslide lakes with landslide dam heights greater than 10 m were classified into four levels: extremely high risk, high risk, medium risk, and low risk. The levels were created by comprehensively analyzing the capacity of landslide lakes, the height of landslide dams, and the composition and structure of materials that blocked rivers. In the epicenter area which was 300 km long and 10 km wide along the main seismic fault, there were lots of landslides triggered by the earthquake, and these landslides have a common characteristic of a discontinuous but flat sliding surface. The failure surfaces can be classified into the following three types based on their overall shape: concave, convex, and terraced. Field evidences illustrated that the vertical component of ground shaking had a significant effect on both building collapse and landslide generation. The ground motion records show that the vertical acceleration is greater than the horizontal, and the acceleration must be larger than 1.0 g in some parts along the main seismic fault. Two landslides are discussed as high speed and long runout cases. One is the Chengxi landslide in Beichuan County, and the other is the Donghekou landslide in Qingchuan County. In each case, the runout process and its impact on people and property were analyzed. The Chengxi landslide killed 1,600 people and destroyed numerous houses. The Donghekou landslide is a complex landslide-debris flow with a long runout. The debris flow scoured the bank of the Qingjiang River for a length of 2,400 m and subsequently formed a landslide dam. This landslide buried seven villages and killed more than 400 people.
C1 [Wang, Fawu] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Res Ctr Landslides, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
   [Yin, Yueping] China Geol Survey, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
   [Sun, Ping] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 Kyoto University; China Geological Survey; China Geological Survey;
   Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Institute of Geomechanics,
   Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
RP Wang, FW (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Res Ctr Landslides, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
EM yyueping@mail.cgs.gov.cn; wangfw@landslide.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp;
   pingping511521@163.com
TC 699
Z9 805
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 6
IS 2
BP 139
EP 152
DI 10.1007/s10346-009-0148-5
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000266262300006
ER

PT J
AU Chen, M
   Tang, C
   Wang, XD
   Xiong, J
   Shi, QY
   Zhang, XZ
   Li, MW
   Luo, YT
   Tie, Y
   Feng, Q
AF Chen, Ming
   Tang, Chuan
   Wang, Xiaodi
   Xiong, Jiang
   Shi, Qingyun
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Li, Mingwei
   Luo, Yuting
   Tie, Yu
   Feng, Qiang
TI Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of
   post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas
SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Post-seismic landslide; Surface recovery; Evolution
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; VEGETATION RECOVERY; IMPACTS; EROSION; TOPOGRAPHY;
   HAZARDS; RUPTURE; PATTERN; SOIL
AB Catastrophic earthquakes that occur in mountainous areas always trigger a large number of co-seismic geohazards, which exerts a negative impact on the geological environment and the vegetation coverage. The violent destruction of vegetation and a large number of loose material sources caused by the Wenchuan earthquake led to a sharp drop in the rainfall threshold of the landslide and debris flow in the strong earthquake areas. The surface recovery of post-seismic landslides can indicate the active trend of landslides and debris flows, which is of significance to understand when the geohazard risk lasts after the Wenchuan earthquake. Existing studies on the long-term effect of the Wenchuan earthquake are mainly aimed at a large scale, detailed analysis of differences in the change of geohazard activities and vegetation recovery at a small scale is quite lacking in different regions. To fill this substantial knowledge gap, we selected three typical regions (Wenchuan region, Beichuan region and Qingping region) along the Wenchuan earthquake generated fault as the study area to investigate the temporal and spatial differentiation of surface recovery at post-seismic landslides. Firstly, we identified the multi-temporal active landslides based on NDVI data and quantified the changes in the active landslide area, and also analyzed the controlling factors of landslide activity. Afterwards the natural vegetation recovery at co-seismic landslide sites was analyzed. The results suggests that the strong earthquake causes more damage to hard rock areas than soft rock areas, and post-seismic landslides located in high and steep terrain are more likely to be reactivated, and the surface recovery rate is slower. The recovery rates of the average NDVI after the earthquake in the Wenchuan area, the Qingping area and the Beichuan area were 0.024/year, 0.033/year, and 0.037/year, respectively. The surface recovery rates at post-seismic landslides in different regions were affected by geological factors and climate. NDVI values at post-seismic landslides in the Wenchuan area, Qingping area and Beichuan area would almost return to the pre-earthquake level in 16 years, 12 years and 11 years after the earthquake.
C1 [Chen, Ming; Tang, Chuan; Xiong, Jiang; Shi, Qingyun; Zhang, Xianzheng; Li, Mingwei; Luo, Yuting; Tie, Yu; Feng, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Xiaodi] Sichuan Acad Environm Sci, Dept Ecol & Environm Sichuan Prov, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Chen, M; Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM chenminggeo@163.com; tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 41
Z9 43
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-9541
EI 1878-0512
PD SEP
PY 2021
VL 64
AR 101356
DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101356
EA JUN 2021
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000691767700004
ER

PT J
AU Ni, HY
   Tang, C
   Zheng, WM
   Xu, RG
   Tian, K
   Xu, W
AF Ni Huayong
   Tang Chuan
   Zheng Wanmo
   Xu Ruge
   Tian Kai
   Xu Wei
TI An Overview of Formation Mechanism and Disaster Characteristics of
   Post-seismic Debris Flows Triggered by Subsequent Rainstorms in Wenchuan
   Earthquake Extremely Stricken Areas
SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Post-seismic debris flow; Gully-type debris flow;
   Formation mechanism; Disaster characteristic
ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; RAINFALL INTENSITY; DURATION CONTROL; ALPINE
   MUDFLOWS; POSTEARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN; THRESHOLD; PROVINCE; HAZARDS; COUNTY
AB The Wenchuan earthquake induced large amounts of debris flows and catastrophic incidents triggered by subsequent rainstorms occurred frequently in the past 6 rainy seasons, and thus resulted in serious casualties, huge economic loss and long-term impact. In this paper, post-seismic debris flows distributed in 10 Wenchuan earthquake extremely stricken counties were verified and debris flow database consisting of 609 debris flows was established based on detailed investigation organized by Land and Resources Department of Sichuan Province. Combined with database and related studies, the impact of Wenchuan earthquake on debris flows was analyzed. And then variation of formation conditions including rainfall threshold and landform condition was analyzed by contrasting pre-seismic and post-seismic debris flows. Followed are some typical viewpoints on initiation mechanism of post-seismic debris flows. In the end of this paper, characteristics of post-seismic debris flows triggered by subsequent rainstorms were comprehensively summarized, such as regional group occurrence, high frequency, high viscosity, chain effect, huge dynamics, large scale and long duration. We hope this paper will be helpful in understanding the formation mechanism, disaster characteristics and prevention countermeasures of post-seismic debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake extremely stricken areas.
C1 [Ni Huayong; Tang Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ni Huayong; Zheng Wanmo; Xu Ruge; Tian Kai; Xu Wei] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Inst Geol & Mineral Resources, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological Survey
RP Ni, HY (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM nihuayong@126.com
TC 22
Z9 24
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1000-9515
EI 1755-6724
PD AUG
PY 2014
VL 88
IS 4
BP 1310
EP 1328
DI 10.1111/1755-6724.12290
SC Geology
UT WOS:000341580300026
ER

PT J
AU Yang, Y
   Tang, CX
   Cai, YH
   Tang, C
   Chen, M
   Huang, WL
   Liu, C
AF Yang, Yu
   Tang, Chenxiao
   Cai, Yinghua
   Tang, Chuan
   Chen, Ming
   Huang, Wenli
   Liu, Chang
TI Characteristics of Debris Flow Activities at Different Scales after the
   Disturbance of Strong Earthquakes-A Case Study of the Wenchuan
   Earthquake-Affected Area
SO WATER
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; debris flow activity; controlling factors;
   certainty factor; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
ID 13 AUGUST 2010; LANDSLIDES; THRESHOLD; IMPACT; CHINA
AB Of the catastrophic earthquakes over the past few decades, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered the greatest number of landslides and deposited a large amount of loose material on steep terrains and deep gullies, which was highly conducive to the occurrence of post-earthquake debris flows. It is of great importance to clarify the evolution of debris flow activity for hazard evaluation, prediction, and prevention after a strong earthquake, especially in the face of large debris flow hazards. We established a long-time span database consisting of 1668 debris flow events before and after the earthquake, with information including the occurrence time, location, and scale (small, medium, and large). In order to analyze how the environmental background before and after the earthquake controlled the debris flow activity, we examined various controlling factors, including the material source, topography (relative relief and slope degree), rainfall, normalized vegetation index, and lithology. After completing the analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of the debris flow events in the database, a 10 x 10 km grid was introduced to grade the controlling factors in ArcGIS. Based on the same grid, the density of debris flow events for each scale in different time periods was calculated and graded. We introduced the certainty factor to figure out the spatial-temporal relationships between debris flow activities at each scale and the controlling factors. The results can provide guidance on how to dynamically adjust our strategies for debris flow prevention after a strong earthquake. Lastly, Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to clarify the variation in the magnitude of the influence of controlling factors on the debris flow activities of different scales with time. This can provide a reference for the dynamic evaluation of debris flow hazards in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area.
C1 [Yang, Yu; Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Yu] Chengdu Geol Environm Monitoring Stn, Chengdu 610042, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Yu; Cai, Yinghua; Huang, Wenli] Zhaozhi Future Technol Chengdu Co Ltd, Chengdu 610096, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chenxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Chang] China Wanrong Construct Engn Co Ltd, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Tang, CX (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
EM c.tang@imde.ac.cn
TC 4
Z9 5
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-4441
PD FEB
PY 2023
VL 15
IS 4
AR 698
DI 10.3390/w15040698
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000942374200001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, W
   Wang, ZL
   Meng, MH
   Li, TT
   Guo, J
   Sun, D
   Qin, L
   Xu, XY
   Shen, XY
AF Zhang, Wen
   Wang, Zelin
   Meng, Minghui
   Li, Tiantao
   Guo, Jian
   Sun, Dong
   Qin, Liang
   Xu, Xiaoya
   Shen, Xiaoyu
TI Long-Term NDVI Trends and Vegetation Resilience in a Seismically Active
   Debris Flow Watershed: A Case Study from the Wenchuan Earthquake Zone
SO SUSTAINABILITY
DT Article
DE NDVI; spatiotemporal dynamics; vegetation recovery; trend analysis;
   geological hazards
ID RECOVERY; HAZARDS; AREAS; RIVER; HIT
AB Vegetation restoration in seismically active regions involves complex interactions between geological hazards and ecological processes. Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation recovery is critical for assessing disaster evolution, evaluating mitigation effectiveness, and guiding ecological resilience planning. This study investigates post-earthquake vegetation dynamics in the Chutou Gully watershed, located in the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake zone, using NDVI data from 2000 to 2022. Results reveal a sharp decline in vegetation cover following the earthquake, followed by a steady recovery trend, with NDVI values projected to return to pre-earthquake levels by 2030. Degradation was concentrated in debris flow channels, while more stable adjacent slopes exhibited stronger recovery. Over time, the area of poorly restored vegetation significantly declined, indicating increased ecosystem resilience. The findings highlight the need for site-specific ecological restoration strategies tailored to localized recovery conditions. This study provides valuable insights for disaster mitigation agencies, ecological planners, and local governments working in mountainous hazard-prone regions, and contributes to the long-term sustainability of ecosystems in disaster-prone areas.
C1 [Zhang, Wen] Minist Nat Resources, Technol Innovat Ctr Risk Prevent & Mitigat Geohaza, Chengdu 611734, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Wen] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Explorat Technol, Chengdu 611734, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Zelin; Li, Tiantao; Xu, Xiaoya; Shen, Xiaoyu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Meng, Minghui; Sun, Dong; Qin, Liang] Sichuan Geol Environm Survey & Res Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Jian] Panzhihua Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Panzhihua 617000, Peoples R China.
C3 Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; China
   Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Chengdu
   University of Technology; Panzhihua University
RP Wang, ZL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM zhangwen@mail.cgs.gov.cn; wjywcbl1@gmail.com; mengmh1990@foxmail.com;
   litiantao18@cdut.edu.cn; 17844627712@163.com; sundong2003@126.com;
   qinliang1988.good@163.com; 13881718927@163.com; 18599070257@163.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2071-1050
PD JUN 1
PY 2025
VL 17
IS 11
AR 5081
DI 10.3390/su17115081
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001506211900001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, JF
   You, Y
   Chen, XQ
   Chen, XZ
AF Liu, Jinfeng
   You, Yong
   Chen, Xiaoqing
   Chen, Xingzhang
TI Mitigation planning based on the prediction of river blocking by a
   typical large-scale debris flow in the Wenchuan earthquake area
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Disaster characteristics; Wenchuan earthquake;
   River-blocking prediction; Mitigation planning
ID SICHUAN PROVINCE; LANDSLIDES
AB Due to scale amplification resulting from the blocking-bursting process associated with landslide dams in debris flow catchments, many of large-scale debris flows that occurred as a result of the Wenchuan earthquake blocked the main rivers and resulted in catastrophic dam-breaking floods. To decrease the damage caused by dam-breaking floods, mitigation works should be applied in debris flow gullies. Currently, few studies focus on how to determine the key parameters concerning the scale of debris flows (i.e., peak discharge and total volume) that need to be controlled for mitigation planning considering downstream objects affected by the flow. The Xiaojia debris flow is described and analyzed as a typical large-scale case from the Yingxiu area. A back-calculation method and numerical simulation were proposed for mitigation planning in Xiaojia gully based on predictions of river blocking. First, the maximum peak flood discharge that did not endanger the town of Yingxiu was calculated. Then, the permissible blockage from a debris flow was determined based on the back-calculation of a dam-breaking flood. Finally, the scale of the largest permissible debris flow was obtained for use in mitigation plans based on numerical simulations. The calculations showed that the peak discharge of a flood that would not endanger Yingxiu should be < 1496.48 m(3)/s. Accordingly, based on the 1/3 and 1/2 breach modes, the permissible blocking height of a debris flow barrier dam should not exceed 43.09 and 31.64 m, respectively. The total volume and peak discharge of a single debris flow event should be controlled to not exceed 70.59 x 10(4) m(3) and 784.59 m(3)/s for the 1/3 breach mode and 45.21 x 10(4) m(3) and 551.77 m(3)/s for the 1/2 breach mode. Based on these determinations of the key debris flow parameters, the simulation results indicate that debris flow damage can be decreased to an acceptable level to ensure the safety of Yingxiu downstream by the implementation of two check dams in the downstream channel and a deposition works on the debris fan.
C1 [Liu, Jinfeng; You, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resources, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Southwest University of Science & Technology - China
RP Liu, JF (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM Liujf@imde.ac.cn
TC 27
Z9 28
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 5
BP 1231
EP 1242
DI 10.1007/s10346-015-0615-0
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000385174600027
ER

PT J
AU Chen, NS
   Zhang, Y
   Tian, SF
   Deng, MF
   Wang, T
   Liu, LH
   Liu, M
   Hu, GS
AF Chen, Ning-sheng
   Zhang, Yong
   Tian, Shu-feng
   Deng, Ming-feng
   Wang, Tao
   Liu, Li-hong
   Liu, Mei
   Hu, Gui-sheng
TI Effectiveness analysis of the prediction of regional debris flow
   susceptibility in post-earthquake and drought site
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Regional debris flow; Susceptibility; Prediction model; Wenchuan
   earthquake; Drought; Southwest China
ID ANTECEDENT EARTHQUAKES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; COMBINED IMPACTS;
   CALIFORNIA; INITIATION; CATCHMENT; SOIL
AB Debris-flow disasters occurred frequently after the M-w 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, China. Based on historical accounts of debris-flow disaster events, it found that debris flow occurrence is closely related to the impact of earthquakes and droughts, because earthquake-drought activities can increase the loose solid materials, which can transform into debris flows under the effect of rainstorms. Based on the analysis of historical earthquake activity (frequency, magnitude and location), drought indexes and the trend of climate change (amount of rainfall), a prediction method was established, and the regional debris flow susceptibility was predicted. Furthermore, in a debris flow-susceptible site, effective warning and monitoring are essential not only from an economic point of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. The advantages of the prediction and early monitoring include (1) the acquired results being sent to the central government for policy making; (2) lives and property in mountainous areas can be protected, such as the 570 residents in the Aizi valley, who evacuated successfully before debris flows in 2012; (3) guiding the government to identify the areas of disasters and the preparation for disaster prevention and mitigation, such as predicting disasters in high-risk areas in the period 2012-2017, helping the government to recognize the development trend of disasters; (4) the quantitative prediction of regional debris-flow susceptibility, such as after the Wenchuan earthquake, can promote scientific and sustainable development and socioeconomic planning in earthquake-struck areas.
C1 [Chen, Ning-sheng; Zhang, Yong; Tian, Shu-feng; Deng, Ming-feng; Wang, Tao; Liu, Li-hong; Liu, Mei; Hu, Gui-sheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yong; Tian, Shu-feng; Deng, Ming-feng; Liu, Mei] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 10049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM chennsh@imde.ac.cn; zhangyongcas@163.com; 244204217@qq.com;
   dmf@imde.ac.cn; wtwang@imde.ac.cn; 442934135@qq.com; lmeimei90@163.com;
   huguisheng@imde.ac.cn
TC 12
Z9 13
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD FEB
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 2
BP 329
EP 339
DI 10.1007/s11629-019-5684-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000512107000006
ER

PT J
AU Tian, SJ
   Zhang, J
   Shi, BB
   Zhang, SS
AF Tian, Shujun
   Zhang, Jing
   Shi, Benben
   Zhang, Shanshan
TI Evaluation of the benefits of facility for disaster mitigation based on
   the risk of debris flow
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Facility disaster mitigation; Benefit evaluation; Debris flow; Risk
   assessment
ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE HAZARD;
   VULNERABILITY; CHINA; FRAMEWORK; EXAMPLE; MODELS; IMPACT; AREA
AB Numerous collapses and landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake provide abundant loose materials for a large number of debris flows that occurred after the earthquake. Most of the check dams were silted or damaged by debris flow due to the increased volume of materials after the earthquake. Taking the debris flows in the Qinglin Basin in China as a case study, 43 sets of numerical simulations of debris flow with different probabilities of occurrence and different facility combinations were performed to obtain the submerged range, velocity, and mud depth of debris flow in the residential area. The total risk of the residential area is calculated on the basis of the risk of a single building according to the vulnerability of the property and population and combined with the depth and velocity of debris flow. According to the change in risk in the residential area under different facility combinations, a novel method of quantitative evaluation of the benefits of facilities for disaster mitigation based on risk reduction per unit height of facility (RRPH) has been proposed. According to the result of the analysis, the method can quantify the benefits of disaster reduction by different facilities, analyze whether existing facilities meet disaster mitigation goals, and determine the optimal facility height, facility combination, or existing facilities improvement and optimization scheme.
C1 [Tian, Shujun; Zhang, Jing; Shi, Benben; Zhang, Shanshan] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University of Science & Technology - China
RP Tian, SJ (corresponding author), Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM tsj19800702@163.com
TC 9
Z9 10
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JAN
PY 2022
VL 19
IS 1
BP 85
EP 97
DI 10.1007/s10346-021-01776-5
EA OCT 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000707690300001
ER

PT J
AU Luo, YH
   Zhang, Y
   Wang, YS
   He, Y
   Zhang, YY
   Cao, H
AF Luo, Yonghong
   Zhang, Yan
   Wang, Yunsheng
   He, Yuan
   Zhang, Yueyue
   Cao, Hong
TI A unique failure model for a landslide induced by the Wenchuan
   earthquake in the Liujiawan area, Qingchuan County, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Coseismic landslides; Unloading relaxation;
   Amplification effects; Soft-hard interbedding
ID GROUND MOTION; HANGING WALL; AMPLIFICATION; DISPLACEMENT; VELOCITY
AB The Wenchuan earthquake triggered many landslides in the Longmen Mountain area. Among them, landslide #1, which had a unique failure model, occurred in the Liujiawan area, Qingchuan County, and experienced two failure processes. First, the shallow surface phyllitic slate and slate generated coseismic landslides, and then, the outcropping dolomite generated another landslide accumulation process at the slope foot. Landslide deposits formed a two-stage accumulation platform with different lithologies, and this structure was extremely rare among large coseismic landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. The numerical simulation results verified the unique failure process of landslide #1. The study results are helpful in further understanding landslide disasters caused by strong earthquakes and the disaster formation process.
C1 [Luo, Yonghong; Zhang, Yan; Wang, Yunsheng; Zhang, Yueyue; Cao, Hong] Chendu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Environm Protec, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [He, Yuan] Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg Geol Environm Monit, Nanning 530000, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Zhang, Y (corresponding author), Chendu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Environm Protec, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM zhangyan2020@cdut.edu.cn
TC 15
Z9 20
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD DEC 20
PY 2021
VL 295
AR 106412
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106412
EA OCT 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000709553300002
ER

PT J
AU Bai, SB
   Wang, J
   Thiebes, B
   Cheng, C
   Chang, ZY
AF Bai, S. B.
   Wang, J.
   Thiebes, B.
   Cheng, C.
   Chang, Z. Y.
TI Susceptibility assessments of the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered
   landslides in Longnan using logistic regression
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Longnan; Landslide susceptibility; Logistic
   regression; China
ID HAZARD; GIS; MODELS; ISLAND
AB In this study a Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility assessment was carried out in the Longnan area in northwestern China using a GIS-based logistic regression model. This region has frequently been affected by landslides in the past, and was intensively affected by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake which received considerable international attention. The data used for this study consist of the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and a landslide pre-disposing factor database. Information regarding the landslide causative factors came from additional data sources, such as a digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30 x 30 m(2) resolution, orthophotos, geological and land-use maps, precipitation records, and information on peak ground acceleration data from the 2008 earthquake. The statistical analysis of the relationship between the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides and pre-disposing factors showed the great influence of lithological and topographical conditions on slope failures. The quality of susceptibility mapping was validated by splitting the study area into training and validation sections. The prediction capability analysis demonstrated that the landslide susceptibility map could be used for land planning as well as emergency planning by local authorities.
C1 [Bai, S. B.; Wang, J.; Thiebes, B.; Cheng, C.; Chang, Z. Y.] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Natl Educ Adm, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing Normal University
RP Bai, SB (corresponding author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Natl Educ Adm, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM shibiaobai21@163.com
TC 37
Z9 40
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD JAN
PY 2014
VL 71
IS 2
SI SI
BP 731
EP 743
DI 10.1007/s12665-013-2475-z
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000329996200021
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, YG
   Zhang, LM
AF Zhou, Yan-Guo
   Zhang, Limin
TI Special Issue "The geological and geotechnical hazards of the 2008
   Wenchuan earthquake, China: Part II"
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Editorial Material
ID SEISMIC DAMAGE; DEBRIS FLOW; DAMS
C1 [Zhou, Yan-Guo] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Geotech Engn, Dept Civil Engn, MOE Key Lab Soft Soils & Geoenvironm Engn, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Limin] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Zhejiang University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhou, YG (corresponding author), Zhejiang Univ, Inst Geotech Engn, Dept Civil Engn, MOE Key Lab Soft Soils & Geoenvironm Engn, Zijingang Campus,Anzhong Bldg B-404, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
EM qzking@zju.edu.cn; cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG 26
PY 2015
VL 194
SI SI
BP 1
EP 3
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.07.018
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000360416400001
ER

PT J
AU Yang, WT
   Qi, WW
   Zhou, JX
AF Yang, Wentao
   Qi, Wenwen
   Zhou, Jinxing
TI Decreased post-seismic landslides linked to vegetation recovery after
   the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Post-seismic landslide changes; Vegetation
   recovery; Co-seismic landslide sites
ID SOIL-EROSION; GEO-HAZARDS; IMPACTS; AREA; EPICENTER
AB Major mountain earthquakes could have long-term impacts on post-seismic landslide activities. Yet, we have limited understanding of the duration of these impacts due to a lack of long-term consistent observation. This study combines multi-year high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution remote sensing images collected before and after the 12 May 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake to investigate post-seismic landslide changes and vegetation recovery processes at landslide sites in the epicentral area. We found that the earthquake caused significant vegetation damage by triggering co-seismic landslides. Since that time, vegetation at these landslide sites has been continuously recovering, and the total post-seismic landslide area is decreasing concurrently. Post seismic vegetation recovery reflects and possibly promotes the decrease of post-seismic landslide activities. Our findings on post-seismic vegetation recovery at landslide sites indicate that the Wenchuan earthquake's impact on regional post-seismic landslide frequency may disappear within two decades after the major event.
C1 [Yang, Wentao; Zhou, Jinxing] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Wenwen] Beijing Twenty First Century Sci & Technol Dev Co, Beijing 100096, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Wentao; Zhou, Jinxing] Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab State Forestry Adm Soil & Water Conserv, Jianshui Res Stn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Wenwen] Twenty First Century Aerosp Technol Co Ltd, Beijing 100096, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Forestry University; Beijing Forestry University
RP Yang, WT; Zhou, JX (corresponding author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM yang_wentao@bjfu.edu.cn; zjx001@bjfu.edu.cn
TC 83
Z9 94
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1470-160X
EI 1872-7034
PD JUN
PY 2018
VL 89
BP 438
EP 444
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.12.006
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000430760900042
ER

PT J
AU Sun, T
   Deng, ZY
   Xu, ZX
   Wang, XK
AF Sun, Tong
   Deng, Zhiyuan
   Xu, Zexing
   Wang, Xiekang
TI Volume Estimation of Landslide Affected Soil Moisture Using TRIGRS: A
   Case Study of Longxi River Small Watershed in Wenchuan Earthquake Zone,
   China
SO WATER
DT Article
DE mountain river; slope-units; landslide volume; soil moisture
ID DEBRIS FLOW; DUJIANGYAN CITY; MODEL; SEDIMENT
AB After the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, geological hazards occurred frequently in the southwest mountainous watershed. Frequent landslide disasters provide abundant sediment supply for mountain torrent disasters. The estimation of the potential landslide volume is essential for the risk assessment of mountain torrent disasters. In this study, a method of calculation that combines TRIGRS and the slope-units for estimating the landslide volume of a small mountainous watershed has been established. TRIGRS analyzes the watershed landslide safety factor under rainfall conditions based on grid-cells. The slope-units extract the results and combine the empirical power law formula to calculate the potential landslide volume. In this paper, we use this method to assess the landslide volume of the Longxi river basin. The results show that the area and volume estimates of the landslides are consistent with the results observed from satellite images and field surveys. This method can be used to study the impact of sediment transport on mountain torrent disasters in the basin. With different moisture content conditions, the results show that the soil moisture content and slope angle significantly affect the distribution and volume of potential landslides in the watershed, giving rise to the uncertainty of the landslide estimation.
C1 [Sun, Tong; Deng, Zhiyuan; Xu, Zexing; Wang, Xiekang] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University
RP Wang, XK (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM suntong9711@163.com; dengzhiyuan2019@163.com; zexingxu@163.com;
   wangxiekang@scu.edu.cn
TC 4
Z9 5
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-4441
PD JAN
PY 2021
VL 13
IS 1
AR 71
DI 10.3390/w13010071
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000606396600001
ER

PT J
AU Lin, LX
   Chen, G
   Shi, W
   Jin, JC
   Wu, J
   Huang, FC
   Chong, Y
   Meng, Y
   Li, YJ
   Zhang, Y
AF Lin, Linxin
   Chen, Guan
   Shi, Wei
   Jin, Jiacheng
   Wu, Jie
   Huang, Fengchun
   Chong, Yan
   Meng, Yang
   Li, Yajun
   Zhang, Yi
TI Spatiotemporal Evolution Pattern and Driving Mechanisms of Landslides in
   the Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Region: A Case Study in the Bailong
   River Basin, China
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslide; evolution characteristics; state of activity; earthquake;
   rainfall; the Bailong River basin
ID RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SURFACE DEFORMATION; SHALLOW
   LANDSLIDES; INVENTORY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INITIATION; AREA; INTERFEROMETRY;
   CALIFORNIA
AB Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of landslides following a mega-earthquake at the catchment scale can lead to improved landslide hazard assessment and reduced related risk. However, little effort has been made to undertake such research in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected region, outside Sichuan Province, China. In this study, we used the Goulinping valley in the Bailong River basin in southern Gansu Province, China, as an example. By examining the multitemporal inventory, we revealed various characteristics of the spatiotemporal evolution of landslides over the past 13 years (2007-2020). We evaluated the activity of landslides using multisource remote-sensing technology, analyzed the driving mechanisms of landslides, and further quantified the contribution of landslide evolution to debris flow in the catchment. Our results indicate that the number of landslides increased by nearly six times from 2007 to 2020, and the total volume of landslides approximately doubled. The evolution of landslides in the catchment can be divided into three stages: the earthquake driving stage (2008), the coupled driving stage of earthquake and rainfall (2008-2017), and the rainfall driving stage (2017-present). Landslides in the upstream limestone area were responsive to earthquakes, while the middle-lower loess-phyllite-dominated reaches were mainly controlled by rainfall. Thus, the current landslides in the upstream region remain stable, and those in the mid-downstream are vigorous. Small landslides and mid-downstream slope erosion can rapidly provide abundant debris flow and reduce its threshold, leading to an increase in the frequency and scale of debris flow. This study lays the foundation for studying landslide mechanisms in the Bailong River basin or similar regions. It also aids in engineering management and landslide risk mitigation under seismic activity and climate change conditions.
C1 [Lin, Linxin; Chen, Guan; Jin, Jiacheng; Wu, Jie; Huang, Fengchun; Li, Yajun; Zhang, Yi] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Lin, Linxin; Chen, Guan; Shi, Wei; Jin, Jiacheng; Wu, Jie; Huang, Fengchun; Chong, Yan; Li, Yajun; Zhang, Yi] Lanzhou Univ, Technol & Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazards, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Guan; Li, Yajun; Zhang, Yi] Lanzhou Univ, Gansu Geohazards Field Observat & Res Stn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Wei; Chong, Yan] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Meng, Yang] Lanzhou Country Garden Sch, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou
   University
RP Chen, G (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.; Chen, G (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Technol & Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazards, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.; Chen, G (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Gansu Geohazards Field Observat & Res Stn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM linlx20@lzu.edu.cn; gchen@lzu.edu.cn; shiw19@lzu.edu.cn;
   jinjch21@lzu.edu.cn; wuj21@lzu.edu.cn; huangfch21@lzu.edu.cn;
   zhongy2018@lzu.edu.cn; mengyang@brightscholar.com; yajunli@lzu.edu.cn;
   zhangyigeo@lzu.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 9
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD MAY
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 10
AR 2339
DI 10.3390/rs14102339
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000801646000001
ER

PT J
AU Tang, YX
   Zhang, ZJ
   Wang, C
   Zhang, H
   Wu, F
   Zhang, B
   Liu, M
AF Tang, Yixian
   Zhang, Zhengjia
   Wang, Chao
   Zhang, Hong
   Wu, Fan
   Zhang, Bo
   Liu, Meng
TI The deformation analysis of Wenjiagou giant landslide by the distributed
   scatterer interferometry technique
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Wenjiagou landslide; InSAR; Distributed scatterer;
   Engineering measures
ID GROUND SUBSIDENCE; TANDEM-X; AREA
AB After the deadly Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, the Wenjiagou landslide produced steep topography, a narrow gully and abundant loose sediments; these factors have contributed to the high debris flow risk in the Wenjiagou area during subsequent rainy seasons. At least five debris flows have occurred in the Wenjiagou area between September 24, 2008, and September 18, 2010, which resulted in seven casualties and an economic loss of approximately 446 million RMB. To reduce the risk of debris flows and landslides, the Wenjiagou Valley Debris Flow Control Project (WVDFCP), which cost over 2 billion RMB, was carried out and completed in 2011. The control measures of the project effectively reduced the scale and damage of the following debris flows. In this paper, the recent deformation of the giant landslide and its effect on the WVDFCP are evaluated by applying a time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique based on distributed scatterers (DSs) to the Radardat-2 SAR data collected from June 2014 to September 2015. In addition, the experimental results show that most areas of the landslide are stable, with an average deformation rate of less than 5.0 mm/year. The results demonstrate that the control measures of the WVDFCP not only reduced the damage caused by the later debris flows but also contributed to the consolidation of the loose sediments in the Wenjiagou landslide area. The time-series InSAR technique based on the DSs of high-resolution SAR images is an important tool for deformation monitoring of earthquake-induced landslides.
C1 [Tang, Yixian; Zhang, Zhengjia; Wang, Chao; Zhang, Hong; Wu, Fan; Zhang, Bo; Liu, Meng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Zhengjia] China Univ Geosci, Fac Informat Engn, 388 Lumo Rd, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; China University of Geosciences
RP Zhang, ZJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
EM zhangzj155@126.com
TC 10
Z9 15
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD FEB
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 2
BP 347
EP 357
DI 10.1007/s10346-017-0917-5
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000423999700013
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YS
   Cheng, YL
   Yin, YP
   Lan, HX
   Wang, J
   Fu, XX
AF Zhang, Yongshuang
   Cheng, Yuliang
   Yin, Yueping
   Lan, Hengxing
   Wang, Jun
   Fu, Xiaoxiao
TI High-position debris flow: A long-term active geohazard after the
   Wenchuan earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE High-position debris flow; Wenchuan earthquake; Post-earthquake
   geohazard; Complex characteristics; Long-term activity
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL INTENSITY; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION
   CONTROL; ROCK AVALANCHE; RUNOUT; IMPACT
AB After the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, a special type of long-term active compounded geohazard, namely high-position debris flow, frequently occurred in the seismic area. 136 high-position debris flow gullies were recognized from the 796 active debris flow gullies to investigate distinctive characteristics of such debris flows in terms of their geomorphological conditions, spatial distribution and causal factors. They usually initiate at high steep slopes and have high mobility and long runout High-position debris flows have significantly larger magnitude and destructive force than those of common debris flows observed in the regions not affected by recent large earthquake. The high-position debris flows have been recognized as the most threatening geohazards among post-earthquake geological disasters in the Wenchuan earthquake region. Detailed investigation on 45 debris flows suggests three quantitative indices for recognizing the high-position debris flows: (i) the height difference between the material source and the debris flow exit or gully mouth should be larger than 350 m; (ii) the volume of source debris accumulation should be bigger than 1.0 x 10(6) m(3); and (iii) the gradient ratio of a debris flow channel should be steeper than 270 parts per thousand.. The spatial distribution of high-position debris flows was highly controlled by the seismogenic fault Due to the abundant loose materials caused by earthquake, the rainfall threshold triggering high-position debris flows was found to have decreased at least 36.4-63.7% when compared to the pre-earthquake one. Three disaster-forming models have been identified for the high-position debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake region. The long-term post-earthquake effect of high-position debris flow is becoming more concerned in the area of high intensity. The characteristics of long-term activity of high-position debris flows using a case study indicate a 15 years of extremely active period after a strong earthquake such as the Wenchuan one. A number of issues regarding the classification, investigation, runout prediction and controlling measures for high-position debris flow are discussed to provide insight into the foundation for high-position debris flow mitigation and its risk assessment. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Yongshuang; Fu, Xiaoxiao] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Yuliang; Wang, Jun] Sichuan Acad Geol Survey, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Yin, Yueping] China Geol Environm Monitoring Inst, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Lan, Hengxing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS
RP Zhang, YS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM zhys100@hotmail.com
TC 58
Z9 75
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT 8
PY 2014
VL 180
SI SI
BP 45
EP 54
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.05.014
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000344422700005
ER

PT J
AU Guo, XJ
   Li, Y
   Chen, XC
   Zhang, J
   Sun, YQ
AF Guo, Xiaojun
   Li, Yong
   Chen, Xingchang
   Zhang, Ju
   Sun, Yuqing
TI Variation of debris flow/flood formation conditions at the watershed
   scale in the Wenchuan Earthquake area
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; flood formation; Runoff condition; Rainfall threshold;
   Revegetation; Wenchuan Earthquake
AB A channelized debris flow/flood generally originates from initial gully erosion by superficial runoff that evolves rapidly into massive erosion of the channel bed. Knowledge of the formation conditions of such events is crucial for accurate forecasting, and determination of rainfall and runoff thresholds for such hazards is a primary concern following a strong earthquake. This work proposed a framework for debris flow/flood formation at the watershed scale in two watersheds (area: 2.4 and 32.4 km(2)) in the Wenchuan Earthquake area (China). The critical runoff and rainfall conditions required for debris flow/flood formation were simulated and their annual variations investigated. Ultimately, the runoff conditions required for debris flow/flood formation in the two studied watersheds were calculated on an annual basis and found to increase in time. Similarly, following consideration of three different rainfall types, critical rainfall conditions were proposed that also showed an increasing tendency. The increase of rainfall and runoff conditions for debris flow/flood formation is attributable to both the recovery of vegetation and the reduction of source materials. In comparison with actual monitored flow behaviors and previously proposed rainfall thresholds, the results showed strong consistency and high forecasting efficiency.
C1 [Guo, Xiaojun; Li, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Xiaojun] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xingchang; Zhang, Ju; Sun, Yuqing] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resource, Mianyang 621020, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan
   Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth
   Sciences (CETES), CAS; Southwest University of Science & Technology -
   China
RP Guo, XJ (corresponding author), CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM aaronguo@imde.ac.cn
TC 10
Z9 12
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUL
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 7
BP 2427
EP 2443
DI 10.1007/s10346-021-01644-2
EA MAR 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000625058300001
ER

PT J
AU You, Y
   Liu, JF
   Chen, XZ
   Pan, HL
AF You, Yong
   Liu, Jinfeng
   Chen, Xingzhang
   Pan, Huali
TI Debris flow formation conditions and optimal characteristics of drainage
   canal following Wenchuan earthquake
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Zhangjia gully; Debris flow hazards; Drainage
   canal; Optimal characteristics
AB The debris flow formation conditions changed after the Wenchuan earthquake. For studying the optimal characteristics of the drainage canal under the changed formation conditions, the Zhangjia gully in Beichuan County, a typical debris flow gully, was selected as the study area. Two debris flow events occurred on September 24, 2008 and July 17, 2009, respectively, which threatened the safety of the inhabitants and destroyed the properties and transportation routes on the alluvial fan. Huge amounts of solid loose materials triggered by the earthquake and the effective antecedent precipitation were responsible for the debris flow occurrence. For eliminating the damage caused by debris flows, the construction of a drainage canal on the alluvial fan became necessary. A design method for the optimal cross-section characteristics of a debris flow drainage canal is discussed in this paper. Using the standard measurements for the depth (h) and the width (b), the cross-section size parameter (F) and the cross-section configuration parameter (M) under optimal hydraulic conditions are defined and deduced. Subsequently, formulas for calculating the cross-section measurements are deduced under optimal hydraulic conditions when peak discharge (Q), grain composition (D-50 and D-10), and longitudinal slope (I) are known. Finally, this method is applied for the cross-section design of the debris flow drainage canal in Zhangjia gully.
C1 [You, Yong; Liu, Jinfeng; Pan, Huali] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xingzhang] SW Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resource, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Southwest University of Science & Technology - China
RP You, Y (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yyong@imde.ac.cn
TC 9
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 65
IS 4
SI SI
BP 1005
EP 1012
DI 10.1007/s12665-011-1024-x
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000299840100006
ER

PT J
AU Ding, Y
   Dang, C
   Yuan, GX
   Wang, QC
AF Ding, Yu
   Dang, Chao
   Yuan, Guangxiang
   Wang, Quancai
TI Characteristics and remediation of a landslide complex triggered by the
   2008 Wenchuan, China earthquake-case from Yingxiu near the earthquake
   epicenter
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide complex; Minjiang River; Potential
   failure; Remedial measures
ID LOMA-PRIETA; NORTHRIDGE
AB During the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the river valley from Yingxiu to Wenchuan experienced numerous landslides and became a prominent area of landslide complexes. The present large landslide complex near the earthquake epicenter consisted of Laohuzui slide 1, Laohuzui slide 2 and Douyaping slide. The scale, geology, morphology, sliding process, and failure mechanism of the landslide complex are analyzed by means of field investigation, aerial photograph and stereographic projection technique. Characteristics of these three slides including seismic response of slope, landslide debris, damage and potential failure are discussed: the convex slope and the upslope of fractured granitic rock at high altitude are highly prone to landsliding under earthquake; the high source altitude and long travel path determine grain sizes and the deposit angle of the slide debris; the landslide complex completely buries the G213 roadway and dams up the Minjiang River in these sections; after the earthquake, rainfall, aftershocks and river erosion may retrigger new failures, such as retrogressive slide of weathered fractured rock, colluvial landslide, debris flow, embankment failure and rockfall. The following are presented as suggested remedial measures to protect the roadway and stabilize the slope: the removing and trenching, protective concrete/rock blocks against erosion, retaining structure, rockfall stopping wall, rockfall restraining net, rock bolt, and the planting of vegetation.
C1 [Ding, Yu; Dang, Chao] Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Ding, Yu; Dang, Chao] Three Gorges Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geol Hazards Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Yuan, Guangxiang] N China Univ Water Conservancy & Hydroelect Power, Inst Resources & Environm, Zhengzhou 450011, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Quancai] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 China Three Gorges University; China Three Gorges University; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Ding, Y (corresponding author), Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
EM thirdding@163.com
TC 19
Z9 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD SEP
PY 2012
VL 67
IS 1
BP 161
EP 173
DI 10.1007/s12665-011-1489-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000307406800015
ER

PT J
AU Tang, C
   van Asch, TWJ
   Chang, M
   Chen, GQ
   Zhao, XH
   Huang, XC
AF Tang, C.
   van Asch, T. W. J.
   Chang, M.
   Chen, G. Q.
   Zhao, X. H.
   Huang, X. C.
TI Catastrophic debris flows on 13 August 2010 in the Qingping area,
   southwestern China: The combined effects of a strong earthquake and
   subsequent rainstorms
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Heavy rainfall; Co-seismic landslides; Qingping area;
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT;
   SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION CONTROL; INTENSITY; MOBILIZATION;
   THRESHOLDS; AVALANCHE; IMPACTS
AB In the Wenchuan area in SW China, an abundance of loose co-seismic landslide debris was present on the slopes after the Wenchuan earthquake, which in later years served as source material for rainfall-induced debris flows or shallow landslides. Slopes composed of Cambrian sandstones and siltstones intercalated with slates appeared to be most susceptible to co-seismic landsliding. A total of 20 debris flows are described in this paper; all were triggered by heavy rainfall on 13th of August 2010. Field reconnaissance and measurements, supported by aerial photo interpretation, were conducted to identify the locations and morphological characteristics of the debris flow gullies in order to obtain information about surface area and volume of landslides and the debris flows. The debris flows in the study area were initiated by two processes: a) run-off erosion on co-seismic landslide material, and concentrated erosion of landslide debris in steep channels: b) new landslides that transform into debris flows. The volume of debris flow deposits on individual fans varies by many orders of magnitude. The smallest deposit has a volume of from 5760 to 3.1 million m(3). A comparison of the measured volumes, deposited on the fan with the volumes of debris stored in the catchment shows the huge potential for future debris flow activity. Whilst there is a weakly significant positive correlation between these two volumes, no significant statistical correlation could be established between volumes of debris flow deposits and other morphometric parameters of the catchment.
   A catastrophic debris flow catchment (the Wenjia catchment) was selected as an extreme case to show in detail the mechanism of debris flow formation as a result of intensive erosion in loose material, which was deposited by a rock avalanche during the 2008 Earthquake event. Analyses of the meteorological conditions that triggered these debris flows show one day antecedent precipitation varying between 67.7 and 137.6 mm, with a mean rainfall intensity of about 7.3 to 22.5 mm/h. A rainfall event with peak intensity of 38.7 mm/h triggered the largest debris flow event. Rainfall data related to five debris flow events in the Wenjia torrent was used to establish a primary rainfall intensity-duration relationship for the triggering of debris flows, which was compared to other rainfall duration thresholds from other parts of the world. In the discussion emphasis is laid on the need to unravel the process mechanisms which initiated the debris flows for a better understanding and assessment of meteorological thresholds. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tang, C.; Chang, M.; Zhao, X. H.; Huang, X. C.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 650023, Peoples R China.
   [van Asch, T. W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.
   [Chen, G. Q.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Nishi Ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Utrecht University; Kyushu University
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 650023, Peoples R China.
EM tangc707@gmail.com
TC 231
Z9 270
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD FEB 15
PY 2012
VL 139
BP 559
EP 576
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.021
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000301158100046
ER

PT J
AU Guo, DP
   Hamada, M
   He, C
   Wang, YF
   Zou, YL
AF Guo, Deping
   Hamada, Masanori
   He, Chuan
   Wang, Yufeng
   Zou, Yulin
TI An empirical model for landslide travel distance prediction in Wenchuan
   earthquake area
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Travel distance prediction; Statistical analysis; Influential
   factors; Wenchuan earthquake
ID RAPID LANDSLIDES; FLOW; MOBILITY; PRESSURE; DAMAGE; ANGLE
AB Sliding mass of landslides highly endangered the area along travel path, especially landslides with long travel distance. It is necessary to develop an effective prediction model for preliminarily evaluating landslide travel distance so as to improve disaster prevention and relocation. This paper collected 54 landslides with 347-4,170 m travel distance triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake to discuss the effectiveness of various influential factors on landslide travel distance and obtained an empirical model for its prediction. The results revealed that rock type, sliding source volume, and slope transition angle were the predominant factors on landslide travel distance. The validity of proposed model was verified by the satisfactory agreement between observations and predictions. Therefore, this model might be practically applicable in Wenchuan earthquake area and other similar geomorphological and geological regions.
C1 [Guo, Deping; He, Chuan; Zou, Yulin] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Key Lab Transportat Tunnel Engn, Minist Educ, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Deping; Hamada, Masanori] Waseda Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan.
   [Wang, Yufeng] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Waseda University; Southwest Jiaotong
   University
RP Guo, DP (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Key Lab Transportat Tunnel Engn, Minist Educ, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM guodeping99@gmail.com
TC 69
Z9 86
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 2
BP 281
EP 291
DI 10.1007/s10346-013-0444-y
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000334178200007
ER

PT J
AU Chang, M
   Luo, CP
   Wu, BB
   Xiang, LL
AF Chang, Ming
   Luo, Chaopeng
   Wu, Binbin
   Xiang, Lanlan
TI Catastrophe process of outburst debris flow triggered by the landslide
   dam failure
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
DT Article
DE Outburst debris flow; Numerical simulation; Flow amplification effect;
   Obstructive coefficient
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN PROVINCE; PREDICTION; MODEL
AB Strong earthquakes can induce large amounts of loose solid materials, forming landslide dams and blocking narrow flow channels. Under extreme rainfall conditions, instability can lead to an outburst of debris flow once the landslide dam has formed it. On July 10, 2013, a volume of 4.5 x 10(4) m(3) of debris flow occurred in the Yangling gully, Wenchuan County, China. This event can be categorized as an outburst of the debris flow that might seriously threaten valley residents, existing sediment transport countermeasure works, and road infrastructures. This paper describes a typical outburst of debris flow, calculates its obstructive coefficient, simulates the process under various recurrence intervals, and analyzes the efficacy of a new mitigation project.
   Related research results have laid the foundation for further study of the risk assessment and early warning of debris flow due to landslide dam failure. In this paper, an accurate computational model for the obstructive coefficient, closely related to the flow amplification effect, is established based on a dam break's physical experiments. Combined with the numerical calculation method, the movement process of the Yangling gully was simulated under the old artificial dam and the flow channel engineering conditions. By comparing the measured and the simulated accumulation area, the verification results illustrate that the accumulation area considering the obstructive coefficient model is closer to the measured value. Based on the obstructive coefficient computational model, the results illustrate the outburst of debris flow discharge for various recurrence intervals (50, 100, and 200 years respectively) to perform scenario simulations of Yangling gully under the new mitigation project conditions.
C1 [Chang, Ming; Luo, Chaopeng; Wu, Binbin; Xiang, Lanlan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab GeoHazard Prevent & GeoEnvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Chang, M (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab GeoHazard Prevent & GeoEnvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM changming15@cdut.edu.cn
TC 14
Z9 16
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
PD JUN
PY 2022
VL 609
AR 127729
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127729
EA MAR 2022
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000790530300003
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, W
   Fang, JY
   Tang, C
   Yang, GY
AF Zhou, Wei
   Fang, Jiaoyong
   Tang, Chuan
   Yang, Genyun
TI Empirical relationships for the estimation of debris flow runout
   distances on depositional fans in the Wenchuan earthquake zone
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
DT Article
DE Channelized debris flow; Runout distance; Wenchuan earthquake;
   Regression analysis; Depositional fan
ID SICHUAN PROVINCE; ENTRAINMENT; MODEL; FIELD; AREA; LANDSLIDES;
   INITIATION; PREDICTION; CATCHMENT; SUSCEPTIBILITY
AB The Wenchuan area has become highly susceptible to landslides and debris flows since the earthquake occurred on 2008. A detailed debris flow hazard assessment is necessary to provide information for future risk management. Debris flow runout on a depositional fan is an important factor for assessing debris flow hazard, and its estimate becomes essential for the planning of the mitigation works that must be built. We therefore developed two simple empirical relationships based both on univariate and multivariate approaches, which provide the runout distance using the data for 134 channelized debris flow events in 134 catchments in the Wenchuan earthquake zone. We generated a correlation matrix of the debris flow runout distances and the relevant variables. Because of the high correlations, the independent variable debris flow volume (V-D) was selected for the univariate approach. Using a multicollinearity analysis and a stepwise regression technique, the catchment (basin) internal relief (H), and V-D were used to develop a multivariate runout relationship. The coefficients of the variables were obtained using 80% of the dataset (training dataset); the remaining 20% was used for test of estimated performance by comparing the computed runout distances with observed values. The validation demonstrated that the proposed relationships are suitable for estimating the runout distances of debris flows on depositional fans in the Wenchuan earthquake zone. The univariate runout relationship has the advantage of being simple, whereas the multivariate runout relationship provides higher accuracy. Additionally we rearranged and reformulated existing relationships using the same training dataset and compared the results with those from the relationships here proposed. The estimations provided by our relationships were the closest to the observed values. The presented approaches may be applied to estimate debris flow runout distances in other areas after they are retrained using local datasets.
C1 [Zhou, Wei; Fang, Jiaoyong; Tang, Chuan; Yang, Genyun] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Zhou, W (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM zhouwei2012@cdut.cn
TC 29
Z9 35
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
EI 1879-2707
PD OCT
PY 2019
VL 577
AR 123932
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123932
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000488304300019
ER

PT J
AU Guo, XJ
   Cui, P
   Li, Y
   Liu, JF
   Ge, YG
   Wang, CD
AF Guo Xiao-jun
   Cui Peng
   Li Yong
   Liu Jin-feng
   Ge Yong-gang
   Wang Ci-de
TI Evaluation of a traditional method for peak flow discharge estimation
   for floods in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Sichuan Province, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Rainfall; Runoff yield; Influx; Peak discharge; Wenchuan Earthquake area
ID DEBRIS-FLOW; HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; PART 1;
   PREDICTION; LANDSLIDE; TORRENT
AB Peak discharge of flood in small mountainous watershed is usually calculated using the Rainstorm-runoff calculation method in small watersheds in Sichuan Province (RRM). This study evaluated the RRM calculation using real-time monitored rainfall and hydrologic data from a small watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake area of Sichuan Province, China. The results indicated that the discharge values given by the RRM are commonly overestimating the measured discharge. The overestimation rate was discussed and empirical equations were proposed for improving RRM estimations, based on the relationship between calculated and measured discharge values at different watershed scales (2, 30, and 40 km(2)), under different rainfall probabilities (0.97-0.5, 0.5-0.2, and 0.2-0.002), and for different rainfall durations (0-6, 6-24, and >24 h). The results of this study help contribute to the understanding of water floods formation and help provide more accurate estimations of peak flow discharge in small watersheds in the Wenchuan Earthquake area.
C1 [Guo Xiao-jun; Cui Peng; Li Yong; Liu Jin-feng; Ge Yong-gang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Cui Peng; Ge Yong-gang] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Ci-de] Aba Hydrol & Water Resources Survey Bur Sichuan P, Wenchuan 623000, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan
   Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth
   Sciences (CETES), CAS
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM aaronguo@imde.ac.cn; pengcui@imde.ac.cn; ylie@imde.ac.cn;
   liujf@imde.ac.cn; gyg@imde.ac.cn; 346647068@qq.com
TC 6
Z9 6
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAR
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 3
BP 641
EP 656
DI 10.1007/s11629-018-4983-5
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000460754100012
ER

PT J
AU Li, P
   Hu, KH
   Ning, L
AF Li, Pu
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Ning, Lan
TI Mechanisms of debris-flow volume growth by eroding highly-consolidated
   landslide dams
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Volume increasing; Highly-consolidated landslide dams;
   Entrainment mechanism; Erosional narrowing
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FAILURES; EROSION; AREA
AB Erosion of landslide dams by a natural debris flow as it travels down a sloping channel can dramatically increase flow size and destructive potential. Most research on the erosion of landslide dams focuses on those newly formed due to recent earthquakes or heavy rainfall. In this study, the debris-flow erosion of so-called highly-consolidated landslide dams (HCLDs) that are typically remnants of ancient earthquakes or rainfall events is investigated by using satellite image interpretation, field measurements, and mechanism analysis. Several HCLDs were identified in two catchments in Zhouqu and Ganluo counties in Gansu and Sichuan province, China, where two high-magnitude debris-flow events occurred in 2010 and 2020, respectively. The existence of HCLDs resulting in wide and narrow reaches alternatively alters the boundary conditions of debris flows and significantly affects the flow erosion and deposition processes. It is observed that the flow discharge increased notably after passing through or during narrowing sections of the channels and the estimated discharge amplification coefficients are approximately 3.3 and 2.7, respectively. The two cases demonstrate that rapid erosion through narrowing sections and subsequent headward erosion play a key role in the debris-flow volume growth by eroding HCLDs. Additionally, other mechanisms such as deposition of erodible material upstream of the dam, localized vortexes in converging and diverging sections, and collisional stresses within the debris flows can further contribute to the erosion of HCLDs and the amplification of debris-flow magnitude. Recognizing these hazardous effects of HCLDs on increasing debris-flow volume is helpful for making non-structural and engineering countermeasures against similar debris flow disasters. (c) 2025 International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
C1 [Li, Pu; Hu, Kaiheng; Ning, Lan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Ning, Lan] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
EM khhu@imde.ac.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU KEAI PUBLISHING LTD
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, Building 5, Room 411, BEIJING, DONGCHENG
   DISTRICT 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1001-6279
EI 2589-7284
PD APR
PY 2025
VL 40
IS 2
BP 222
EP 240
DI 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.01.001
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:001471043700001
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZQ
   Zhao, XG
   Chen, M
   Zhang, J
   Yang, Y
   Chen, WT
   Bai, XF
   Wang, MM
   Wu, Q
AF Yang, Zhiquan
   Zhao, Xuguang
   Chen, Mao
   Zhang, Jie
   Yang, Yi
   Chen, Wentao
   Bai, Xianfu
   Wang, Miaomiao
   Wu, Qi
TI Characteristics, Dynamic Analyses and Hazard Assessment of Debris Flows
   in Niumiangou Valley of Wenchuan County
SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
DT Article
DE Niumiangou valley; debris flow; dynamic analysis; hazard evaluation;
   formation characteristics
ID WESTERN SICHUAN BASIN; MOUNTAIN THRUST BELT; EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE
AB Niumiangou valley, the epicenter of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (MS 8.0), became an area with frequent and dense debris flow disasters post-earthquake. Based on the in situ investigations after the earthquake on 14 August 2010 and a series of gathered data, characteristics and dynamic analyses of post-earthquake debris flows in Niumiangou valley were conducted, and then their hazard degree was assessed. Some research conclusions are obtained: (1) these post-earthquake debris flows have some typical characteristics, such as rainstorm viscous-type debris flow, happening usually between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m., broken out in the main channel as well as six branch gullies at the same time and also induced in the branches with good vegetation; (2) the dynamic parameters of Niumiangou debris flow (including volumetric weight, velocity, peak discharge, impact force, total amount of debris flow, total amount of solid materials washed out by single debris flow, maximum height of the debris flow rises and super elevation in bend) are relatively significant, and due to which it can be indicated that these debris flow disasters have great destructive power and harmfulness; (3) the hazard degree of debris flow in Niumiangou valley is very high, compared with the debris flows that occurred in the years of 2008 and 2013 in Niumiangou valley post-Wenchuan earthquake, and the comparison result shows that the hazard degree of debris flow in Niumiangou valley is relatively higher, which is consistent with the current situation. Therefore, according to these results, debris flows in Niumiangou valley are in the development phase and large-scale rainfall-induced debris flow disasters, with greater damage and stronger wallop, will easily occur in the rainy seasons of the 20 years after the earthquake.
C1 [Yang, Zhiquan; Zhao, Xuguang; Yang, Yi; Chen, Wentao; Wang, Miaomiao; Wu, Qi] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Publ Safety & Emergency Management, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan; Zhao, Xuguang; Yang, Yi; Wang, Miaomiao; Wu, Qi] Key Lab Geol Disaster Risk Prevent & Control & Eme, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan; Zhao, Xuguang; Yang, Yi; Wang, Miaomiao; Wu, Qi] Key Lab Early Rapid Identificat Prevent & Control, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Mao] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Mech, Kunming 650500, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Jie] Yunnan Inst Geol Environm Monitoring, Kunming 650216, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Wentao] China Occupat Safety & Hlth Assoc, Beijing 100011, Peoples R China.
   [Bai, Xianfu] Yunnan Earthquake Agcy, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China.
C3 Kunming University of Science & Technology; Kunming University of
   Science & Technology; China Earthquake Administration; Yunnan Earthquake
   Agency, CEA
RP Yang, Y; Chen, WT (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Publ Safety & Emergency Management, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.; Yang, Y (corresponding author), Key Lab Geol Disaster Risk Prevent & Control & Eme, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.; Yang, Y (corresponding author), Key Lab Early Rapid Identificat Prevent & Control, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.; Zhang, J (corresponding author), Yunnan Inst Geol Environm Monitoring, Kunming 650216, Peoples R China.; Chen, WT (corresponding author), China Occupat Safety & Hlth Assoc, Beijing 100011, Peoples R China.
EM ynsghszj@163.com; kggtyy@163.com; cwt123@vip.sina.com
TC 43
Z9 44
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2076-3417
PD JAN
PY 2023
VL 13
IS 2
AR 1161
DI 10.3390/app13021161
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
UT WOS:000950644500001
ER

PT J
AU Tian, M
   Li, LH
   Xiong, ZM
AF Tian, Mi
   Li, Lihua
   Xiong, Zimin
TI A data-driven method for predicting debris-flow runout zones by
   integrating multivariate adaptive regression splines and Akaike
   information criterion
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Hazard assessment; Runout zones; Multivariate adaptive
   regression splines; Akaike information criterion
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; FIELD; EXCAVATIONS; LANDSLIDES; SIMULATION;
   DISTANCES; RAINFALL; MOBILITY; VOLUME
AB Debris-flow runout zones are important parameters for delineation of endangered areas and design of mitigation works. It is necessary to properly determine the debris-flow runout for hazard assessment and control measures design. Many empirical-statistical correlations have related runout characteristics (e.g., runout distance) to debris-flow volume or topographical parameters. However, the predictability of empirical-statistical models is always questionable due to the great randomness of debris flows and assumption of inputs and functional relationships prior to analysis. This paper develops a data-driven method to predict the debris-flow runout by integrating multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) without assumption of input parameters and specific function relationships. The debris-flow volume and topographical parameters (e.g., catchment internal relief) are investigated as candidate inputs to train MARS models for estimating the runout characteristics of debris flows. Then, the most appropriate inputs and MARS models for debris-flow runout are identified by AIC. The proposed approaches are illustrated using channelized debris-flow data in Wenchuan earthquake zone. Results showed that the developed method can select the most appropriate MARS models for the debris-flow runout zones in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area. The developed MARS models portray the regression relationships entirely "driven" from the training data and provide objective and explicit relationships of debris-flow runout zones. Compared with the previous empirical correlations in Wenchuan area, the proposed MARS models have higher prediction accuracy. Even for extreme debris-flow events, the MARS models also show satisfactory accuracy.
C1 [Tian, Mi; Li, Lihua; Xiong, Zimin] Hubei Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn Architecture & Environm, 28 Nanli Rd, Wuhan 430068, Peoples R China.
C3 Hubei University of Technology
RP Tian, M (corresponding author), Hubei Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn Architecture & Environm, 28 Nanli Rd, Wuhan 430068, Peoples R China.
EM mitian0525@gmail.com
TC 7
Z9 7
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUN
PY 2022
VL 81
IS 6
AR 222
DI 10.1007/s10064-022-02701-3
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000790788500001
ER

PT J
AU Domènech, G
   Fan, XM
   Scaringi, G
   van Asch, TWJ
   Xu, Q
   Huang, RQ
   Hales, TC
AF Domenech, Guillem
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   van Asch, Theo W. J.
   Xu, Qiang
   Huang, Runqiu
   Hales, Tristram C.
TI Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and
   revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan
   earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow evolution; Material depletion; Grain coarsening;
   Revegetation; Rainfall thresholds; Wenchuan earthquake
ID INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLD; RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; LOOSE
   GRANULAR DEPOSITS; SOIL-EROSION MODEL; ROOT REINFORCEMENT; INITIATION;
   EVOLUTION; IMPACT; RUNOUT; ENTRAINMENT
AB A large amount of debris was generated by the co-seismic mass wasting associated with the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. The abundance of this loose material along the slopes caused more frequent debris flows, triggered by less intense and/or shorter rainfalls. However, both the triggering rainfall and the debris flow frequency seem to have normalised progressively during the past decade. Although changes of rainfall thresholds for post-seismic debris flows were recorded after several major earthquakes, the factors controlling these changes remain poorly constrained. With the aid of a virtual experiment, we investigate the roles of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation of the co-seismic debris on the propagation and deposition of debris flows initiated by runoff, as well as their influence on the triggering rainfall thresholds. We employ a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based simulation of debris flow initiation by runoff erosion, which we first calibrate on the 14th August 2010 Hongchun gully event that occurred near the Wenchuan earthquake epicentre. We obtain, by investigating each of the aforementioned processes, changing critical rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for given debris flow runout distances. Grain coarsening appears to play a major role, which is consistent with published laboratory experiments, while material depletion and revegetation do not seem able to account alone for the actual quick decay of debris flow frequency. While the virtual experiment has proven useful in identifying the first-order controls on this decay, model improvements and verification over multiple catchments are needed to make the results useful in hazard assessments.
C1 [Scaringi, Gianvito] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Hydrogeol Engn Geol & Appl Geophys, Fac Sci, Prague 12843, Czech Republic.
   [Domenech, Guillem; Fan, Xuanmei; Scaringi, Gianvito; van Asch, Theo W. J.; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [van Asch, Theo W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.
   [Hales, Tristram C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Sustainable Pl Res Inst, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales.
C3 Charles University Prague; Chengdu University of Technology; Utrecht
   University; Cardiff University
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 95
Z9 99
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD FEB 21
PY 2019
VL 250
BP 34
EP 44
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.01.010
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000461404500004
ER

PT J
AU Chen, JG
   Chen, XQ
   Wang, T
   Zou, YH
   Zhong, W
AF Chen Jian-gang
   Chen Xiao-qing
   Wang Tao
   Zou Yu-hua
   Zhong Wei
TI Types and Causes of Debris Flow Damage to Drainage Channels in the
   Wenchuan Earthquake Area
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Drainage channel; Damage type; Wenchuan earthquake;
   Geological disaster
ID 13 AUGUST 2010; MOBILIZATION; LANDSLIDES; ZHOUQU
AB Debris flows are among the most common geological disasters in China, and have been particularly frequent in Sichuan Province since the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008. The construction of debris flow drainage channels is a countermeasure used to distribute debris flow fans, and these channels play a critical role in the mitigation and prevention of damage resulting from debris flows. Under field conditions, the useful life of drainage channels can be greatly shortened as a result of strong abrasions to the drainage structure caused by the debris flow. Field investigations have shown that the types of damage to drainage channels include (a) erosion caused by hyper-concentrated silt flow, (b) impact fractures and foundation scour at the ground-sills of the drainage channel, (c) destruction of the drainage channel outlet, and (d) destruction of the drainage channel caused by debris flow abrasion. In addition, based on the destruction of the drainage channel during the debris flow drainage process, a new type of drainage channel with energy dissipation components was proposed and applied in a steep, narrow gully for debris flow mitigation. Moreover, design and engineering repair recommendations for drainage channels are provided as a reference for repairing the damage to the channel. The results can provide an important reference for the effective repair and optimal design of drainage channels.
C1 [Chen Jian-gang; Chen Xiao-qing; Wang Tao; Zou Yu-hua; Zhong Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Jian-gang; Chen Xiao-qing; Wang Tao; Zou Yu-hua; Zhong Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Jian-gang; Chen Xiao-qing; Wang Tao; Zou Yu-hua; Zhong Wei] Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Chen, XQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM chenjg@imde.ac.cn; xqchen@imde.ac.cn
TC 21
Z9 30
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD NOV
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 6
BP 1406
EP 1419
DI 10.1007/s11629-014-3045-x
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000345621100004
ER

PT J
AU Cui, P
   Guo, XJ
   Yan, Y
   Li, Y
   Ge, YG
AF Cui, Peng
   Guo, Xiaojun
   Yan, Yan
   Li, Yong
   Ge, Yonggang
TI Real-time observation of an active debris flow watershed in the Wenchuan
   Earthquake area
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Monitoring; Discharge; Velocity; Rainfall threshold;
   Wenchuan Earthquake
ID RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; ITALIAN ALPS; TORRENT; CLASSIFICATION;
   TRANSFORMATION; PROPAGATION; DOLOMITES; VELOCITY; SYSTEMS; DESIGN
AB Debris flows occur frequently and cause considerable damage in the Wenchuan Earthquake area; however, there has been no systematic real-time monitoring of such events. This study used a monitoring system to consider the spatial variation of meteorological and flow processes in a 39.4 km(2) watershed. The system comprised three rainfall gauges at different locations, and three hydrological monitoring stations, located on the mainstream and tributaries, with instruments to measure the velocity, height, and density of debris flows. Based on the monitoring data, the debris flow events were categorized and the general runoff velocity, discharge, and density were analysed. We proposed empirical methods for estimating the velocity and the total volume of debris flows based on other easily obtainable parameters, e.g., maximum flow depth and duration. Comparison of the results derived using the monitoring data and empirical formulas with those obtained in other small watersheds worldwide revealed the debris flow characteristics in this relatively large watershed. Rainfall threshold for the debris flows was proposed, which is higher than those proposed for the same region for periods shortly after the Wenchuan Earthquake (2008 similar to 2013), and the temporal evolution of the rainfall conditions necessary for debris flows was addressed. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cui, Peng; Guo, Xiaojun; Yan, Yan; Li, Yong; Ge, Yonggang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Yan, Yan] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Chengdu 611756, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan
   Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth
   Sciences (CETES), CAS; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Guo, XJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM aaronguo@imde.ac.cn
TC 50
Z9 57
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD NOV 15
PY 2018
VL 321
BP 153
EP 166
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.08.024
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000447475900012
ER

PT J
AU Wu, S
   Chen, J
   Xu, C
   Zhou, W
   Yao, LH
   Yue, W
   Cui, ZJ
AF Wu, Saier
   Chen, Jian
   Xu, Chong
   Zhou, Wendy
   Yao, Leihua
   Yue, Wen
   Cui, Zhijiu
TI Susceptibility Assessments and Validations of Debris-Flow Events in
   Meizoseismal Areas: Case Study in China's Longxi River Watershed
SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Meizoseismal areas; Index of entropy models; Logistical
   regression models; Susceptibility assessments; Loose source material
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 13 AUGUST 2010; LONGCHI AREA; LANDSLIDE;
   RAINFALL; MODELS; GIS; SICHUAN
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered tens of thousands of landslides, resulting in rich loose materials for the 8.13 debris flows. Longchi Town in southwest China's Sichuan Province was one of the worst hit areas both by the Wenchuan earthquake and 8.13 debris flows. The loose source materials generated by coseismic landslides in the Longxi River watershed of the upper Min River are widely distributed and cover an area of 7.97 km2. The volume has reached as high as 13,364.99x104 m3. After catastrophic debris flows occurred in Longchi Town on August 13, 2010, there were still large amounts of loose debris remaining. This presented major potential risks for additional debris-flow formations in the meizoseismal region. In this paper, an index of entropy models and logistical regression models was implemented for the purpose of identifying the areas that were potentially susceptible to debris-flow formations based on the same catchment units. In order to reflect the impacts of the Wenchuan earthquake on the subsequent debris-flow events, the volumes of the source debris accumulations were calculated in each catchment unit. These were then incorporated into the models as controlling factors. The performances of the models were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) technique. Then, the quality ratings of the susceptibility maps were compared and verified using the results of the field investigations. The spatial mismatches of the index of entropy (IE) and logistic regression (LR) models with the observed best predictive abilities were 16.7% and 8.3%, respectively, were revealed in the susceptibility maps. The LR model showed better performance results in the division of the susceptibility zones, and also in the reliability and robustness of the assessment results. The two models had both incorporated a spectrum of the leading factors for the debris-flow occurrences, including the lithology; distances from the coseismic surface fault-ruptures; densities of the loose source material; monthly average precipitation rates; and slope gradient rates, which are necessary for debris-flow formations in strong seismic zones. The debris-flow prone areas were found to be mainly distributed within 4 km of the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault. Furthermore, the verification results showed that more than 90% of the actual debris flows were distributed in the very high and high susceptibility zones. Sufficient attention should be paid to debris-flow prevention and early warning procedures in very high and high susceptibility zones. The results of this study provided practical implications for developing debris-flow disaster management and hazard mitigation strategies in similar earthquake-prone environments.
C1 [Wu, Saier; Chen, Jian; Yao, Leihua; Yue, Wen] China Univ Geosci, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Wendy] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [Cui, Zhijiu] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; China Earthquake Administration;
   Institute of Geology, CEA; Colorado School of Mines; Peking University
RP Chen, J (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM cielo_wu@cugb.edu.cn; jianchen@cugb.edu.cn; xuchong@ies.ac.en;
   wzhou@mines.edu; yaolh@cugb.edu.cn; yw@cugb.edu.cn; czj@urban.pku.edu.cn
TC 23
Z9 25
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 1527-6988
EI 1527-6996
PD FEB 1
PY 2020
VL 21
IS 1
AR 05019005
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000347
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000502997800012
ER

PT J
AU Li, YF
   Wang, ZY
   Shi, WJ
   Wang, XZ
AF Li Yanfu
   Wang Zhaoyin
   Shi Wenjing
   Wang Xuzhao
TI Slope debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake area
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Slope debris flow; rainfall intensity; Wenchuan Earthquake; landslide;
   avalanche
AB Avalanches and landslides, induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12, 2008, resulted in a lot of disaggregated, solid material on slopes that could be readily mobilized as source material for debris flows. Rainstorms triggered numerous slope debris flows with great damage to highways and rivers over the subsequent two years. Slope debris flows (as opposed to channelized debris flows) are defined as phenomena in which high-concentration mixtures of debris and water flow down slopes for short distances to highways and river banks. Based on field investigations and measurements of 19 slope debris flows, their main characteristics and potential mitigation strategies were studied. High rainfall intensity is the main triggering factor. Critical rainfall intensities for simultaneous occurrence of single, several and numerous slope debris flow events were 20 mm/day, 30mm/day, and 90 mm/day, respectively. Field investigations also revealed that slope debris flows consist of high concentrations of cobbles, boulders and gravel. They are two-phase debris flows. The liquid phase plays the role of lubrication instead of transporting medium. Solid particles collide with each other and consume a lot of energy. The velocities of slope debris flows are very low, and their transport distances are only several tens of meters. Slope debris flows may be controlled by construction of drainage systems and by reforestation.
C1 [Li Yanfu; Wang Zhaoyin; Shi Wenjing] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Xuzhao] Beijing Inst Geol Mineral Resources, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University
RP Wang, ZY (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM zywang@tsinghua.edu.cn
TC 13
Z9 16
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD SEP
PY 2010
VL 7
IS 3
BP 226
EP 233
DI 10.1007/s11629-010-2014-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000280555900003
ER

PT J
AU Qi, SW
   Xu, Q
   Lan, HX
   Zhang, B
   Liu, JY
AF Qi, Shengwen
   Xu, Qiang
   Lan, Hengxing
   Zhang, Bing
   Liu, Jianyou
TI Resonance effect existence or not for landslides triggered by 2008
   Wenchuan earthquake: A reply to the comment by Drs. Xu Chong and Xu
   Xiwei
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Editorial Material
DE Coseismic landslide; Wenchuan earthquake; coseismic fault; surface
   rupture
ID CHINA
C1 [Qi, Shengwen; Liu, Jianyou] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Engn Geomech, Chaoyang Area, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Shengwen; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prote, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Lan, Hengxing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Bing] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS;
   Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences
RP Qi, SW (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Geomech, Chaoyang Area, POB 9825, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM qishengwen@mail.iggcas.ac.cn; xq@cdut.edu.cn; lanhx@lreis.ac.cn;
   zb@ceode.ac.cn; liujianyou@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
PD NOV 29
PY 2012
VL 151
BP 128
EP 130
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.08.003
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000312506700013
ER

PT J
AU Chen, M
   Tang, CA
   Zhang, XZ
   Xiong, J
   Chang, M
   Shi, QY
   Wang, FL
   Li, MW
AF Chen, Ming
   Tang, Chuan
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Xiong, Jiang
   Chang, Ming
   Shi, Qingyun
   Wang, Feilong
   Li, Mingwei
TI Quantitative assessment of physical fragility of buildings to the debris
   flow on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully, Wenchuan, southwestern China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Fragility curve; Debris flow; Quantitative assessment; Probabilistic
   model; Wenchuan earthquake
ID VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; EARTHQUAKE; HAZARDS;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; EVOLUTION; PROVINCE; CURVES; IMPACT; AREA
AB Catastrophic debris flows are frequently triggered by rainstorms after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and pose great threats to residential buildings and human lives in the mountainous areas. However, little effort has been devoted to studying the quantitative assessment of the physical vulnerability of buildings to debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas. To cope with this deficiency, this paper presented a quantitative method to assess the physical fragility of buildings related to debris flows by analyzing the debris flow activity and building damage features. First, we constructed a building database in the area affected by the Cutou debris flow and determined the degree of damage to each building. Then, the momentum flux was selected as a debris flow intensity parameter, considering the combined effect of flow velocity and flow depth. We used the FLO-2D software to reproduce the process of the debris flow that occurred on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully and obtained the intensity parameters of the debris flow. Finally, we proposed physical fragility curves for different types of building structures to the debris flow based on the model describing the probability of exceeding different damage states corresponding to different intensities of debris flows. In the case of brick-concrete buildings, when the momentum flux was 8 m(3)/s(2), buildings were moderately damaged at the probability P = 1 with a 95% confidence interval, and complete damage was sustained from a momentum flux of 36 m(3)/s(2). Masonry-wood buildings sustained complete damage from a momentum flux of 5 m(3)/s(2). The structural resistance of buildings to debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected region can be assessed by using the proposed physical fragility functions, which provide a scientific basis for risk management and mitigation strategies.
C1 [Chen, Ming; Tang, Chuan; Zhang, Xianzheng; Xiong, Jiang; Chang, Ming; Shi, Qingyun; Li, Mingwei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Chang, Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Feilong] China Southwest Geotech Invest & Design Inst Co L, Chengdu 610052, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Chen, M; Tang, CA (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM chenminggeo@163.com; tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 54
Z9 60
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV
PY 2021
VL 293
AR 106319
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106319
EA AUG 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000696814500035
ER

PT J
AU Chen, HX
   Zhang, LM
   Gao, L
   Yuan, Q
   Lu, T
   Xiang, B
   Zhuang, WL
AF Chen, H. X.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Gao, L.
   Yuan, Q.
   Lu, T.
   Xiang, B.
   Zhuang, W. L.
TI Simulation of interactions among multiple debris flows
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Slope stability; Natural hazards; Wenchuan earthquake;
   Barrier lake
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; LANDSLIDES; MODEL;
   PROPAGATION; DEPOSITION; DISTANCES; PROVINCE; FAILURE; STORMS
AB Adjacent debris flows may interact in many ways: two or more concurrent debris flows may merge; one debris flow can run out over an existing debris flow fan. Such interactions may cause debris flow properties to change in the mixing process as well as more severe adverse effects than those caused by a single debris flow. This paper aims to investigate the interactions among channelized debris flows originated from adjacent catchments. Both concurrent and successive debris flows are considered. If several debris flows originate from different locations concurrently and merge, the volumetric sediment concentration (i.e., the ratio of the volume of solid material to the total volume of debris flow), C (v), is a good index to capture the mixing process of these debris flows. The change in C (v) reflects where mixing occurs and the mixing degree. The debris flow properties (e.g., yield stress and dynamic viscosity) evolve in the mixing process and can be captured by the change in C (v). The debris flow with a larger volume dominates the mixing process, and the properties of the mixed debris flow are more similar to those of the larger debris flow. The inundated areas and runout distances of successive debris flows are smaller than those of concurrent debris flows of the same total volume due to the smaller scales of the individual events and blockage by the earlier debris flows. However, the deposit depth in the interacting part of the debris flow fans of successive debris flows can be much larger than that of concurrent debris flows, leading to more destructive cascading hazards (e.g., the formation of debris barrier lakes). The sequence of successive debris flows not only significantly influences the runout characteristics of the debris flows but also substantially affects the cascading hazards.
C1 [Chen, H. X.] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, H. X.; Zhang, L. M.; Gao, L.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Yuan, Q.; Lu, T.] Sichuan Xingshu Highway Construct Dev Co Ltd, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Xiang, B.; Zhuang, W. L.] Highway Planning Survey Design & Res Inst, Sichuan Prov Transportat & Commun Dept, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM chenhongxin@tongji.edu.cn; cezhangl@ust.hk; lgaoab@ust.hk;
   YQ1100@sina.com; 911824760@qq.com; xiangbo215@sina.com;
   wlzhuang@vip.163.com
TC 31
Z9 35
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 2
BP 595
EP 615
DI 10.1007/s10346-016-0710-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000398889900011
ER

PT J
AU Ren, ZK
   Zhang, ZQ
   Zhang, HP
   Zheng, WJ
   Zhang, PZ
AF Ren, Zhikun
   Zhang, Zhuqi
   Zhang, Huiping
   Zheng, Wenjun
   Zhang, Peizhen
TI The Role of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake in Topographic
   Evolution: Seismically Induced Landslides and the Associated Isostatic
   Response
SO TECTONICS
DT Article
DE isostatic rebound; Wenchuan earthquake; seismically induced erosion;
   mountain building; Tibetan Plateau
ID LOWER CRUSTAL FLOW; TIBETAN PLATEAU; LONGMEN SHAN; EASTERN MARGIN;
   GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; EROSION; UPLIFT; CHINA; SEDIMENT; RUPTURE
AB The widely held notion about the relationship between reverse-faulting earthquakes and mountain building has been challenged by recent studies suggesting a net coseismic lowering of surface height due to the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. We calculate the long-term isostatic response to the removal of coseismic landslide mass produced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, using re-estimated coseismic landslide volumes. The total isostatic response volume is associated with the input landslide volumes and ranges from similar to 1.0 to 2.7km(3), which did not change much with the varied input value of the effective elastic thickness (Te); however, the rebound distribution changes with Te. Consequently, the net uplift volume will be similar to 1.2-2.9km(3), taking into account the total landslide volume of 2.8+0.9/-0.7km(3) and the coseismic uplift of 2.61.2km(3). The isostatic response due to Wenchuan earthquake is similar to 0.3m but may vary from 0.15 to 0.6m (input minimum and maximum landslide volumes from the combined scaling parameters, respectively) in the central Longmen Shan. We also find that the average net uplift is similar to 0.11-0.26m, which resulted from the imbalance between earthquake-caused uplift and the isostasy within the landslide region due to the Wenchuan earthquake. The total isostasy could reach similar to 550-1,300m during the past 10-15Ma, in the corridor bounding the coseismic surface ruptures. Our findings reveal that the evolution of local topography in the Longmen Shan region is inevitably related to the repeated tectonic events, especially the strong earthquakes similar to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.
   It has been almost 10years after the occurrence of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. There has been numerous publications related to this earthquake in various aspects. Its role in topographic evolution is hotly debated. However, no detail reports about the isostatic rebound due to the removal of the landslide material caused by the Wenchuan earthquake can be found. In this study, we report the quantitative results of the isostatic reboud, its distribution character, and hence the role of the Wenchuan earthquake in local topographic evolution.
C1 [Ren, Zhikun; Zhang, Zhuqi; Zhang, Huiping; Zhang, Peizhen] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Ren, Zhikun] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcanos, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Zheng, Wenjun; Zhang, Peizhen] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Geol Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Sun Yat Sen
   University
RP Ren, ZK (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Ren, ZK (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcanos, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM rzk@ies.ac.cn
TC 8
Z9 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0278-7407
EI 1944-9194
PD SEP
PY 2018
VL 37
IS 9
BP 2748
EP 2757
DI 10.1029/2017TC004848
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000447805400001
ER

PT J
AU Tang, C
   Zhu, J
   Liang, JT
AF Tang Chuan
   Zhu Jing
   Liang Jingtao
TI Emergency assessment of seismic landslide susceptibility: a case study
   of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake affected area
SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING VIBRATION
DT Article
DE landslide; susceptibility; GIS; Wenchuan earthquake; Qingchuan area
ID REGION
AB The 8.0 M (w) Wenchuan earthquake triggered widespread and large scale landslides in mountainous regions. An approach was used to map and assess landslide susceptibility in a given area. A numerical rating system was applied to five factors that contribute to slope instability. Factors such as lithology, topography, streams and faults have an important influence as event-controlling factors for landslide susceptibility assessment. A final map is provided to show areas of low, medium, and high landslide susceptibility. Areas identified as having high landslide susceptibility were located in the central, northeastern, and far south regions of the study area. The assessment results will help decision makers to select safe sites for emergency placement of refuges and plan for future reconstruction. The maps may also be used as a basis for landslide risk management in the study area.
C1 [Tang Chuan; Zhu Jing; Liang Jingtao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM tangc707@gmail.com
TC 29
Z9 35
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1671-3664
EI 1993-503X
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 8
IS 2
BP 207
EP 217
DI 10.1007/s11803-009-9025-4
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000267485500004
ER

PT J
AU Huang, RQ
   Fan, XM
AF Huang, Runqiu
   Fan, Xuanmei
TI The landslide story
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
DT Editorial Material
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE
C1 [Huang, Runqiu; Fan, Xuanmei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, Xuanmei] Univ Twente, Fac Geo Informat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Twente
RP Huang, RQ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM hrq@cdut.edu.cn; fanxuanmei@gmail.com
TC 310
Z9 365
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
EI 1752-0908
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 6
IS 5
BP 325
EP 326
DI 10.1038/ngeo1806
SC Geology
UT WOS:000318227000003
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, N
   Matsushima, T
   Peng, NB
AF Zhang, Ni
   Matsushima, Takashi
   Peng, Ningbo
TI Numerical investigation of post-seismic debris flows in the epicentral
   area of the Wenchuan earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Post-seismic debris flows; Particle method; Soil-water mixing model;
   Rainfall; Wenchuan earthquake
ID 13 AUGUST 2010; RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; INTEGRATED MODEL; ENTRAINMENT;
   LANDSLIDES; SIMULATION; BEHAVIOR
AB Since the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, numerous catastrophic debris flows have occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken zones. In particular, on 14 August 2010, long-duration, low-intensity rainfall triggered widespread debris flows at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. These flows caused serious casualties and property losses. In this study, a novel approach combining a soil-water mixing model and a depth-integrated particle method is applied to the analysis of the post-seismic debris flows in the epicentral area. The presented approach makes use of satellite images of the debris flow in the affected area. It is assumed that debris source materials are primarily generated from slope failure during the earthquake. Debris flows are initiated after different amounts of cumulative rainfall according to diffusion governing equations. The debris flow disaster is investigated in terms of volume, concentration, discharge, velocity, deposition thickness and affected area by setting the cumulative rainfall, Manning coefficient and diffusion coefficient to 38mm, 0.1 and 0.004m(2)s(-1), respectively. Although the thickness and volume of debris source materials are underestimated in this study, the numerical results, including the volume concentration, velocity, discharge and the affected area are in good agreement with the actual observations/measurements of the debris flow events. Adopting a simple and efficient numerical model, systematic analysis of the entire debris flow generation process not only contributes to understanding the mechanism of initiation, transportation and deposition, but is also very useful in designing effective protection structures according to the distribution characteristics of the main parameters. Additionally, the coupling effect of multiple debris flows is discussed.
C1 [Zhang, Ni] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Strength & Vibrat Mech Struct, Int Ctr Appl Mech, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Matsushima, Takashi] Univ Tsukuba, Dept Engn Mech & Energy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan.
   [Peng, Ningbo] Huaiyin Inst Technol, Fac Architecture & Civil Engn, Huaian 223001, Peoples R China.
C3 Xi'an Jiaotong University; University of Tsukuba; Huaiyin Institute of
   Technology
RP Zhang, N (corresponding author), Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Strength & Vibrat Mech Struct, Int Ctr Appl Mech, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
EM nizhang.961228@gmail.com; tmatsu@kz.tsukuba.ac.jp; pengnb10@lzu.edu.cn
TC 13
Z9 14
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUL
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 5
BP 3253
EP 3268
DI 10.1007/s10064-018-1359-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000471237400015
ER

PT J
AU Yin, YP
AF Yin, Yueping
TI Vertical acceleration effect on landsides triggered by the Wenchuan
   earthquake, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide; The Wenchuan earthquake; Vertical acceleration; Pseudostatic
   analysis; Dynamic response
ID SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS; SICHUAN
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with Ms8.0 triggered extensive throwing-pattern landslides in the area within or near the seismic faults. The resultant landslides from this earthquake brought to the fore the effect of vertical earthquake acceleration on landslide occurrence. The pseudostatic analysis and the dynamic response on landslide stability due to the Wenchuan earthquake are studied with the Chengxi (West Town) catastrophic landslide used as a case study. The results show that the epicenter distance is an important factor which affects the vertical acceleration and thus the stability of landslide. Also, the vertical acceleration was found to have a significant impact on the FOS of landslide if the earthquake magnitude is quite large. Within the seismic fault, the amplitude effect of vertical acceleration is very dominant with the FOS of landslide, for vertical acceleration ranging from positive to negative, having a variation of 25 %. The variation of FOS of landslide for vertical acceleration ranging from positive to negative are 15 and 5 % for landslides near seismic fault and outside seismic fault, respectively. For landslide with a slope angle < 45A degrees, the FOS of landslide with both horizontal and vertical accelerations is significantly greater than the one without vertical acceleration. Further, the results computed from both the pseudostatic method and dynamic analysis reveal that the FOS during the earthquake varied significantly whether vertical acceleration is considered or not. The results from this study explain why lots of throwing-pattern catastrophic landslides occurred within 10 km of the seismic fault in the Wenchuan earthquake.
C1 CGS, China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey
RP Yin, YP (corresponding author), CGS, China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM yyueping@mail.cgs.gov.cn
TC 25
Z9 28
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD JUN
PY 2014
VL 71
IS 11
BP 4703
EP 4714
DI 10.1007/s12665-013-2860-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000335754100008
ER

PT J
AU Ma, C
   Hu, KH
   Zou, Q
   Tian, M
AF Ma Chao
   Hu Kai-heng
   Zou Qiang
   Tian Mi
TI Characteristics of clustering debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake zone
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Clustering debris flows; Wenchuan earthquake; Rainfall threshold;
   Formation process
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; CENTRAL TAIWAN; RAINFALL
AB Clustering debris-flow events, namely many debris flows simultaneously triggered by a regional rainstorm in a large-scale mountainous area, occurred in four regions of Wenchuan earthquake stricken areas in 2008 and 2010. The characteristics of the clustering debris flows are examined with regard to triggering rainfall, formation process, and relationship with the earthquake by field survey and remote sensing interpretation. It is found that the clustering events occurred nearly at the same time with the local peak rainstorms, and the rainfall intensity-duration bottom limit line for clustering debris flows is higher than the worldwide line. It means that more rainfall is needed for the occurrence of the clustering debris flows. Four kinds of major formation processes for these debris flows are summarized: tributary-dominated, mainstream-dominated, transformation from slope failures, and mobilization or liquefaction of landslide. The four regions has a spatial correlation with the strong-quake-influenced zone with the peak ground acceleration = 0.2 g and the seismic intensity > X.
C1 [Ma Chao; Hu Kai-heng; Zou Qiang; Tian Mi] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Ma Chao; Hu Kai-heng; Zou Qiang; Tian Mi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Ma Chao; Zou Qiang; Tian Mi] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM sanguoxumei@163.com; khhu@imde.ac.cn
TC 16
Z9 18
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD DEC
PY 2013
VL 10
IS 6
BP 953
EP 961
DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2410-5
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000327459900004
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, J
   Chen, HY
   Zeng, L
   Su, FH
   Gong, LF
   Tang, CX
AF Xiong, Jiang
   Chen, Hua-yong
   Zeng, Lu
   Su, Feng-huan
   Gong, Ling-feng
   Tang, Chen-xiao
TI Coseismic landslide sediment increased by the "9.5" Luding earthquake,
   Sichuan, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Luding earthquake; Landslide sediment; Debris flow activity; Remote
   sensing image
ID CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; 2013 LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHWESTERN CHINA; RAINFALL THRESHOLD; RIVER;
   AREA; CONNECTIVITY; DELIVERY
AB The "9.5" Luding earthquake (Ms 6.8), which occurred on September 5, 2022, has triggered thousands of landslides, and caused coseismic landslide sediment in the mountain basin to increase significantly. After the Luding earthquake, landslide sediment may continue to divert to channels, and increase the activity of debris flows. Importantly, the formation of debris flows can pose a major threat to infrastructure, lives and property. To better understand the landslide sediment that increased by the "9.5" Luding earthquake and its impact on the activity of debris flows, we mapped the coseismic landslide database using satellite images. A total of 9142 landslides with an area of 49.51 km(2), covering 4.81% of the whole basin, were triggered by the Luding earthquake. The coseismic landslides induced by this earthquake are dominated by shallow landslides and are densely distributed in the combined zone of the Xianshuihe fault and the Dadu fault. Approximately 333.31x10(6) m(3) (error: 111.43x10(6) m(3)/-70.73x10(6) m(3)) of coseismic landslide sediments were induced by the earthquake in the epicenter, and the landslide materials were concentrated downstream of the basins. In addition, more than 13986.45x10(4) m(3) (error: 4675.67x10(4) m(3)/-2967.92x10(4) m(3)) of landslide sediment may supply for debris flow occurrence. Simultaneously, the small basins that are distributed near Moxi, Detuo and the junction of the Xianshuihe fault and Daduhe fault are more susceptible to debris flows when rainstorms hit these regions. Therefore, prevention and mitigation measures, early warning, and land use planning should be adopted in advance in these regions. However, from the perspectives of landslide scale and the degree of landslide-channel coupling, the activity or active intensity of debris flows in the Luding earthquake area may be lower than that in the epicenter area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.
C1 [Xiong, Jiang; Chen, Hua-yong; Zeng, Lu; Su, Feng-huan; Tang, Chen-xiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Ling-feng] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Geol Survey Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; China Geological Survey
RP Chen, HY; Zeng, L (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
EM xiongjiang@imde.ac.cn; hychen@imde.ac.cn; zenglu@imde.ac.cn;
   fhsu@imde.ac.cn; 308488910@qq.com; c.tang@imde.ac.cn
TC 17
Z9 21
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAR
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 3
BP 624
EP 636
DI 10.1007/s11629-022-7770-2
EA MAR 2023
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000947171400002
ER

PT J
AU Chen, ZY
   Meng, XM
   Yin, YP
   Dijkstra, T
   Winter, M
   Wasowski, J
AF Chen, Zuyu
   Meng, Xingmin
   Yin, Yueping
   Dijkstra, Tom
   Winter, Mike
   Wasowski, Janusz
TI Landslide Research in China
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY
DT Article
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE; EVENT; AREA
AB On 9 April 2000, a 91 Mm(3) rock avalanche occurred in Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet. The event was accompanied by a deafening noise, with the rock mass travelling from a maximum elevation of 5132 m and coming to a rest at an elevation of 2163 m. It formed a landslide dam in the Yigong Zangbo River of some 55 m height, impounding a reservoir of some 2 Gm(3) for a period of 62 days after which it emptied in less than 12 h. This event was a forewarning of a period of frequent geological disasters in China during the start of the 21st century. The ensuing Wenchuan earthquake (surface-wave magnitude M-s 8.0; May 2008), Zhouqu debris flow (August 2010) and Ludian earthquake (M-s 6.7; August 2014) led to the Chinese Government renewing its campaign against geological disasters and it has since invested heavily in scientific research to guide efforts to mitigate the impact of such natural disasters. This thematic set on Landslide Research in China was initiated to highlight this research. This paper provides a brief review of three of the featured subjects and accompanies the five papers published in the thematic set.
C1 [Chen, Zuyu] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Meng, Xingmin] Lanzhou Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Yin, Yueping] China Geol Survey, China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Dijkstra, Tom] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England.
   [Winter, Mike] Transport Res Lab, 13 Swanston Steading,109 Swanston Rd, Edinburgh EH10 7DS, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Winter, Mike] Univ Portsmouth, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Burnaby Bldg, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, Hants, England.
   [Wasowski, Janusz] CNR IRPI, Natl Res Council, Bari, Italy.
C3 China Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Research; Lanzhou
   University; China Geological Survey; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI);
   Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC British Geological
   Survey; Edinburgh Napier University; University of Portsmouth; Consiglio
   Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione
   Idrogeologica (IRPI-CNR)
RP Chen, ZY (corresponding author), China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM chenzuyu@iwhr.com
TC 15
Z9 18
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE
PI BATH
PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON,
   ENGLAND
SN 1470-9236
PD NOV
PY 2016
VL 49
IS 4
BP 279
EP 285
DI 10.1144/qjegh2016-100
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000390459400002
ER

PT J
AU Zhuang, JQ
   Cui, P
   Peng, JB
   Hu, KH
   Iqbal, J
AF Zhuang, Jian-qi
   Cui, Peng
   Peng, Jian-bing
   Hu, Kai-heng
   Iqbal, Javed
TI Initiation process of debris flows on different slopes due to surface
   flow and trigger-specific strategies for mitigating post-earthquake in
   old Beichuan County, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Initiation process; Mitigation strategies; Old Beichuan
   County; Wenchuan earthquake
ID EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL; FAILURE; IDENTIFICATION; MECHANISMS; HAZARDS
AB The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) in China, produced an estimated volume of 28 x 10(8) m(3) loosened material, which led to debris flows after the earthquake. Debris flows are the dominant mountain hazards, and serious threat to lives, properties, buildings, traffic, and post-earthquake reconstruction in the earthquake-hit areas. It is very important to understand the debris flow initiation processes and characteristics, for designing debris flow mitigation. The main objective of this article is to examine the different debris flow initiation processes in order to identify suitable mitigation strategies. Three types of debris flow initiation processes were identified (designated as Types A, B, and C) by field survey and experiments. In "A" type initiation, the debris flow forms as a result of dam failure in the process of rill erosion, slope failure, landslide dam, or dam failure. This type of debris flow occurs at the slope of 10 +/- A 2A degrees, with a high bulk density, and several surges following dam failure. "B" type initiation is the result of a gradual increase in headward down cutting, bank and lateral erosion, and then large amount of loose material interfusion into water flow, which increases the bulk density, and forms the debris flow. This type of debris flow occurs mainly on slopes of 15 +/- A 3A degrees without surges. "C" type debris flow results from slope failures by surface flow, infiltration, loose material crack, slope failure, and fluidization. This type of debris flow occurs mainly on slopes of 21 +/- A 4A degrees, and has several surges of debris flow following slope failure, and a high bulk density. To minimize the hazards from debris flows in areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake, the erosion control measures, such as the construction of grid dams, slope failure control measures, the construction of storage sediment dams, and the drainage measures, such as construction of drainage ditches are proposed. Based on our results, it is recommend that the control measures should be chosen based on the debris flow initiation type, which affects the peak discharge, bulk density and the discharge process. The mitigation strategies discussed in this paper are based on experimental simulations of the debris flows in the Weijia, Huashiban, and Xijia gullies of old Beichuan city. The results are useful for post-disaster reconstruction and recovery, as well as for preventing similar geohazards in the future.
C1 [Zhuang, Jian-qi; Peng, Jian-bing] Changan Univ, Key Lab Western China Mineral Resources & Geol En, Sch Geol Engn & Surveying, Xian, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng; Hu, Kai-heng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Iqbal, Javed] COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
C3 Chang'an University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS; COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI)
RP Zhuang, JQ (corresponding author), Changan Univ, Key Lab Western China Mineral Resources & Geol En, Sch Geol Engn & Surveying, Xian, Peoples R China.
EM rockfans09@163.com
TC 33
Z9 41
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD MAR
PY 2013
VL 68
IS 5
BP 1391
EP 1403
DI 10.1007/s12665-012-1837-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000314768900014
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, W
   Chen, JQ
   Ma, JH
   Cao, C
   Yin, H
   Wang, J
   Han, B
AF Zhang, Wen
   Chen, Junqi
   Ma, Junhua
   Cao, Chen
   Yin, Han
   Wang, Jia
   Han, Bo
TI Evolution of sediment after a decade of the Wenchuan earthquake: a case
   study in a protected debris flow catchment in Wenchuan County, China
SO ACTA GEOTECHNICA
DT Article
DE Check dam effect; Debris flow; Sediment source; Wenchuan earthquake
ID INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLD; CHECK DAMS; INITIATION; RAINFALL;
   CONNECTIVITY; PREDICTION; RECHARGE; AREA
AB The Wenchuan earthquake brought abundant sediment in the seismic area. The evolution of sediment caused catastrophic debris flow when the rainfall reached the threshold during the past decade. The massive debris flow still occurred frequently in recent years. The question is whether these frequent disasters are related to the evolution of the sediment and what role the check dam plays in it. This study investigates the evolution of sediment and how it is affected by the effect of check dam in a protected catchment. We analyze the evolution of sediment during the 2019 and 2020 debris flow in Chutou gully by using several investigation methods. The interaction between the evolution of sediment and the effects of check dams are assessed on the basis of the results of sediment evolution and innovative methods. We present the effects of check dam under different conditions through the well-balanced numerical method. Results show that the evolution of sediment remains active in recent years, and we should focus on the debris flow protection in the seismic area. Check dams are essential protection for the debris flows, which impact sediment evolution remarkably. The storage capacity and the stability of check dams should be focused to prevent the subsequent debris flow.
C1 [Zhang, Wen; Chen, Junqi; Cao, Chen; Yin, Han; Wang, Jia; Han, Bo] Jilin Univ, Coll Construction Engn, Changchun 130026, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Junhua] Liaoning Nonferrous Geol Explorat & Res Inst Co Lt, Shenyang, Peoples R China.
C3 Jilin University
RP Cao, C (corresponding author), Jilin Univ, Coll Construction Engn, Changchun 130026, Peoples R China.
EM ccao@jlu.edu.cn
TC 6
Z9 6
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1861-1125
EI 1861-1133
PD JUL
PY 2023
VL 18
IS 7
BP 3905
EP 3926
DI 10.1007/s11440-022-01789-x
EA JAN 2023
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000913567300002
ER

PT J
AU Chen, HX
   Zhang, S
   Peng, M
   Zhang, LM
AF Chen, H. X.
   Zhang, S.
   Peng, M.
   Zhang, L. M.
TI A physically-based multi-hazard risk assessment platform for regional
   rainfall-induced slope failures and debris flows
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Slope stability; Landslide; Debris flow; Risk assessment; GIS; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID LANDSLIDE RISK; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; RUNOUT CHARACTERISTICS; MODEL;
   EARTHQUAKE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VULNERABILITY; THRESHOLDS; SIMULATION;
   INITIATION
AB Rainfall-induced slope failures and debris flows are two major hazards in mountainous areas. A physically-based multi-hazard risk assessment platform for regional rainfall-induced slope failures and debris flows has been developed in this study. The platform enables prompt assessment of risks posed by regional rainfall-induced slope failures and debris flows across multiple catchments, which is required in landslide risk management in a large area. It considers the contribution of slope failures to debris flows and the scenario of a location impacted by multiple slope failures or debris flows or both. The contribution of slope failures to debris flows is considered by adding the increased amount of channel deposit from slope failures to the source material of debris flows. The platform is applied to a highway near the epicentre of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The platform predicts the impact areas and runout distances of regional debris flows reasonably well. The risk assessment results indicate that both slope failures and debris flows pose a great danger to travellers along the road shortly after the earthquake due to the presence of a large amount of loose landslide deposits on steep terrains. The materials from the slope failures triggered during a storm substantially increase the channel deposit volume, leading to significantly increased debris flow volume and risk. A multi-hazard risk assessment approach is necessary to consider the scenario of a location impacted by multiple slope failures or debris flows or both, since assessing risks of slope failures and debris flows separately may underestimate the risk. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, H. X.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, M.] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Tongji University
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cechenhx@ust.hk; zhangs@ust.hk; pengming@tongji.edu.cn; cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 60
Z9 65
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAR 25
PY 2016
VL 203
BP 15
EP 29
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.12.009
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000372688600003
ER

PT J
AU Yang, F
   Fan, XM
   Subramanian, SS
   Dou, XY
   Xiong, JL
   Xia, B
   Yu, ZY
   Xu, Q
AF Yang, Fan
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Siva Subramanian, Srikrishnan
   Dou, Xiangyang
   Xiong, Junlin
   Xia, Bing
   Yu, Zongyang
   Xu, Qiang
TI Catastrophic debris flows triggered by the 20 August 2019 rainfall, a
   decade since the Wenchuan earthquake, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Post-seismic debris flows; Initiation mechanism;
   Evolving controls; Rainfall threshold
ID INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLD; LANDSLIDES; INITIATION; IMPACT; AREA;
   EVOLUTION; VOLUME
AB Enhanced debris flow activity observed after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, SW China, is still intense more than a decade since the earthquake. A heavy rainstorm on 20 August 2019 caused catastrophic debris flows in the epicentral area of the earthquake. By remote sensing imagery interpretation and field investigation, 13 debris flows were identified. An empirical rainfall threshold I-D model (intensity-duration) of post-seismic debris flows is established. Changing rainfall thresholds, characteristics, and initiation mechanisms of the 2019 debris flows were analyzed, which are different from the events that occurred in previous years. We find that the 2019 debris flows were mainly initiated by concentrated runoff erosion of sediments stored in tributary channels of catchments, with little contribution from the coseismic landslides and new hillslope failures. Differently, the major sediment supply of debris flows in previous years was mainly from the reactivation of coseismic landslide deposits. By analyzing the triggering rainfall of all recorded debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake, we find that the rainfall threshold in 2019 is about 1/2-4/5 of the pre-earthquake value, and the I-D model we built can predict the 2019 debris flows successfully. Considering that there are still a large number of coseismic landslide deposits in the mountain catchments and the rainfall thresholds are slowly recovering, the post-seismic debris flows may last for a long period.
C1 [Yang, Fan; Fan, Xuanmei; Siva Subramanian, Srikrishnan; Dou, Xiangyang; Xiong, Junlin; Xia, Bing; Yu, Zongyang; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 52
Z9 56
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD SEP
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 9
BP 3197
EP 3212
DI 10.1007/s10346-021-01713-6
EA JUL 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000668408100001
ER

PT J
AU Ning, L
   Hu, KH
   Wang, Z
   Luo, H
   Qin, HK
   Zhang, XP
   Liu, S
AF Ning, Lan
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Wang, Zhang
   Luo, Hong
   Qin, Haokun
   Zhang, Xiaopeng
   Liu, Shuang
TI Multi-Hazard Chain Reaction Initiated by the 2020 Meilong Debris Flow in
   the Dadu River, Southwest China
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE debris flow; cascading hazards; landslide stability; barrier lake; river
   erosion
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DAMMED LAKES; LANDSLIDE; VALLEY;
   FAILURE; IMPACT; BREACH
AB Delivery of large volumes of sediment by debris flows in a short time into rivers often initiates a hazardous chain reaction in alpine valleys. Predicting the multi-hazard chain's evolution and intervening in its cascading effects by artificial countermeasures face major challenges due to the spatial and temporal variability of controlling factors. On June 17, 2020, a rainstorm-induced debris flow event with a volume of 2.4 x 10(5) m(3) occurred in the Meilong catchment, Danba County, Sichuan Province, Southwest China, which triggered a debris flow-outburst flood-landslide hazard chain. Large amounts of sediment entered the Xiaojinchuan River and formed a barrier lake. The outburst flood and narrowed river flow eroded 2.76 x 10(6) m(3) of deposits and reactivated the Aniangzhai landslide. Engineering measures were implemented to prevent the hazard, including dredging, rechanneling, and embankment construction. The deformation rate and acceleration of the landslide decreased from a peak of 75 mm/h to 8.74 mm/h and a peak of 16.46 mm/h(2) to 0.13 mm/h(2) before and after the engineering, respectively, according to measurements of a ground-based monitoring radar. Without the engineering measures, the factor of safety of the landslide would be reduced to 0.93, and a larger landslide dam hazard would occur if the foot were eroded by more than 17 m. The case and its successful engineering demonstrate that artificial intervention measures are effective in halting the cascading process of natural hazards.
C1 [Ning, Lan; Hu, Kaiheng; Wang, Zhang; Zhang, Xiaopeng; Liu, Shuang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Ning, Lan; Hu, Kaiheng; Wang, Zhang; Zhang, Xiaopeng; Liu, Shuang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Ning, Lan; Wang, Zhang; Zhang, Xiaopeng] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Hong] Sichuan Inst Land & Space Ecol Restorat & Geol Ha, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Qin, Haokun] Sichuan Met Geol Survey Bur, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM khhu@imde.ac.cn
TC 13
Z9 15
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD MAR 28
PY 2022
VL 10
AR 827438
DI 10.3389/feart.2022.827438
SC Geology
UT WOS:000783620600001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, JF
   You, Y
   Chen, XC
   Fan, JR
AF Liu Jinfeng
   You Yong
   Chen Xingchang
   Fan Jianrong
TI Identification of potential sites of debris flows in the upper Min River
   drainage, following environmental changes caused by the Wenchuan
   earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; unconsolidated material; potential debris flow;
   identification
ID RECOGNITION; HAZARD
AB The Wenchuan earthquake caused numerous landslides and collapses that provide abundant unconsolidated material for future mobilization as debris flows. Debris flows will be very active and cause considerable damage for some time in the affected area. Because of environmental changes related to the earthquake, many potentially dangerous debris flow gullies have yet to be identified. This paper selects the upper Min River from Yinxiu to Wenchuan as the study area, interprets the unconsolidated deposits, and discusses their relationship to distance from the fault. Then, applying that information and the values of other factors relating to debris flow occurrence, the locations of potential debris flows are analyzed by multi-factor comprehensive identification and rapid identification. The multi-factor comprehensive identification employs fuzzy matter-element extension theory. The volume of unconsolidated material in the study area is about 3.28 x 10(8) m(3). According to the analysis by multi-factor comprehensive identification, 47 gullies have a high probability for potential debris flow, 8 gullies have a moderate probability, and 1 gully has a low probability.
C1 [Liu Jinfeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Liu, JF (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM liujf@imde.ac.cn
TC 15
Z9 17
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
PD SEP
PY 2010
VL 7
IS 3
BP 255
EP 263
DI 10.1007/s11629-010-2017-z
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000280555900006
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, XT
   Wei, PF
   Fu, XD
   Li, LH
   Xue, XH
AF Zhou, Xingtao
   Wei, Pengfei
   Fu, Xiaodong
   Li, Lihua
   Xue, Xiaohui
TI Dynamic Process and Mechanism of the Catastrophic Taihongcun Landslide
   Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake Based on Field Investigations
   and Discrete Element Method Simulations
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Taihongcun landslide; field investigation; discrete element method;
   dynamic process; formation mechanism
ID ROCK AVALANCHES; STABILITY; MODEL; INITIATION; MOBILITY; BEHAVIOR;
   FAILURE; SICHUAN; SLOPES; MOTION
AB The Taihongcun landslide, which was a remarkable geological disaster triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, had a volume of about 2 x 106 m(3) and killed about 23 people. Through detailed field investigations, basic information of topography, geological structure and stratigraphy for the landslide were acquired and key kinetic characteristics of the landslide were identified. On the basis of filed investigations, 2D numerical models with discrete element method (DEM) were established to simulate the kinematics and failure process of the landslide. To ensure the validity of the dynamic calculations, the free-field boundary condition was developed and introduced intro the DEM models. According to filed investigations and DEM simulations, the dynamic processes of the Taihongcun landslide can be divided into four phases: fragmentation, projection motion, scraping, and granular debris flow and accumulation. In addition, the parameter analysis showed that the particle bond strength had a significant influence on the runout distance and landslide debris morphology. Finally, the possible mechanism of the Taihongcun landslide was determined: a rock mass of poor quality provided the lithological basis for this landslide formation; a joint set J(1) in the back scarp and a weak interlayer of carbonaceous slate and shale between the upper sliding mass and the bedrock formed the rupture boundaries of the upper source area; a strong seismic ground motion was the external excitation that triggered the destructive landslide event; additionally, hypermobility was caused by the high elevation and topographical conditions of the landslide.
C1 [Zhou, Xingtao] Hubei Univ Arts & Sci, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Xiangyang, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Xingtao; Wei, Pengfei; Li, Lihua] Hubei Geol Bur, Geol Brigade Hubei 8, Xiangyang, Peoples R China.
   [Fu, Xiaodong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
   [Xue, Xiaohui] Taiyuan Univ Technol, Minist Educ & Shanxi Prov, Key Lab Adv Transducers & Intelligent Control Sys, Taiyuan, Peoples R China.
   [Xue, Xiaohui] Shanxi Transportat Technol Res & Dev Co Ltd, Taiyuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Hubei University of Arts & Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan
   Institute of Rock & Soil Mechanics, CAS; Taiyuan University of
   Technology
RP Fu, XD (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
EM xdfu@whrsm.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 5
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD AUG 2
PY 2021
VL 9
AR 710031
DI 10.3389/feart.2021.710031
SC Geology
UT WOS:000685073600001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, YS
   Wu, LZ
   Gu, J
AF Wang, Yunsheng
   Wu, L. Z.
   Gu, Jin
TI Process analysis of the Moxi earthquake-induced Lantianwan landslide in
   the Dadu River, China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Dadu River; Lantianwan landslide; Earthquake-induced landslide; 3D
   discrete element modeling; Formation mechanism
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TIBETAN PLATEAU; XIANSHUIHE FAULT; HAZARD;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; FAILURE; MODEL; SICHUAN; DAMS; ZONE
AB Many large-scale landslides have occurred along the Dadu River, in particular in the middle section of the river, located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The large-scale Lantianwan landslide was triggered by the 1786 Moxi earthquake (M-s = 7.75) at Luding, Sichuan province, China. Field investigations and 3D discrete element methods were used to examine the landslide formation mechanism and simulate landslide movement. The evolution of the landslide can be divided into four stages: initiation, high-speed motion, debris flow, and accumulation and river blocking. The results indicate that tension cracking and horizontal sliding were the geological origins of the Lantianwan landslide. The Moxi earthquake combined with the magnifying effect of the topography and the back slope formed deep-dip tensile structural planes in the Lantianwan slope, which triggered the landslide.
C1 [Wang, Yunsheng; Wu, L. Z.; Gu, Jin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Wu, LZ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM cewulz@gmail.com
TC 25
Z9 27
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD OCT
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 7
BP 4731
EP 4742
DI 10.1007/s10064-018-01438-2
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000486020300005
ER

PT J
AU Chang, M
   Tang, C
   Van Asch, TWJ
   Cai, F
AF Chang, Ming
   Tang, Chuan
   Van Asch, Th. W. J.
   Cai, Fei
TI Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken
   area, South West China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flow; Numerical simulation; Hazard
   assessment
ID INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SIMULATION; PROVINCE; TAIWAN; RISK
AB The Longxi river basin with the city of Dujiangyan, in the Sichuan province of South West China, belongs to the seismic area of the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Lots of loose co-seismic materials were present on the slopes, which in later years served as source material for rainfall-induced debris flows. A total of 12 debris flows, were triggered by heavy rainfall on August 13, 2010 in the study area. The FLO-2D numerical analysis software was adopted to simulate debris flows intensity, including movement velocities and maximum flow depths. A comparison of the measured fan spreading with the simulation results, the evaluation parameter Omega was used to verify accuracy of simulation, the results show Omega values ranging between 1.37 and 1.65 indicating relative good simulation results. This study also estimated the flood hydrograph for various recurrence intervals (20, 100, and 200 years, respectively) to perform scenario simulations of debris flows, and followed Swiss and Austrian standards to establish a debris flow hazard classification model on the basis of a combination of the debris flow intensity and the recurrence period. This study distinguishes three hazard classes: low, medium, and high. This proposed approach generated a debris flow hazard distribution map that could be used for disaster prevention in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China.
C1 [Chang, Ming; Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab GeoHazard Prevent & GeoEnvironm Pro, Chengdu 650023, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Van Asch, Th. W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Utrecht, Netherlands.
   [Cai, Fei] Gunma Univ, Dept Environm & Engn Sci, Maebashi, Gunma 3768515, Japan.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Utrecht University; Gunma University
RP Chang, M (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab GeoHazard Prevent & GeoEnvironm Pro, Chengdu 650023, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM changmxq@126.com
TC 78
Z9 100
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD OCT
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 5
BP 1783
EP 1792
DI 10.1007/s10346-017-0824-9
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000410840000015
ER

PT J
AU Zhuang, JQ
   Cui, P
   Ge, YG
   He, YP
   Liu, YH
   Guo, XJ
AF Zhuang, Jian-Qi
   Cui, Peng
   Ge, Yong-Gang
   He, Yi-Ping
   Liu, Ying-Hui
   Guo, Xiao-Jun
TI Probability assessment of river blocking by debris flow associated with
   the Wenchuan Earthquake
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
AB This paper assesses the probability of the main stream in the Dujiangyan-Wenchuan reach of the Minjiang River becoming blocked by debris flows in response to the Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May 2008, on the basis of analyses of remote sensing data and ground investigations. Background information of debris flow gullies was developed from field investigations and high-resolution remote sensing image interpretation, and was used to estimate the maximum discharge per unit width by means of the revised model of debris flow magnitude according to the situation after the Earthquake. Based on improved discrimination equations of river blocking induced by debris flow, 29 debris flow gullies were evaluated and classified as four probability levels: extreme high, high, moderate and low. The results show that most of the debris flow gullies were at or over moderate hazard level, accounting for 72.4% of the total area. The present results provide a scientific basis for the prevention, elusion and mitigation of debris flow hazards and will contribute to the reconstruction of an earthquake prone area.
C1 [Zhuang, Jian-Qi; Cui, Peng; Ge, Yong-Gang; He, Yi-Ping; Guo, Xiao-Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhuang, Jian-Qi; Cui, Peng; Ge, Yong-Gang; He, Yi-Ping; Guo, Xiao-Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhuang, Jian-Qi; Guo, Xiao-Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Ying-Hui] Lanzhou Univ, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Lanzhou
   University
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 24
Z9 26
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 13
BP 3465
EP 3478
AR PII 924662979
DI 10.1080/01431161003730873
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000280282000010
ER

PT J
AU Liu, JF
   Kana, N
   You, Y
AF Liu Jinfeng
   Kana, Nakatani
   You Yong
TI Debris Flow Deposition Prediction based on Numerical Simulation: a Case
   study of Mozi Gully, Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China
SO DISASTER ADVANCES
DT Article
DE Debris Flow; Deposition Prediction; Numerical Simulation; Mozi Gully;
   Wenchuan Earthquake
AB Wenchuan Earthquake triggered large numbers of collapses and landslides which provided abundant loose solid materials for debris flow. Debris flows were very active and caused great damages in the earthquake-hit area. Many important facilities had been constructed on debris flow alluvial fan and thus will be threatened by debris flows inevitably after the post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, it is necessary to study the deposition prediction which can provide basis for the prevention and reduction of debris flows. This paper presented a case study on the debris flow deposition prediction based on numerical simulation by using Kanako 2D. The deposition ranges were simulated under the 1%, 2% and 10% debris flow frequencies. The simulation results show that debris flows will continue to block the Min River and raise the water level of the upstream barrier lake. A channel was suggested to be constructed on the alluvial fan to change the debris flow direction and avoid blocking the Min River based on the simulation results.
C1 [Liu Jinfeng; You Yong] Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Kana, Nakatani] Kyoto Univ, Dept Eros Control Engn, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Kyoto University
RP Liu, JF (corresponding author), Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM Liujf@imde.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU DISASTER ADVANCES
PI INDORE
PA SECTOR AG-80, SCHEME NO 54, VIJAY NAGAR, A B RD, INDORE, 452010, INDIA
SN 0974-262X
EI 2278-4543
PD OCT
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 4
BP 1486
EP 1490
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000313100100255
ER

PT J
AU Deng, QH
   Gong, LX
   Zhang, LP
   Yuan, RM
   Xue, YQ
   Geng, XK
   Hu, SX
AF Deng, Qinghai
   Gong, Linxian
   Zhang, Liping
   Yuan, Renmao
   Xue, Yongqiang
   Geng, Xuke
   Hu, Shanxiang
TI Simulating dynamic processes and hypermobility mechanisms of the
   Wenjiagou rock avalanche triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using
   discrete element modelling
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Wenjiagou rock avalanche; Discrete element method; Dynamic processes;
   Hypermobility mechanisms; 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
ID MASS MOVEMENT; LANDSLIDE; DEBRIS; MOBILITY; CLASSIFICATION;
   FRAGMENTATION; STURZSTROMS; SLOPE
AB The discrete element method is well suited for simulating the cracks and subsequent large displacements of catastrophic landslides or rock avalanches, and is therefore a useful tool for analysing their complicated dynamic processes and hypermobility mechanisms. In this study, particle flow code was used to investigate the dynamic processes and hypermobility mechanisms of the Wenjiagou rock avalanche triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Characterization of the avalanche dynamics was achieved using a model comprising four stages: failure rupture, projectile motion, granular debris flow, and debris mass accumulation. The results show that collision on the valley floor was the main factor causing the fragmentation of the Wenjiagou rock avalanche. The upper and front edge of the landslide body were the most likely to move over a long distance. The results also show that friction was the main source of energy dissipation during the entirety of the avalanche movement. The high gravitational potential energy of the avalanche was the basis of the high mobility. In addition, because of their effects on energy dissipation, the low basal friction coefficient, favourable block movement, and topographical conditions played key roles in the rapid, long-runout Wenjiagou avalanche process.
C1 [Deng, Qinghai; Gong, Linxian; Zhang, Liping; Xue, Yongqiang; Geng, Xuke; Hu, Shanxiang] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Shandong Prov Key Lab Deposit Mineralizat & Sedim, Coll Earth Sci & Engn, 579 Qianwangang Rd, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China.
   [Yuan, Renmao] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 Shandong University of Science & Technology; China Earthquake
   Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Deng, QH (corresponding author), Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Shandong Prov Key Lab Deposit Mineralizat & Sedim, Coll Earth Sci & Engn, 579 Qianwangang Rd, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China.
EM dqh5027@163.com
TC 29
Z9 32
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD AUG
PY 2017
VL 76
IS 3
BP 923
EP 936
DI 10.1007/s10064-016-0914-2
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000407347000008
ER

PT J
AU Stone, R
AF Stone, Richard
TI Wenchuan earthquake - Scientists race against the clock to gauge
   landslide risk
SO SCIENCE
DT News Item
TC 6
Z9 12
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
PD JUN 13
PY 2008
VL 320
IS 5882
BP 1408
EP 1408
DI 10.1126/science.320.5882.1408
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000256676400005
ER

PT J
AU Hu, W
   Xu, Q
   van Asch, TWJ
   Zhu, X
   Xu, QQ
AF Hu, W.
   Xu, Q.
   van Asch, T. W. J.
   Zhu, X.
   Xu, Q. Q.
TI Flume tests to study the initiation of huge debris flows after the
   Wenchuan earthquake in S-W China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Co-seismic landslide deposits; Debris flow; Flume tests; Erosion rate
ID 13 AUGUST 2010; ENTRAINMENT; MODEL
AB In the Wenchuan area in the southwest of China, a huge amount of loose co-seismic landslide material was deposited on slopes during the Wenchuan earthquake of May 2008. These loose deposits formed the source material for rainfall-induced debris flows or shallow landslides in the years after the earthquake. On August 13, 2010, about 20 large debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall in the area around the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. Field reconnaissance revealed that the initiation of these post-earthquake debris flows was closely related to severe erosion of the loose deposits.
   Flume tests were carried out to study the initiation mechanism of these post-earthquake debris flows and the related influencing factors. The flume was instrumented with ten combination sets of suction and pore-pressure sensors. These sensors were accompanied by TDR probes to measure the soil water content. The flume has a length of 2.5 m and a width of 1.5 m.
   A series of 26 tests was conducted to study the influence of slope gradient and discharge on the initiation mechanism and scale of the debris flows. The amount of debris-flow discharge was obtained by collecting the washed out deposits every 20 s.
   The experimental results showed that the initiation mechanism of debris flows for gentle slopes and steep slopes was different. On steeper slope, incision by run-off water was very rapid initiating directly the start of a debris flow. The debris flow volume increased rapidly by a chain of subsequent cascading processes starting with collapses of the side walls, damming and breaching leading to a rapid widening of the erosion channel. At gentler slopes less intensive run-off incision caused an accumulation of material down slope, which, after saturation, failed as shallow slides transform in a second stage into debris flows. It was demonstrated that the slope was the dominant factor in controlling the scale of the debris flows while the effect of discharge on erosion and the size of the debris flows was less clear. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hu, W.; Xu, Q.; van Asch, T. W. J.; Zhu, X.; Xu, Q. Q.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 650023, Peoples R China.
   [van Asch, T. W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Utrecht University
RP Xu, Q (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 650023, Peoples R China.
EM xuqiang_68@126.com
TC 35
Z9 39
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV 19
PY 2014
VL 182
SI SI
BP 121
EP 129
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.006
PN B
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000347133600003
ER

PT J
AU Peng, M
   Zhang, LM
   Chang, DS
   Shi, ZM
AF Peng, M.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Chang, D. S.
   Shi, Z. M.
TI Engineering risk mitigation measures for the landslide dams induced by
   the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Dam breach; Erosion; Landslides; Risk assessment;
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID BREAK EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; DYNAMIC DECISION-MAKING; PART 2 APPLICATION;
   HSIAOLIN VILLAGE; SIMULATION; TAIWAN
AB More than 257 sizable landslide dams were induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which required timely risk mitigation measures. This paper aims to summarize the engineering measures taken to mitigate the landslide-dam risks; provide a method for optimal design of spillways to minimize the risks; and quantitatively evaluate practical options for spillway design with a physically-based dam breach model. The engineering measures taken to mitigate the risks of 37 highly hazardous landslide dams induced by the Wenchuan earthquake are summarized. An optimization method is proposed and applied to the spillway design for the Tangjiashan landslide dam, which is the largest one caused by the Wenchuan earthquake. It is found that the peak outflow rate could be reduced from the recorded 6500 m(3)/s to 2900 m(3)/s using the optimal design. A spillway with a shallow and broad cross section is suitable for low-erodibility dams, while a spillway with a deep and narrow cross section is suitable for high-erodibility dams. A spillway with a large longitudinal gradient is beneficial for high-erodibility dams with large dam widths and gentle downstream dam slopes. A spillway close to one bank can reduce the peak outflow rate if the bank is erosion resistant. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Peng, M.; Shi, Z. M.] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Ministiy Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Chang, D. S.] AECOM Asia Co Ltd, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 77
Z9 91
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT 8
PY 2014
VL 180
SI SI
BP 68
EP 84
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.016
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000344422700007
ER

PT J
AU Liu, DL
   Zhou, J
   Sang, XJ
   Tang, D
   Zhang, SJ
   Chen, Q
AF Liu, Dunlong
   Zhou, Jing
   Sang, Xuejia
   Tang, Dan
   Zhang, Shaojie
   Chen, Qiao
TI Machine learning-based identification of potential debris flow
   catchments in the Wenchuan earthquake region
SO EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS
DT Article
DE Catchment identification; Debris flows; K-Nearest neighbors; Logistic
   regression; Random forest; Self-Organizing map; Stacking; Support vector
   machine; Wenchuan earthquake region
ID SUSCEPTIBILITY
AB An early identification of catchments with potential for debris flow (debris flow catchments) is a fundamental step in the investigation and early warning of debris flow disasters. However, when identifying potential debris flow catchments at regional scales, certain methodological challenges exist, such as the subjective determination of drainage area thresholds during catchment delineation, the lack of systematic criteria for selecting negative samples (non-debris-flow catchments), and low model accuracy. To address these issues, we employ the river network density method to achieve a more reasonable delineation of catchment units compared to traditional methods. Additionally, a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is employed to improve the identification of non-debris-flow catchments. Factors closely associated with debris flow formation related to topography, material sources, and climate are selected as input features. By leveraging the stacking ensemble method, which includes the Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms, a model for identifying potential debris flow catchments is produced. To evaluate the performance of the model, the Wenchuan earthquake area in the northwestern Sichuan Basin was used, where potential debris flow catchments were extracted from the ensemble and compared with the results of individual logistic regression (logit), RF, KNN, SVM models. The comparison of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, Area Under the Curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score reveals that the stacking ensemble model achieves values of 0.967, 0.918, 0.918, 0.895, and 0.906, respectively, all of which are higher than those for the individual models. The identification of potential debris flow catchments using this ensemble model can help to screen areas for the deployment of debris flow forecasting and early warning, thereby supporting disaster prevention and mitigation efforts.
C1 [Liu, Dunlong; Zhou, Jing; Sang, Xuejia; Tang, Dan] Chengdu Univ Informat Technol, Coll Software Engn, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Dunlong; Zhou, Jing; Sang, Xuejia; Tang, Dan] Software Engn Technol Res Support Ctr Informatizat, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Shaojie] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Qiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Chongqing Inst Green & Intelligent Technol, Chongqing 400714, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Information Technology; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Chongqing Institute of Green & Intelligent
   Technology, CAS
RP Sang, XJ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Informat Technol, Coll Software Engn, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.; Sang, XJ (corresponding author), Software Engn Technol Res Support Ctr Informatizat, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
EM ldl@cuit.edu.cn; 5220243@cuit.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1865-0473
EI 1865-0481
PD OCT 2
PY 2025
VL 18
IS 4
AR 515
DI 10.1007/s12145-025-01990-y
SC Computer Science; Geology
UT WOS:001586037900001
ER

PT J
AU Ni, HY
   Zheng, WM
   Tie, YB
   Su, PC
   Tang, YQ
   Xu, RG
   Wang, DW
   Chen, XY
AF Ni, H. Y.
   Zheng, W. M.
   Tie, Y. B.
   Su, P. C.
   Tang, Y. Q.
   Xu, R. G.
   Wang, D. W.
   Chen, X. Y.
TI Formation and characteristics of post-earthquake debris flow: a case
   study from Wenjia gully in Mianzhu, Sichuan, SW China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Wenjia gully; Debris flow; Formation mechanism;
   Characteristic
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL INTENSITY; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION
   CONTROL; RANGE
AB During the three flood seasons following the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, two catastrophic groups of debris flow events occurred in the earthquake-affected area: the 2008-9-24 debris flow events, which had a serious impact on rebuilding; and the 2010-8-13/14 debris flow events, which destroyed much of the progress made in rebuilding. The Wenjia gully is a typical post-earthquake debris flow gully and at least five debris flows have occurred there. As far as the 2010-8-13 debris flow is concerned, the deposits of the Wenjia gully debris flow reached a volume of 3.1 x 10(6) m(3) in volume and hundreds of newly built houses were buried. This study took the Wenjia gully debris flow as an example and discussed the formation and characteristics of post-earthquake debris flow on the basis of field investigations and a remote sensing interpretation. The conclusions drawn from the investigation and analysis were as follows: (1) Post-earthquake debris flows were a joint result of both the earthquake and heavy rainfall. (2) Gully incision and loose material provision are key processes in the initiation and occurrence of debris flows and a cycle can be presented as the following process: runoff-erosion-collapse-engulfment-debris flow-further erosion-further collapse-further engulfment-debris flow enlargement. (3) The amount of rainfall that triggered debris flows from the Wenjia gully was significantly less than the average daily rainfall, while the intraday rainfall threshold decreased by at least 23.3%. (4) The occurrence mechanism of Wenjia gully debris flow was an erosion type and there was a positive relationship between debris flow magnitude and rainfall, which fitted an exponential model. (5) There were five representative characteristics of Wenjia gully debris flow: the long duration of the occurring process; the long distance of deposition chain conversion during the process of damage; magnification in the scale of debris flow; and the high frequency of debris flow events.
C1 [Ni, H. Y.; Zheng, W. M.; Tie, Y. B.; Tang, Y. Q.; Xu, R. G.; Wang, D. W.; Chen, X. Y.] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Inst Geol & Mineral Resources, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Su, P. C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Ni, HY (corresponding author), China Geol Survey, Chengdu Inst Geol & Mineral Resources, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
EM nihuayong@126.com
TC 40
Z9 47
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 61
IS 2
BP 317
EP 335
DI 10.1007/s11069-011-9914-5
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000299955600002
ER

PT J
AU Yang, F
   Fan, XM
   Wei, ZL
   Subramanian, SS
   Van Asch, TWJ
   Xu, Q
AF Yang, Fan
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Wei, Zhenlei
   Subramanian, Srikrishnan Siva
   Van Asch, Theo W. J.
   Xu, Qiang
TI Modelling the evolution of debris flows after the 2008 Wenchuan
   earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Material depletion; Grain coarsening; Revegetation;
   Numerical simulation; Wenchuan earthquake
ID 13 AUGUST 2010; LANDSLIDE EROSION; ERODIBILITY; HILLSLOPE; IMPACT;
   RIVER; MOBILIZATION; MECHANISMS; RESISTANCE; MORPHOLOGY
AB Strong earthquakes can trigger extensive landslides, generating abundant loose deposits that are prone to be remobilized as debris flows by subsequent rainfall events. The magnitude-frequency distribution of post earthquake debris flows often changes significantly over time. However, the key parameters controlling the post-earthquake debris flow activity and magnitude were poorly understood. In this study, we selected representative catchment in the Wenchuan earthquake-hit region to study the activity of debris flows from 2008 to 2020, as well as the changes in parameters due to material depletion, grain size coarsening and vegetation recovery. Samples were collected from the field in different years after the earthquake and were tested in the laboratory to obtain their geotechnical properties. A numerical model was improved by considering the changing properties to fit better to dynamic conditions after the earthquake. We found that the particle size of the loose material gradually coarsened, the shear strength showed an increasing trend, while the erodibility coefficient of loose material showed a decreasing trend. The evolution of these parameters controlled the magnitude-frequency of post-earthquake debris flows and also changed their behavior from slope failures in the first few years after the earthquake to concentrated surface runoff erosion (channel erosion) in later years. The results have an important implication for risk assessment and prediction of future debris flows in earthquake-prone regions.
C1 [Yang, Fan; Fan, Xuanmei; Wei, Zhenlei; Subramanian, Srikrishnan Siva; Van Asch, Theo W. J.; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Subramanian, Srikrishnan Siva] Indian Inst Technol Roorkee, Ctr Excellence Disaster Mitigat & Management, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
   [Van Asch, Theo W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Indian Institute of Technology System
   (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Roorkee; Utrecht
   University
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 8
Z9 9
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG
PY 2023
VL 321
AR 107152
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107152
EA MAY 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001001988100001
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, JW
   Cui, P
   Yang, XG
AF Zhou Jiawen
   Cui Peng
   Yang Xingguo
TI Effects of Material Composition and Water Content on the Mechanical
   Properties of Landslide Deposits Triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake
SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION
DT Article
DE landslide deposits; particle size distribution; water content; shear
   strength parameters; numerical modeling
ID SHEAR-STRENGTH; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR; ZONES; RIVER
AB Abundant landslide deposits were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, providing a rich source of material for subsequent debris flows or slope failures under rainfall conditions. A good understanding of the physical and mechanical properties of the landslide deposits is very important to the research on slope failure mechanisms and the initiation of debris flow. Laboratory biaxial compression tests are used to study the material compositions and water content impacts on the mechanical properties of landslide deposits, and a discrete element method (a bond-contact model) is used to study the particle stiffness, bond force, friction coefficient and confining stress impact on the mechanical behaviors and the relationships between the numerical and experimental parameters. The experimental results show that the failure stress of landslide deposits is decreased with increasing content of fine particles and also with increased water content, especially at the initial increasing stage. Cohesion of the saturated landslide deposits is increased, but the friction angle is decreased with the increase in the fme particle content. Shear strength parameters (the cohesion and friction angle) are decreased with the increasing water content at the initial increasing stage, and then, they slowly decrease. There is a critical value of the water content at 5%-7% (in weight) for the failure stress and shear strength parameters of the landslide deposits. Quadratic equations are presented to describe the relation between the bond force and cohesion, and the numerical friction coefficient and the experimental friction angle.
C1 [Zhou Jiawen] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou Jiawen] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cui Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yang Xingguo] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Sichuan University
RP Zhou, JW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Zhou, JW (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM jwzhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 20
Z9 25
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1000-9515
EI 1755-6724
PD FEB
PY 2016
VL 90
IS 1
BP 242
EP 257
DI 10.1111/1755-6724.12655
SC Geology
UT WOS:000371440500019
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, MJ
   Zhou, GGD
   Cui, KFE
   Song, DR
   Lu, XQ
AF Zhou Ming-jun
   Zhou, Gordon G. D.
   Cui, Kahlil Fredrick E.
   Song Dong-ri
   Lu Xue-qiang
TI Influence of inflow discharge and bed erodibility on outburst flood of
   landslide dam
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Inflow discharge; Erodible bed; Outburst flood
ID DEBRIS-FLOW; PEAK OUTFLOW; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HSIAOLIN VILLAGE;
   BREACH; SIMULATION; FAILURE; HYDROGRAPH; EROSION; TAIWAN
AB Accurate prediction of the hydrographs of outburst floods induced by landslide dam overtopping failure is necessary for hazard prevention and mitigation. In this study, flume model tests on the breaching of landslide dams were conducted. Unconsolidated soil materials with wide grain size distributions were used to construct the dam. The effects of different upstream inflow discharges and downstream bed soil erosion on the outburst peak discharge were investigated. Experimental results reveal that the whole hydrodynamic process of landslide dam breaching can be divided into three stages as defined by clear inflection points and peak discharges. The larger the inflow discharge, the shorter the time it takes to reach the peak discharge, and the larger the outburst flood peak discharge. The scale of the outburst floods was found to be amplified by the presence of an erodible bed located downstream of the landslide dam. This amplification decreases with the increase of upstream inflow. In addition, the results show that the existence of an erodible bed increases the density of the outburst flow, increasing its probability of transforming from a sediment flow to a debris flow.
C1 [Zhou Ming-jun; Zhou, Gordon G. D.; Cui, Kahlil Fredrick E.; Song Dong-ri; Lu Xue-qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou Ming-jun; Zhou, Gordon G. D.; Cui, Kahlil Fredrick E.; Song Dong-ri; Lu Xue-qiang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Zhou, GGD (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Zhou, GGD (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM mjzhou@imde.ac.cn; gordon@imde.ac.cn; kfcui@imde.ac.cn;
   drsong@imde.ac.cn; luxuegiangi8@mails.ucas.ac.cn
TC 31
Z9 32
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 4
BP 778
EP 792
DI 10.1007/s11629-018-5312-8
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000464752500005
ER

PT J
AU Tang, CA
   Zhu, J
   Qi, X
AF Tang, Chuan
   Zhu, Jing
   Qi, Xin
TI Landslide hazard assessment of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: a case
   study in Beichuan area
SO CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL
DT Article
DE landslides; hazard mapping; index-based method; geographical information
   system (GIS); Wenchuan earthquake; Beichuan area
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN PROVINCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS; RISK
   ASSESSMENT; ZONATION; MANAGEMENT; HIMALAYA; IMPACT; TURKEY; RIVER
AB The Wenchuan earthquake (magnitude Ms = 8.0) of 12 May 2008 triggered widespread and large-scale landslides over an area of about 50 000 km(2). A study was undertaken to determine the primary factors associated with seismic landslide occurrence. An index-based approach used to assess earthquake-triggered landslide hazard in the central part of the Wenchuan earthquake area affected is described. Slope gradient, relief amplitude, lithology, bedding-slope relations, fault proximity, stream proximity, and antecedent rainfall are recognized as factors that may have had an important influence on landslide occurrence. The assessment of the influence of each of these factors is presented through use of a series of maps showing areas of low, moderate, high, and very high landslide hazard. Areas identified as having "very high and high landslide hazard" were located along the earthquake-source fault and along both banks of the Jian River. The role of rainfall is very significant for future landslide occurrence in the earthquake area. The results of this study will assist decision makers in the selection of safe sites during the reconstruction process. The maps can also be used for landslide risk management in the study area.
C1 [Tang, Chuan; Zhu, Jing; Qi, Xin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM tangc707@gmail.com
TC 43
Z9 50
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0008-3674
EI 1208-6010
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 1
BP 128
EP 145
DI 10.1139/T10-059
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000285556400010
ER

PT J
AU Hu, KH
   Cui, P
   Wang, CC
   Li, Y
   Lu, XB
AF Hu Kaiheng
   Cui Peng
   Wang Chuanchang
   Li Yong
   Lu Xiaobing
TI Characteristic rainfall for warning of debris flows
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Wenchuan earthquake; warning rainfall threshold; statistics
   of daily rainfall distribution
ID MOBILIZATION; LANDSLIDES; DURATION; MODEL
AB A characteristic rainfall is introduced to overcome the difficulties encountered in determining a critical rainfall value for triggering debris flow. The characteristic value is defined as the rainfall at which debris-flow occurrence probability shows a rapid increase, and can be used as a warning rainfall threshold for debris flows. Investigation of recorded debris flows and 24-hour rainfall data at Jiangjia basin, Yunnan Province, in southwestern China, demonstrates the existence of such a characteristic rainfall. It was found that the characteristic rainfall corresponds to the daily rainfall of 90% cumulative probability by analyzing the basin's daily rainfall histogram. The result provides a simple and useful method for estimating a debris-flow warning rainfall threshold from the daily rainfall distribution. It was applied to estimate the debris-flow warning rainfall threshold for the Subaohe basin, a watershed in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake zone with many physical characteristics similar to those of the Jiangjia basin.
C1 [Hu Kaiheng; Cui Peng; Wang Chuanchang; Li Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Hu Kaiheng; Cui Peng; Wang Chuanchang; Li Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Hu Kaiheng; Cui Peng; Wang Chuanchang; Li Yong] Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Lu Xiaobing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Mechanics, CAS
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM khhu@imde.ac.cn
TC 25
Z9 30
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD SEP
PY 2010
VL 7
IS 3
BP 207
EP 214
DI 10.1007/s11629-010-2022-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000280555900001
ER

PT J
AU Luo, YT
   Chen, M
   Wang, LJ
   Tang, Y
   Ma, S
AF Luo, Yuting
   Chen, Ming
   Wang, Lijuan
   Tang, Yao
   Ma, Song
TI Mechanisms and river blocking effects of clustering debris flows on 20
   August 2019 along the Minjiang River, Wenchuan, China
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; debris flow; river blocking effect; OpenLISEM
ID EARTHQUAKE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MODEL
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake generated a large amount of co-seismic debris, which supplied an abundant material source for post-earthquake debris flow activities, leading to a significant increase in the frequency and magnitude of post-earthquake debris flows. Residents and infrastructures will continue to be threatened by the hazard chain of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas. Further understanding of the formation mechanism, activity characteristics, and cascading effects of post-earthquake clustering debris flows is of great significance to geohazard prevention and urban planning. This work first analyzed the topographic characteristics, triggering rainfall and material source supply of clustering debris flows based on detailed field investigations and aerial observations. Subsequently, we analyzed the characteristics of debris flow blocking the river for the typical catchments and their influencing factors. Meanwhile, we comprehensively assessed the debris flow blocking river effect in the Xiazhuang catchment based on indicators such as the threshold particle size of dam-forming solid material, the minimum volume of solid material for blocking the river, and the probability of blocking the river. Finally, we used OpenLISEM, a multi-hazard model, to reproduce the hazard chain process of debris flow blocking the river on 20 August 2019 in the Xiazhuang catchment and obtained the movement parameters along the path. Based on the simulation results, we analyzed the dynamic process of debris flow dam formation and flood inundation. The results show that the model performed well in predicting the chain process of debris flow blocking the river. Our work provides further insights and an assessment framework for the hazard chain of post-earthquake debris flow blocking rivers.
C1 [Luo, Yuting; Wang, Lijuan; Tang, Yao; Ma, Song] Sichuan Anxin Kechuang Technol Co Ltd, Chengdu 610045, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Yuting; Wang, Lijuan; Tang, Yao; Ma, Song] Sichuan Acad Safety Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610045, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Luo, YT (corresponding author), Sichuan Anxin Kechuang Technol Co Ltd, Chengdu 610045, Peoples R China.; Luo, YT (corresponding author), Sichuan Acad Safety Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610045, Peoples R China.
EM lytgeoscience@163.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES
PI BANGALORE
PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA
SN 2347-4327
EI 0973-774X
PD FEB 6
PY 2025
VL 134
IS 1
AR 45
DI 10.1007/s12040-024-02502-0
SC Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:001415310600002
ER

PT J
AU Bai, SB
   Xu, Q
   Wang, J
   Zhou, PG
AF Bai, Shibiao
   Xu, Qiang
   Wang, Jian
   Zhou, Pinggen
TI Pre-conditioning Factors and Susceptibility Assessments of Wenchuan
   Earthquake Landslide at the Zhouqu Segment of Bailongjiang Basin, China
SO JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF INDIA
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Wenchuan earthquake; Zhouqu segment; China
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; GIS; HAZARD; ISLAND
AB In this study, we present a landslide susceptibility assessment carried out after the devastating 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. For the Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang basin in north-western China landslide susceptibility was computed by a logistic regression method. This region has been experiencing landslides for a long time, and numerous additional slope failures were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The data used for this study consists of slope failures attributed to the 2008 earthquake, the 878 post Wenchuan earthquake landslides and collapses inventory build up by combination the field investigation, monoscopic manual interpretation, image classification and texture analysis using SPOT 5 and ALOS remote-sensing image data. All data derived from remote sensing images are validated during field investigations. The landslide pre-disposing factor database was constructed. A digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30 x 30 m resolution, orthophotos, geological and land-use maps and information on peak ground acceleration data from the 2008 earthquake is used. The statistical analysis of the relation between Wencuan earthquake-triggered landslides and pre-disposing factors show the great influence of lithological and topographical conditions for earthquake-triggered slope failures. The quality of susceptibility mapping was validated by splitting the study area into a training and validation set. The prediction capability analysis showed that the landslide susceptibility map could be used for land planning as well as emergency planning by local authorities in this region.
C1 [Bai, Shibiao; Wang, Jian] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Natl Educ Adm, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Inivers Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Pinggen] China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing Normal University; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Bai, SB (corresponding author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Natl Educ Adm, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM shibiaobai21@163.com
TC 10
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA 7TH FLOOR, VIJAYA BUILDING, 17, BARAKHAMBA ROAD, NEW DELHI, 110 001,
   INDIA
SN 0016-7622
EI 0974-6889
PD NOV
PY 2013
VL 82
IS 5
BP 575
EP 582
SC Geology
UT WOS:000328452600016
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Zhang, LM
   Glade, T
AF Zhang, S.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Glade, T.
TI Characteristics of earthquake- and rain-induced landslides near the
   epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslides; Rain-induced landslides; Debris flows; Slope stability; Risk
   analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; RUNOUT CHARACTERISTICS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; DEBRIS
   FLOW
AB Numerous landslides were triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, particularly near the epicenter. During the rainy season in 2010 after the earthquake, much of the landslide debris was reactivated, causing a large number of fatalities. The earthquake has a significant impact on the subsequent rain-induced landslides. Based on interpretation of satellite images taken in 2008 and 2010, combined with yearly field investigations, this paper attempts to (1) map the earthquake-induced landslides near the epicenter; (2) present the distribution of the landslides occurring during a subsequent extreme storm in the same area; and (3) compare the distribution characteristics of the earthquake-induced landslides and the rain-induced landslides. Through this study, the following findings were obtained: (1) the internal relief of the landslides in the study area is much higher than that in other affected regions of the Wenchuan earthquake zone; (2) the landslide area in hard rocks (i.e. the granite and diorite zones) is much larger than that in alluvium; (3) the volume of hill-slope loose deposits decreased while the volume of channel deposits increased during the process of mass transportation caused by rainfall after the earthquake; (4) during the rainy seasons after the earthquake, the density of landslides increased while the area of landslides decreased significantly and the type of landslides transformed from debris slides to debris flows; and (5) the rain-induced landslides are less steeper than the earthquake-induced landslides. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, S.; Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Glade, T.] Univ Vienna, Dept Geog & Reg Res, A-1010 Vienna, Austria.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of Vienna
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM zhangshuaiqj@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk; thomas.glade@univie.ac.at
TC 106
Z9 114
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JUN 10
PY 2014
VL 175
BP 58
EP 73
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.012
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000336704400006
ER

PT J
AU Cui, P
   Guo, CX
   Zhou, JW
   Hao, MH
   Xu, FG
AF Cui, Peng
   Guo, Chao-xu
   Zhou, Jia-wen
   Hao, Ming-hui
   Xu, Fu-gang
TI The mechanisms behind shallow failures in slopes comprised of landslide
   deposits
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide deposit; Shallow failure; Rainfall infiltration; Surface
   runoff; Fine particle migration
ID DEBRIS FLOW INITIATION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL; SOIL;
   MOBILIZATION; SICHUAN; DAMAGE; AREA
AB In areas hit by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred in Sichuan Province, China, debris flows are often generated from landslide deposits during heavy rainstorms. The broadly graded and unconsolidated landslide deposits respond to rainfall in very complex mechanical and hydraulic manners. An artificial rainfall test was conducted to simulate the rainfall infiltration and surface runoff processes occurring on the landslide deposit slope at the Wenjiagou Gully, China, with heavy rainfall rates (140 mm/h) incorporated. An innovative flume was designed to collect the slope interflow and surface runoff separately. Sensors to monitor the pore water content (PWP) and volumetric water content (VWC) were deployed. The results indicated that there were four stages in the hydrological response of landslide deposits during the artificial rain event: infiltration, a slow increase in interflow (surface runoff begins), a rapid increase in interflow (surface runoff slowly increases) and a steady state. Bed gradient increase will lead to PWP rapidly ascending and regressive failure happening. Concomitant with the observed increases in PWP and VWC, the shear strength of the landslide deposits decreased and led to the occurrence of small-scale shallow failures. Surface runoff, interflow and fine particle migration effects are presented to interpret the process of shallow failure. And although shallow slope failure is the result of interaction with the above three factors induced by rainfall, the key underlying factor is the characteristically loose structure of landslide deposits. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cui, Peng; Guo, Chao-xu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Chao-xu] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Jia-wen; Hao, Ming-hui; Xu, Fu-gang] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Jia-wen; Hao, Ming-hui; Xu, Fu-gang] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Sichuan University; Sichuan University
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 94
Z9 109
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT 8
PY 2014
VL 180
SI SI
BP 34
EP 44
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.009
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000344422700004
ER

PT J
AU Chen, M
   Tang, C
   Xiong, J
   Shi, QY
   Li, N
   Gong, LF
   Wang, XD
   Tie, Y
AF Chen, M.
   Tang, C.
   Xiong, J.
   Shi, Q. Y.
   Li, N.
   Gong, L. F.
   Wang, X. D.
   Tie, Y.
TI The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area
   of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide activity; Evolution; Vegetation recovery
ID LOOSE GRANULAR DEPOSITS; DEBRIS FLOWS; VEGETATION RECOVERY; INITIATION;
   IMPACTS; EROSION; THRESHOLD; MECHANISM; PATTERN; RUNOUT
AB The Wenchuan earthquake triggered numerous landslides and damaged vast areas of vegetation. Strong mountain earthquakes have long-term impacts on the activities of subsequent landslides. It is crucial for long-term geohazard risk assessment to investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of post-earthquake landslides. We used multi-year images from 2008 to 2018 to track the reactivation of coseismic landslides and newly occurring landslides to evaluate the influence of the Wenchuan earthquake on subsequent rain-induced landslides. With the aid of a GIS platform combined with field investigations, we analyzed the temporal and spatial evolutions of landslide activities over the past ten years and the factors controlling these changes. In addition, the process of vegetation recovery at landslide sites in the epicentral area was detected based on multi-year Landsat TM data after the Wenchuan earthquake. We observed that the total area of active landslides decreased significantly with time. In the first 5 years (2008-2013), the vegetation recovered quickly but was not well rehabilitated, and post-seismic landslides generally maintained high activity levels. Due to progressive revegetation and consolidation, most of the coseismic deposits along the hillslopes gradually stabilized. Subsequently (2013-2018), landslide activity weakened and mainly occurred in high and steep areas with poor vegetation recovery, particularly in proximity to the drainage network. Decreasing occurrence of rain-induced landslides was closely related to vegetation recovery in both time and space, and vegetation recovery could promote the reduction in post-earthquake landslide activities. We also proposed a quantitative model for the landslide rate in the epicentral area of the Wenchuan earthquake, which shows that the enhanced landslide rate reached its peak after the earthquake and will decrease to the pre-earthquake level in 25 years. The evolution of the post-seismic landslide activity can be categorized into four stages: high active period (2008-2013), low active period (2013-2018), recovery period (2018-2033), and stable period (after 2033). (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, M.; Tang, C.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Q. Y.; Li, N.; Gong, L. F.; Wang, X. D.; Tie, Y.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 97
Z9 107
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29a, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD OCT 15
PY 2020
VL 367
AR 107317
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107317
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000564546600005
ER

PT J
AU Jiao, YY
   Tian, HN
   Wu, HZ
   Li, HB
   Tang, HM
AF Jiao, Yu-Yong
   Tian, Hu-Nan
   Wu, Huo-Zhen
   Li, Hai-Bo
   Tang, Hui-Ming
TI Numerical and experimental investigation on the stability of slopes
   threatened by earthquakes
SO ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslide; Resonance modal analysis; Wenchuan
   earthquake; Spectrum characteristics; Intrinsic frequency
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; INDUCED LANDSLIDES;
   WAVE-PROPAGATION; JOINTED ROCK; CHINA; SIMULATION; DDA
AB This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the safety of slopes threatened by strong earthquakes. Based on the theory of modal analysis, the proposed approach analyzes the seismic landslide spectrum, including the calculation of the landslide intrinsic frequency and the investigation of the resonance effect. The concept and the solution of the resonance index (RI) of the seismic landslide are also proposed. By using the VC++ computer language, corresponding dynamic finite element program, namely Analysis of Seismic Landslide Spectrum (ASLS), is developed. To verify the proposed method, three examples are presented: a fixed-end beam, a specially designed landslide vibration experiment, and the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The obtained numerical and experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively evaluate the safety of seismic landslides. It is suggested that the resonance phenomenon of landslides should be considered in the landslide treatment and the seismic design.
C1 [Jiao, Yu-Yong; Tian, Hu-Nan; Wu, Huo-Zhen; Li, Hai-Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Hui-Ming] China Univ Geosci, Fac Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan Institute of Rock & Soil Mechanics,
   CAS; China University of Geosciences
RP Jiao, YY (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
EM yyjiao@whrsm.ac.cn
TC 6
Z9 7
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1866-7511
EI 1866-7538
PD JUL
PY 2015
VL 8
IS 7
BP 4353
EP 4364
DI 10.1007/s12517-014-1509-5
SC Geology
UT WOS:000357101200006
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
TI Comment on "Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by
   2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China" by Shengwen Qi, Qiang Xu, Hengxing
   Lan, Bing Zhang, Jianyou Liu [Engineering Geology 116 (2010) 95-108]
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Editorial Material
DE Wenchuan earthquake triggered landslides; Landslide inventory; Spatial
   distribution; Statistical analysis; Resonance effect
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 23
Z9 39
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD APR 26
PY 2012
VL 133
BP 40
EP 42
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.02.017
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000303177800005
ER

PT J
AU Chen, RD
   Liu, XN
   Cao, SY
   Guo, ZX
AF Chen RiDong
   Liu XingNian
   Cao ShuYou
   Guo ZhiXue
TI Numerical simulation of deposit in confluence zone of debris flow and
   mainstream
SO SCIENCE CHINA-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES
DT Article
DE torrential flood; debris flow; confluence zone; FEM
AB Abundant solid materials were formed as a result of landslide and collapse due to Wenchuan earthquake. The solid source around mountains would form a debris flow when appropriate rain condition occurs. Such a debris flow is structurally very large and strong, and the river flow can hardly wash away the deposit when the debris flow enters into the mainstream. As a result, the deposit on the river bed due to debris flow will cause a series of hazards. Based on the previous researches and relevant data, this paper simplified the interaction between debris flow and current of the main river, and adopted the finite element characteristic-based-split algorithm which is favorable to the stabilization of dealing with the convection. Finally, the numerical model of the confluence of debris flow deposit and main river was developed, and the deposit progress of the mega-debris flow from Wenjiagou in Mianyuan river was reproduced. Furthermore, the influence of the deposit on the flow route of the main river, and distribution of velocity and water depth were analyzed. The results showed that the simulation deposit terrain qualitatively agreed with the field data through comparison, including the deposit area and depth distribution. Furthermore, the improvement of the model in future was discussed.
C1 [Chen RiDong; Liu XingNian; Cao ShuYou; Guo ZhiXue] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University
RP Guo, ZX (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM scugzx@scu.edu.cn
TC 14
Z9 17
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-7321
EI 1869-1900
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 54
IS 10
BP 2618
EP 2628
DI 10.1007/s11431-011-4510-1
SC Engineering; Materials Science
UT WOS:000294960500010
ER

PT J
AU Kang, C
   Ren, DX
   Gao, XF
   Han, CT
   Wang, YX
AF Kang, Chao
   Ren, Dongxing
   Gao, Xiaofeng
   Han, Chuntan
   Wang, Yuxi
TI Study of kinematic characteristics of a rock avalanche and subsequent
   erosion process due to a debris flow in Wenjia gully, Sichuan, China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Rock avalanche; Debris flow; Erosion; Deposition; Numerical simulation
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE; MODEL; ENTRAINMENT; RUNOUT;
   MECHANISMS; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; SLIDES; SOIL
AB This paper aims to systematically study kinematic characteristics of Wenjiagou rock avalanche triggered by the M8.0 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and one of subsequent debris flows that occurred on August 13, 2010 (8.13 debris flow), using a numerical approach. The kinematic characteristics of the rock avalanche are back-calculated using an energy-based runout model. The erosion process of the subsequent rainfall-induced debris flow is analyzed using a progressive scouring entrainment model incorporated in the energy-based runout model. The results indicate that Wenjiagou rock avalanche traveled farther than most other rock avalanches with a maximum velocity of approximately 73 m/s detected at about 1700 m away from the source zone. The erosion of the 8.13 debris flow mainly occurred right after the dam failure which contributes to more than 97% of the total eroded volume. Besides, four different scenarios, including no blockage of the runoff (scenario I), no dam failure (scenario II), dam failure at the end of precipitation (scenario III), and no erodible material (scenario IV), are supposed to study the effect of the failure of a check dam on the erosion characteristics of the debris flow. The results reveal that the blockage of the channel without failure could reduce 86% of the total volume and the failure of check dams is the main reason for the destructive consequence of the 8.13 debris flow. This paper proposes an approach to explore kinematic characteristics of a rock avalanche and erosion process of the subsequent rainfall-induced debris flows and also innovatively provides a method to indirectly assess mitigation strategies that can be used for the design of mitigation projects.
C1 [Kang, Chao] Univ Northern British Columbia, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Prince George, BC, Canada.
   [Ren, Dongxing; Gao, Xiaofeng] Chengdu Surveying Geotech Res Inst Co Ltd MCC, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Han, Chuntan] Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yuxi] Gansu Prov Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Inst Geol & Mineral Explorat 3, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Northern British Columbia; MCC Capital Engineering &
   Research Incorporation Limited; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Kang, C (corresponding author), Univ Northern British Columbia, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Prince George, BC, Canada.
EM chao.kang@unbc.ca
TC 5
Z9 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD MAR
PY 2021
VL 106
IS 1
BP 937
EP 964
DI 10.1007/s11069-021-04501-6
EA JAN 2021
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000610487100002
ER

PT J
AU Huang, RQ
   Li, WL
AF Huang, Runqiu
   Li, Weile
TI Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan
   earthquake area, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Mianyuan River; Landslide activity; Long-term
   impact; Debris flow; Rainfall
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; HAZARDS
AB The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 triggered tens of thousands of landslides and produced large amounts of loose material. The loose material accumulated in gullies or on slopes provides abundant sources for the consequent debris flows, which will endanger resettled residents and destroy urban reconstruction. During the 5 years following the Wenchuan earthquake event, heavy rainfalls have already induced a great number of debris flows in the earthquake-damaged area, resulting in serious casualties and property losses. The coseismic landslides and the debris flows induced by rainfalls in the Mianyuan River basin are analyzed using multi-temporal remote sensing images. More than 2000 landslides were triggered and about 4.0 x 10(8) m(3) of loose material was generated in the Mianyuan River basin, and the volume of erodible material is 6.0 x 10(7) - 1.6 x 10(8) m(3). There were 1.27 x 10(7) m(3) of bed load sediments and 6.3 x 10(5) m(3) suspended load sediments transported into the river system in the past 5 years. The active mass movements will last for a long period in the Mianyuan River basin. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Huang, Runqiu; Li, Weile] Chengdu Univ Technol, State key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Li, WL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM whylwl01@163.com
TC 155
Z9 170
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV 19
PY 2014
VL 182
SI SI
BP 111
EP 120
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.07.008
PN B
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000347133600002
ER

PT J
AU Cui, P
   Zhang, JQ
   Yang, ZJ
   Chen, XQ
   You, Y
   Li, Y
AF Cui, Peng
   Zhang, Jianqiang
   Yang, Zongji
   Chen, Xiaoqing
   You, Yong
   Li, Yong
TI Activity and distribution of geohazards induced by the Lushan
   earthquake, April 20, 2013
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Lushan earthquake; Landslide and avalanche; Debris flow; Dammed lake;
   Hazard mitigation
ID RUPTURE PROCESS
AB An Ms7.0 earthquake, focal depth 13 km, struck Lushan on April 20, 2013, caused 196 deaths and 21 missing, 13,484 injuries, and affected more than two million people. A field investigation was taken immediately after the quake, and the induced hazards were analyzed in comparison with the Wenchuan earthquake. We have identified 1,460 landslides and avalanches and four dammed lakes, which were generally small and concentrated on high elevation. Avalanches and rockfalls developed in cliffs and steep slopes of hard rocks, including Jinjixia of Baosheng Town and Dayanxia of Shuangshi Town, Lushan, and the K317 section the Xiaoguanzi section north to Lingguan Town along the provincial highway S210. Landslides were relatively less, mainly in moderate and small scales, developing in sandstone, shale, and loose colluviums. Only one single large landslide was observed to turn into debris slide-flow. Dammed lakes were formed by avalanches and landslides, all in small size and of low danger degree. The earthquake-induced hazards distributed in belt on the hanging wall along the faults, and their major controlling factors include tectonics, lithology, structure surface, and landform. More than 99 % landslides were within 30 km to the epicenter, and 678 within 10 km, accounting for 46 % of the total; about 50 % landslides were distributed on slopes between 35A degrees and 55A degrees, and 11 % on slope exceeding 75A degrees; 60 % on slopes at the altitudes between 1,000 and 1,500 m, 77 % on slopes between 900 and 1,500 m; and 24 and 62 % in hard rocks and section between hard and soft rocks, respectively. Compared with the case of Wenchuan earthquake, both the number and extension of landslides and avalanches in Lushan earthquake-affected area are much smaller, only 5.53 % in number and 0.57 % in area. The earthquake has increased the instability of slope and potentiality of landslide and debris flow. Accordingly, the active period is expected to be relatively short comparing with that in Wenchuan earthquake-hit area. However, the insidious and concealed hazards bring difficulty for risk investigation.
C1 [Cui, Peng; Zhang, Jianqiang; Yang, Zongji; Chen, Xiaoqing; You, Yong; Li, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 19
Z9 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD SEP
PY 2014
VL 73
IS 2
BP 711
EP 726
DI 10.1007/s11069-014-1100-0
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000340490100033
ER

PT J
AU Wang, C
   Zhang, H
   Wu, F
   Zhang, B
   Tang, YX
   Wu, HA
   Wen, XY
   Yan, DM
AF Wang, Chao
   Zhang, Hong
   Wu, Fan
   Zhang, Bo
   Tang, Yixian
   Wu, Hongan
   Wen, Xiaoyang
   Yan, Dongmei
TI Disaster phenomena of Wenchuan earthquake in high resolution airborne
   synthetic aperture radar images
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; High Resolution SAR; SAR Simulation; Damage
   Assessment
AB The devastating Wenchuan Earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province, Southwestern China, with a magnitude of 8.0 on May 12, 2008. Most buildings along the seismic zone were ruined, resulting in infrastructure damage to factories, traffic facilities and power supplies. The earthquake also triggered geological disasters, such as landslides, debris flow, landslide lakes, etc. During the rescue campaign the remote sensing aircrafts of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), equipped with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical sensors, flew over the disaster area and acquired many high resolution airborne SAR images. We first describe the basic characteristics of SAR imagery. The SAR images of buildings are simulated, and the backscattering mechanism of the buildings is analyzed. Finally, the various disaster phenomena are described and analyzed in the high resolution airborne SAR images. It is shown that certain phenomena of ruins could be identified clearly in high resolution SAR images in proper imaging conditions, while the functional destruction is quite difficult to detect. With calibrated data, the polarmetric SAR interferometry could be used to analyze the scattering mechanism and 3D distribution of the scattering center, which are redound to earthquake damage assessment.
C1 [Wang, Chao; Zhang, Hong; Wu, Fan; Zhang, Bo; Tang, Yixian; Wu, Hongan; Wen, Xiaoyang; Yan, Dongmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100086, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP Wang, C (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100086, Peoples R China.
EM cwang@ceode.ac.cn; zhangh61@sina.com; fwu@ceode.ac.cn;
   bozhang@ceode.ac.cn; tang_yx@msn.com; wha_105@yahoo.com.cn;
   wenxyg@gmail.com; dmyan@ceode.ac.cn
TC 23
Z9 26
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1931-3195
PD MAY 26
PY 2009
VL 3
SI SI
AR 031690
DI 10.1117/1.3154558
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000271878700012
ER

PT J
AU Yang, Y
   Tang, CX
   Tang, C
   Chen, M
   Cai, YH
   Bu, XH
   Liu, C
AF Yang, Yu
   Tang, Chenxiao
   Tang, Chuan
   Chen, Ming
   Cai, Yinghua
   Bu, Xianghang
   Liu, Chang
TI Spatial and temporal evolution of long-term debris flow activity and the
   dynamic influence of condition factors in the Wenchuan
   earthquake-affected area, Sichuan, China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flow database; Spatial -temporal evolution;
   Condition factors
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; 13 AUGUST 2010;
   IMPACT; THRESHOLD; BEICHUAN; REGION; RUNOUT
AB In recent decades, there have been several extreme earthquakes around the world, with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake resulting in the highest number of landslides and substantial deposition of loose material on steep terrain and deep gullies, thereby promoting post-earthquake debris flows. Our monitoring indicates that debris flows have become long-term threats for over a decade after the earthquake, and it is crucial to determine the long-term spatial and temporal changes of debris flows and the evolving influence of condition factors in the earthquake-affected area. Thus, we established a database of 1628 debris flow events occurring between 2000 and 2020 within the 31,627 km2 area affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. The database included information on the date of occurrence, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) coordinate at the gully outlet, event washout volume, and scale level obtained from various sources. Post-seismic debris flow activity witnessed a significant increase, followed by oscillation with rainfall and gradual weakening. Using the average washout volume for each scale in different periods, we applied a grid calculation method to characterize the debris flow intensity (DFI) using the total debris flow volume of cells in different epochs to study the spatial and temporal evolution of debris flow activity. Thus, based on the DFI calculation, we introduced the certainty factor and Geodetector to determine the dynamic evolution of condition factors. Our results indicate that lithology, rainfall, and slope degree primarily controlled debris flows before the earthquake. However, coseismic landslides became the main promoting factor after the earthquake. As loose materials were consumed, hydrodynamic and topographic factors began to play a more significant role in controlling debris flows. During this process, the requirements for rainfall, slope degree, and terrain relief amplitude increased over time. Based on the annual volume of debris flows from 2000 to 2020, we developed a preliminary conceptual model, which indicated that post-earthquake debris flow activity can be categorized into three phases: active (2008-2013), unstable (2014-2033), and recession (2034-2045), with the debris flow activity anticipated to return to pre-earthquake levels by 2045.
C1 [Yang, Yu; Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Yu] Chengdu Geol Environm Monitoring Stn, Chengdu 610042, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Yu; Cai, Yinghua] Zhaozhi Future Technol Chengdu Co Ltd, Chengdu 610096, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chenxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
   [Bu, Xianghang] State Grid Sichuan Elect Power Res Inst, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Chang] China Wanrong Construct Engn Co Ltd, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Tang, CX (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
EM c.tang@imde.ac.cn
TC 21
Z9 23
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD AUG 15
PY 2023
VL 435
AR 108755
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108755
EA JUN 2023
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001012413000001
ER

PT J
AU Li, L
   Yu, B
   Zhu, YB
   Chu, SM
   Wu, YF
AF Li, Li
   Yu, Bin
   Zhu, Yunbo
   Chu, Shengming
   Wu, Yufu
TI Topographical factors in the formation of gully-type debris flows in
   Longxi River catchment, Sichuan, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Topography factor; Longxi River; Wenchuan earthquake; Gully-type debris
   flow
ID LANDSLIDE HAZARD; FREQUENCY RATIO
AB There are three groups of factors: topography, geology and hydrology which have influence on the formation of gully-type debris flows. In this paper, a single representative factor (T-factor) for the topography is proposed, which can be used to define threshold values for debris flow formation. This study was carried out in the Longxi River catchment, located in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake hit area. During a heavy rainfall event on August 13, 2010, 34 gully-type debris flows were triggered. In some catchments, no debris flows were triggered even though these catchments were in the vicinity of gullies with triggered debris flows. The formation mechanism of the triggered debris flows is the runoff-induced mechanism. The influence of the topography on the formation of debris flows in gullies with almost identical hydrological and geological conditions was isolated and analyzed. A new T-factor is proposed in this study as a topographical indicator which is a combination of the form factor, the average gradient of the stream, the catchment size, and the percentage of the catchment area with a slope gradient sensitive to trigger debris flows. Higher T-factor values are generally related to higher probabilities of debris flow formation. The T-factor can be used to predict the formation of debris flows in the sub-catchments of the Longchi River catchment. The T-factor was successfully validated in debris flow gullies with the same initiation mechanism in the Cida River catchment, Sichuan, China.
C1 [Li, Li; Yu, Bin; Zhu, Yunbo] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Chu, Shengming] Sichuan Chuanjian Geotech Survey & Design Inst, Chengdu 610017, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Yufu] Emergent Geohazards Ctr Jiangxi Prov, Nanchang 330025, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Yu, B (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM drbinyu@yahoo.com
TC 12
Z9 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD APR
PY 2015
VL 73
IS 8
BP 4385
EP 4398
DI 10.1007/s12665-014-3722-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000351453600034
ER

PT J
AU Liu, W
   Yan, SX
   He, SM
AF Liu, Wei
   Yan, Shuaixing
   He, Siming
TI A simple method to evaluate the performance of an intercept dam for
   debrisflow mitigation
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris-flow mitigation; Intercept dam performance evaluation; Two-phase
   debris flow; Dam collapse; Solid-fluid separation
ID FLOW IMPACT; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; BARRIERS; RECONSTRUCTION; ENTRAINMENT;
   SIMULATION; AVALANCHES; LANDSLIDE; MODEL
AB This study aimed to establish a simple approach to evaluate the performance of an intercept dam during a debris-flow event. We applied the two-phase debris-flow model proposed by Pudasaini (2012) and combined it with the dam moment-balance equation, to describe the state of the debris flow and the structural integrity and functions of such dams. To delineate dam performance, we introduced two new variables, representing reservoir capacity and anti-overturning stability of the dam, respectively. In addition, we developed a grid optimization technique to improve calculation efficiency. The feasibility of the proposed model was validated by simulating a debris-flow event in the Hongchun catchment, Sichuan, China, where a system of structures had been constructed to prevent debris flows, or to mitigate the possible hazard. Our results suggested that the process of debris-flow propagation and the variation in dam performance caused by the interaction between the debris motion and the dam were appropriately described. Further, we have presented a discussion on dam collapse and solid-fluid separation to clarify their effects on debris-flow mitigation.
C1 [Liu, Wei; Yan, Shuaixing; He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Wei; Yan, Shuaixing; He, Siming] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau
   Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS
RP He, SM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM hsm@imde.ac.cn
TC 28
Z9 31
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT
PY 2020
VL 276
AR 105771
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105771
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000576189100018
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZQ
   Liao, LP
   JinHu
AF Yang, Zhiquan
   Liao, Liping
   JinHu
TI Debris flows in the NiuQuan valley-the epicentre of Wenchuan Earthquake
SO DISASTER ADVANCES
DT Article
DE NiuQuan valley; debris flow; formation condition; control engineering
AB After 5.12 earthquake, NiuQuan valley becomes an area with frequent and dense debris flow disasters; so far, nine large-scale debris flows occurred. The three basic conditions making debris flow have well developed in this valley, namely the terrain conditions of high landform, deep canyon, steep slope angle, abundant loose solid materials and concentrative high strength precipitation in the annual rainy season, so it is in a developing stage now and large-scale rainfall induced debris flow disasters, with the larger damage and stronger wallop, will easily occur in the 5-10 year rainy season after earthquake. If considering to use directly the debris flow deposit in the main gully of NiuQuan valley, civil control engineering, constructed alternate landslide dams of earth and rock with about half of main gully width in the left and right sides of upper and middle of the accumulation area, landslide dams of earth and rock with approximately equal to main gully width in middle and lower of the accumulation area and slope with certain gradient and relative to gully orientation between two adjacent dam, can achieve dual-purpose of energy dissipation and consumption. The system for control engineering, combined civil control engineering with biological control engineering, has larger engineering practice to prevent debris flows in the valley.
C1 [Yang, Zhiquan] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Land Resources Engn, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan; Liao, Liping; JinHu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan; Liao, Liping; JinHu] Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Kunming University of Science & Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Yang, ZQ (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Land Resources Engn, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
EM yzq1983816@163.com
TC 2
Z9 2
PU DISASTER ADVANCES
PI INDORE
PA SECTOR AG-80, SCHEME NO 54, VIJAY NAGAR, A B RD, INDORE, 452010, INDIA
SN 0974-262X
EI 2278-4543
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 6
SI 3
BP 393
EP 403
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000321474200047
ER

PT J
AU Zhan, XY
   Hu, XD
   Jing, ZX
   Xu, WN
   Xia, D
   Ding, GJ
AF Zhan, Xiaoyu
   Hu, Xudong
   Jing, Zexin
   Xu, Wennian
   Xia, Dong
   Ding, Gujie
TI Variation in Debris-Flow-Prone Areas with Ecosystem Stability: A Case
   Study of the Qipan Catchment in the Wenchuan Earthquake Region
SO SUSTAINABILITY
DT Article
DE vegetation; sediment connectivity; ecosystem stability; Qipan catchment
ID SEDIMENT CONNECTIVITY; JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE; VEGETATION RECOVERY;
   LANDSLIDES; RIVER; COMPLEXITY; DIVERSITY; VALLEY; SOIL
AB The spatial distribution of vegetation in a basin has a far-reaching influence on the potential for sediment separation and transport capacity. However, many landslides induced by strong earthquakes have greatly changed the existing pattern, which further increases the probability of debris flow in a basin during heavy rainfall and has a significant impact on the stability of the basin. Thus, this study selected the debris flow basin in the Qipan catchment of the Wenchuan earthquake area as the research object. Multisource and high-precision remote sensing images were used to analyze the land use changes in the basin, and the index of connectivity (IC) was introduced to analyze the evolution of sediment transport capacity. An ecosystem stability assessment method suitable for post-earthquake debris flow basins was proposed. Through quantitative assessment of the ecosystem stability of the basin after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and the two debris flow events after the earthquake, the dynamic relationship between the debris-flow-prone area and the ecosystem stability of the basin was revealed. The results showed that the stability of the ecosystem in the Qipan catchment increased annually, indicating a stable and substable state. The spatial distribution characteristics were lower in the north and south and greater in the middle. By comparing the evaluation results with the actual terrain change trend, the accuracy and feasibility of the evaluation method are verified. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the formulation of regional disaster prevention strategies and help to accelerate the improvement of regional stability in debris-flow-prone areas.
C1 [Zhan, Xiaoyu; Hu, Xudong; Xu, Wennian; Xia, Dong; Ding, Gujie] China Three Gorges Univ, Hubei Prov Engn Res Ctr Slope Habitat Construct Te, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Zhan, Xiaoyu; Xu, Wennian] China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Biol & Pharmaceut Sci, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xudong; Jing, Zexin; Xu, Wennian; Ding, Gujie] China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
C3 China Three Gorges University; China Three Gorges University; China
   Three Gorges University
RP Hu, XD (corresponding author), China Three Gorges Univ, Hubei Prov Engn Res Ctr Slope Habitat Construct Te, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.; Hu, XD (corresponding author), China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
EM 202107130021026@ctgu.edu.cn; hxd@ctgu.edu.cn;
   202108590021159@ctgu.edu.cn; xwn@ctgu.edu.cn; xiadong2015@ctgu.edu.cn;
   202208590021122@ctgu.edu.cn
TC 2
Z9 3
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2071-1050
PD MAY
PY 2024
VL 16
IS 9
AR 3855
DI 10.3390/su16093855
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001219929500001
ER

PT J
AU Bai, SB
   Wang, J
   Zhang, ZG
   Cheng, C
AF Bai, Shibiao
   Wang, Jian
   Zhang, Zhigang
   Cheng, Chen
TI Combined landslide susceptibility mapping after Wenchuan earthquake at
   the Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang Basin, China
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Wenchuan earthquake; Multi-temporal
   landslides; Zhouqu to Wudu segment; China
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HAZARD; GIS; MODELS; ISLAND
AB In this study, two separate landslide susceptibility maps using multi-temporal landslide and Wenchuan earthquake triggered landslide datasets were carried out based on GIS and logistic regression model at Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang Basin in North-western China. This region has already been strongly affected by landslides for a long time, and numerous additional slope failures were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The data used for this study consists of two landslide inventories, of which the first lists historical landslides and the latter contains only slope failures attributed to the 2008 earthquake. Additional data sources include landslide causative factor such as a digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30x30 m(2) resolution, orthophotos, geological and land-use maps, precipitation records and information on peak ground acceleration data from the 2008 earthquake. The comparison of the two computed maps shows that susceptibility classes are consistent for over 58% of study area. Changes of one or more classes were observed for approximately 36% and 6%, respectively. Finally, both susceptibility maps were combined to describe the maximum likelihood of landslide occurrences. The overall high prediction rates of the calculated susceptibility maps make them an ideal basis for the use within regional spatial planning as well as for the organization of emergency actions by local authorities. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bai, Shibiao; Wang, Jian; Zhang, Zhigang; Cheng, Chen] Nanjing Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Coll Geog Sci, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing Normal University
RP Bai, SB (corresponding author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Coll Geog Sci, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM shibiaobai@njnu.edu.cn
TC 90
Z9 103
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD DEC
PY 2012
VL 99
BP 18
EP 25
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2012.06.012
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000308973900003
ER

PT J
AU Hu, XD
   Zhou, LQ
   Liu, WM
   Wang, H
   Cui, L
AF Hu Xu-dong
   Zhou Li-qin
   Liu Wei-ming
   Wang Hao
   Cui Lei
TI Geomorphic effect of debris-flow sediments on the Min River, Wenchuan
   Earthquake region, western China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris-flow sediment; Longitudinal profile; River curvature; Min River;
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID ROCK-UPLIFT RATES; LANDSLIDES; LANDSCAPES; MOUNTAIN; DYNAMICS; EROSION;
   IMPACT; AREA
AB Coseismic landslides and subsequent mobilization of sediment greatly aggravated the landscape evolution and river sedimentation after the Wenchuan earthquake. The debris-flow alluvial fan and river morphological index was combined to describe quantitatively the effects of debris-flow sediment on the river characteristics in Longmen Mountains. The section of the Min River from the urban area of the Wenchuan county to the epicenter, the Yingxiu town in this county, was selected as the study area. We identified 27 river-blocking debris-flows (5 partial-, 7 semi-, 7 over semi-, and 5 fully-blocking degrees) in the study area via remote sensing interpretation and field survey. Based on this, the response of river longitudinal profile and curvature to debris-flow sediment was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the channel gradient has decreased due to debris-flow aggradation, while two marked peaks in the river steepness index (k(sn), represents the relative steepness degree of the channel) changed from 585 m(0.9) to 732 m(0.9) in zone 1, from 362 m(0.9) to 513 m(0.9) in zone 2. Moreover, the main channel has undergone substantial lateral migration with channel width decreased and river curvature increased. The temporal and spatial variation between river morphological characteristics and debris-flow sediments in short-term provides insights into the internal dynamic role of mass wasting processes in river morphology, which could be served as useful information for natural hazards management to prevent the river from being blocked by episodically debris flows after the earthquake.
C1 [Hu Xu-dong] China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou Li-qin; Liu Wei-ming; Wang Hao] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou Li-qin; Liu Wei-ming; Wang Hao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou Li-qin] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Cui Lei] China Renewable Energy Engn Inst, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 China Three Gorges University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,
   CAS
RP Hu, XD (corresponding author), China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
EM hxd@ctgu.edu.cn; zhoulq@imde.ac.cn; liuwm@imde.ac.cn;
   wanghao@itpcas.ac.cn; 42353565@qq.com
TC 9
Z9 11
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD SEP
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 9
BP 2427
EP 2440
DI 10.1007/s11629-021-6816-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000698385600015
ER

PT J
AU Banihabib, ME
   Tanhapour, M
AF Banihabib, Mohammad Ebrahim
   Tanhapour, Mitra
TI An empirical equation to determine the threshold for rainfall-induced
   landslides developing to debris flows
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Dimensional analysis; Experimental flume; Multivariate
   regression; Rainfall simulator
ID INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLD; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INITIATION;
   PERFORMANCE; SLOPES; DESIGN
AB This study derives an empirical equation to determine the rainfall threshold that triggers landslides and subsequent debris flows. In this research, the contribution of different factors, especially various sediment layer thicknesses, was assessed on the landslide leading to debris flows. Bed slope, sediment thickness, sediment mean diameter, sediment layer length, rainfall intensity, and time of landslide occurrence were selected as the effective factors. Rainfall simulator device was used to create rainfall on the sediment sample. The effect of these factors on the landslide which leads to debris flow occurrence was investigated using dimensional analysis of experimental data. Then, linear and power regression models were tested by 30% of the total experimental data to estimate the rainfall-induced landslide. Determination coefficient (R-2), mean absolute relative error (MARE), and Akaike information criterion (AIC) were applied to determine the best equation. Results revealed that landslide often occurs at a rapid rate in the thicker deposits than the thinner one. The evaluation of linear and power equations demonstrated that two-variable power model was the best empirical equation for estimation of rainfall threshold in initiation of landslide and debris flows. The evaluation criteria including MARE, R-2, and AIC were estimated 0.044, 0.984, and - 25.93, respectively. In this equation, bed slope and the ratio of the time of landslide occurrence to the sediment layer length were used as the effective factors. This study can be used for assessment of the threshold of rainfall-induced landslide which finally leads to debris flow hazard.
C1 [Banihabib, Mohammad Ebrahim; Tanhapour, Mitra] Univ Tehran, Dept Irrigat & Drainage Engn, Aburaihan Campus, Tehran, Iran.
C3 University of Tehran
RP Banihabib, ME (corresponding author), Univ Tehran, Dept Irrigat & Drainage Engn, Aburaihan Campus, Tehran, Iran.
EM banihabib@lut.ac.ir; mitratanhapour@ut.ac.ir
TC 10
Z9 15
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD SEP
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 9
BP 2055
EP 2065
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01430-6
EA MAY 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000533804700001
ER

PT J
AU Hu, W
   Li, Y
   Fan, Y
   Xiong, MS
   Luo, H
   McSaveney, M
   Zheng, YS
   Tang, MG
AF Hu, Wei
   Li, Yan
   Fan, Yu
   Xiong, Mengsu
   Luo, Hui
   McSaveney, Mauri
   Zheng, Yangshuai
   Tang, Minggao
TI Flow amplification from cascading landslide dam failures: Insights from
   flume experiments
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Cascading failures; Scale amplification; Flume experiment
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS-FLOW; INITIATION; SENSITIVITY
AB The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake triggered numerous co-seismic landslides, and formed many landslide dams. Debris flows or floods during intense rainfall can cause the sequential collapse of those landslide dams. There is an amplification effect of the cascading landslide dam failures, which increases the magnitudes of debris flows or floods. Runs of flume experiments with different initial conditions were conducted to study the scale amplification effect. Among them, a large-scale flume experiment was performed to reduce the size effect of the miniaturized physical experiments to some extent. Experimental data such as the flow discharge, pore pressures, and microseismic and acoustic signals were used to investigate the dam failure processes and to quantify the amplification scale. The experimental results show that channel gradients and dam-failure patterns have significantly influences on the amplification effect. The intrinsic mechanism of the amplification effect can be interpreted from the perspective of energy, which is a progressive storage of potential energy and subsequent rapid release of the energy. Steep channel gradients imply greater potential energy and lower stability of the landslide dam. The sudden dam collapse related to internal pore pressure evolution will lead to rapid release of the accumulated potential energy to downstream, and cause a maximum instantaneous dam-break discharge. Experimental results show that the peak dam-break discharge caused by sudden failure can be 2-3 times that of overtopping, which should be fully considered to avoid underestimating the scale of the potential catastrophe.
C1 [Hu, Wei; Li, Yan; Fan, Yu; Xiong, Mengsu; Luo, Hui; McSaveney, Mauri; Zheng, Yangshuai; Tang, Minggao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [McSaveney, Mauri] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; GNS Science - New Zealand
RP Li, Y (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM 43133660@qq.com
TC 27
Z9 30
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD FEB
PY 2022
VL 297
AR 106483
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106483
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000788003000002
ER

PT J
AU Pan, HL
   Jiang, YJ
   Wang, J
   Ou, GQ
AF Pan, Hua-Li
   Jiang, Yuan-Jun
   Wang, Jun
   Ou, Guo-Qiang
TI Rainfall threshold calculation for debris flow early warning in areas
   with scarcity of data
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLDS; INDUCED SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; 13 AUGUST
   2010; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SHIKOKU ISLAND; INITIATION; MODEL; PATTERNS
AB Debris flows are natural disasters that frequently occur in mountainous areas, usually accompanied by serious loss of lives and properties. One of the most commonly used approaches to mitigate the risk associated with debris flows is the implementation of early warning systems based on well-calibrated rainfall thresholds. However, many mountainous areas have little data regarding rainfall and hazards, especially in debris-flow-forming regions. Therefore, the traditional statistical analysis method that determines the empirical relationship between rainstorms and debris flow events cannot be effectively used to calculate reliable rainfall thresholds in these areas. After the severe Wenchuan earthquake, there were plenty of deposits deposited in the gullies, which resulted in several debris flow events. The triggering rainfall threshold has decreased obviously. To get a reliable and accurate rainfall threshold and improve the accuracy of debris flow early warning, this paper developed a quantitative method, which is suitable for debris flow triggering mechanisms in meizoseismal areas, to identify rainfall threshold for debris flow early warning in areas with a scarcity of data based on the initiation mechanism of hydraulic-driven debris flow. First, we studied the characteristics of the study area, including meteorology, hydrology, topography and physical characteristics of the loose solid materials. Then, the rainfall threshold was calculated by the initiation mechanism of the hydraulic debris flow. The comparison with other models and with alternate configurations demonstrates that the proposed rainfall threshold curve is a function of the antecedent precipitation index (API) and 1 h rainfall. To test the proposed method, we selected the Guojuanyan gully, a typical debris flow valley that during the 2008-2013 period experienced several debris flow events, located in the meizoseismal areas of the Wenchuan earthquake, as a case study. The comparison with other threshold models and configurations shows that the selected approach is the most promising starting point for further studies on debris flow early warning systems in areas with a scarcity of data.
C1 [Pan, Hua-Li; Jiang, Yuan-Jun; Ou, Guo-Qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Pan, Hua-Li; Jiang, Yuan-Jun; Ou, Guo-Qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Jun] Guangzhou Inst Geog, Guangzhou 510070, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Guangdong Academy of Sciences;
   Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences
RP Jiang, YJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Jiang, YJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yuanjun.jiang.civil@gmail.com
TC 38
Z9 41
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PD MAY 17
PY 2018
VL 18
IS 5
BP 1395
EP 1409
DI 10.5194/nhess-18-1395-2018
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000432457400003
ER

PT J
AU Ma, C
   Hu, KH
   Tian, M
AF Ma, Chao
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Tian, Mi
TI Comparison of debris-flow volume and activity under different formation
   conditions
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Max debris-flow volume; Loose material volume; Erosion
   modulus; Wenchuan earthquake
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; TRANSPORT; IMPACTS;
   TORRENT; BASINS
AB Debris flows frequently occurred in Wenchuan earthquake region from 2008 to 2010, resulting in great damage to localities and being a prolonged threat to reconstruction. Forty three events' data including debris-flow volume, sediment volume and watershed area are analyzed and compared with other debris-flow events in Eastern Italian Alps, burned areas in USA and in Taiwan. The analysis reveals that there is a strong empirical relationship between debris-flow volume and loose materials volume in the earthquake region. In addition, the relationship between debris-flow volume and watershed area in the earthquake region has a wider variation range than that in other three regions while the debris volume also appears to be larger than that in the other three regions, which implies the volume of debris flows with strong influence of earthquakes is larger than that with no such influence and it is hard to predict the post-quake volume only by the watershed area. The comparison of the maximal debris-flow erosion modulus in the Wenchuan region and in Taiwan indicates that debris flows will be very active in a short time after strong earthquake.
C1 [Ma, Chao; Hu, Kaiheng; Tian, Mi] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Chao; Hu, Kaiheng; Tian, Mi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Chao; Hu, Kaiheng; Tian, Mi] Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Chao; Tian, Mi] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM khhu@imde.ac.cn
TC 35
Z9 39
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 67
IS 2
BP 261
EP 273
DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0557-6
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000318494300007
ER

PT J
AU Del Gaudio, V
   Wasowski, J
   Hu, W
   Capone, P
   Venisti, N
   Li, Y
AF Del Gaudio, V
   Wasowski, J.
   Hu, W.
   Capone, P.
   Venisti, N.
   Li, Y.
TI Ambient noise and ERT data provide insights into the structure of
   co-seismic rock avalanche deposits in Sichuan (China)
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Rock avalanche; Landslide dam structure; Site resonance; Ambient noise
   analysis; ERT
ID GROUND-MOTION CHARACTERISTICS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SITE RESPONSE;
   POLARIZATION ANALYSIS; LANDSLIDE; RECORDINGS; ARRAY; AREA
AB The post-seismic history of the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake shows that marginally stable deposits of large co-seismic landslide dams can pose persistent debris flow hazards for the downstream areas. Here, we combine analyses of single-station recordings of ambient noise with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys to explore the potential of drawing information on structure and geometry of the deposit of a large rock avalanche triggered by the Mw 7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which dammed the Yangjia stream in the Sichuan Province (China). The substantial thickness and heterogeneity of this kind of deposits limit the application of standard geophysical techniques, like active seismic surveys, which require highly energetic sources and long linear geophone arrays to reach adequate investigation depths. Passive single-station methods, relying on ambient noise recordings to determine site resonance properties, controlled by the contrast between soft surface layers and a stiffer substratum, offer the opportunity of investigating subsoil properties down to larger depths. In particular, we use a recently developed technique, which isolates the contribution of Rayleigh waves to ambient noise and draws information on sub-soil properties from the inversion of Rayleigh wave ellipticity curves plotted as function of frequency. In this framework, the ERT data can support the ellipticity curve inversion, typically affected by highly non-univocal solutions, by providing constraints for defining of the thickness of the uppermost surficial layers. The results allowed inferring the overlap of different layers within the 2008 rock avalanche deposit, as well as estimating lateral variations in their thickness and S-wave (Vs) velocities.
C1 [Del Gaudio, V; Capone, P.; Venisti, N.] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Geoambientali, Bari, Italy.
   [Del Gaudio, V; Hu, W.; Li, Y.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Wasowski, J.] CNR, Ist Ric Protez Idrogeol, Bari, Italy.
C3 Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Chengdu University of
   Technology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di
   Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI-CNR)
RP Del Gaudio, V (corresponding author), Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Geoambientali, Bari, Italy.; Del Gaudio, V (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM vincenzo.delgaudio@uniba.it
TC 9
Z9 9
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD SEP
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 9
BP 7153
EP 7170
DI 10.1007/s10064-021-02346-8
EA JUL 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000671647300001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, Q
   Fan, XM
   Huang, RQ
   Van Westen, C
AF Xu, Qiang
   Fan, Xuan-Mei
   Huang, Run-Qiu
   Van Westen, Cee
TI Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province,
   south west China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide dam; Barrier lake; Breach; Hazard
ID NEW-ZEALAND; FAILURE; ORIGIN
AB At 14:28 (Beijing time) on 12 May 2008, the catastrophic Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred just west of the Sichuan basin, China, causing severe damage and numerous casualties. It also triggered a large number of landslides, rock avalanches, debris flows etc. Some of the landslides formed natural dams in the rivers, with the potential secondary hazard of subsequent flooding. Through the interpretation of a series of aerial photographs and satellite images, 256 landslide dams were identified, although because of limited access, relatively detailed data were available for only 32. The paper presents statistical analyzes of the distribution, classification, characteristics, and hazard evaluation of these 32 dams. A case study of the 2.04 x 10(7) m(3) Tangjiashan landslide dam and the emergency mitigation measures undertaken is discussed.
C1 [Xu, Qiang; Fan, Xuan-Mei; Huang, Run-Qiu; Van Westen, Cee] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, Xuan-Mei; Van Westen, Cee] Int Inst Geoinfromat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Xu, Q (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM xuqiang_68@126.com; fanxuanmei@gmail.com
TC 205
Z9 247
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
PD AUG
PY 2009
VL 68
IS 3
BP 373
EP 386
DI 10.1007/s10064-009-0214-1
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000268294800010
ER

PT J
AU Yang, WT
   Qi, WW
   Wang, M
   Zhang, JJ
   Zhang, Y
AF Yang, Wentao
   Qi, Wenwen
   Wang, Ming
   Zhang, Jianjun
   Zhang, Yan
TI Spatial and temporal analyses of post-seismic landslide changes near the
   epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Post-seismic landslides; Spatial and temporal changes; Remote sensing;
   Debris flow
ID 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; VEGETATION RECOVERY; IMPACTS
AB Major earthquakes in mountain regions have persistent and significant influences on post-seismic landslides but their details have not been well understood. This work uses multi-year high-resolution satellite images and terrain parameters, such as elevation, slope, and aspect, to examine the topographic changes of post-seismic landslides. Despite disturbances during rainy months, landslide areas decreased significantly from 2008 to 2013 in all terrain parameters, indicating that landslide activity near the epicentre has been recovering to the pre-seismic level. The emergence of an increasingly active landslide type shows that landslide debris has been moving from hillslopes to valleys, which could impact post-seismic debris flows. The findings of this work provide important information for post-seismic infrastructure re-construction and disaster prevention in future mountain earthquake events. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yang, Wentao; Zhang, Jianjun; Zhang, Yan] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Wenwen] Beijing Twenty First Century Sci & Technol Dev Co, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ming] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ming] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Forestry University; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal
   University
RP Yang, WT (corresponding author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM yang_wentao@bjfu.edu.cn
TC 65
Z9 73
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JAN 1
PY 2017
VL 276
BP 8
EP 15
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.010
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000388777800002
ER

PT J
AU Liu, FZ
   Xu, Q
   Dong, XJ
   Yu, B
   Frost, JD
   Li, HJ
AF Liu, F. Z.
   Xu, Q.
   Dong, X. J.
   Yu, B.
   Frost, J. D.
   Li, H. J.
TI Design and performance of a novel multi-function debris flow mitigation
   system in Wenjia Gully, Sichuan
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenjia mitigation system; Debris flow; Early Warning System; Wenchuan
   Earthquake; Co-seismic landslide
ID 13 AUGUST 2010; RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; PREDICTION
   MODEL; DURATION CONTROL; CHINA; INTENSITY; EARTHQUAKE; COLORADO; HAZARDS
AB The post-earthquake debris flows in the Wenjia Gully led to the exposure of the shortcomings in the design of the original conventional debris flow mitigation system. A predicament for the Wenjia mitigation system is a large amount of loose material (est. 50 x 10(6) m(3)) that has been deposited in the gully by the co-seismic landslide, providing abundant source material for debris flows under saturation. A novel design solution for the replacement mitigation system was proposed and constructed, and has exhibited excellent performance and resilience in subsequent debris flows. The design was governed by the three-phase philosophy of controlling water, sediment, and erosion. An Early Warning System (EWS) for debris flow that uses real-time field data was developed; it issues alerts based on the probabilistic and empirical correlations between rainfall and debris flows. This two-fold solution reduces energy of the debris flow by combining different mitigation measures while minimizing the impact through event forecasting and rapid public information sharing. Declines in the number and size of debris flows in the gully, with increased corresponding rainfall thresholds and mean rainfall intensity-duration (I-D) thresholds, indicate the high efficacy of the new mitigation system and a lowered debris flow susceptibility. This paper reports the design of the mitigation system and analyzes the characteristics of rainfall and debris flow events that occurred before and after implementation of the system; it evaluates the effectiveness of one of the most advanced debris flow mitigation systems in China.
C1 [Liu, F. Z.; Xu, Q.; Dong, X. J.; Yu, B.; Li, H. J.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, F. Z.; Frost, J. D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University System of Georgia; Georgia
   Institute of Technology
RP Xu, Q (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM xuqiang_68@126.com
TC 43
Z9 47
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 6
BP 2089
EP 2104
DI 10.1007/s10346-017-0849-0
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000416361600016
ER

PT J
AU Meree, H
   Yan, SX
   Wang, DP
   Bi, YZ
AF Meree, Hani
   Yan, Shuai-xing
   Wang, Dong-po
   Bi, Yu-zhang
TI Behavior of traditional concrete dams and three-dimensional printed
   concrete dams under the debris flow impact
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Dam geometry; Impact force; Printing process; Viscous dissipation;
   Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian; Three-dimensional printed concrete
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; GRANULAR FLOWS; RIGID
   BARRIER; SPH MODEL; RUN-OUT; LANDSLIDE; PERFORMANCE; DEM; MECHANISMS
AB This study investigated the resilience of traditional concrete dams compared to 3D printed concrete dams (3DPC) when subjected to debris flow. Three types of dams, namely check dams, arch dams, and curve dams, were numerically analyzed using a three-dimensional Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) methodology. The research focused on critical factors such as impact force and viscous energy dissipation to compare dam performance. Additionally, the study examined the printing and service phases of 3DPC models, determining potential failure modes and analyzing printing parameters. The results demonstrated that 3DPC dams outperformed traditional concrete dams, with filament deposition orientation, perpendicular to the debris flow direction, identified as a pivotal factor. Infill percentage and pattern were also found to influence the behavior of 3DPC models. Notably, curved dams exhibited superior performance based on dam geometry. These findings have significant potential for advancing the development of resilient dam structures capable of withstanding debris flow impacts.
C1 [Meree, Hani; Yan, Shuai-xing; Wang, Dong-po] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Bi, Yu-zhang] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Fujian Agriculture & Forestry
   University
RP Yan, SX (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM hani.meree@hotmail.com; yansx@cdut.edu.cn; wangdongpo@cdut.edu.cn;
   byz690@yeah.net
TC 3
Z9 4
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD DEC
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 12
BP 3703
EP 3717
DI 10.1007/s11629-023-8059-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001135359800015
ER

PT J
AU Qiu, HJ
   Wei, YD
AF Qiu, Haijun
   Wei, Yingdong
TI Landslide Geomorphology: Pattern, Process and Stability
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Editorial Material
ID INDUCED SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION;
   LOESS SLIDES; MOUNTAINS; INSIGHTS
C1 [Qiu, Haijun; Wei, Yingdong] Northwest Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Shaanxi Key Lab Earth Surface Syst & Environm Carr, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.
   [Qiu, Haijun; Wei, Yingdong] Northwest Univ, Inst Earth Surface Syst & Hazards, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.
C3 Northwest University Xi'an; Northwest University Xi'an
RP Wei, YD (corresponding author), Northwest Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Shaanxi Key Lab Earth Surface Syst & Environm Carr, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.; Wei, YD (corresponding author), Northwest Univ, Inst Earth Surface Syst & Hazards, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.
EM yingdongwei@stumail.nwu.edu.cn
TC 7
Z9 7
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 36
IS 1
BP 327
EP 332
DI 10.1007/s12583-024-0131-z
SC Geology
UT WOS:001415470600008
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XL
   Liu, CG
   Yu, L
   Lin, CX
AF Chen, Xiao-Li
   Liu, Chun-Guo
   Yu, Lu
   Lin, Chuan-Xiang
TI Critical acceleration as a criterion in seismic landslide susceptibility
   assessment
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Earthquake-triggered landslides; Newmark's method; Critical
   acceleration; Potential landslide assessment; The Wenchuan earthquake
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; CHUETSU
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China triggered approximately 200,000 landslides. This study examined a detailed landslide inventory for the event. Based on Newmark's method, the correlation between critical acceleration and landslide occurrence was analyzed for the Beichuan region in Sichuan Province, where various kinds of geohazards occurred due to the earthquake. The results indicate that critical acceleration is a good and reliable criterion to assess slope stability, and that slope gradient and material component are important factors influencing landslide occurrences. It was found that external forces behave differently in different directions. Critical acceleration in horizontal direction is more important for assessing the stability of steeper slopes. This knowledge will help in the understanding of the mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides and facilitate the combined use of critical acceleration and landslide distribution maps for determining peak ground acceleration in a region without abundant seismic instrument records. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, Xiao-Li; Yu, Lu] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Chun-Guo] China Earthquake Networks Ctr, Beijing 100045, Peoples R China.
   [Lin, Chuan-Xiang] Beijing Inst Geol, Beijing 100120, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; China Earthquake Networks Center, CEA
RP Chen, XL (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM 04chxl@sina.com
TC 36
Z9 39
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JUL 15
PY 2014
VL 217
BP 15
EP 22
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.011
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000338818700002
ER

PT J
AU Sun, P
   Zhang, YS
   Shi, JS
   Chen, LW
AF Sun Ping
   Zhang Yongshuang
   Shi Jusong
   Chen Liwei
TI Analysis on the dynamical process of Donghekou rockslide-debris flow
   triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Dynamical process; Donghekou; Rockslide-debris flow; Wenchuan earthquake
ID LANDSLIDES
AB Among the geo-hazards caused by the great Wenchuan Earthquake, the rapid and long runout rockslide-debris flow is of primary concern due to the large volume of displaced material and the resultant catastrophic impacts to the landscape and socioeconomic structure. In order to analyze the dynamical process of this kind of geo-hazard, the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow is given as an example in this paper. This event, which killed 780 people, initiated at an elevation of 1300 m with a total long run-out distance of more than 2400 m. The slide mass is mainly composed of dolomite limestone and siliceous limestone of Sinian system, together with carbon slate and phyllite of Cambrian. During the processes from slide initiation to the final cessation of slide movement, five dynamic stages took place, here identified as the initiation stage, the acceleration of movement stage, the air-blast effect stage, the impact and redirection stage and the long runout slidematerial accumulation stage. Field investigations indicate that due to the effects of the earthquake, the dynamics of the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow are apparently controlled by geologic and tectonic conditions, the local geomorphological aspects of the terrain, and the microstructural and macroscopic mechanical properties of rocks which compose the slide mass. These three main factors which dictate the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow dynamics are discussed in detail in this paper, and significant results of field investigations and tests of materials are presented. The above dynamical processes are analyzed in this paper, and some useful conclusions have been gained.
C1 [Sun Ping; Zhang Yongshuang; Shi Jusong] Minist Land & Resources, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Sun Ping; Zhang Yongshuang; Shi Jusong] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Liwei] China Nucl Power Engn Corp Ltd, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; China
   Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; China
   Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd.
RP Sun, P (corresponding author), Minist Land & Resources, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM sunpingcgs@gmail.com
TC 26
Z9 33
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 2
BP 140
EP 148
DI 10.1007/s11629-011-2112-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000289004600005
ER

PT J
AU Chen, HY
   Li, X
   Chen, XQ
   Ruan, HC
   Wang, T
AF Chen, Huayong
   Li, Xiao
   Chen, Xiaoqing
   Ruan, Hechun
   Wang, Tao
TI Contrast experiments on breaching characteristics of landslide dams and
   debris-flow dams
SO CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL
DT Article
DE landslide dams; debris-flow dams; dam failure; downcutting coefficient
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; JINSHA RIVER; FAILURE; EROSION; CHINA
AB The difference in soil properties determines the different breaching characteristics exhibited by landslide dams (LDs) and debris-flow dams (DFDs). In this study, two types of soil were prepared by controlling the initial water content and the mixing time of the soil to construct the LD and DFD. Based on observations of breach in dams with six different grain size distributions, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) the erosion resistance within the soil leads to a slower failure speed for DFD under the same grain size distribution and particle density. However, both types of dams exhibit a nonuniform downcutting process in the longitudinal direction, induced by uneven velocities. (2) Laterally, DFDs are characterized by the creep slide of the breach bank, distinct from the intermittent slide observed in LD. (3) For the range of conditions tested, the peak discharge of LD significantly exceeds that of DFD. Additionally, the flood curve of LD exhibits a bimodal characteristic, attributed to the slide of the bank slope and the nonuniform distribution of particles within the dam. Finally, a prediction formula for the downcutting coefficient of the breach was established and validated by past studies. This study provides a basis for predicting outburst floods of LD and DFD.
C1 [Chen, Huayong; Li, Xiao; Chen, Xiaoqing; Ruan, Hechun; Wang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Huayong; Li, Xiao; Chen, Xiaoqing; Ruan, Hechun; Wang, Tao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Li, X (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.; Li, X (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM lx@imde.ac.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING
PI OTTAWA
PA 123 Slater Street, Suite 610, OTTAWA, ON K1P 5H2, CANADA
SN 0008-3674
EI 1208-6010
PD JAN 1
PY 2025
VL 62
DI 10.1139/cgj-2023-0534
EA JAN 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001404454900001
ER

PT J
AU Tang, CX
   Tanyas, H
   van Westen, CJ
   Tang, C
   Fan, XM
   Jetten, VG
AF Tang, Chenxiao
   Tanyas, Hakan
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Tang, Chuan
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Jetten, Victor G.
TI Analysing post-earthquake mass movement volume dynamics with
   multi-source DEMs
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide; Volume estimation; Digital elevation
   model; Multi-temporal; DEM registration
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; 13 AUGUST 2010;
   LANDSLIDES; AREA
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China, dramatically changed the terrain surface by inducing large numbers of landslides. Due to the lack of adequate pre- and post-earthquake Digital Elevation Models, the landslide volume estimation was done either using empirical area-volume relationships over large areas or by field surveys in a few catchments with debris flow threats. The trend of the change of volume of loose materials in the earthquake affected area over the decade since the earthquake remains largely unknown. In this study we were able to address this issue using nine DEMs taken at different years and from different sensors to study the change in loose material volume caused by co-seismic and post-seismic landslides over a period of 9 years. The area around the towns of Yingxiu and Longchi, for which also multi-temporal landslide inventories were available, was selected for this study. Methods to register the DEMs and minimize their vertically bias were applied. The quality of the DEMs was assessed through GCPs and terrain representation. As could be expected, high resolution DEMs showed more realistic volume estimates than the low resolution ones. The analysis showed that the frequency and magnitude of the landslide volume dynamics decreases significantly after the early post seismic period, and in the last years human activities became a more dominate factor than mass movements. The post-seismic material loss from 2008 to 2014 was close to the gained volume of the co-seismic landslides, and the depletion of the materials was mostly at the toes of the co-seismic landslides. The analysis was done based on gain and loss calculated from the DEMs, and actual volumes could not be calculated due to unknown failure surface depths of the landslides.
C1 [Tang, Chenxiao; Tanyas, Hakan; van Westen, Cees J.; Jetten, Victor G.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Tang, Chenxiao; Tang, Chuan; Fan, Xuanmei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Twente; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, CX (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.; Tang, CX (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM c.tang@utwente.nl
TC 44
Z9 46
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN 8
PY 2019
VL 248
BP 89
EP 101
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.11.010
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000458220900009
ER

PT J
AU Li, Y
   Hu, W
   Wasowski, J
   Zheng, YS
   McSaveney, M
AF Li, Yan
   Hu, Wei
   Wasowski, Janusz
   Zheng, Yangshuai
   McSaveney, Mauri
TI Rapid episodic erosion of a cohesionless landslide dam: Insights from
   loss to scour of Yangjia Gully check dams and from flume experiments
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris-flow mitigation; Landslide deposit; Check dams; Local scouring;
   Flume experiments
AB An underestimation of local scouring in loose cohesionless landslide deposits may cause rapid and episodic failure of a hazard mitigation structure. A rock avalanche triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake generated an abundance of erosion-sensitive sediment in Yangjia Gully, resulting in several debris flows. Twelve concrete pile check dams were constructed along the gully to mitigate debris flow hazard in 2017. However, three of the downstream check dams progressive collapsed during the next two years. Field investigations revealed at the downstream of most check dams an accelerating scour, which quickly led to their instability and failure. Energy dissipation structures built at the toe of the dams moderated the local scour but did not prevent it. Repeated field investigations and flume experiments were carried out to better understand the process of bed erosion. The erosion rate is substantially high, and appears to be irreversible without artificial intervention once a hydraulic drop is formed. The presented case in Yangjia Gully shows the consequence of underestimating rapid erosion. Furthermore, several suggestions are proposed for hazard mitigation engineering in erosion-sensitive deposit.
C1 [Li, Yan; Hu, Wei; Zheng, Yangshuai; McSaveney, Mauri] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Wasowski, Janusz] CNR, Ist Ric Protez Idrogeol, Bari, Italy.
   [McSaveney, Mauri] GNS Sci, Auckland, New Zealand.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
   (CNR); Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI-CNR);
   GNS Science - New Zealand
RP Hu, W (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM huwei1999@126.com
TC 18
Z9 19
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN
PY 2021
VL 280
AR 105971
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105971
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000615526300042
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YB
   Wang, JM
   Xu, Q
   Chen, GQ
   Zhao, JX
   Zheng, L
   Han, Z
   Yu, PC
AF Zhang, Yingbin
   Wang, Jinmei
   Xu, Qiang
   Chen, Guangqi
   Zhao, John. X.
   Zheng, Lu
   Han, Zheng
   Yu, Pengcheng
TI DDA validation of the mobility of earthquake-induced landslides
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; Earthquake-induced landslide; Run-out; Mobility; DDA
ID DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; FLUIDIZED GRANULAR MASSES; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS FLOW; ROCK AVALANCHE; MODEL; RUNOUT; MOTION;
   PREDICTION; BLOCK
AB This paper studies the run-out of earthquake-induced landslides. There are more than 20 mechanical models to explain long run-out of rapid landslides including some earthquake-induced landslides. However, notably few of them considered the effect of seismic loading on the run-out of landslides. In a previous study, we have proposed a model, which is called the multiplex acceleration model (MAM), to interpret the long run-out mechanism, and a shaking-table test has been performed to verify the MAM. Because the previous MAM is a conceptual model and only a single stone has been examined under sine waves by the shaking-table test, the MAM needs to be extended and further verified.
   In this paper, the MAM was extended by introducing the movement change that was induced by the so-called trampoline effect of earthquake loading, and the latest practical numerical simulation program, discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), was used to verify the mobility of earthquake-induced landslides. After a conceptual landslide model was used to verify the effect of seismic loading on the mobility, the Donghekou landslide, which was a typical long run-out landslide that was induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, was analyzed. The results show that: the seismic loading could be one of the factors that could eventually help increase the run-out of landslides. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Yingbin; Zhao, John. X.] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Key Lab Transportat Tunnel Engn, Minist Educ, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yingbin; Wang, Jinmei; Zhao, John. X.; Yu, Pengcheng] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yingbin; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Guangqi; Han, Zheng] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
   [Zheng, Lu] Sichuan Univ, IDMR, Chengdu 610207, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu
   University of Technology; Kyushu University; Sichuan University
RP Zhang, YB (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Key Lab Transportat Tunnel Engn, Minist Educ, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM yingbinz719@126.com
TC 144
Z9 160
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG 26
PY 2015
VL 194
SI SI
BP 38
EP 51
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.08.024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000360416400005
ER

PT J
AU Fan, JR
   Li, XZ
   Guo, FF
   Guo, X
AF Fan Jianrong
   Li Xiuzhen
   Guo Fenfen
   Guo Xiang
TI Empirical-statistical models based on remote sensing for estimating the
   volume of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake; Landslides; Remote sensing; Volume; Estimation
   model
AB The Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008 induced a huge number of landslides. The distribution and volume of the landslides are very important for assessing risks and understanding the landslide - debris flow - barrier lake - bursts flood disaster chain. The number and the area of landslides in a wide region can be easily obtained by remote sensing technique, while the volume is relatively difficult to obtain because it requires some detailed geometric information of slope failure surface and sub-surface. Different empirical models for estimating landslide volume were discussed based on the data of 107 landslides in the earthquake-stricken area. The volume data of these landslides were collected by field survey. Their areas were obtained by interpreting remote sensing images while their apparent friction coefficients and height were extracted from the images unifying DEM (digital elevation model). By analyzing the relationships between the volume and the area, apparent friction coefficients, and the height, two models were established, one for the adaptation of a magnitude scale landslide events in a wide range of region, another for the adaptation in a small scope. The correlation coefficients (R-2) are 0.7977 and 0.8913, respectively. The results estimated by the two models agree well with the measurement data.
C1 [Li Xiuzhen] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Li, XZ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM lxzljt@sina.com
TC 6
Z9 9
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 5
BP 711
EP 717
DI 10.1007/s11629-011-2133-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000294964500009
ER

PT J
AU Su, N
   Xu, LR
   Yang, B
   Li, YW
   Gu, FY
AF Su, Na
   Xu, Linrong
   Yang, Bo
   Li, Yongwei
   Gu, Fengyu
TI Risk Assessment of Single-Gully Debris Flow Based on Dynamic Changes in
   Provenance in the Wenchuan Earthquake Zone: A Case Study of the Qipan
   Gully
SO SUSTAINABILITY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; debris flow; changes in provenance; combination
   weighting method; cloud model; risk assessment
ID AREA; LANDSLIDES; EVOLUTION
AB After the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008, a huge amount of loose deposits was generated on the mountain surface in the earthquake zone, and vegetation was severely damaged, providing a rich source of material for debris flow, greatly increasing the danger. For many years, researchers have mainly considered the recovery of slope vegetation in assessing the risk of debris flow post-earthquake. However, field investigations have found that large amounts of the dynamic reserve materials in the gully have an important impact on the risk. Thus, based on field survey data, this paper takes the Qipan gully in Wenchuan County as an object and uses multi-source and multi-scale monitoring methods (Landsat series, Quickbird, and Unmanned Air Vehicle) to analyze and statistically study the provenance of the slope and gully both pre- and post- the earthquake. By comprehensively using game theory combination weighting and the cloud model, a dynamic risk assessment model for debris flow was constructed to evaluate the risk of debris flow from 2005 to 2019. The results show that the slope provenance post-earthquake was 7.7 times that of pre-earthquake, and by 2019 the slope provenance had recovered to the pre-earthquake level. Based on the statistical estimation of the amount of debris flow outbreak and the dredging of the blocking dam recorded in relevant data, the dynamic provenance of debris flow had decreased by about 781.3 x 10(4) m(3) by 2019. Compared with considering slope provenance only, the assessment result of debris flow risk considering both slope and gully provenance is more realistic. The results are expected to provide reference and guidance for dynamic assessment of the risk of debris flow faced by increasing projects in high-seismic-intensity mountainous areas and to ensure the safety of people's lives and property effectively.
C1 [Su, Na; Xu, Linrong; Li, Yongwei; Gu, Fengyu] Cent South Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha 410075, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Linrong] Cent South Univ, Natl Engn Lab High Speed Railway Construct, Changsha 410075, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Bo] Henan Univ Technol, Coll Civil Engn, Zhengzhou 450001, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University; Central South University; Henan University of
   Technology
RP Su, N (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha 410075, Peoples R China.
EM 184801021@csu.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2071-1050
PD AUG
PY 2023
VL 15
IS 15
AR 12098
DI 10.3390/su151512098
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001045716300001
ER

PT J
AU Li, N
   Tang, C
   Yang, T
AF Li, Ning
   Tang, Chuan
   Yang, Tao
TI Ten years of landslide development after the Wenchuan earthquake: a case
   study from Miansi town, China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flow; Landslides; Dynamic evolution;
   Controlling factors
ID DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; AREAS
AB The earthquake outbreak on 12 May 2008, in Wenchuan County caused long-term instability and frequent geological hazards on the mountain slopes in the earthquake area. Considering Miansi town in the strong earthquake area as an example, this paper analyses the development and characteristics of landslides in the 10 years after the earthquake. We collected five periods of remote sensing images in the 10 years after the earthquake, obtained the corresponding landslide distribution and activity characteristics, and then analysed the development of landslide activity over the 10 years. The total area of the landslides grew intensively from 2008 to 2014, and then the growth rate slowed down significantly after the heavy rainfall event on 10 July 2013. At the same time, the influence of slope, slope aspect, distance to a river channel, elevation, and other factors on the probability of landslides is analysed by using the distribution of the landslides. The areas that are prone to landslides, which mainly include the areas with elevations of 1700-3200 m, the areas with slopes of 30-60 degrees, the areas with aspects of 90 degrees-225 degrees (with north having an aspect of 0 degrees), and the area that are less than 200 m from a river channel, are divided according to the distribution density.
C1 [Li, Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Sci, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 61005, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Tao] Sichuan Chuanjian Geotech Survey & Design Inst, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Xihua University
RP Li, N (corresponding author), Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Sci, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
EM 1220200026@mail.xhu.edu.cn
TC 5
Z9 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD APR
PY 2022
VL 111
IS 3
BP 2787
EP 2808
DI 10.1007/s11069-021-05157-y
EA JAN 2022
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000741639500001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, WJ
   Xu, Q
   Wang, YJ
AF Xu, Wen-Jie
   Xu, Qiang
   Wang, Yu-Jie
TI The mechanism of high-speed motion and damming of the Tangjiashan
   landslide
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Tangjiashan landslide; Landslide dam; Failure
   mechanism
ID TSAOLING LANDSLIDE; EARTHQUAKE; SIMULATION; TAIWAN
AB Understanding the mechanisms of landslide failure and resulting damming processes is crucial for constraining the hazard chain associated with landslide damming events. On May 12, 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake caused a large number of secondary hazardous events such as landslides and collapses, most of which occurred in high mountain gorges. In these areas, the sliding distance of landsides is often very short, and the landslides are often characterized by high speed, short distance, and damming. Using the Tangjiashan landslide damming events induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake as a model, this paper reconstructs the three dimensional failure and associated damming caused by the landslide based on a detailed geological investigation of the landslide area and using the dynamic finite element technique. The study proposes a four-stage model for the failure and damming process of the Tangjiashan landslide: earthquake induction and progressive destruction of the slide body, destruction and high-speed sliding of the slide body, slide body impact, disintegration, and river blockage for the formation of a damming body, and vibration compression. The average speed of the Tangjiashan landslide reached a maximum value of 22 m/s about 30 s after the earthquake, and the landslide reached stability about 60 s later. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xu, Wen-Jie] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yu-Jie] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Beijing 100038, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University; Chengdu University of Technology; China Institute
   of Water Resources & Hydropower Research
RP Xu, WJ (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM wenjiexu@tsinghua.edu.cn; xq@cdut.edu.cn; wangyj@iwhr.com
TC 74
Z9 80
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
PD MAY 8
PY 2013
VL 157
BP 8
EP 20
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.01.020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000318263100002
ER

PT J
AU Chen, M
   Luo, YT
   Tang, C
   Li, N
AF Chen, Ming
   Luo, Yuting
   Tang, Chuan
   Li, Ning
TI Quantitative assessment of expected direct economic losses of buildings
   for debris flows in multiple rainfall intensity scenarios in Yangling
   Gully, Southwest China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Quantitative risk assessment; Fragility curve; FLO-2D;
   Multiple rainfall intensity scenarios
ID PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; RISK;
   AREA; EVOLUTION; CURVES
AB The potential risks associated with debris flows have significantly increased due to changes in global climate, population growth, and economic development. Despite the high susceptibility of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, few studies have focused on quantitative risk assessment methods for debris flows. To overcome this shortcoming, we proposed an integrated approach by using a probability-based model and numerical simulations to quantify the expected direct economic losses of buildings for debris flows under multiple rainfall intensity scenarios. First, we simulated the hazard processes of debris flows with recurrence periods of 20, 50, 100, and 200 years and obtained the distribution of debris flow intensities defined by the momentum flux. Then, we assessed the direct economic losses for each building related to different recurrence periods based on fragility curves and debris flow intensity maps. The results show that the risk loss of different hazard scenarios increases dramatically with an increase in debris flow magnitude. This methodology provides visual and quantitative risk assessment for specific buildings affected by debris flows, enabling authorities and decision-makers to reduce risk and optimize risk management strategies. It is a rapid and effective way to assess the capacity of the built environment to resist the risk of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas.
C1 [Chen, Ming; Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Protect, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Yuting] Sichuan Anxin Kechuang Technol Co Ltd, Chengdu 610045, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Yuting] Sichuan Acad Safety Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610045, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Sci, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Xihua University
RP Luo, YT (corresponding author), Sichuan Anxin Kechuang Technol Co Ltd, Chengdu 610045, Peoples R China.; Luo, YT (corresponding author), Sichuan Acad Safety Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610045, Peoples R China.
EM chenminggeo@163.com; 692732248@qq.com
TC 6
Z9 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD FEB
PY 2024
VL 120
IS 3
BP 2993
EP 3014
DI 10.1007/s11069-023-06315-0
EA NOV 2023
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001108201300007
ER

PT J
AU Huang, RQ
   Zhao, JJ
   Ju, NP
   Li, G
   Lee, ML
   Li, YR
AF Huang, Runqiu
   Zhao, Jianjun
   Ju, Nengpan
   Li, Guo
   Lee, Min Lee
   Li, Yanrong
TI Analysis of an anti-dip landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan
   earthquake in China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide; Anti-dip slope; Shaking table test;
   Failure mechanism
ID CENTRAL TAIWAN; MODEL; MECHANISM; RAINFALL; SICHUAN; SLOPES; JAPAN
AB The Guantan landslide, with a total displaced mass of about 468 x 10(4) m(3), was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and succeeding rainfall in Jushui Town, Sichuan Province, China. The landslide occurred on an anti-dip hard rock slope with a weak rock founding stratum of 200 m in thickness. To investigate the failure mechanism of the Guantan landslide, dynamic behaviors of hard and soft rock slopes were investigated by means of large scale shaking table tests. The laboratory models attempted to simulate the field geological conditions of the Guantan landslide. Sinusoidal waves and actual seismic waves measured from the Wenchuan Earthquake were applied on the slope models under 37 loading configurations. The experimental results indicated that deformation mainly developed at a shallow depth in the upper part of the hard rock slope and in the upper (near the crest) and lower (near the toe) parts of the soft rock slope. An equation for predicting the depth of sliding plane was proposed based on the location of the maximum horizontal acceleration. Finally, it was concluded that the failure process of the Guantan landslide occurred in three stages: (1) toppling failure caused by compression of the underlying soft rock strata, (2) formation of crushed hard rock and sliding surface in soft rock as the result of seismic shocks, particularly in the horizontal direction, and (3) aftershock rainfall accelerates the process of mass movement along the sliding plane.
C1 [Huang, Runqiu; Zhao, Jianjun; Ju, Nengpan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Guo] Yunnan Prov Transport Dept Broadvis Engn Consulta, Kunming, Peoples R China.
   [Lee, Min Lee] Univ Tunku Abdul Rahman, Fac Sci & Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
   [Li, Yanrong] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR);
   University of Hong Kong
RP Zhao, JJ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM zhjjtc@gmail.com; ziltch2002@163.com; mllee@utar.edu.my;
   li.dennis@hotmail.com
TC 95
Z9 114
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
PD SEP
PY 2013
VL 68
IS 2
BP 1021
EP 1039
DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0671-5
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000322727300042
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, Y
   Meng, XM
   Jordan, C
   Novellino, A
   Dijkstra, T
   Chen, G
AF Zhang, Yi
   Meng, Xingmin
   Jordan, Colm
   Novellino, Alessandro
   Dijkstra, Tom
   Chen, Guan
TI Investigating slow-moving landslides in the Zhouqu region of China using
   InSAR time series
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Zhouqu; Landslide; Earthflow; InSAR Deformation; Seismic effects
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS FLOWS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; ALOS/PALSAR
   IMAGERY; BAILONGJIANG BASIN; FAULT ZONE; SAR; INTERFEROMETRY;
   KINEMATICS; ALGORITHM
AB In the Zhouqu region (Gansu, China), landslide distribution and activity exploits geological weaknesses in the fault-controlled belt of low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Bailong valley and severely impacts lives and livelihoods in this region. Landslides reactivated by the Wenchuan 2008 earthquake and debris flows triggered by rainfall, such as the 2010 Zhouqu debris flow, have caused more than 1700 casualties and estimated economic losses of some US$0.4 billion. Earthflows presently cover some 79% of the total landslide area and have exerted a strong influence on landscape dynamics and evolution in this region. In this study, we use multi-temporal Advanced Land Observing Satellite and Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) data and time series interferometric synthetic aperture radar to investigate slow-moving landslides in a mountainous region with steep topography for the period December 2007-August 2010 using the Small Baseline Subsets (SBAS) technique. This enabled the identification of 11 active earthflows, 19 active landslides with deformation rates exceeding 100 mm/year and 20 new instabilities added into the pre-existing landslide inventory map. The activity of these earthflows and landslides exhibits seasonal variations and accelerated deformation following the Wenchuan earthquake. Time series analysis of the Suoertou earthflow reveals that seasonal velocity changes are characterized by comparatively rapid acceleration and gradual deceleration with distinct kinematic zones with different mean velocities, although velocity changes appear to occur synchronously along the landslide body over seasonal timescales. The observations suggest that the post-seismic effects (acceleration period) on landslide deformation last some 6-7 months.
C1 [Zhang, Yi; Meng, Xingmin; Chen, Guan] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, MOE Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yi; Meng, Xingmin; Chen, Guan] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Gansu Environm Geol & Geohazards Engn Res Ctr, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
   [Jordan, Colm; Novellino, Alessandro; Dijkstra, Tom] British Geol Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England.
   [Dijkstra, Tom] Loughborough Univ, Sch Architecture Bldg & Civil Engn, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.
C3 Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI);
   Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC British Geological
   Survey; Loughborough University
RP Meng, XM (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Gansu Environm Geol & Geohazards Engn Res Ctr, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
EM xmmeng@lzu.edu.cn
TC 147
Z9 168
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUL
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 7
BP 1299
EP 1315
DI 10.1007/s10346-018-0954-8
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000437140700004
ER

PT J
AU Cheng, HL
   Mergili, M
   Huang, Y
AF Cheng, Hualin
   Mergili, Martin
   Huang, Yu
TI Numerical analysis of debris flow erosion in the mountainous areas
   affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using a depth-averaged
   two-phase model
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Erosion; Two-phase numerical model; Mountainous areas;
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID SIMULATION; ENTRAINMENT; INITIATION; AVALANCHE
AB Channel bed erosion accompanying debris flows can significantly magnify the flowing mass and increase the associated risk. However, the mechanics of this geological phenomenon is extremely complex, which greatly increases the difficulty of predicting the dynamical behavior and bulking process of large-scale debris flows. This study employs the depth-averaged two-phase r.avaflow model to numerically analyze the flow propagation and sediment erosion processes. Two modified empirical erosion laws are further embedded in the r.avaflow framework to comparatively compute the channel erosion of a typical catastrophic debris flow occurring in Wenchuan earthquake-affected mountainous areas. The results show that both of the two erosion models can effectively reproduce the movement and channel erosion of the debris flows under investigation. In addition, the most serious sediment erosion has been found to occur along the two sides of the channels. Additionally, r.avaflow model with its simple C-E-controlled erosion law relating the erosion coefficient to the slope topography is further applied to predict the dynamical behavior and bulking process of the Hongchun gully debris flow under 50- and 100-year recurrence intervals. The discharge and hazard intensity are shown to greatly increase under the effect of the typically ignored sediment erosion. This study provides more scientific basis for risk assessment and hazard mitigation for large-scale debris flows in mountainous areas.
C1 [Cheng, Hualin; Huang, Yu] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yu] Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Mergili, Martin] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Geog & Reg Sci, Cascade Mt Proc & Mt Hazards, Heinrichstr 36, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; University of Graz
RP Huang, Y (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.; Huang, Y (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM yhuang@tongji.edu.cn
TC 6
Z9 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD MAR
PY 2023
VL 116
IS 1
BP 193
EP 212
DI 10.1007/s11069-022-05669-1
EA OCT 2022
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000869236900002
ER

PT J
AU Guo, DP
   Hamada, M
AF Guo, Deping
   Hamada, Masanori
TI Qualitative and quantitative analysis on landslide influential factors
   during Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in Wenchuan County
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide; Influential factor; Statistical analysis
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with a surface wave magnitude of 8.0 triggered numerous landslides along the Longmenshan thrust fault belt in Sichuan province of China. The authors investigated various influential factors on the slope stability of 119 landslides in Wenchuan County, such as the horizontal peak ground acceleration, slope angle, slope height, rock type and geological structure. We separately developed acceleration attenuation laws for both the hanging wall and footwall side from 183 seismic stations. These formulae confirmed the hanging-foot wall effect had notable influence on landslide distribution density and occurrence probability. Further, we explored the qualitative tendency of landslide distribution and occurrence probability related with each influential factor. The results from the quantitative analysis by a multivariable method demonstrated that slope height, horizontal peak ground acceleration and geological structure had a stronger effect on the sliding area and volume than slope angle and rock type. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Guo, Deping; Hamada, Masanori] Waseda Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan.
C3 Waseda University
RP Guo, DP (corresponding author), Waseda Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Shinjuku Ku, 3-4-1Okubo, Tokyo 1698555, Japan.
EM guodeping99@gmail.com
TC 48
Z9 51
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN 18
PY 2013
VL 152
IS 1
BP 202
EP 209
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.10.012
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000315012900021
ER

PT J
AU Hussin, HY
   Zumpano, V
   Reichenbach, P
   Sterlacchini, S
   Micu, M
   van Westen, C
   Balteanu, D
AF Hussin, Haydar Y.
   Zumpano, Veronica
   Reichenbach, Paola
   Sterlacchini, Simone
   Micu, Mihai
   van Westen, Cees
   Balteanu, Dan
TI Different landslide sampling strategies in a grid-based bi-variate
   statistical susceptibility model
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Weights-of-evidence (WofE); Landslide
   sampling; Grid-based analysis
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SPATIAL PREDICTION MODELS;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FLEMISH
   ARDENNES; FREQUENCY RATIO; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FLASH-FLOOD; MAPS
AB This study had three aims. The first was to assess the performance of the weights-of-evidence (WofE) landslide susceptibility model in areas that are very different in terms of size, geoenvironmental settings, and landslide types. The second was to test the appropriate strategies to sample the mapped landslide polygon. The final aim was to evaluate the performance of the method to changes in the landslide sample size used to train the model. The method was applied to two areas: the Fella River basin (eastern Italian Alps) containing debris flows, and Buzau County (Romanian Carpathians) with shallow landslides. The three landslide sampling strategies used were: (1) the landslide scarp centroid, (2) points populating the scarp on a 50-m grid, and (3) the entire scarp polygon. The highest success rates were obtained when sampling shallow landslides as 50-m grid-points and debris flow scarps as polygons. Prediction rates were highest when using the entire scarp polygon method for both landslide types. The sample size test using the landslide centroids showed that a sample of 104 debris flow scarps was sufficient to predict the remaining 941 debris flows in the Fella River basin, while 161 shallow landslides was the minimum required number to predict the remaining 1451 scarps in Buzau County. Below these landslide sample thresholds, model performance was too low. However, using more landslides than the threshold produced a plateau effect with little to no increase in the model performance rates. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hussin, Haydar Y.; van Westen, Cees] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Zumpano, Veronica; Micu, Mihai; Balteanu, Dan] Acad Romana, Inst Geog, Bucharest 023993, Romania.
   [Reichenbach, Paola] CNR, Res Inst Geohydrol Protect, I-06128 Perugia, Italy.
   [Sterlacchini, Simone] CNR, Inst Dynam Environm Proc, I-20126 Milan, Italy.
C3 University of Twente; Romanian Academy; Institute of Geography of
   Romanian Academy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Consiglio
   Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi
   Ambientali (IDPA-CNR)
RP Hussin, HY (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
EM h.y.hussin@utwente.nl
TC 149
Z9 160
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JAN 15
PY 2016
VL 253
BP 508
EP 523
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.10.030
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000367114100041
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YS
   Dong, SW
   Hou, CT
   Guo, CB
   Yao, X
   Li, B
   Du, JJ
   Zhang, JG
AF Zhang Yongshuang
   Dong Shuwen
   Hou Chuntang
   Guo Changbao
   Yao Xin
   Li Bin
   Du Jianjun
   Zhang Jiagui
TI Geohazards Induced by the Lushan Ms7.0 Earthquake in Sichuan Province,
   Southwest China: Typical Examples, Types and Distributional
   Characteristics
SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION
DT Article
DE Lushan earthquake; geohazard; collapse; landslide; slope debris flow;
   sand-soil liquation
ID 8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SURFACE RUPTURE; PARAMETERS; TIBET
AB Geohazards induced by the Lushan Ms 7.0 earthquake on April 20, 2013 mainly have four types: collapse, landslide, slope debris flow, and sand-soil liquefaction. These geohazards mainly occurred near the epicenter, on steep slopes or below cliffs in high mountain and deep valley areas, and at or near fault ends. They have no obvious relationships to active faults, but their relationships to the weathering degree and structures of rock and rock mass are obvious. Compared with the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008, the Lushan earthquake is relatively little in the impact force and the throwing amount. All of these should be related to the magnitude of this earthquake, not very large but not very little. This character of the Lushan earthquake would make some processes uncompleted so as to bring about some concealed geohazards. Finally, in order to deal with challenges presented by such conceal geohazards, some brief recommendations are put forward.
C1 [Zhang Yongshuang; Hou Chuntang; Guo Changbao; Yao Xin; Li Bin; Du Jianjun; Zhang Jiagui] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Dong Shuwen] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; China
   Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
RP Zhang, YS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM zhys100@sohu.com
TC 37
Z9 49
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1000-9515
EI 1755-6724
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 87
IS 3
BP 646
EP 657
DI 10.1111/1755-6724.12076
SC Geology
UT WOS:000321845300002
ER

PT J
AU Yin, YP
   Li, B
   Wang, WP
AF Yin, Yueping
   Li, Bin
   Wang, Wenpei
TI Dynamic analysis of the stabilized Wangjiayan landslide in the Wenchuan
   Ms 8.0 earthquake and aftershocks
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Wenchuan earthquake; Aftershock; Dynamic analysis; Existing
   stabilization work
ID SICHUAN
AB This paper discusses the effect of the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on a landslide where stabilization work had taken place and compares the results to sites without stabilization. Contours of shear strain increment and displacement values obtained using a FLAC3D simulation show that the Wangjiayan landslide, which had stabilization work, was stable before the Wenchuan earthquake. Simulations using input strong motion accelerations from the main shock recorded at Qingping station, within the main seismic fault zone, suggest a shear strain increment about 3,000 times more than it was before the main shock. Although the stability of the stabilized landslide decreased during the earthquake, the displacement values were very small. Modeled displacements suggest that the piles played a major role in keeping the slope from sliding. The anti-slide piles were subjected to high shaking acceleration. The strong ground motion records for a time range of 10 to 30 s show that the piles generally experienced accelerations in the range from 0.0 to 3.0 g, with a few spikes of about 5.0 g. Special observation stations were set up to monitor the slope motion at Qingchuan town, 150 km far from the Wangjiayan landslide, along the main central seismic fault zone, after the Wenchuan earthquake. The variation in acceleration with time and the FOS versus time of the Wangjiayan landslide were investigated using these acceleration records of the aftershocks as input data. The aftershock accelerations did not decrease the stability of the Wangjiayan landslide, but an amplification effect on the acceleration of the slope at different elevations was illustrated.
C1 [Yin, Yueping; Wang, Wenpei] CGS, China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Bin] China Geol Survey, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; China Geological Survey
RP Yin, YP (corresponding author), CGS, China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM yyueping@mail.cgs.gov.cn; libin1102@163.com; wang-wenpei@qq.com
TC 54
Z9 66
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 3
BP 537
EP 547
DI 10.1007/s10346-014-0497-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000355341400009
ER

PT J
AU Cui, SH
   Pei, XJ
   Huang, RQ
AF Cui, Shenghua
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Effects of geological and tectonic characteristics on the
   earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Daguangbao landslide; Geological and tectonic characteristics;
   Co-seismic landslide; Wenchuan earthquake; Bedding fault
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PRECURSORS;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ROCK AVALANCHES; HEART MOUNTAIN; FAULT;
   EMPLACEMENT; MECHANISMS; INITIATION; FAILURE
AB The Daguangbao landslide is the largest co-seismic landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) occurred on 12 May 2008. The landslide, which is 4.6 km long and 3.7 km wide, involves a volume of approximately 1.2 x 10(9) m(3). An exposed slip surface, situated at the southern flank of its source area, was observed with a length of 1.8 km along the main sliding direction and an area of 0.3 km(2). To study the geological and tectonic characteristics of the source area and their contributions to the landslide formation during the earthquake, detailed geological investigations were firstly conducted. And it is reached that the landslide occurred on the northwestern limb of the Dashuizha anticline with its scarp showing several geological structures, including joint sets, local faults, and folds. These tectonic-related structures potentially influenced the failure of the landslide. Secondly, further investigations were focused on the inclined planar sliding surface using 12 exploratory trenches, nine boreholes, a tunnel, borehole sonic data, and micro-images. These data reveal that the rock mass along the sliding surface was the fragmented rock of a bedding fault. A pulverized zone was observed on the sliding surface, which was the zone of shear localization during the landslide. This suggests that the shear failure of the Daguangbao landslide developed within the bedding fault. The rapid failure of the landslide was associated with the degradation of the rock mass strength of the bedding fault both before and during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. With this study, we propose that a pre-existing large discontinuity within a slope may be the basis for initiating a large landslide during earthquake.
C1 [Cui, Shenghua; Pei, Xiangjun; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Pei, XJ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM shenghuacui.geo@gmail.com; peixj0119@tom.com; hrq@cdut.edu.cn
TC 55
Z9 67
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 4
BP 649
EP 667
DI 10.1007/s10346-017-0899-3
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000427972300003
ER

PT J
AU Zou, Q
   Cui, P
   Zeng, C
   Tang, JX
   Regmi, AD
AF Zou, Qiang
   Cui, Peng
   Zeng, Chao
   Tang, Jianxi
   Regmi, Amar Deep
TI Dynamic process-based risk assessment of debris flow on a local scale
SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; risk assessment; hazard analysis; vulnerability; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID AVALANCHE RISK; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; MOUNTAIN HAZARDS; VULNERABILITY;
   RIVER; SETTLEMENTS; EARTHQUAKE; AUSTRIA; EXAMPLE; GIS
AB After the Wenchuan earthquake in China, debris flows have been more frequent. Multiple debris flows commonly occur in earthquake-affected areas during heavy rainfall, often causing losses of lives and property. We analyzed the dynamic movement of debris flows and proposed a quantitative method of debris flow hazard assessment, based on kinetic energy. Validated using field study of an actual debris flow disaster, these analyzes help determine the type, quantity, distribution, economic worth, and susceptibility of elements at risk. We established a method to determine vulnerability of elements at risk and we propose a systematic and quantitative method for local risk analysis of debris flows. We applied the proposed method to a debris flow in Qipan gully, which caused serious damages for Duwen Highway and Qipan settlements of Sichuan Province in 2013. With the support of a debris-flow movement numerical simulation, remote sensing, and GIS techniques, the proposed method analyzed disaster effects and divided the hazardous areas into three risk zones. Calculated risk zones coincided with the actual distribution and severity of damage of the event, suggesting that the risk assessment generated by the proposed method is consistent with results from the actual disaster.
C1 [Zou, Qiang; Tang, Jianxi] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Environm & Resource, Mianyang, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng; Zeng, Chao; Regmi, Amar Deep] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University of Science & Technology - China; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Zou, Q (corresponding author), Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Environm & Resource, Mianyang, Peoples R China.
EM zouqiang@swust.edu.cn
TC 20
Z9 21
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0272-3646
EI 1930-0557
PY 2016
VL 37
IS 2
BP 132
EP 152
DI 10.1080/02723646.2016.1169477
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology;
   Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
UT WOS:000378142700003
ER

PT J
AU Tang, CX
   Van Westen, CJ
   Tanyas, H
   Jetten, VG
AF Tang, Chenxiao
   Van Westen, Cees J.
   Tanyas, Hakan
   Jetten, Victor G.
TI Analysing post-earthquake landslide activity using multi-temporal
   landslide inventories near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan
   earthquake
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; CENTRAL TAIWAN; VEGETATION RECOVERY; MOUNTAIN BELT;
   DEBRIS FLOWS; SEDIMENT; DISTRIBUTIONS
AB Large earthquakes in mountainous regions may trigger thousands of landslides, some active for years. We analysed the changes in landslide activity near the epicentre of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake by generating five landslide inventories for different years through stereoscopic digital visual image interpretation. From May 2008 to April 2015, 660 new landslides occurred outside the co-seismic landslide areas. In April 2015, the number of active landslides had gone down to 66, less than 1% of the co-seismic landslides, but still much higher than the pre-earthquake levels. We expect that the landslide activity will continue to decay, but may be halted if extreme rainfall events occur.
C1 [Tang, Chenxiao; Van Westen, Cees J.; Tanyas, Hakan; Jetten, Victor G.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Twente, Netherlands.
C3 University of Twente
RP Tang, CX (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Twente, Netherlands.
EM c.tang@utwente.nl
TC 117
Z9 131
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PD DEC 12
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 12
BP 2641
EP 2655
DI 10.5194/nhess-16-2641-2016
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000400143900001
ER

PT J
AU Tan, DY
   Yin, JH
   Qin, JQ
   Zhu, ZH
   Feng, WQ
AF Tan, Dao-Yuan
   Yin, Jian-Hua
   Qin, Jie-Qiong
   Zhu, Zhuo-Hui
   Feng, Wei-Qiang
TI Experimental study on impact and deposition behaviours of multiple
   surges of channelized debris flow on a flexible barrier
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Multiple surges of debris flow; Flexible barrier; Physical model; Impact
   force; Simple method
ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE; ROCKFALL; DESIGN;
   VALLEY; MODELS
AB Debris flow normally occurs after heavy rains in mountainous regions with multiple surges. Flexible barriers are installed in torrents to intercept debris flows in an early stage. For the safer design of a flexible barrier installed in the upstream, the forces on the barrier invaded by debris flows should be taken into consideration. An outdoor physical modelling facility was utilized to study the interaction between debris flows and a flexible barrier. Three continuous debris flow impact tests were conducted to investigate the performance of a flexible barrier affected and overflowed by multiple surges of debris flow. A parameter named Initial Block Ratio (IBR) is introduced in this study to describe the initial condition of a flexible barrier filled by the earlier debris flow surges. By analysing the results of these tests, the dynamic response of a flexible barrier under the impact of multiple surges of debris flow is studied, and the influence of IBR on the interaction of debris flow with the flexible barrier is investigated. Based on the findings of the experimental study, a new simple method is proposed to calculate the loads on a filled flexible barrier overflowed by debris flow. By comparing with the measured impact force in the overflow test, this method has a good performance and can be utilized in design analysis with further calibration.
C1 [Tan, Dao-Yuan; Yin, Jian-Hua; Qin, Jie-Qiong; Zhu, Zhuo-Hui; Feng, Wei-Qiang] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong Polytechnic University
RP Yin, JH (corresponding author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM rztdy2009@gmail.com; cejhyin@polyu.edu.hk;
   jieqiong.qin@connect.polyu.hk; zhuo-hui.zhu@connect.polyu.hk;
   fengweiqiang2015@gmail.com
TC 33
Z9 36
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUL
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 7
BP 1577
EP 1589
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01378-7
EA MAR 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000518068200002
ER

PT J
AU Yang, WT
   Qi, WW
   Zhou, JX
AF Yang, Wentao
   Qi, Wenwen
   Zhou, Jinxing
TI Effects of precipitation and topography on vegetation recovery at
   landslide sites after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT
DT Article
DE coseismic landslides; mountain earthquake; precipitation; topography;
   vegetation recovery
ID KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; SOIL-EROSION; GEO-HAZARDS; DEBRIS-FLOW; AREA;
   EPICENTER; IMPACTS; EVOLUTION; PATTERN; RATES
AB An important form of land degradation is that induced by landslides. Vegetation recovery at coseismic landslide sites not only plays an important role in reducing soil erosion and increasing land stability but also records the transformation of loose, exposed landslide surfaces into stable hillslopes during the post-seismic years. However, little is known about the vegetation recovery process or its influencing factors. In this study, we use the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 daily precipitation data, and a digital elevation model (DEM) to study the impacts of precipitation and topographic parameters on vegetation recovery after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Our results reveal significant NDVI decreases during the 2008 earthquake and strong recovery in the following years at the coseismic landslide sites. We also found significant negative correlations between precipitation and derivative of the NDVI trend (NDVIDT) in 2010 and 2011 and significant positive correlations in 2009 and 2013 at the regional scale. These significant negative correlations indicate that precipitation may trigger landslides to remobilize, depressing the recovery of vegetation at coseismic landslide sites during the first few years following a major earthquake. The results further show that site-specific vegetation recovery is determined by topographic parameters at the local scale. In general, vegetation recovery is weaker at low elevations (<1,300m) and high elevations (>3,300m), and it is also weaker on gentler slopes (<35 degrees) than on steeper slopes (>35 degrees).
C1 [Yang, Wentao; Zhou, Jinxing] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Wenwen] Beijing Twenty First Century Sci & Technol Dev Co, Acad Space Technol, Beijing 100096, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Wentao; Zhou, Jinxing] Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab State Forestry Adm Soil & Water Conservat, Jianshui Res Stn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Forestry University; Beijing Forestry University
RP Zhou, JX (corresponding author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM zjx001@bjfu.edu.cn
TC 33
Z9 37
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1085-3278
EI 1099-145X
PD OCT
PY 2018
VL 29
IS 10
BP 3355
EP 3365
DI 10.1002/ldr.3098
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture
UT WOS:000447651700010
ER

PT J
AU Cheng, HL
   Huang, Y
   Zhang, WJ
   Xu, Q
AF Cheng, Hualin
   Huang, Yu
   Zhang, Weijie
   Xu, Qiang
TI Physical process-based runout modeling and hazard assessment of
   catastrophic debris flow using SPH incorporated with ArcGIS: A case
   study of the Hongchun gully
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Hazard assessment; SPH numerical model; Hongchun gully;
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PARTICLE
   METHOD; HYDRODYNAMICS; PREDICTION; AREA
AB Catastrophic debris flows frequently occur in mountainous areas after an earthquake owing to a substantially increased amount of loosened co-seismic material. Debris flows pose a serious challenge for the reconstruction of earthquake-stricken areas because of their potential reoccurrence over the course of several years after a given earthquake event. It is therefore essential to clarify the dynamics of large-scale debris flows and accurately assess the potential hazard risks. This study selected the Hongchun gully debris flow that occurred on August 14, 2010 in the areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake in southwestern China as a typical case to analyze the for-mation conditions and physical processes of catastrophic debris flows. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to reconstruct the physical process of the Hongchun gully debris flow across 3D terrain. The SPH numerical results were integrated into the ArcGIS platform to perform further spatial analysis of the hazard intensity and identify the hazard risk level. The calculated accumulated hazard area agrees well with the field data. By introducing a frequency-magnitude empirical formula, a hazard assessment model of debris flows is proposed based on flow depth and momentum, and applied to predict the potential risk of the Hongchun gully debris flow under different recurrence periods. This work provides a new method for performing hazard as-sessments of debris flows, and also serves as a guide for reconstruction planning in earthquake-hit areas.
C1 [Cheng, Hualin; Huang, Yu] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yu] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Weijie] Hohai Univ, Key Lab, Minist Educ Geomech & Embankment Engn, Xikang Rd 1, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Hohai University; Chengdu
   University of Technology
RP Huang, Y (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM yhuang@tongji.edu.cn
TC 23
Z9 25
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD MAY
PY 2022
VL 212
AR 106052
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106052
EA JAN 2022
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000790442500004
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Dai, FC
   Wu, ZD
   He, HL
   Shi, F
   Wu, XY
   Xu, SN
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Dai, Fuchu
   Wu, Zhide
   He, Honglin
   Shi, Feng
   Wu, Xiyan
   Xu, Suning
TI Application of an incomplete landslide inventory, logistic regression
   model and its validation for landslide susceptibility mapping related to
   the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; Landslides; Landslide susceptibility
   mapping; Logistic regression; Success rate; Predictive rate
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SPATIAL PREDICTION MODELS; BHAGIRATHI GANGA
   VALLEY; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; ROCK SLOPE STABILITY; HOA BINH PROVINCE;
   HAZARD ZONATION; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; GIS
AB The main purpose of this paper is to present the use of multi-resource remote sensing data, an incomplete landslide inventory, GIS technique and logistic regression model for landslide susceptibility mapping related to the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China. Landslide location polygons were delineated from visual interpretation of aerial photographs, satellite images in high resolutions, and verified by selecting field investigations. Eight factors, including slope angle, slope aspect, elevation, distance from drainages, distance from roads, distance from main faults, seismic intensity and lithology were selected as controlling factors for earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility mapping. Qualitative susceptibility analyses were carried out using the map overlaying techniques in GIS platform. The validation result showed a success rate of 82.751 % between the susceptibility probability index map and the location of the initial landslide inventory. The predictive rate of 86.930 % was obtained by comparing the additional landslide polygons and the landslide susceptibility probability index map. Both the success rate and the predictive rate show sufficient agreement between the landslide susceptibility map and the existing landslide data, and good predictive power for spatial prediction of the earthquake-triggered landslides.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei; He, Honglin; Shi, Feng; Wu, Xiyan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong; Dai, Fuchu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Zhide] PetroChina, Langfang Branch, Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev, Langfang 065007, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Suning] China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; China
   National Petroleum Corporation
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 125
Z9 162
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD SEP
PY 2013
VL 68
IS 2
BP 883
EP 900
DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0661-7
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000322727300035
ER

PT J
AU Yao, SY
   Bazai, NA
   Tang, JB
   Jiang, H
   Yi, SJ
   Zou, Q
   Ahmed, T
   Guo, J
AF Yao Shunyu
   Bazai, Nazir Ahmed
   Tang Jinbo
   Jiang Hu
   Yi Shujian
   Zou Qiang
   Ahmed, Tashfain
   Guo Jian
TI Dynamic process of a typical slope debris flow: a case study of the
   wujia gully, Zengda, Sichuan Province, China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Slope failure; Topography; Shallow water equation; Debris flow movement
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GLACIAL TILL; LANDSLIDE; ZHOUQU; RIVER; MECHANISMS;
   SIMULATION; RAINFALL; DISASTER; HAZARDS
AB On July 25, 2020, a debris flow occurred in the Wujia Gully, Sichuan Province, China. The last debris flow in this gully occurred 70 years ago and severely impacted the area downstream. The primary goal of this study was to analyze the impact of the topography on the movement process of the debris flow. To gain a precise understanding, a dataset was compiled, including metrological data, field data, accounts from locals, field sampling to obtain specific information using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photography, and the rheological properties of the debris flow slurry obtained through soil mechanics and rheological experiments. The movement process of the debris flow was simulated using the depth-integrated continuum approach. Based on numerical simulation analysis, the influence of the Wujia gully's topography on the debris flow's dynamic process was examined. It was found that the debris flow in the Wujia Gully was a typical viscous debris flow, and the debris flow slurry had the properties of a Bingham fluid. The dynamic process of the debris flow was divided into four stages: an acceleration stage, a deceleration stage in the channel, a smooth movement stage, and a slow accumulation stage. The topography was the main factor controlling the formation of the four stages of the dynamic process. Furthermore, Manning's resistance coefficient did not change the debris flow's dynamic process, but it significantly affected the velocity and duration of each stage. The results of this study provide a reference for future research on debris flow kinematics and flow channels of typical slope debris flows and their movement processes.
C1 [Yao Shunyu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Bazai, Nazir Ahmed] CAS HEC, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
   [Yao Shunyu] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Land Surface Syst & Simulat, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Yao Shunyu; Yi Shujian; Zou Qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Bazai, Nazir Ahmed; Tang Jinbo; Jiang Hu; Yi Shujian; Zou Qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang Hu] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resource, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ahmed, Tashfain] Balochistan Univ Informat Technol Engn & Manageme, Fac Informat Commun Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Quetta, Pakistan.
   [Guo Jian] Changan Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Xian 710064, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy
   of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS;
   Southwest University of Science & Technology - China; Balochistan
   University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences
   BUITEMS; Chang'an University
RP Bazai, NA (corresponding author), CAS HEC, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.; Bazai, NA (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM nazirbazai61@yahoo.com
TC 11
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD MAY
PY 2022
VL 112
IS 1
BP 565
EP 586
DI 10.1007/s11069-021-05194-7
EA JAN 2022
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000740627000001
ER

PT J
AU Yan, KM
   Wang, FW
   Fan, G
   Liu, Y
   Nam, K
   Zhang, B
AF Yan, Kongming
   Wang, Fawu
   Fan, Gang
   Liu, Yang
   Nam, Kounghoon
   Zhang, Bo
TI The Azijue debris flow induced by rainfall on 30 August 2020 in Ganluo
   County, Sichuan Province, southwestern China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Geo-hazard chain; Rainfall; Mountainous region
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MECHANISMS
AB At about 8:00 p.m. local time on 30 August 2020, a large-scale debris flow with an estimated volume of 3.2 million m(3) struck Azijue Village in north-eastern Ganluo County, Sichuan Province, China. The debris flow killed three residents, buried two villages, damaged a local middle school, crushed three bridges, and interrupted a significant transportation line (the Chengdu-Kunming Railway) for 14 days. This catastrophic debris flow was successfully detected by local residents 2 h before the final large-volume deposits arrived, which provided enough time for most of the residents to evacuate ahead of the deadly geohazard. To characterise the evolution process of the Azijue debris flow, a detailed field investigation was conducted with the aid of remote sensing technology. The results demonstrated that the debris flow, which had a high viscosity and large density, was part of a geohazard chain. Localised precipitation in a high-relief mountainous area primarily dominated by a subtropical monsoon climate was the main triggering factor for the debris flow. Thick ancient diluvial deposit in the debris flow gully was one of the main environmental factors that facilitated the rapid mass enlargement and long-runout movement of the debris flow. The catastrophic downstream loss of lives and infrastructure can be attributed to a major secondary landslide that originated at the end of the second sub-horizontal diluvial platform and initiated by the combined effect of continuous rainfall, top overloading, and toe cutting by the rapid and dense debris flow.
C1 [Yan, Kongming; Wang, Fawu; Nam, Kounghoon; Zhang, Bo] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Fawu] Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, Gang] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Yang] Sichuan Normal Univ, Inst Technol, Chengdu 610101, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Sichuan University; Sichuan Normal
   University
RP Wang, FW (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.; Wang, FW (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM wangfw@tongji.edu.cn
TC 11
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 4
BP 771
EP 788
DI 10.1007/s10346-022-02022-2
EA JAN 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000922247400001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, XM
   Yang, XH
   Yuan, RM
   Xu, R
   Liu, CH
AF Liu, Xuemei
   Yang, Xianhe
   Yuan, Renmao
   Xu, Rui
   Liu, Chaohai
TI Seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation model based on historical
   data and its application to areas with similar environmental settings
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE seismic landslide; Wenchuan earthquake; Luding earthquake;
   susceptibility evaluation; influencing factor
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CHINA
AB Seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation models are usually built on the basis of historical sample data; however, the evaluation results are often unsatisfactory when the environmental settings differ between the historical sample data region and application region. Therefore, similarity between the environmental settings is important for the application of such models. In this paper, a seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation model was first built using data from the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide, and the model was then used to evaluate the 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake area. In addition, the grade of susceptibility is typically represented by the landslide density, which is insufficient for capturing the details of landslides, such as their sizes, frequencies, and spatial distribution patterns. The authors therefore use a large and concentrated landslide as the susceptibility grade for the Luding earthquake area. The test results demonstrate that these two areas have similar background environments. The area under the curve (AUC) value of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of the evaluation accuracy for the model applied to the Luding earthquake area is 0.889, which indicates relatively high accuracy. Besides, the results also demonstrate that the evaluations are consistent with the disaster situation of the Moxi Platform, Wandong Village, as well as the Dagangshan Hydropower Station area. Therefore, it is reliable to apply the susceptibility evaluation model based on the Wenchuan earthquake data to the Luding earthquake area. These results show that better evaluations can be obtained based on environmental similarity tests between the areas used for historical data modeling and areas to which the models are applied.
C1 [Liu, Xuemei; Yang, Xianhe] Sichuan Earthquake Adm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yuan, Renmao] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Rui] Sichuan Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Chaohai] Remote Sensing Ctr Yunnan Prov, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Sichuan Earthquake Agency, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Sichuan University
RP Yang, XH (corresponding author), Sichuan Earthquake Adm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Yuan, RM (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM yangxh36@scdzj.gov.cn; yuanrenmao@ies.ac.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD JUL 3
PY 2024
VL 12
AR 1419851
DI 10.3389/feart.2024.1419851
SC Geology
UT WOS:001272080100001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, X
   Fan, XM
   Fang, CY
   Dai, LX
   Zhang, W
   Zheng, HR
   Xu, Q
AF Wang, Xin
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Fang, Chengyong
   Dai, Lanxin
   Zhang, Wei
   Zheng, Hongrui
   Xu, Qiang
TI Long-Term Landslide Evolution and Restoration After the Wenchuan
   Earthquake Revealed by Time-Series Remote Sensing Images
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; continuous remote sensing monitoring; post-seismic
   landslide evolution; land cover disturbance; vegetation restoration
ID VEGETATION RECOVERY; HAZARD; CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEM; RATES
AB A powerful earthquake, particularly in mountainous regions, has the ability to trigger an immense number of landslides, resulting in severe damages. However, effectively assessing their recoveries in the years following the mainshocks has not yet been attempted due to the lack of continuously updated landslide inventories. Therefore, we proposed a novel detection framework utilizing time-series Landsat images from 2000 to 2021, which enabled us to achieve a long-term landslide inventory in the seismic zone for the first time. The response patterns of landslide development under different conditions were explored in detail. The restoration models were quantitatively established, revealing that the recoveries of post-earthquake landslide activity and vital environmental indicators require a range from similar to 5.29 to similar to 25.00 years. This pioneering research is highly beneficial in comprehending the impact of earthquake-induced hazards on short-term land surface damage and long-term ecological equilibrium.
   The Wenchuan earthquake triggered tens of thousands of landslides and caused severe surface damages, leading to adverse impacts on the local environment in the following period. Therefore, we implemented an approach that combines change detection techniques with long-term remote sensing images to track the landslide activities from 2000 to 2021. Consequently, continuous landslide maps have been produced, and the post-earthquake landslide activities were analyzed under different conditions considering various factors. We also explored the restorations for the undisturbed landslides after the earthquake using important ecological indicators. The results suggest that the recovery of landslide activity and surface evapotranspiration was rapid. However, the regrowth and succession of damaged plants required a longer time. Moreover, it would take decades to fully restore the vegetation ecological function, which shatters our original impression on the persistence of post-earthquake landslide impacts.
   The inventories with over 21 years of continuous landslide activities prior to and following the Wenchuan earthquake were compiledApart from acknowledged attenuation, diverse environment exposed various evolutionary patterns of post-earthquake landslide activityDamaged plant succession and ecological function restoration underwent lengthier durations than post-seismic landslide stabilization
C1 [Wang, Xin; Fan, Xuanmei; Fang, Chengyong; Dai, Lanxin; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Wei] Nanjing Hydraul Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Water Disaster Prevent, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
   [Zheng, Hongrui] Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Geosci & Technol, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute;
   Southwest Petroleum University
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 21
Z9 22
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
PD JAN 28
PY 2024
VL 51
IS 2
AR e2023GL106422
DI 10.1029/2023GL106422
SC Geology
UT WOS:001149634300001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, Y
   Cui, P
   Wang, ZY
   Liang, SQ
AF Wang, Yang
   Cui, Peng
   Wang, Zhaoyin
   Liang, Shuangqing
TI Threshold criterion for debris flow initiation in seasonal gullies
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Grain composition; Seasonal gully; Non-uniform sediment; Debris flow
   initiation; Critical gradient; Critical discharge
ID INCIPIENT SEDIMENT MOTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HIGH SLOPES; MECHANISMS;
   LANDSLIDE; TRANSPORT; FAILURE
AB A series of flume experiments were done to investigate the effect of grain composition on the critical gradient and discharge of debris flows initiated in seasonal gullies. The results indicated that the critical gradient and discharge for debris flow initiation decrease initially, and then increase as the mass content of fine particles (< 2 mm) increases. As the mass content of fine particles increases, the angle of repose, permeability of widely graded gravel soils, and the incipient motion conditions of the coarse grains in non-uniform sediments decrease at first, and then increase. The mass content of fine particles of all inflection points is the same. The theoretical model based on the combination of hydrodynamic force and shear stress is more applicable to the prediction of the critical gradient for debris flow initiation. The critical discharge model considering the effect of non-homogeneity of the soil and the size of coarse and fine grains provides a more accurate prediction of debris flow initiation than other models based on the mean diameter. (C) 2017 International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation/the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Yang; Cui, Peng; Liang, Shuangqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Zhaoyin] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yang; Liang, Shuangqing] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Tsinghua University; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in
   Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Wang, Y (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM wangyangcas@163.com; pengcui@imde.ac.cn; zywang@tsinghua.edu.cn;
   liangshugqing812@126.com
TC 20
Z9 22
PU IRTCES
PI BEIJING
PA PO BOX 366, BEIJING, 100044, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1001-6279
PD JUN
PY 2017
VL 32
IS 2
BP 231
EP 239
DI 10.1016/j.ijsrc.2017.03.003
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000405496300010
ER

PT J
AU Yang, YS
   Fan, XM
   Wang, X
   Lv, LY
   Zou, CB
   Feng, ZT
AF Yang, Yinshuang
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Wang, Xin
   Lv, Linyi
   Zou, Chengbin
   Feng, Zetao
TI Net primary productivity changes associated with landslides induced by
   the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
SO LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT
DT Article
DE ecosystem function; landslides; NPP; vegetation; Wenchuan Earthquake
ID ORGANIC-CARBON BURIAL; SOIL CARBON; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; HURST
   EXPONENT; EROSION; TERRESTRIAL; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; SEQUESTRATION;
   TRENDS
AB The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake triggered massive landslide erosion, especially in mountainous terrain, which had a great impact on carbon storage of the local terrestrial ecosystem. However, variation in carbon flux and restoration of ecosystem function after the Wenchuan Earthquake remain open issues. In this study, we evaluated the current restored vegetation productive capability on the coseismic landslide scars through moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) net primary productivity (NPP) imagery, and explored their sensitivity to meteorological, topographical, and geological factors. The spatio-temporal evolution and future sustainability of NPP of the landslides after the Earthquake were revealed. The following results were obtained: (i) After 13 years, only 45.36% of the vegetation productivity capability of the landslide scars reached the pre-earthquake level. (ii) Meteorological factors (precipitation and temperature) have strongest influences on vegetation productivity capability recovery over the coseismic landslide scars, followed by topography (aspect, slope, and altitude) and the lithology of landslides. (iii) The extremely significant improvement (p < 0.01) and significant improvement (0.01 <= p < 0.05) in annual NPP pixel values from 2008 to 2021 accounted for 18.92% and 28.30% of the total area, respectively. The slight degradation (p < 0.1) in annual NPP pixel values from 2008 to 2021 account for 0.01% of the total area. In general, the NPP has shown an improving trend since the Wenchuan Earthquake. Moreover, 60.95% of the total area shows the trends of continuous improvement in the future. This study provides important insight into how mega-earthquakes affect regional ecosystem carbon flux and contributes to our understanding of ecosystem carbon cycles along with earthquake-induced geohazard chains.
C1 [Yang, Yinshuang; Fan, Xuanmei; Wang, Xin; Lv, Linyi; Zou, Chengbin; Feng, Zetao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 6
Z9 7
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1085-3278
EI 1099-145X
PD FEB 28
PY 2023
VL 34
IS 4
BP 1035
EP 1050
DI 10.1002/ldr.4514
EA DEC 2022
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture
UT WOS:000897964100001
ER

PT J
AU Cui, SH
   Pei, XJ
   Jiang, Y
   Wang, GH
   Fan, XM
   Yang, QW
   Huang, RQ
AF Cui, Shenghua
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Jiang, Yao
   Wang, Gonghui
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Yang, Qingwen
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Liquefaction within a bedding fault: Understanding the initiation and
   movement of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan
   Earthquake (Ms=8.0)
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Daguangbao landslide; Wenchuan earthquake; Initiation mechanism;
   Ring-shear test; Coseismic landslide
ID TSAOLING LANDSLIDE; STRONG-MOTION; SHEAR TESTS; CHI-CHI; VELOCITY; FLOW;
   PRESSURE; MODEL; GENERATION; MECHANISM
AB The Daguangbao landslide was the most catastrophic mass movement triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with a magnitude scale of Ms. 8.0. The landslide, which was 4.6 km long and 3.7 km wide, had a volume of approximately 1.2 x 10(9) m(3). Since its occurrence, many assumptions regarding its initiation and movement mechanisms have been made; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Our recent field evidence suggested that the Daguangbao landslide occurred along a saturated fault parallel to the bedding in the Paleozoic carbonate strata. We therefore examined whether the shear behavior of the fault material could have favored the initiation and movement of the Daguangbao landslide. First, we performed monotonic and cyclic loading tests on samples taken from the bedding fault breccia using ring-shear apparatus. We then conducted Newmark displacement analysis to examine the initiation and motion of the landslide. The laboratory results showed that the carbonate fault breccia on the sliding layer of the landslide has a high liquefaction potential and the friction coefficient at its steady-state under undrained condition could be as small as 0.04. We also found that with increase of shear displacement, the friction coefficients can at first exponentially increase to the peak-failure value and then exponentially decrease to the steady-state value. These relationships between the friction and shear displacements were incorporated in the Newmark analysis of landslide initiation and motion. The numerical calculation results showed that the landslide occurred 36 s after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake origin time (at its hypocenter), and the landslide mass, with a speed of 94 m/s, collided with a riverbank in the 76th second. We infer that, in addition to the strong seismic force, pore-water pressure built up within the bedding fault during the seismic shaking, enhancing the instability of the Daguangbao slope, and a further increase of pore-water pressure with progress of sliding elevated the mobility of the landslide.
C1 [Cui, Shenghua; Pei, Xiangjun; Fan, Xuanmei; Yang, Qingwen; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Yao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, 9,Block 4,South Renmin Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Yao] CAS HEC, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
   [Cui, Shenghua; Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Kyoto University
RP Cui, SH; Pei, XJ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM cuishenghua18@cdut.edu.cn; peixj0119@tom.com; yjiang@imde.ac.cn;
   wanggh@landslide.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp; fanxuanmei@gmai.com;
   hrq@cdut.edu.cn
TC 120
Z9 129
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD DEC 20
PY 2021
VL 295
AR 106455
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106455
EA NOV 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000721316300006
ER

PT J
AU Wang, DF
   Liu, L
   Luo, C
   Wen, XH
   Li, YX
   Ren, DY
   Tang, W
AF Wang, Defu
   Liu, Li
   Luo, Chao
   Wen, Xuehu
   Li, Yongxin
   Ren, Dongyu
   Tang, Wei
TI Application of multi-source remote sensing technologies in
   identification and evolution mechanism analysis of creep landslides: a
   case study of Shibatai landslide in Wenchuan earthquake area
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake area; creep landslide; multi-source remote sensing;
   refined identification; application inspiration
AB Slow-moving landslides pose significant long-term hazards in seismically active mountainous regions. However, their subtle deformation patterns and complex internal structures present challenges for accurate identification and monitoring using conventional methods. This study integrates remote sensing technologies, including InSAR, DIC, LiDAR, and UAV photogrammetry, to comprehensively analyze the Shibatai creep landslide in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area. Results reveal that the landslide exhibits a four-stage evolution process, from initial gravity-induced creep to earthquake disturbance, rainfall influence, and multi-level sliding formation. The study identifies six secondary sliding bodies within the landslide, with the most intense deformation occurring at their boundaries. Notably, DIC and UAV technologies demonstrated superior performance in detecting significant deformation features, aligning closely with field observations. The research proposes a multi-scale, multi-technology combination strategy for landslide investigation, emphasizing the complementary nature of different remote sensing techniques. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of focusing on main deformation areas, particularly at the boundaries of secondary blocks, for efficient field verification and monitoring. These findings provide valuable insights for refining landslide identification processes, optimizing monitoring strategies, and enhancing risk assessment in post-earthquake environments.
C1 [Wang, Defu; Liu, Li; Luo, Chao; Wen, Xuehu; Li, Yongxin; Tang, Wei] Minist Nat Resources, Inst GeoInformat Mapping 3, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Li; Ren, Dongyu] Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Digital Cartog & Land Informat Applicat, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China;
   Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China
RP Liu, L (corresponding author), Minist Nat Resources, Inst GeoInformat Mapping 3, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Liu, L (corresponding author), Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Digital Cartog & Land Informat Applicat, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM liuli.cn@hotmail.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD FEB 27
PY 2025
VL 13
AR 1498028
DI 10.3389/feart.2025.1498028
SC Geology
UT WOS:001447960300001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, LJ
   Chang, M
   Dou, XY
   Ma, GC
   Yang, CY
AF Wang, Lijuan
   Chang, Ming
   Dou, Xiangyang
   Ma, Guochao
   Yang, Chenyuan
TI Analysis of River Blocking Induced by a Debris Flow
SO GEOFLUIDS
DT Article
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN PROVINCE; LONGCHI AREA; LANDSLIDES; RAINFALL
AB Both the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, and the Lushan earthquake on April 12, 2013, produced many coseismic landslides along the Nanya River in Shimian City. Subsequent debris flows that initiated from these landslides and are triggered by intense rainfall become the secondary hazard in the years after the earthquake; in particular, some debris flows led to a serious river blocking event. For example, the Guangyuanbao debris flow which occurred on July 04, 2013, partly blocked the Nanya River, presenting a major threat to the national highway and residential areas. To analyze the pattern of landslide damming, we analyzed numerical simulations of the movement characteristics of the Guangyuanbao debris flow using rainfall intensities with varying recurrence periods of 5, 20, and 50 years. The accuracy of the spreading of the numerical simulation is about 90%. The simulation indicated a small volume of sediment entering the river for a rainfall under 5-year return period. A debris flow induced by rainfall under 20-year return period partly blocked the river, while rainfall under 50-year return period has potential to block the river completely. This proposed analysis of river blocking induced by a debris flow could be used for disaster prevention in earthquake-stricken area.
C1 [Wang, Lijuan; Chang, Ming; Dou, Xiangyang; Ma, Guochao; Yang, Chenyuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Lijuan; Ma, Guochao] Sichuan Acad Safety Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610045, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Chang, M (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM changmxq@126.com
TC 16
Z9 16
PU WILEY-HINDAWI
PI LONDON
PA ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FL, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON, WIT 5HE, ENGLAND
SN 1468-8115
EI 1468-8123
PY 2017
AR UNSP 1268135
DI 10.1155/2017/1268135
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
UT WOS:000412595900001
ER

PT J
AU Jin, W
   Zhang, GT
AF Jin, Wen
   Zhang, Guotao
TI Controls on spatiotemporal heterogeneity and evolution of debris flows
   along a traffic corridor affected by the strong Wenchuan earthquake
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Post-earthquake debris flow; Spatiotemporal heterogeneity; Evolution;
   Geographical detectors; Cluster analysis; Traffic corridor
ID TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; THRESHOLD; RAINFALL; IMPACT; RIVER; AREA
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake produced numerous loose materials with serious impact on the occurrence of debris flow within the affected region, notably impeding the traffic safety transport and local economic recovery. Given its extended duration of earthquake aftermath and its significance as a traffic corridor, Wenchuan County was chosen as the primary study area for examining the evolution of spatiotemporal heterogeneity and determinants of post-earthquake debris flows. 166 debris flow events across 69 catchments in this region from 2008 to 2019 were compiled. Results revealed a marked surge in debris flow events, with pronounced spatial variations observed during different post-earthquake phases. Notably, the epicentre of these debris' flows transitioned away from the earthquake's epicentre over time. According to the duration and frequency of debris flow activity, the evolution of debris flow was divided into five distinct types: two types with low loose material supply have entered the recovery stage of debris flow, and three types with high loose material supply and heavy precipitation are still in the unstable stage of debris flow activity. To ascertain the determining factors for these varying debris flow patterns, 11 parameters encompassing topography, earthquake effects, and loose material availability, were analysed using Geographical detectors. The proximity to the fault and the amount of precipitation was found to profoundly impact the evolution of different debris flow types, as evidenced by influence indicators of 0.4211 and 0.3725 respectively. Our findings could offer valuable theoretical implications for tailored postearthquake debris flow mitigation strategies, thereby bolstering disaster preparedness.
C1 [Jin, Wen] Minist Emergency Management, Natl Disaster Reduct Ctr China, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Guotao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS
RP Zhang, GT (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM jinwen@ndrcc.org.cn; zhangguotao@igsnrr.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD NOV
PY 2025
VL 259
AR 109356
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109356
EA AUG 2025
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:001549896100001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, JQ
   Zhang, W
   Lu, CW
   Zheng, YH
   Liu, HC
   Li, WK
   Yin, H
   Wang, J
   Wang, YD
AF Chen, Junqi
   Zhang, Wen
   Lu, Changwei
   Zheng, Yanhao
   Liu, Hongcheng
   Li, Wankun
   Yin, Han
   Wang, Jia
   Wang, Yindong
TI Evolution and migration patterns of sediments in an earthquake-affected
   catchment in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, China
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Sediment evolution; Wenchuan earthquake; Migration patterns; Sediment
   monitoring
ID DEBRIS FLOWS; AREA
AB Earthquakes of magnitude often contribute to changes in sediment availability, and those available sediments, once entrained by runoff, can lead to catastrophic debris flow events. Effective management of debris flow events in seismic areas relies on monitoring the changes in available sediments at the catchment scale and the movement mode of available sediments at the sedimentary deposits scale. For this reason, the present study integrates satellite remote sensing images, terrestrial 3D laser scanner, and field experiments to establish a monitoring framework across diverse spatial scales. This approach reveals the evolution and migration patterns of available sediments in the typical debris flow catchment Cutou gully in the Wenchuan earthquake area since the 2008 earthquake disaster. Accordingly, we can illuminate how sediment evolution responds to different disaster events and clarify the sediment migration patterns before and during debris flow disasters. It is found that the seismic events led to an increase in sediments available for mobilization within Cutou gully. For the available sediments involved in the debris flow, since some of the loosely consolidated active material sources were carried away by the debris flow, following the debris flow, they were more stable compared to those not involved in the debris flow. Available sediments migrated from the upper slopes with higher elevation to the debris flow channel with lower elevation due to surface runoff before and during the debris flow. Localized collapse at the toe of the sedimentary deposits occurred continuously in a retrogressive manner, mainly due to lateral erosion of the channel bank, which complements the magnitude of the debris flow.
C1 [Chen, Junqi; Zhang, Wen; Li, Wankun; Yin, Han; Wang, Jia] Jilin Univ, Coll Construct Engn, Changchun 130015, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Changwei; Liu, Hongcheng] Jilin Prov Water Resource & Hydropower Consultat C, Changchun 130026, Jilin, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yindong] Jilin Team Geol Survey Ctr China Bldg Mat Ind, Changchun 130026, Peoples R China.
   [Zheng, Yanhao] Harbin Inst Technol, Shenzhen 518000, Peoples R China.
C3 Jilin University; Harbin Institute of Technology
RP Zhang, W (corresponding author), Jilin Univ, Coll Construct Engn, Changchun 130015, Peoples R China.; Lu, CW (corresponding author), Jilin Prov Water Resource & Hydropower Consultat C, Changchun 130026, Jilin, Peoples R China.
EM zhang_wen@jlu.edu.cn; 553079703@qq.com
TC 15
Z9 15
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 249
AR 108712
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2025.108712
EA JAN 2025
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:001399139700001
ER

PT J
AU Yang, MJ
   Cui, SH
   Pei, XJ
   Jiang, T
AF Yang, Mengjie
   Cui, Shenghua
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Jiang, Tao
TI Climate controls denudation rates from earthquake-triggered landslides
   in tectonically active mountains
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide denudation; Rainfall and earthquake
   coupling; Topographic evolution
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; SLOPE STABILITY; EASTERN
   MARGIN; EROSION RATES; SEDIMENT; EVOLUTION; INCISION; UPLIFT; HAZARDS
AB Against the backdrop of global climate change, the combined effects of frequent seismic activity, intense rainfall, and steep terrain have heightened landslide risks in the Himalayan region. Existing regional-scale studies have primarily focused on landslide denudation triggered by either rainfall or earthquakes, while investigations considering their combined influence remain limited. This study quantifies landslide denudation caused by the Wenchuan earthquake. It examines its relationship with the coupling of rainfall and seismic activity, thereby assessing the impact of rainfall-earthquake interactions on topographic evolution. Based on an analysis of landslide spatial distribution data, topographic indicators, rainfall, and earthquake parameters. We identified a significant nonlinear relationship between landslide denudation rates and topographic metrics. The coupling of rainfall and earthquakes substantially amplified landslide denudation rates. Rainfall continuously weakened rock mass strength through cyclical weathering and fluctuations in pore water pressure; when seismic events occurred, the equivalent rock strength further declined and surpassed the critical threshold for slope failure. This process increased landslide denudation rates and reduced the degree of nonlinearity, with the reduction being most pronounced under hard-rock conditions. Overall, this study enhances the understanding of erosion dynamics driven by extreme events in active orogenic belts.
C1 [Yang, Mengjie; Cui, Shenghua; Pei, Xiangjun; Jiang, Tao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Shenghua] Tianfu Yongxing Lab, Chengdu 610213, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory
RP Cui, SH (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM yangmengjie@stu.cdut.edu.cn; cuishenghua18@cdut.edu.cn;
   Peixj0119@tom.com; jiang_tao@stu.cdut.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD FEB 1
PY 2026
VL 494
AR 110112
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110112
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001634505500001
ER

PT J
AU Huang, WB
   Huang, D
   Song, YX
AF Huang, Wen-Bo
   Huang, Da
   Song, Yi-Xiang
TI Effect of earthquake-induced liquefaction of runout-path material on the
   movement of landslide
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Donghekou landslide; Wenchuan earthquake; Triaxial compression test;
   Liquefaction; Dynamic loading
ID DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; PORE-PRESSURE GENERATION; 1920
   HAIYUAN EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FRICTION DEGRADATION;
   NIUMIANGOU LANDSLIDE; DISPLACEMENT; MECHANISMS; INITIATION; VELOCITY
AB The Donghekou landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was a typical large-scale rapid and long runout landslide. The saturated deposit material in runout path was liquefiable under the dynamic loading, which may play a key role in the hypermobility of the Donghekou landslide. The dynamic loading triaxial compression tests were performed to investigate dynamic responses of the soil samples from the runout path. The influence of variation of pore water pressure of deposit in runout path on the movement process of the landslide was investigated and analyzed by discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). The results show that the impact loading could cause a sharp rise of the pore water pressure of the soil, but it cannot trigger liquefaction before the sample failure. Seismic loading is the main loading that causes the liquefaction of deposit material, while landquake loading has little effect on soil liquefaction. During the earthquake, liquefaction of the shallow soil (the depth was < 10 m) of deposit in the runout path was induced by the seismic loading. Thus, the shallow runout-path material and landslide debris can slide faster and farther under a significantly small friction.
C1 [Huang, Wen-Bo; Song, Yi-Xiang] Hebei Univ Technol, Sch Civil & Transportat Engn, Tianjin 300401, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Da] Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
C3 Hebei University of Technology; Chang'an University
RP Huang, D (corresponding author), Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
EM 201811601008@stu.hebut.edu.cn; dahuang@hebut.edu.cn;
   yixiang-song@hebut.edu.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD DEC
PY 2023
VL 82
IS 23
AR 555
DI 10.1007/s12665-023-11217-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:001099054800003
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, JW
   Cui, P
   Fang, H
AF Zhou, Jia-wen
   Cui, Peng
   Fang, Hua
TI Dynamic process analysis for the formation of Yangjiagou
   landslide-dammed lake triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide; River blocking; Dammed lake; Numerical
   simulation; Dynamic process
ID RAPID LANDSLIDES; MODEL; MOTION; RIVER; DAMS
AB The damming of rivers by landslides resulting in the formation of a lake was one of the typical secondary geological hazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake which occurred on May 12, 2008. Some landslide-dammed lakes were at a high risk of causing further damage since the rainstorm season was expected soon after the earthquake. Understanding the dynamic processes in the formation of landslide-dammed lakes is helpful in planning the mitigation measures. The Yangjiagou landslide-dammed lake was selected as a case study to investigate the typical processes of dam formation. The dynamic simulation of the formation of the Yangjiagou landslide-dammed lake was divided into two steps: the landslide step and the overflow/overtopping step. Two-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) was adopted to investigate the mechanics of the Yangjiagou landslide. The landslide process was found to be controlled by the bond strength and residual friction coefficient of the DEM models. Computational results show that the formation of the landslide dam took approximately 35 s. The maximum velocity of a typical particle was approximately 26.8 m/s. The shallow-water equation and finite difference method were used to analyze the hydrodynamic mechanisms of the overflow process of the landslide-dammed lake. Computational results show that overflow would have occurred 15.1 h after the river was blocked, and overtopping failure occurs for the landslide dam in the rainstorm season when the water flow is large enough, causing a major disaster.
C1 [Zhou, Jia-wen; Cui, Peng; Fang, Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Jia-wen] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Sichuan University
RP Zhou, JW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM jwzhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 90
Z9 103
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 10
IS 3
BP 331
EP 342
DI 10.1007/s10346-013-0387-3
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000319768400008
ER

PT J
AU Chigira, M
   Wu, XY
   Inokuchi, T
   Wang, GH
AF Chigira, Masahiro
   Wu, Xiyong
   Inokuchi, Takashi
   Wang, Gonghui
TI Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslides; Fault surface rupture; Inner valley
ID GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PRECURSORS
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with a magnitude of Mw 7.9 induced numerous slope movements on the hanging walls of fault surface ruptures and on steep inner valleys along the Minjiang River. Landslide moving directions showed preferred orientations normal to the fault ruptures, indicating the effect of the directivity of the seismic wave. The most common landslides were of carbonate rocks, which are easily dissolved and decrease the contact surfaces. The largest non-volcanic landslide in history was induced in bedded dolomite by the earthquake, and was preceded by gravitational deformation with ridge-top depressions. Valley-fill materials were mobilized at 36 locations, probably by pore water pressure build up. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chigira, Masahiro; Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
   [Wu, Xiyong] SW Jiaotong Univ, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Inokuchi, Takashi] Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050006, Japan.
C3 Kyoto University; Southwest Jiaotong University; National Research
   Institute for Earth Science & Disaster Resilience
RP Chigira, M (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
EM chigira@slope.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
TC 307
Z9 331
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JUN 1
PY 2010
VL 118
IS 3-4
BP 225
EP 238
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.01.003
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000277904600001
ER

PT J
AU Yang, JT
   Xu, C
   Jin, X
AF Yang, Jintao
   Xu, Chong
   Jin, Xu
TI Joint Effects and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Driving Factors
   of Landslides in Earthquake Areas
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE geodetector; co-seismic landslide; spatial pattern; triggering factors;
   interaction effects; driving force; engineering geology
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RAINFALL; REGION; GIS; PREDICTION;
   MECHANISM
AB Understanding the joint effects of earthquakes and driving factors on the spatial distribution of landslides is helpful for targeted disaster prevention and mitigation in earthquake-prone areas. By far, little work has been done on this issue. This study analyzed the co-seismic landslide of the M-s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and 2014. The joint effects and spatiotemporal characteristics of the driving factors in seismic regions were revealed. Results show that (a) between 2008 and 2014, the dominant driving-factor for landslides has changed from earthquake to rock mass; (b) driving factors with weak driving force have a significant enhancement under the joint effects of other factors; (c) the joint effects of driving factors and earthquake decays with time. The study concluded that the strong vibration of the Wenchuan earthquake and the rock mass strength are the biggest contributors to the spatial distribution of landslides in 2008 and 2014, respectively. It means that the driving force of the earthquake is weaker than that of the rock mass after six years of the Wenchuan earthquake. Moreover, the landslide spatial distribution can be attributed to the joint effects of the Wenchuan earthquake and driving factors, and the earthquake has an enhanced effect on other factors.
C1 [Yang, Jintao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Jintao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Xu] Chengdu Yuanjing Technol Co Ltd, Chengdu 610093, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM chongxu@ninhm.ac.cn
TC 17
Z9 18
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD APR
PY 2023
VL 34
IS 2
BP 330
EP 338
DI 10.1007/s12583-021-1465-4
SC Geology
UT WOS:000981674700005
ER

PT J
AU Chen, M
   Tang, C
   Li, MW
   Xiong, J
   Luo, YT
   Shi, QY
   Zhang, XZ
   Tie, Y
   Feng, Q
AF Chen, Ming
   Tang, Chuan
   Li, Mingwei
   Xiong, Jiang
   Luo, Yuting
   Shi, Qingyun
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Tie, Yu
   Feng, Qiang
TI Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving
   factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Coseismic landslides; Surface recovery; Driving
   factor
ID 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; VEGETATION RECOVERY; DEBRIS FLOWS; EVOLUTION;
   IMPACTS; EROSION
AB A major earthquake can trigger numerous landslides, which exert severe impacts on regional vegetation coverage. In some years following an earthquake, rainstorms can easily reactivate coseismic deposits and unstable hillslopes. Vegetation can improve the post-seismic slope instability by the root reinforcement effect, and it is significant to investigate the changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides for a long-term assessment of post-earthquake geohazards. However, due to limited earth observations, it remains elusive that how long the surface vegetation of coseismic landslides caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake will recover to the pre earthquake level. We studied the long-term evolution of surface recovery in coseismic landslide-affected areas using multi-temporal Landsat images from 2000 to 2020. We calculated the vegetation recovery rates in different periods, which were used to quantify the rate of vegetation regrowth and landslide activity intensity. We found that 71.34% of the affected areas have been properly revegetated, and the area percentage of landslides in high activity, middle activity, low activity and dormant were 17.6%, 12.4%, 17.7% and 52.3%, respectively in 2020. To examine the factors controlling the surface recovery at coseismic landslides, we further analyzed the relationships between landslide recovery and eighteen influencing factors, and we found that elevation, peak ground acceleration, rainfall, lithology and gully density are the key factors that control landslide surface recovery over all others. Overall the trend of surface recovery at coseismic landslides suggests that the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on the activities of shallow landslides almost ceases within 17 years in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas.
C1 [Chen, Ming; Tang, Chuan; Xiong, Jiang; Shi, Qingyun; Zhang, Xianzheng; Tie, Yu; Feng, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Mingwei] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geophys & Geochem Explorat, Langfang 065000, Hebei, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Yuting] Sichuan Acad Safety Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610045, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological Survey; Institute of
   Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological
   Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM chenminggeo@163.com; tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 41
Z9 46
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD MAR
PY 2022
VL 210
AR 105871
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105871
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000790437700004
ER

PT J
AU Yang, G
   Cheng, S
   Zhang, L
   Li, JY
   Yu, H
AF Yang, Gang
   Cheng, Song
   Zhang, Li
   Li, Jiyue
   Yu, Hui
TI SUBSTANTIAL WATER LOSS FROM FOREST SURFACE SOIL AFTER THE WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE
SO FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN
DT Article
DE Wenchuan; Landslide; Soil water properties; Temperate forests; Tree
   mortality
ID TREE MORTALITY; DROUGHT; GROWTH
AB This study aimed to determine the water loss quantity of surface soil from temperate forests after severe earthquake. We established three plots at each of the landslide and non-landslide Cupressus funebris stands at Shiyan site, two plots in the landslide and three in the non-landslide Cryptomeria fortunei forest stands at the Shuangdian site near the fault belt of the Wenchuan Earthquake. Each of the plots was 20 m x 20 m. In June and October, for analysis of soil water properties, soil samples were collected by aluminum cylinders (100 cm(3)) at each of three soil layers (0-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm), respectively, at the center and near the four corners of each plot. We found that saturated water content and capillary water capacity were lower in landslide plots than in non-landslide ones, with the landslide-induced soil water loss at the forest stands ranging from 74 to 357 t/hm(2), indicating that earthquake-induced landslide dried the surface soil of forest. Such earthquake-induced soil drying varied with different forest stands. Compared with that of C. funebris, the surface soil of C. fortunei lost less soil water, suggesting the greater water retention ability of the latter. The water stress created by earthquake-induced landslides may be the dominant contributor to the tree mortality in C. funebris and C. fortunei in the fault zone of the Wenchuan Earthquake.
C1 [Yang, Gang] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Life Sci & Engn, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Song] Qufu Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Qufu 273165, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Song] GeCheng Global Ecotech Inc, 988 Dodridge Rd, Columbus, OH 43200 USA.
   [Zhang, Li] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Everglades Wetland Res Pk, Naples, FL 34112 USA.
   [Li, Jiyue] South China Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Yu, Hui] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University of Science & Technology - China; Qufu Normal
   University; State University System of Florida; Florida Gulf Coast
   University; South China Agricultural University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Cheng, S (corresponding author), Qufu Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Qufu 273165, Peoples R China.
EM chengs889@gmail.com
TC 1
Z9 1
PU PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P)
PI FREISING
PA ANGERSTR. 12, 85354 FREISING, GERMANY
SN 1018-4619
EI 1610-2304
PY 2017
VL 26
IS 7
BP 4350
EP 4356
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000406355800005
ER

PT J
AU Huang, R
   Fan, X
   Xu, Q
   Scaringi, G
   Hu, W
   Rengers, N
   Wang, G
AF Huang, R.
   Fan, X.
   Xu, Q.
   Scaringi, G.
   Hu, W.
   Rengers, N.
   Wang, G.
TI The iRALL Doctoral School 2018: advanced studies on large landslides on
   the 10th anniversary of the Wenchuan earthquake
SO LANDSLIDES
DT News Item
ID XINMO LANDSLIDE; SICHUAN; CHINA; FAILURE; MITIGATION; MAOXIAN; MODEL
C1 [Huang, R.; Fan, X.; Xu, Q.; Scaringi, G.; Hu, W.; Rengers, N.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Rengers, N.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Wang, G.] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Twente; Kyoto University
RP Fan, X (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD SEP
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 9
BP 1901
EP 1903
DI 10.1007/s10346-018-1042-9
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000443566700015
ER

PT J
AU Wei, XL
   Chen, NS
   Cheng, QG
   He, N
   Deng, MF
   Tanoli, JI
AF Wei Xue-li
   Chen Ning-sheng
   Cheng Qian-gong
   He Na
   Deng Ming-feng
   Tanoli, Javed Iqbal
TI Long-term activity of earthquake-induced landslides: A case study from
   Qionghai Lake Basin, Southwest of China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Qionghai Lake; Earthquake; Landslide; Debris flow; Sediment yield
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS FLOW; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES;
   LOMA-PRIETA; RIVER; NORTHRIDGE; PREDICTION; HAZARDS; EROSION; SICHUAN
AB Earthquake-triggered landslides are a major geological hazard in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and have prolonged impact on earth surface processes and fluvial system. To determine how long co-seismic landslides affect basins, a massive number of landslides existing in Qionghai Lake Basin were investigated for landslide distribution characteristics and geomorphological evidences, with further comparison and analysis using historic seismic analog method. The landslides found in Qionghai Lake Basin showed clear features of seismic triggering with strongly controlled by Zemuhe fault. These landslides are still active at present. Some new slides generally occur in ancient slope failure zones causing serious secondary hazards in recent years. In this study we strengthen the idea that the landslides triggered by the 1850 Xichang earthquake (MS7.5) have long term activity and prolonged impact on the mountain disasters with a period of more than 160 years. Our results support growing evidence that co-seismic landslides have a prolonged effect on secondary disasters in a basin, and invite more careful consideration of the relationship between current basin condition and landslide history for a longer period.
C1 [Wei Xue-li; Cheng Qian-gong] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Ning-sheng; He Na; Deng Ming-feng; Tanoli, Javed Iqbal] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM weixl8115@126.com; chennsh@imde.ac.cn
TC 24
Z9 32
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAY
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 3
BP 607
EP 624
DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2970-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000336319100004
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, J
   Tang, C
   Chen, M
   Zhang, XZ
   Shi, QY
   Gong, LF
AF Xiong, Jiang
   Tang, Chuan
   Chen, Ming
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Shi, Qingyun
   Gong, Lingfeng
TI Activity characteristics and enlightenment of the debris flow triggered
   by the rainstorm on 20 August 2019 in Wenchuan County, China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flow; Debris flow activity; Sediment supply;
   Strong rainfall
ID SEDIMENT YIELD; EARTHQUAKE; AREA; LANDSLIDES; VEGETATION; THRESHOLD;
   EVOLUTION; IMPACT; SOIL
AB Debris flow activity increased after the Wenchuan earthquake, and many debris flows continue to occur. Recently, a catastrophic debris flow event was triggered by strong rainfall on 20 August 2019 in Wenchuan County, China. The main purposes of this article are to analyse the activity characteristics of this disaster and further to analyse the long-term activity of debris flow in Wenchuan County based on the analysis results of this disaster. According to a field survey and remote sensing image interpretation, this strong rainfall triggered 15 debris flows that occurred simultaneously in the large watershed in northern Wenchuan County, and they were characterised by strong channel erosion and a disaster chain effect. The activity and sediment supply capacity of landslides have decreased significantly, and the landslides that provided materials for this debris flow event are mainly distributed on both banks of tributaries. The amounts of triggering rainfall and antecedent accumulated rainfall for this debris flow event were 13.7 mm and 47.1 mm, respectively. In addition, the channel runoff formed by strong short-duration rainfall eroded the channel deposits, and temporary check dams failed due to slope failures; these are the main causes for debris flows in the next period. Analyses of the debris flow volume versus watershed area and the maximum erosion modulus prove that the debris flow activity in Wenchuan County is decreasing with time, but more than 5 similar to 10 years will be required to recover to the pre-earthquake level.
C1 [Xiong, Jiang; Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming; Zhang, Xianzheng; Shi, Qingyun; Gong, Lingfeng] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 63
Z9 70
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD FEB
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 2
BP 873
EP 888
DI 10.1007/s10064-020-01981-x
EA OCT 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000575737800002
ER

PT J
AU Liu, F
   Li, JF
   Yang, SH
AF Liu, Feng
   Li, Jianfeng
   Yang, Shunhu
TI Landslide erosion associated with the Wenchuan earthquake in the
   Minjiang River watershed: Implication for landscape evolution of the
   Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide; Surface erosion; Landscape evolution;
   Minjiang River; Longmen Shan
ID SURFACE RUPTURE; MOUNTAIN BELT; FAULT ZONE; SICHUAN; SLIP; SEDIMENT;
   OBLIQUE; UPLIFT; MASS; INFERENCES
AB In tectonically active mountain belts, earthquakes can contribute to surface erosion by generating large-scale landslides. This study focuses on establishing the relationship between surface erosion caused by the earthquake-induced landslides and landscape evolution of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibet Plateau. The inventory of landslides related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the Minjiang River watershed was based on high-resolution remote sensing images and field surveys. The estimated landslide erosion rate related to the Wenchuan earthquake is of the order 0.4-0.6 mm year(-1) on both sides of the Minjiang River and its tributaries. This erosion is similar to erosion rates of 0.5-0.8 mm year(-1) measured by low-temperature thermochronology over a Myr-timescale. The landslides associated with repeated large earthquakes may contribute to this Myr-timescale surface erosion via enhanced erosion efficiency. Post-seismic high-resolution digital elevation models covering the period from 2008 and 2012 were compared to quantify fluvial erosion in the Baisha River, a tributary of the Minjiang River. The volume of eroded materials was approximately 1.9 x 10(4) m(3) over the 4-year period. In addition, the rapid removal of co-seismic knickpoints indicates significant post-seismic river transportation. If large earthquakes, such as the Wenchuan earthquake, have occurred at intervals of 2,000-3,000 years, then the associated rapid landslide erosion together with fluvial erosion during inter-seismic intervals may have played an important role in shaping the present landscape of the Longmen Shan.
C1 [Liu, Feng; Li, Jianfeng] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Shunhu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Liu, F (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM casinsar@gmail.com
TC 18
Z9 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD APR
PY 2015
VL 76
IS 3
BP 1911
EP 1926
DI 10.1007/s11069-014-1575-8
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000350663100023
ER

PT J
AU Huo, JK
   Wei, ZL
   Wang, XJ
   Yang, J
AF Huo, Jing-kan
   Wei, Zhen-lei
   Wang, Xiao-jian
   Yang, Jie
TI Statistical analysis of the relationship between catchment morphometric
   parameters and debris-flow-triggering rainfall intensity
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Rainfall conditions; Morphometric parameters; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID SOUTHERN ALPS; THRESHOLDS; EARTHQUAKE; AREA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INITIATION;
   RUNOFF; HAZARD; VOLUME; FANS
AB The morphometric characteristics of a watershed play a crucial role in debris-flow initiation and provide key insights into the required triggering rainfall intensity. Despite this significance, limited research has examined how these topographic attributes influence rainfall thresholds. Focusing on the Wenchuan earthquake zone, this study employs statistical methods to analyze the relationship between watershed morphometry-including area, relief, relief ratio, channel gradient, and Melton index-and debris-flow triggering rainfall intensity. Results reveal that susceptible basins in this region exhibit greater areal extent and longitudinal dimensions compared to global counterparts, yet display lower Melton indices and gentler channel slopes. These findings imply that seismic activity modified debris-flow initiation conditions, as abundant loose material now requires reduced gravitational potential for mobilization. Watershed shape characteristics (catchment area) demonstrate a weak Gaussian correlation with triggering rainfall intensity, whereas slope-related features (channel gradient and Melton index) exhibit an inverse logarithmic relationship. Of all parameters analyzed, channel gradient and Melton index show the strongest association with triggering rainfall intensity. This research advances our comprehension of debris-flow triggering rainfall intensity and supports more accurate susceptibility evaluations in earthquake-affected regions.
C1 [Huo, Jing-kan; Wei, Zhen-lei; Wang, Xiao-jian; Yang, Jie] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Wei, ZL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM weizhenlei@cdut.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD AUG
PY 2025
VL 121
IS 14
BP 16407
EP 16430
DI 10.1007/s11069-025-07434-6
EA JUN 2025
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001504307300001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XZ
   Cui, P
   You, Y
   Liu, JF
AF Chen, Xingzhang
   Cui, Peng
   You, Yong
   Liu, Jinfeng
TI Post-earthquake changes and prediction of debris flow scales in Subao
   River Valley, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flow; Peak discharge; Blocking coefficient;
   Subao River
AB Subao River lies along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault in Beichuan County, which has been heavily impacted by the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 and has become sources of many geo-hazards. On 24 September 2008, a rainstorm triggered a large debris flow in the catchment, causing several deaths and significant damages. A case study on changes of the debris flow was conducted in the river. The peak discharges were calculated in the Guanmenzi, Huangnidi, and Daanshan gullies. Results indicated that the peak discharges corresponded to various return periods in different gullies: 200 years in Daanshan, 100 years in Huangnidi, and 50 years in Guanmenzi. However, the triggering precipitation in these three gullies was only of a 20-year return period. The debris flows had undergone significant changes. Analysis indicated that the changes should be ascribed to the flow characteristics, initiation conditions, and the channel blockage impacted by the rapid accumulation of loose material. Channel blockage was the principal factor increasing the scale of the debris flow. The values on the blocking coefficient were presented based on density, height, and other characteristics of dams. Finally, all of the peak debris flow discharges of the Subao River Valley for a 20-year return period were calculated using the recommended blocking coefficient values.
C1 [Chen, Xingzhang] SW Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resource, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng; You, Yong; Liu, Jinfeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University of Science & Technology - China; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Chen, XZ (corresponding author), SW Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resource, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM chenxingzhang@126.com
TC 12
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 65
IS 4
SI SI
BP 995
EP 1003
DI 10.1007/s12665-011-0949-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000299840100005
ER

PT J
AU Chen, HX
   Li, J
   Feng, SJ
   Gao, HY
   Zhang, DM
AF Chen, Hong-Xin
   Li, Jin
   Feng, Shi-Jin
   Gao, Hong-Yu
   Zhang, Dong-Mei
TI Simulation of interactions between debris flow and check dams on
   three-dimensional terrain
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Check dam; Destruction; Fluid-structure interaction; Stava
   tailings dam
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RUN-OUT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; IMPACT BEHAVIOR; SPH
   MODEL; LANDSLIDE; DESIGN; MECHANISMS; MITIGATION; MOBILITY
AB Debris flows are rapid gravity-driven flows of sediment-water mixture, which can be greatly destructive due to its huge volume, high velocity and large impact force. Check dam is essential protective structure for controlling debris flow. However, it is a challenging work to access the interactions between debris flow and check darn, especially when involving complex topography and dam destruction. A numerical method was developed in this study to investigate the interactions between debris flow and check dam on three-dimensional terrain. The debris flow and check dam were simulated by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method and Finite Element Method (FEM), respectively. The method was validated by a darn break problem and a granular flow flume test. An actual debris flow event originated from failure of tailings dams on 19 July 1985 in Stava, Italy was simulated as an example. The results indicate that the proposed method is a practical tool to simulate the runout characteristics of debris flow (e.g., flow velocity, flow depth, impact area) and interactions between debris flow and check dam (e.g., impact force, destruction of check dam, interception by check dam). Given similar total dam volume, increasing the number of dams will improve the hazard mitigation effect. Moreover, it is recommended to construct dams in downstream area with straight channel. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the flow-structure interaction and is helpful for rational design of check dams.
C1 [Chen, Hong-Xin; Li, Jin; Feng, Shi-Jin; Gao, Hong-Yu; Zhang, Dong-Mei] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University
RP Feng, SJ (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM chenhongxin@tongji.edu.cn; 1150102@tongji.edu.cn; fsjgly@tongji.edu.cn;
   1630533@tongji.edu.cn; dmzhang@tongji.edu.cn
TC 79
Z9 88
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAR 9
PY 2019
VL 251
BP 48
EP 62
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.02.001
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000464480600005
ER

PT J
AU Jin, W
   Zhang, GT
   Ding, Y
   Liu, NJ
   Huo, XW
AF Jin, Wen
   Zhang, Guotao
   Ding, Yi
   Liu, Nanjiang
   Huo, Xiaowei
TI Identifying the Characteristics and Implications of Post-Earthquake
   Debris Flow Events Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE multi-source remote sensing images; loose materials; post-earthquake
   debris flow; channel evolution; accumulation fan
ID GRAVEL-BED RIVER; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES; VEGETATION;
   THRESHOLD; EVOLUTION; IMPACT
AB Strong earthquakes often bring amounts of loose material, disrupting the balance of material transportation within a watershed and severely impacting the restoration of the ecological environment and human safety downstream. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the frequency and scale of these debris flow events, as well as to explore their long-term development and impact on internal and external channels. Using multi-source remote sensing images from four perspectives, hillslope, channel, accumulation fan, and their relationship with the mainstream, we reconstructed a debris flow event dataset from 2008 to 2020, explored a method for identifying these events, and analyzed their impacts on channels and accumulation fans in Mozi Gully affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. Loose matter was predominantly found in areas proximate to the channel and at lower elevations during debris flow events. Alterations in channel width, accumulation fans downstream, and their potential to obstruct rivers proved to be vital for identifying the large scale of debris flow event. Finally, we encapsulated the evolution patterns and constraints of post-earthquake debris flows. Determination in frequency and scale could offer valuable supplementary data for scenario hypothesis parameters in post-earthquake disaster engineering prevention and control.
C1 [Jin, Wen; Ding, Yi; Liu, Nanjiang] Natl Disaster Reduct Ctr China, Minist Emergency Management, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Guotao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Huo, Xiaowei] Xian Zhongdi Environm Sci & Technol Co Ltd, Xian 710000, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS
RP Zhang, GT (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM jinwen1313@163.com; zhangguotao@igsnrr.ac.cn; dingyibeijing@126.com;
   insoliu@163.com; showayhuoxiaowei@163.com
TC 1
Z9 2
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD SEP
PY 2024
VL 16
IS 17
AR 3336
DI 10.3390/rs16173336
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001311774900001
ER

PT J
AU Su, LJ
   Xu, XQ
   Geng, XY
   Liang, SQ
AF Su, Li-jun
   Xu, Xing-qian
   Geng, Xue-yu
   Liang, Shuang-qing
TI An integrated geophysical approach for investigating hydro-geological
   characteristics of a debris landslide in the Wenchuan earthquake area
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Hydro-geology; Pipe-network seepage system; Debris landslides;
   Geophysical investigation; Wenchuan earthquake
ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; MULTICHANNEL ANALYSIS; FRENCH ALPS; SWISS
   ALPS; SURFACE; SLOPE; RESISTIVITY; FRANCE; CHINA; MODEL
AB Debris landslides are one of the most widely distributed types of landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The hydro-geological structure characteristics are the fundamental basis for stability evaluation, performing protection and administration of a landslide. The rock and soil mass of a debris landslide was highly non-uniform and preferential seepage paths were normally developed in it. Therefore, in situ identification of the underground water seepage system became particularly important. Recently, investigations on the seepage paths of underground water in debris landslides were restricted to indoor model testing and site observation, which were far from meeting the actual demand for landslide prevention and mitigation. To locate the seepage paths, we conducted survey work on a debris landslide seated in the Xishan Village, Li County, Sichuan Province, China, by combing four different geophysical methods. They were multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and microtremor survey method (MSM). The geophysical interpretation was verified with field engineering surveys and monitoring data. The results suggested that a dendritic pipe-network seepage system usually developed in debris landslides. Varisized infiltration pipes showed the characteristics of inhomogeneity and concentration of the seepage. This work highlighted that geophysical parameters (shear wave velocity Vs, dielectric constant epsilon and resistivity value rho) could provide reliable qualitative and quantitative information about the colluvial layer, bedrock interface, potential sliding surface and underground water seepage system of a landslide. The optimum combination of geophysical methods was suitable to survey the hydro-geological characteristics of debris landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake area. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Su, Li-jun; Xu, Xing-qian; Liang, Shuang-qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Li-jun] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Xing-qian] Yunnan Agr Univ, Coll Water Conservancy, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Li-jun; Xu, Xing-qian; Liang, Shuang-qing] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Geng, Xue-yu] Univ Warwick, Sch Engn, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
   [Geng, Xue-yu] Qingdao Technol Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan
   Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth
   Sciences (CETES), CAS; Yunnan Agricultural University; Chinese Academy
   of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University
   of Warwick; Qingdao University of Technology
RP Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM sulijun1976@163.com
TC 69
Z9 82
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAR 9
PY 2017
VL 219
SI SI
BP 52
EP 63
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.11.020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000397683200005
ER

PT J
AU Wang, XM
   Mao, H
AF Wang, Xianmin
   Mao, Hang
TI Spatio-temporal evolution of post-seismic landslides and debris flows:
   2017 Ms 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Landslide evolution; Debris flow evolution; Earthquake; Jiuzhaigou;
   Geological environment
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; TRIGGERED
   LANDSLIDES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; SEISMOGENIC
   STRUCTURE; COSEISMIC LANDSLIDES; VEGETATION RECOVERY; SICHUAN PROVINCE;
   AUGUST 8
AB Spatio-temporal evolution of post-seismic landslides and debris flows provides a new perspective to understand post-earthquake evolution of geological environments and landscapes, and to instruct cascaded catastrophic hazard mitigation and post-disaster reconstruction. However, limited earthquake events have been investigated for post-earthquake geohazard evolution. This work reports the geohazard evolution after the 2017 M-s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake considering the effects of the earthquake, geology, terrain, meteorology, hydrology, and human engineering activity. Some new viewpoints are suggested. (1) Landslide and debris flow activity intensified in the first year following the earthquake under the effects of the antecedent earthquake, precipitation, fault tectonics, human engineering activity, and fluvial networks. (2) Landslide and debris flow activity declined rapidly in the second year as a result of dramatically reduced sediments, declined rainfall, and self-healed slopes. (3) The significant decay of landslide and debris flow activity and the prominent reduction of loose deposits indicate that the geological environment was gradually restoring. (4) Although the hazard effect mitigation and geological environment restoration were ongoing (in the absence of rainstorm events) to attain a new balance, the geoenvironment has not returned to the pre-earthquake level because of widespread unrecovered geohazards and the remaining loose deposits on hillslopes or in channels. (5) The geological environment after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake may re-equilibrate and return to the pre-earthquake level more quickly than after the Kashmir, Chi-Chi, Gorkha, Wenchuan, and Murchison earthquakes. This work provides new knowledge pertaining to geohazard evolution after a strong earthquake and to profound impacts of a catastrophic earthquake on geological environment and landscape.
C1 [Wang, Xianmin; Mao, Hang] China Univ Geosci, Inst Geophys & Geomat, Hubei Subsurface Multiscale Imaging Key Lab, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences
RP Wang, XM (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Inst Geophys & Geomat, Hubei Subsurface Multiscale Imaging Key Lab, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
EM xianminwang@163.com
TC 23
Z9 25
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0944-1344
EI 1614-7499
PD MAR
PY 2022
VL 29
IS 11
BP 15681
EP 15702
DI 10.1007/s11356-021-16789-9
EA OCT 2021
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000706053800021
ER

PT J
AU Chen, ZC
   Zhang, B
   Han, YS
   Zuo, ZL
   Zhang, XY
AF Chen, Zhengchao
   Zhang, Bing
   Han, Yongshun
   Zuo, Zhengli
   Zhang, Xiaoyong
TI Modeling Accumulated Volume of Landslides Using Remote Sensing and DTM
   Data
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslide; volume calculation; mass balance; remote sensing; digital
   terrain model (DTM); Wenchuan
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; DEBRIS FLOW; RAINFALL
AB Landslides, like other natural hazards, such as avalanches, floods, and debris flows, may result in a lot of property damage and human casualties. The volume of landslide deposits is a key parameter for landslide studies and disaster relief. Using remote sensing and digital terrain model (DTM) data, this paper analyzes errors that can occur in calculating landslide volumes using conventional models. To improve existing models, the mechanisms and laws governing the material deposited by landslides are studied and then the mass balance principle and mass balance line are defined. Based on these ideas, a novel and improved model (Mass Balance Model, MBM) is proposed. By using a parameter called the. height adaptor., MBM translates the volume calculation into an automatic search for the mass balance line within the scope of the landslide. Due to the use of mass balance constraints and the height adaptor, MBM is much more effective and reliable. A test of MBM was carried out for the case of a typical landslide, triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May 2008.
C1 [Chen, Zhengchao; Zhang, Bing; Zuo, Zhengli] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Han, Yongshun] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Hunan Prov Engn Lab Geospatial Informat, Xiangtan 411201, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Xiaoyong] China Earthquake Adm, Natl Earthquake Response Support Serv, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; Hunan University of Science & Technology; China Earthquake
   Administration
RP Zhang, B (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
EM zcchen@ceode.ac.cn; zb@ceode.ac.cn; yongshunhan@126.com;
   zlzuo@ceode.ac.cn; zhangxy@lreis.ac.cn
TC 34
Z9 41
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD FEB
PY 2014
VL 6
IS 2
BP 1514
EP 1537
DI 10.3390/rs6021514
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000336092100029
ER

PT J
AU Huang, XR
   Song, DQ
   Chen, Z
   Xu, DK
   Wang, L
AF Huang, Xiangrui
   Song, Danqing
   Chen, Zhuo
   Xu, Dakai
   Wang, Liang
TI Dynamic process analysis of large-scale landslides triggered by the
   Wenchuan earthquake via the discrete element method
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Large-scale landslides; Dynamic process analysis;
   Two-dimensional discrete element; MatDEM
ID SICHUAN
AB This study utilized the discrete element method to simulate the dynamic processes of earthquake-induced landslides, aiming to explore the instability mechanisms, energy transformation, and movement characteristics of such landslides. By constructing a two-dimensional landslide model, typical landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake were simulated, leading to the following key conclusions: (1) The landslide instability process can be divided into three consecutive stages: disintegration of slope materials (bond breakage), initiation and propagation of the slip surface from top to bottom, and coherent downslope movement of slope materials, followed by reorganization into a stable postfailure state. (2) Energy transformation and dissipation are critical factors in landslide dynamics, with frictional heat being the primary source of energy dissipation during the landslide process. (3) The evolution of kinetic energy over time shows initial stability, a gradual increase as the sliding mass moves downwards, and an eventual reduction to zero as the landslide ceases. The increase in heat corresponds to a decrease in kinetic energy, reflecting the mechanisms of energy transformation and dissipation during the landslide process. The results of this study demonstrate that the discrete element method has significant advantages in simulating complex geological phenomena, providing important insights for landslide prediction and disaster mitigation in earthquake-prone areas.
C1 [Huang, Xiangrui; Chen, Zhuo; Xu, Dakai; Wang, Liang] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Xiangrui; Chen, Zhuo; Xu, Dakai; Wang, Liang] Sichuan Agr Univ, Sichuan Higher Educ Engn Res Ctr Disaster Prevent, Dujiangyan 611830, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Danqing] South China Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Transportat, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Danqing] South China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Subtrop Bldg Sci, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan Agricultural University; Sichuan Agricultural University; South
   China University of Technology; South China University of Technology
RP Chen, Z (corresponding author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Chen, Z (corresponding author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Sichuan Higher Educ Engn Res Ctr Disaster Prevent, Dujiangyan 611830, Peoples R China.
EM 13882535009@163.com
TC 2
Z9 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD APR
PY 2025
VL 121
IS 6
BP 7683
EP 7706
DI 10.1007/s11069-025-07114-5
EA JAN 2025
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001392636000001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XQ
   Cui, P
   Li, Y
   Zhao, WY
AF Chen, Xiao Qing
   Cui, Peng
   Li, Yong
   Zhao, Wan Yu
TI Emergency response to the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake resulting
   from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslide-dammed lake; Emergency response;
   Mitigation; Artificially controlled failure
ID FLOOD; DAMS
AB Natural landslide dams triggered by earthquakes are a common feature and a significant hazard in high-relief, tectonically active areas. The great Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12, 2008 created 256 natural dams, of which 34 presented significant risks to downstream areas in the event of their uncontrolled failure. Out of the 34 large landslide dams that warranted mitigation, we discuss Tangjiashan landslide dam in detail. Emergency response to the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake in the following weeks and months successfully reduced the risk, and the advantages and disadvantages of various countermeasures that were applied are summarized here. Successful strategies relied on accurate scientific assessments, on timely execution of the countermeasures, and on the correct design of sluiceway (spillway) channels across the landslide dams. Retrospective assessment indicates that the following improvements would be more beneficial: (1) Sluiceway channels utilizing a combination of cross-section types, rather than simply trapezoidal in shape; (2) increased channel slope, which is more than the original gradient of the river; (3) better protection of inlets and outlets to control the planned incision rates; and (4) channels lined to better control the incision rate. We discuss applications of the concept of artificially controlled failure, and we submit these observations for the benefit of those responding to future seismic catastrophes.
C1 [Chen, Xiao Qing; Cui, Peng; Li, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xiao Qing; Cui, Peng; Li, Yong; Zhao, Wan Yu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Chen, XQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM xqchen@imde.ac.cn
TC 34
Z9 36
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAR
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 1
BP 91
EP 98
DI 10.1007/s10346-010-0236-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000288178200007
ER

PT J
AU Gan, FL
   He, BH
   Wang, T
AF Gan, Fengling
   He, Binghui
   Wang, Tao
TI Water and soil loss from landslide deposits as a function of gravel
   content in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, revealed by artificial
   rainfall simulations
SO PLOS ONE
DT Article
ID ROCK FRAGMENT COVER; SEDIMENT YIELD; CULTIVATED SOILS; RUNOFF; EROSION;
   INFILTRATION; VEGETATION; IMPACT
AB A large number of landslides were triggered by the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake which occurred on 12th May 2008. Landslides impacted extensive areas along the Mingjiang River and its tributaries. In the landslide deposits, soil and gravel fragments generally co-exist and their proportions may influence the hydrological and erosion processes on the steep slopes of the deposit surface. Understanding the effects of the mixtures of soil and gravels in landslide deposits on erosion processes is relevant for ecological reconstruction and water and soil conservation in Wenchuan earthquake area. Based on field surveys, indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiments with three rainfall intensities (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm.min(-1)) and three proportions of gravel (50%, 66.7% and 80%) were conducted to measure how the proportion of gravel affected soil erosion and sediment yield in landslide sediments and deposits. Where the proportion of gravel was 80%, no surface runoff was produced during the 90 minute experiment under all rainfall intensities. For the 66.7% proportion, no runoff was generated at the lowest rainfall intensity (1.0 mm.min(-1)). As a result of these interactions, the average sediment yield ranked as 50> 66.6> 80% with different proportions of gravel. In addition, there was a positive correlation between runoff generation and sediment yield, and the sediment yield lagging the runoff generation. Together, the results demonstrate an important role of gravel in moderating the mobilization of landslide sediment produced by large earthquakes, and could lay the foundation for erosion models which provide scientific guidance for the control of landslide sediment in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, China.
C1 [Gan, Fengling; He, Binghui] Southwest Univ, Key Lab Ecoenvironm Three Gorges Reg, Coll Resources & Environm, Minist Educ, Chongqing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Tao] Cent Southern China Elect Power Design Inst Ltd L, China Power Engn Consulting Grp, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University - China
RP He, BH (corresponding author), Southwest Univ, Key Lab Ecoenvironm Three Gorges Reg, Coll Resources & Environm, Minist Educ, Chongqing, Peoples R China.
EM hebinghui@swu.edu.cn
TC 11
Z9 12
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
PD MAY 3
PY 2018
VL 13
IS 5
AR e0196657
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0196657
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000431305100047
ER

PT J
AU Li, WL
   Huang, RQ
   Xu, Q
   Tang, C
AF Li Wei-le
   Huang Run-qiu
   Xu Qiang
   Tang Chuan
TI Rapid susceptibility mapping of co-seismic landslides triggered by the
   2013 Lushan Earthquake using the regression model developed for the 2008
   Wenchuan Earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Lushan earthquake; Landslide; Susceptibility mapping; Logistical
   regression
ID SPATIAL PREDICTION MODELS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; GIS; HAZARDS
AB The primary objective of landslide susceptibility mapping is the prediction of potential landslides in landslide-prone areas. The predictive power of a landslide susceptibility mapping model could be tested in an adjacent area of similar geoenvironmental conditions to find out the reliability. Both the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2013 Lushan Earthquake occurred in the Longmen Mountain seismic zone, with similar topographical and geological conditions. The two earthquakes are both featured by thrust fault and similar seismic mechanism. This paper adopted the susceptibility mapping model of co-seismic landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake to predict the spatial distribution of landslides induced by Lushan earthquake. Six influencing parameters were taken into consideration: distance from the seismic fault, slope gradient, lithology, distance from drainage, elevation and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). The preliminary results suggested that the zones with high susceptibility of coseismic landslides were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of Lushan, Baoxing and Tianquan counties. The co-seismic landslide susceptibility map was completed in two days after the quake and sent to the field investigators to provide guidance for rescue and relief work. The predictive power of the susceptibility map was validated by ROC curve analysis method using 2037 co-seismic landslides in the epicenter area. The AUC value of 0.710 indicated that the susceptibility model derived from Wenchuan Earthquake landslides showed good accuracy in predicting the landslides triggered by Lushan earthquake.
C1 [Li Wei-le; Huang Run-qiu; Xu Qiang; Tang Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Li, WL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM whylwl01@163.com
TC 22
Z9 23
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD OCT
PY 2013
VL 10
IS 5
BP 699
EP 715
DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2786-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000325070700001
ER

PT J
AU Huang, RQ
   Xu, QA
   Huo, JJ
AF Huang Runqiu
   Xu Qiang
   Huo Junjie
TI Mechanism and geo-mechanics models of landslides triggered by 5.12
   Wenchuan Earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslide; Rockfall; Geo-mechanics model
ID CHINA
AB Due to the extremely high magnitude, long duration, and the complicated geo-environment in the disaster area, the great 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake not only produced a huge number of landslides and rockfalls, but also involved complicated dynamic processes. These processes are quite different from the characteristics of landslides and rockfalls under general gravitational force, and presently human knowledge is very poor in this field. In order to describe the special dynamic processes, some terms such as shattering-cracking, shattering-sliding, shattering-falls and ejection are defined in this paper. Combined with slope structures, a mechanism classification system of strong earthquake-triggered landslide and rockfall is suggested, which is divided into 5 categories and 14 types. This paper also analyzes the basic characteristics, dynamic processes and geo-mechanics conceptual models of some typologies, especial the type of shattering-sliding for most large-scales landsides. This paper initially reveals the formation mechanism, geo-mechanics models and dynamic features of landslides and rockfalls triggered by the great Wenchuan Earthquake.
C1 [Huang Runqiu; Xu Qiang; Huo Junjie] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Huang, RQ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM hrq@cdut.edu.cn
TC 57
Z9 62
PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 2
BP 200
EP 210
DI 10.1007/s11629-011-2104-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000289004600011
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Dai, FC
   Xu, XW
   Lee, YH
AF Xu, Chong
   Dai, Fuchu
   Xu, Xiwei
   Lee, Yuan Hsi
TI GIS-based support vector machine modeling of earthquake-triggered
   landslide susceptibility in the Jianjiang River watershed, China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslides; SVM; GIS; Landslide susceptibility
   mapping
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD EVALUATION; PREDICTION
AB Support vector machine (SVM) modeling is based on statistical learning theory. It involves a training phase with associated input and target output values. In recent years, the method has become increasingly popular. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the mapping power of SVM modeling in earthquake triggered landslide-susceptibility mapping for a section of the Jianjiang River watershed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The river was affected by the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. Visual interpretation of colored aerial photographs of 1-m resolution and extensive field surveys provided a detailed landslide inventory map containing 3147 landslides related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, distance from seismogenic faults, distance from drainages, and lithology were used as the controlling parameters. For modeling, three groups of positive and negative training samples were used in concert with four different kernel functions. Positive training samples include the centroids of 500 large landslides, those of all 3147 landslides, and 5000 randomly selected points in landslide polygons. Negative training samples include 500, 3147, and 5000 randomly selected points on slopes that remained stable during the Wenchuan earthquake. The four kernel functions are linear, polynomial, radial basis, and sigmoid. In total, 12 cases of landslide susceptibility were mapped. Comparative analyses of landslide-susceptibility probability and area relation curves show that both the polynomial and radial basis functions suitably classified the input data as either landslide positive or negative though the radial basis function was more successful. The 12 generated landslide-susceptibility maps were compared with known landslide centroid locations and landslide polygons to verify the success rate and predictive accuracy of each model. The 12 results were further validated using area-under-curve analysis. Group 3 with 5000 randomly selected points on the landslide polygons, and 5000 randomly selected points along stable slopes gave the best results with a success rate of 79.20% and predictive accuracy of 79.13% under the radial basis function. Of all the results, the sigmoid kernel function was the least skillful when used in concert with the centroid data of all 3147 landslides as positive training samples, and the negative training samples of 3147 randomly selected points in regions of stable slope (success rate = 54.95%; predictive accuracy = 61.85%). This paper also provides suggestions and reference data for selecting appropriate training samples and kernel function types for earthquake triggered landslide-susceptibility mapping using SVM modeling. Predictive landslide-susceptibility maps could be useful in hazard mitigation by helping planners understand the probability of landslides in different regions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong; Dai, Fuchu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Lee, Yuan Hsi] Natl Chung Cheng Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; National
   Chung Cheng University
RP Xu, XW (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xiweixu@vip.sina.com
TC 342
Z9 409
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD APR 1
PY 2012
VL 145
BP 70
EP 80
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.040
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000301475400007
ER

PT J
AU Yunus, AP
   Fan, XM
   Tang, XL
   Jie, D
   Xu, Q
   Huang, RQ
AF Yunus, Ali P.
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Tang, Xiaolu
   Jie, Dou
   Xu, Qiang
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Decadal vegetation succession from MODIS reveals the spatio-temporal
   evolution of post-seismic landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Post-seismic landslides; Vegetation recovery; Landscape evolution;
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID DEBRIS FLOWS; RECOVERY; AREA; HAZARDS; IMPACT; EROSION; TAIWAN; REGION;
   CHINA; INDEX
AB Strong earthquakes, especially in continental mountainous areas, can trigger extensive mass wasting, producing large amounts of debris that accumulates along the hillslopes or in drainage channels. The coseismic deposits and disturbed slopes are prone to be reactivated or remobilized by heavy rainfalls in the subsequent years after the earthquake. Predicting how long post-seismic landslide activity will return to the pre-earthquake level is a key to risk assessment and management. However, this is still poorly understood, and lacks quantitative prediction approach. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered an unprecedented number of landslides, creating an extraordinary natural laboratory to investigate the evolution of post-seismic landslides and their impacts on environment. Using the vegetation recovery rate as an indicator, we present the observational evidence of the post-seismic landslide evolution based on MODIS NDVI time series between 2000 and 2018. Using a simple vegetation recovery rate (VRR) function, we quantify the rate of vegetation regrowth in the Wenchuan earthquake affected area, and discuss the decaying trend of post-seismic landslide activities. Our findings show that 83% of the co-seismic landslides become inactive within a decade. The NDVI trend suggests that landslide activity may return to the pre-earthquake level within 18 years. The sensitivity of vegetation regrowth to post-seismic landsliding thus offers a great potential to improve our understanding of the spatio-temporal evolution of the post-seismic landslide activities.
C1 [Yunus, Ali P.; Fan, Xuanmei; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Xiaolu] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Earth Sci, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Xiaolu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Environm Protect Key Lab Synerget Control &, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Jie, Dou] Nagaoka Univ Technol, Nagaoka, Niigata 9402188, Japan.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Chengdu University of Technology; Nagaoka University of Technology
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 118
Z9 126
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA
SN 0034-4257
EI 1879-0704
PD JAN
PY 2020
VL 236
AR 111476
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111476
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000502894400020
ER

PT J
AU Wang, DP
   Chen, Z
   He, SM
   Liu, Y
   Tang, H
AF Wang, Dongpo
   Chen, Zheng
   He, Siming
   Liu, Yang
   Tang, Hao
TI Measuring and estimating the impact pressure of debris flows on bridge
   piers based on large-scale laboratory experiments
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Bridge pier; Impact pressure; Laboratory experiments
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 13 AUGUST 2010; LANDSLIDE; CLASSIFICATION;
   AVALANCHES
AB After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, mountainous areas in SW China are recognized as a region with highly active and perilous landslides and debris flows. The frequent impacts of debris flow are a major threat to bridge piers located in debris flow gullies. It is an important issue for guaranteeing the safety of railway bridges in areas prone to hazardous debris flows. Previous research has achieved significant results characterizing the initiation and mechanisms for debris flow, and their interactions with some structures. However, there has been little research on the dynamic pressure of debris flow on bridge pier caused by different debris flows. In this study, the measurement and estimation of the impact pressure and dynamic behavior of debris flows on scaled bridge piers were conducted. Nine pressure sensors were used to measure the impact pressure of debris flows. Flow velocities and flow depths were determined at the end of a flume using a high-speed camera. The results show that the impact pressure differed between different types of debris flows. The distribution of impact pressures from high-viscosity debris flows indicated three layers, with different features in individual event. In comparison, a layered structure was not observed in low-viscosity debris flows. Based on dimensional analyses, the impact pressure depended on Froude number (Fr) and Reynolds number (Re). For low-viscosity debris flows, the dimensionless impact pressures were power functions of Fr, while for high-viscosity debris flows, the dimensionless impact pressures were power functions of both Re and Fr. The impact frequencies of low-viscosity and high-viscosity debris flows showed considerable differences based on spectral analysis. Compared to high-viscosity debris flows, low-viscosity debris flows were characterized by relatively high velocity, strong striking pressure, and high impact frequency.
C1 [Wang, Dongpo; Chen, Zheng; He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Dongpo; Liu, Yang; Tang, Hao] State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for
   Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS
RP He, SM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM hsm@imde.ac.cn
TC 69
Z9 82
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUL
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 7
BP 1331
EP 1345
DI 10.1007/s10346-018-0944-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000437140700006
ER

PT J
AU Dai, ZL
   Xu, K
   Jiang, MT
AF Dai, Zili
   Xu, Kai
   Jiang, Mingtao
TI Three-dimensional modeling of the impact behavior of debris flows in
   areas affected by earthquakes
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Impact force; Earthquake areas; Granular flow model test;
   3D modeling
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; VERTICAL COMPONENT;
   LANDSLIDE SICHUAN; GRANULAR FLOW; CHECK DAMS; INITIATION; RUNOUT;
   DISPLACEMENTS; MECHANISMS
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered many landslides and caused high volumes of loose solid material to collect in gully drainage areas; over time, this material eroded and became the source material for multiple debris flows. On August 13, 2010, a heavy rainstorm struck the areas that were impacted by the Wenchuan earthquake. The resulting debris flows caused more than 2000 deaths and destroyed numerous buildings, bridges, and traffic facilities. To mitigate and/or prevent the negative consequences of such disasters in the future, it is important to have reliable and effective methods for predicting the impact behavior of these debris flows. In this study, we investigated the impact behavior of debris flows in post-earthquake areas using a three-dimensional model that is based on the particle flow code PFC3D. We verified our model by simulating a granular flow model test in a laboratory. We quantified the flow process and the impact force of the granular material; by comparing our model data to the test data, we found that the PFC3D model was capable of accurately simulating the dynamic behavior of the granular flows. We then used our model to estimate the propagation processes and the impact forces exerted on check dams by two large debris flows that occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The results agreed with data collected during field surveys, and the PFC3D model can reproduce the dynamic behavior of debris flows in areas that had recently experienced significant seismic activity.
C1 [Dai, Zili; Xu, Kai; Jiang, Mingtao] Shanghai Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China.
C3 Shanghai University
RP Jiang, MT (corresponding author), Shanghai Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China.
EM mtjiang@shu.edu.cn
TC 4
Z9 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JUN
PY 2023
VL 117
IS 2
BP 1767
EP 1791
DI 10.1007/s11069-023-05928-9
EA APR 2023
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000961767300002
ER

PT J
AU Hu, GS
   Huang, H
   Chen, NS
   Somos-Valenzuela, M
   Yang, ZQ
   He, J
AF Hu, Guisheng
   Huang, Hong
   Chen, Ningsheng
   Somos-Valenzuela, Marcelo
   Yang, Zhiquan
   He, Jie
TI Largest scale successful real-time evacuation after the Wenchuan
   earthquake in China: lessons learned from the Zengda gully giant debris
   flow disaster
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Zengda gully debris flow; dynamic characteristics; formation and
   movement process; real-time evacuation; early warning mode
ID VALLEY
AB A catastrophic debris flow occurred in the Zengda gully, a branch of the Dajinchuan River in Zengda town, Jinchuan County, Sichuan Province, China. The successful implementation of a real-time evacuation avoided 820 casualties for people living in 200 settlements. This was the largest-scale successful real-time evacuation for a debris flow disaster after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. In order to better reveal the causes of the successful real-time evacuation process of the giant debris flow disaster, the characteristics, formation and movement process of the debris flow were studied using multi-temporal remote sensing images, field investigation, laboratory analysis, and empirical formula calculations. It was found that the successful real-time evacuation was possible because of a well-executed monitoring system, timely release of early warning information, a highly effective operation disaster prevention system, and decisive and advanced avoidance. It also transferred strategies through in-depth analysis of several important stages in the real-time evacuation process. Finally, an exemplary mode of community-based warning is proposed based on the Zengda gully giant debris flow disaster real-time evacuation. Specifically, the mode was led by government, implemented by local residents and proceeded with the guidance by experts in the field. The experience and effective risk avoidance mode presented in this paper can be shared and employed by other countries or regions at serious risk for debris flow disasters.
C1 [Hu, Guisheng; Huang, Hong; Chen, Ningsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Guisheng; Chen, Ningsheng] Acad Plateau Sci & Sustainabil, Xining, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Hong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Somos-Valenzuela, Marcelo] Univ La Frontera, Fac Agr & Forest Sci, Dept Forest Sci, Temuco, Chile.
   [Somos-Valenzuela, Marcelo] Univ La Frontera, Butamallin Res Ctr Global Change, Temuco, Chile.
   [Yang, Zhiquan] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
   [He, Jie] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Tourism & Urban Rural Planning, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Universidad de La Frontera; Universidad de La
   Frontera; Kunming University of Science & Technology; Chengdu University
   of Technology
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Chen, NS (corresponding author), Acad Plateau Sci & Sustainabil, Xining, Peoples R China.; Yang, ZQ (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
EM chennsh@imde.ac.cn; yzq1983816@kust.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD JAN 1
PY 2022
VL 13
IS 1
BP 19
EP 34
DI 10.1080/19475705.2021.2000045
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000729998300001
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, HJ
   Wang, X
   Yuan, Y
AF Zhou Hong-jian
   Wang Xi
   Yuan Yi
TI Risk assessment of disaster chain: Experience from Wenchuan
   earthquake-induced landslides in China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Disaster chain; Risk assessment; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslide
AB This paper deals with the formative process of the Wenchuan earthquake disaster chain risk. Selected earthquake-landslides chain risk is critically evaluated by the probability of landslide displacement failure based on the Newmark's permanent-deformation model. In this context, a conceptual model of regional disaster chain risk assessment was proposed, in which the hazard-formative environments sensitivity was the core factor as well as the main difference compared with single disaster risk assessment. The disaster chain risk is accumulation of primary disaster risk and the secondary disasters risks. Results derived from the Wenchuan case proved that the conceptual model was suitable for the disaster chain risk assessment, especially the sudden disaster chain. This experience would offer greater potential in application of conceptual model of disaster chain risk assessment, in the process of large-scale disaster risk governance.
C1 [Zhou Hong-jian; Wang Xi; Yuan Yi] Minist Civil Affairs, Natl Disaster Reduct Ctr China, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
RP Zhou, HJ (corresponding author), Minist Civil Affairs, Natl Disaster Reduct Ctr China, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
EM zhouhj_bnu@hotmail.com; wangxi@ndrcc.gov.cn; yuanyi@ndrcc.gov.cn
TC 22
Z9 26
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD SEP
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 5
BP 1169
EP 1180
DI 10.1007/s11629-015-3453-6
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000362582200010
ER

PT J
AU Huang, Y
   Yu, M
   Xu, Q
   Sawada, K
   Moriguchi, S
   Yashima, A
   Liu, CW
   Xue, L
AF Huang, Yu
   Yu, Miao
   Xu, Qiang
   Sawada, Kazuhide
   Moriguchi, Shuji
   Yashima, Atsushi
   Liu, Chengwei
   Xue, Long
TI InSAR-derived digital elevation models for terrain change analysis of
   earthquake-triggered flow-like landslides based on ALOS/PALSAR imagery
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Flow-like landslide; DEM; InSAR; ALOS/PALSAR; Earthquake; Hazard
   assessment
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN; AREA; GPS
AB Earthquakes can directly trigger multiple simultaneous slope failures in mountainous regions. Among these slope failures, flow-like landslides with high velocities and long run-outs can result in damage that is more destructive than other types of landslides. Timely and accurate recognition of the locations and magnitudes of flow-like landslides is essential for post-disaster relief. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors are suitable for deformation monitoring because of their capability to operate at day or night and in all weather conditions. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is an advanced technique that extracts three-dimensional terrain and changes information from the radar images at a regional scale. The focus of this study is the Donghekou landslide-debris flow that was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. ALOS/PALSAR remote satellite images were interpreted by InSAR to generate digital surface elevation models. A comparison of data from a typical InSAR configuration with field survey data proves that the former is an effective method for rapidly detecting flow-like landslides in a mountainous area. The comparison also shows that the accuracy of the results is closely related to the correlation between the satellite radar images used, and further that the study accuracy would improve with the inclusion of better correlation. In this way, representations of pre- and post-landslide terrains could be generated for use in numerical simulations. The InSAR method has particular significance for areas without terrain data prior to slope failure, and can provide basic data for landslide hazard assessments.
C1 [Huang, Yu; Yu, Miao; Liu, Chengwei; Xue, Long] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yu] Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Sawada, Kazuhide; Yashima, Atsushi] Gifu Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Gifu 5011193, Japan.
   [Moriguchi, Shuji] Tohoku Univ, Int Res Inst Disaster Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Gifu University; Tohoku University
RP Huang, Y (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM yhuang@tongji.edu.cn
TC 25
Z9 27
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD JUN
PY 2015
VL 73
IS 11
BP 7661
EP 7668
DI 10.1007/s12665-014-3939-5
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000354712300072
ER

PT J
AU Cui, SH
   Wang, GH
   Pei, XJ
   Huang, RQ
   Kamai, T
AF Cui, Shenghua
   Wang, Gonghui
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Huang, Runqiu
   Kamai, Toshitaka
TI On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide
   triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the
   epicenter area
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Large landslide; Liquefaction; Mobility; Epicenter
   area
ID RING-SHEAR APPARATUS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; SATURATED
   SANDS; DENALI FAULT; DEBRIS FLOW; LIQUEFACTION; ENERGY; TESTS; INTENSITY
AB The Niumiangou landslide (similar to 7.5 x 10(6) m(3)) was the largest that occurred in the town of Yingxiu (the epicentral area) during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. This landslide originated on a steep slope (similar to 30 degrees) that was located directly above the rupture surface of the responsible fault and then traveled similar to 2 km after flowing down the axes of two gently sloping (<12 degrees) valleys. Evidence at the site indicates that the landslide materials were highly fluidized and underwent rapid movement. To examine the initiation and movement mechanisms of this landslide, we performed a detailed field survey, conducted laboratory tests on samples taken from the field, and analyzed the seismic motion. We conclude that the landside materials were displaced due to seismic loading during the earthquake and that liquefaction may have been triggered in saturated layers above the sliding surface with progressive downslope sliding, which resulted in the high mobility of the displaced materials. The liquefaction of colluvial deposits along the travel path due to loading by the sliding mass enhanced the mobility of the displaced mass originating in the source area. Using an energy-based approach, we estimated the dissipated energy in our cyclic loading test and the possible energy dissipated to the soil layer on the slope by the earthquake. We infer that the seismic energy available for the initiation of the slope failure in the source area may have greatly exceeded the amount required for the initiation of the liquefaction failure. The slope instability might have been triggered several seconds after the arrival of seismic motion.
C1 [Cui, Shenghua; Pei, Xiangjun; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Shenghua; Wang, Gonghui; Kamai, Toshitaka] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Kyoto University
RP Cui, SH (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM 506565576@qq.com
TC 37
Z9 41
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 3
BP 805
EP 819
DI 10.1007/s10346-016-0754-y
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000401697900003
ER

PT J
AU Shen, W
   Wang, DP
   He, SM
   Li, TL
AF Shen, Wei
   Wang, Dongpo
   He, Siming
   Li, Tonglu
TI Numerical assessment of the impeding effect of check dams in the
   Hongchun debris flow gully, Sichuan Province, China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Natural hazards; Numerical simulation; Debris flow; Check dams; Bed
   entrainment
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPH MODEL; LANDSLIDE; ENTRAINMENT; PROPAGATION;
   MITIGATION; HAZARD; EVENT
AB To mitigate potential damage from debris flows, numerous check dams have been constructed in thousands of debris flow gullies all over the world. However, the efficiencies of these check dams are largely unknown because they are normally designed based on empirical methods. This paper presents an assessment of the impeding effect of check dams constructed in the Hongchun debris flow gully in Sichuan Province, China by using an improved finite difference model. Compared with other models, the improved model can consider both the impeding effect of check dams and bed entrainment. We analyzed the impeding effect of these check dams on different initial scales of debris flows. The results show that these check dams perform quite well in constraining bed entrainment downstream of the gully. The average velocity, peak discharge, and final scale of a debris flow in the gully can be substantially reduced by constructed check dams. The impeding effect is sufficient when the initial volume of the debris flow is less than 1.5 times that of the catastrophic debris flow event that occurred in this gully on 14 August 2010. This study improves our understanding of the influence of check dams on the dynamic and bed entrainment processes of debris flows. The model adopted in this study can be a robust tool to quantify the efficiencies of existing check dams and provide reasonable guidance in the design of check dams in debris flow gullies.
C1 [Shen, Wei; Wang, Dongpo] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Wei] Univ Bologna, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
   [He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tonglu] Changan Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Xian 710064, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Bologna; Chinese Academy
   of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center
   for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS; Chang'an
   University
RP Wang, DP (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM shenweichd@qq.com; wangdongpo2014@cdut.edu.cn; hsm@imde.ac.cn;
   dcdgx08@chd.edu.cn
TC 13
Z9 15
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD AUG
PY 2020
VL 79
IS 6
BP 2833
EP 2845
DI 10.1007/s10064-020-01755-5
EA FEB 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000516795100001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, L
   Zhang, CM
   Zhou, X
AF Zhao, Liang
   Zhang, Chunmiao
   Zhou, Xia
TI Post-Disaster Recovery Effectiveness: Assessment and Prediction of
   Coordinated Development in the Wenchuan Earthquake-Stricken Areas
SO LAND
DT Article
DE ecological restoration; Wenchuan earthquake; coordinated development;
   assessment and prediction; gray model
AB Post-disaster rapid recovery and reconstruction, along with the evaluation of these efforts, are crucial for affected areas. They not only facilitate the swift repair of vulnerable systems but also reflect whether the recovery work has enhanced regional coordinated development. This is vital for achieving sustainable development post-reconstruction. This study addresses two main questions: (1) How effective were the recovery and reconstruction efforts in Mianyang, Deyang, and Guangyuan post-Wenchuan earthquake from a socio-economic-ecological system perspective? (2) What are the temporal and spatial changes in the Coordinated Development Index (CDI) of key affected counties? By constructing a framework to assess post-disaster coordinated development, this study utilized the entropy weight method and mean-variance method for the comprehensive weighting of evaluation indicators. The gray system prediction model G(1,1) was used to forecast the coordinated development levels of the three cities from 2019 to 2025. The findings reveal the following: (1) From 2005 to 2018, the CDI of Deyang, Guangyuan, and Mianyang showed a significant upward trend. Post-earthquake reconstruction measures like land planning and ecological restoration notably enhanced regional resilience and promoted coordinated development among social, economic, and ecological systems. (2) Despite overall success in reconstruction, disparities in development levels persist among Mianyang, Deyang, and Guangyuan. Predictions suggest that Deyang, Mianyang, and Guangyuan will achieve high-quality coordinated development in the next 5, 2, and 1 years, respectively. (3) Although significant achievements have been made through industrial restructuring, land reuse planning, and ecological restoration, more precise disaster prevention and mitigation strategies are needed to foster coordinated development among social, economic, and ecological systems. In summary, this study evaluates the post-disaster recovery effects in the hardest-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake and forecasts future development, providing a reference for similar post-disaster reconstruction areas in assessing and predicting coordinated development.
C1 [Zhao, Liang; Zhang, Chunmiao; Zhou, Xia] Beijing Univ Civil Engn & Architecture, Sch Urban Econ & Management, Beijing 102616, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture
RP Zhou, X (corresponding author), Beijing Univ Civil Engn & Architecture, Sch Urban Econ & Management, Beijing 102616, Peoples R China.
EM zhouxia@bucea.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-445X
PD FEB 26
PY 2025
VL 14
IS 3
AR 487
DI 10.3390/land14030487
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001453175200001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, NS
   Li, J
   Liu, LH
   Yang, CL
   Liu, M
AF Chen, Ningsheng
   Li, Jun
   Liu, Lihong
   Yang, Chenglin
   Liu, Mei
TI Post-earthquake denudation and its impacts on ancient civilizations in
   the Chengdu Longmenshan region, China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Flash flood; Denudation; Migration; Humid mountainous
   regions
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS FLOWS; SOIL-EROSION; LANDSLIDES;
   MITIGATION; TAIWAN; VOLUME; NEPAL; AREA
AB This study characterizes significant changes in denudation and disasters in mountainous areas induced in the humid Chengdu Longmenshan region by the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008. A study focusing on the Longxi-Baisha River Basin was conducted to investigate the amount of denudation triggered by specific flash flood and debris flow events in 2009-2014. The following results were obtained through a comparison of pre-seismic regional denudation rates and denudation characteristics of other seismically active mountain regions. (1) Regional denudation processes occurred in a wave-like process of initial increase then decline, with a peak exhibiting a hyperbolic attenuation trend. This trend indicates that the denudation rate in the Chengdu Longmenshan region is expected to return to the pre-seismic rate of 0.3 mm a(-1) after 81 years. In 22 years after the earthquake (Year 2030), debris flow disasters are expected to be rare. (2) Disasters increased significantly in the Chengdu Longmenshan region after the Wenchuan earthquake, with an average of 29.5 people missing or dead per year (22 times greater than the pre-earthquake rate) and average economic losses of 192 million Yuan per year (1.6 times greater than the pre-earthquake rate). (3) The denudation process was jointly controlled by the quantities of loose solid material and precipitation after the Wenchuan earthquake. The amount of loose solid material influenced the extent of denudation, while vegetation coverage rates and soil consolidation determined the overall denudation trend in the region, and changes in precipitation led to denudation fluctuations. (4) The results can be used to analyze the relationship between the potential flash flood-debris flow disasters after earthquakes in the ancient Shu kingdom and changes in historical social settlements. The results can also be used to predict denudation processes and disaster risks from earthquakes in humid mountainous regions around the world, such as the southern slope of the Himalayas, Japan and the Taiwan mountains. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, Ningsheng; Liu, Lihong; Liu, Mei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Jun] Sichuan Univ Sci & Engn, Sch Civil Engn, Zigong 643000, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Chenglin] RMIT Univ, Sch Sci Math & Geospatial Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia.
   [Liu, Mei] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Sichuan University of Science & Engineering; Royal
   Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT); Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM chennsh@imde.ac.cn
TC 7
Z9 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD MAY 15
PY 2018
VL 309
BP 51
EP 59
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.02.007
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000430525500005
ER

PT J
AU Chang, M
   Dou, XY
   Luo, CP
   Su, YC
AF Chang, Ming
   Dou, Xiangyang
   Luo, Chaopeng
   Su, Yongchao
TI Multi-scenario simulations for quantitative assessment of debris flow
   chain hazards in southwestern China
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Chain hazard; Multiple scenarios simulation; Blocking
   river; Quantitative assessment
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES; RIVER; PREDICTION; PROVINCE; CHANNEL;
   SICHUAN; FLOODS; AREA; RISK
AB Following the catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, debris flows have repeatedly obstructed rivers across China's southwestern mountainous regions, triggering numerous flood disasters and subsequent cascading effects. Ethnic minority villages in these areas are predominantly situated within alpine canyon zones highly susceptible to seismic activity, rendering them exceptionally vulnerable to flood disaster chains initiated by debris flows. This study focuses on Luobajie Gully in the southwest mountainous region as a case study to elucidate the chain hazard responses associated with debris flows and to highlight the critical importance of such research. Comprehensive field investigations provided essential data-including sediment depth, flow density, and velocity-for numerical simulations aimed at assessing potential hazards. Simulation results demonstrate that only debris flows triggered by a 100-year rainstorm event cause channel blockages in Luobajie Gully, leading to significant rises in river water levels due to dammed floodwaters. The resulting flooding reaches maximum water depths within the inundation zone of the accumulation fan, exerting the most substantial impact on adjacent industrial areas. A quantitative risk assessment of 100-year debris flow events was carried out to evaluate the potential hazards. This study analyzes in detail the movement process and potential hazards of the Luobajie Gully debris flow through detailed remote sensing image analysis, field investigation and numerical simulation, and emphasizes the necessity of taking effective preventive and control measures to reduce the associated risks. Since the Heishui River traverses the Wenchuan earthquake area, there are still several potential debris flow gullies, and potential debris flows may pose a non-negligible threat to the entire earthquake area. The model and theory presented in this paper can be effectively applied to the simulation and early warning of other potential debris flows in the earthquake area under similar circumstances, thus facilitating their wide application in flood risk management.
C1 [Chang, Ming; Dou, Xiangyang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Dou, Xiangyang] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, NL-7522 NH Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Luo, Chaopeng] Guiyang Survey Design & Res Inst Chinese Elect Pow, Guiyang 550081, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Yongchao] China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Yongchao] MNR, Observat & Res Stn Geol Hazard Yunnan Ailao Mt, Xinping 653400, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Twente
RP Dou, XY (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM douxyz1994@gmail.com
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD JUN 1
PY 2025
VL 253
AR 108900
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2025.108900
EA MAR 2025
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:001443998300001
ER

PT J
AU Huang, D
   Meng, QJ
   Song, YX
   Cui, SH
   Cen, DF
AF Huang Da
   Meng Qiu-jie
   Song Yi-xiang
   Cui Sheng-hua
   Cen Duo-feng
TI Dynamic process analysis of the Niumiangou landslide triggered by the
   Wenchuan earthquake using the finite difference method and a modified
   discontinuous deformation analysis
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA);
   Niumiangou landslide; Amplification effects; Displacement-dependent
   friction model
AB The Niumiangou landslide was the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which was significantly affected by the amplification effect of seismic acceleration. The ring-shear experiments indicated that the materials in the source area of the Niumiangou landslide were subjected to friction degradation under a big shear displacement, which may result in rapid movement of the landslide. In order to better understand the landslide movement and study the effect of the friction degradation on movement mechanisms, the dynamic process of Niumiangou landslide was simulated with a new numerical method, which combines the finite difference method (FDM) and the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). First, the FDM was used to study the initiation time, amplification effect and velocity of the landslide. Afterwards, these initiation velocities were applied to the blocks in the DDA model by corresponding coordination in the FDM model. A displacement-dependent friction model of the sliding surface was incorporated into DDA code to further understand the kinetic behavior of the landslide. The results show that the displacement-dependent friction strongly decreases the friction coefficient of sliding surface under a big displacement, which can obviously promote the run-out and velocity of landslide. The model output well matches the topographic map formed by the landslide. This implies that the proposed model can be applied to the simulation of earthquake-induced landslides with amplification effect, and the friction degradation model is important to clarify the movement mechanism of high-speed and long-distance landslides.
C1 [Huang Da; Meng Qiu-jie; Song Yi-xiang; Cen Duo-feng] Hebei Univ Technol, Sch Civil & Transportat Engn, Tianjin 300401, Peoples R China.
   [Cui Sheng-hua] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Hebei University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Song, YX (corresponding author), Hebei Univ Technol, Sch Civil & Transportat Engn, Tianjin 300401, Peoples R China.
EM dahuang@hebut.edu.cn; 201621601006@stu.hebut.edu.cn;
   yixiang-song@hebut.edu.cn; cuishenghua18@cdut.edu.cn;
   duofengcen@hebut.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 13
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 4
BP 1034
EP 1048
DI 10.1007/s11629-020-6188-y
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000639495600015
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZJ
   Wang, LY
   Qiao, JP
   Uchimura, T
   Wang, L
AF Yang, Zongji
   Wang, Liyong
   Qiao, Jianping
   Uchimura, Taro
   Wang, Lin
TI Application and verification of a multivariate real-time early warning
   method for rainfall-induced landslides: implication for evolution of
   landslide-generated debris flows
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Early warning; Multivariate; Rainfall-induced landslide; Debris flows
ID UNSATURATED HYDROMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION
   CONTROL; INTENSITY; SYSTEM; MODELS; SLOPE
AB Rainfall-induced landslides are a frequent and often catastrophic geological disaster, and the development of accurate early warning systems for such events is a primary challenge in the field of risk reduction. Understanding of the physical mechanisms of rainfall-induced landslides is key for early warning and prediction. In this study, a real-time multivariate early warning method based on hydro-mechanical analysis and a long-term sequence of real-time monitoring data was proposed and verified by applying the method to predict successive debris flow events that occurred in 2017 and 2018 in Yindongzi Gully, which is in Wenchuan earthquake region, China. Specifically, long-term sequence slope stability analysis of the in situ datasets for the landslide deposit as a benchmark was conducted, and a multivariate indicator early warning method that included the rainfall intensity-probability (I-P), saturation (S-i), and inclination (I-r) was then proposed. The measurements and analysis in the two early warning scenarios not only verified the reliability and practicality of the multivariate early warning method but also revealed the evolution processes and mechanism of the landslide-generated debris flow in response to rainfall. Thus, these findings provide a new strategy and guideline for accurately producing early warnings of rainfall-induced landslides.
C1 [Yang, Zongji; Wang, Liyong; Qiao, Jianping] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Liyong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Uchimura, Taro] Saitama Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Saitama 3388570, Japan.
   [Wang, Lin] Chuo Kaihatsu Corp, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698612, Japan.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Saitama University
RP Yang, ZJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yzj@imde.ac.cn
TC 40
Z9 41
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD OCT
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 10
BP 2409
EP 2419
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01402-w
EA APR 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000523099300002
ER

PT J
AU He, M
   Sousa, LRE
   Müller, A
   Vargas, E
   Sousa, RL
   Oliveira, CS
   Gong, WL
AF He, Manchao
   Ribeiro e Sousa, L.
   Muller, Andre, Jr.
   Vargas, Euripedes
   Sousa, R. L.
   Oliveira, C. Sousa
   Gong, Weili
TI Numerical and safety considerations about the Daguangbao landslide
   induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Longmenshan fault; Daguangbao landslide; Material
   point method (MPM); Rockwall
ID INTERFEROMETRY; SIMULATIONS; RUPTURE; FLOWS
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake resulted in a large number of fatalities and caused significant economic losses. Thousands of landslides, many of which are very large, were triggered by the earthquake. A majority of catastrophic landslides were distributed along the central Longmenshan fault system, at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Some of the landslides resulted in sudden damming of rivers causing flooding, which in turn induced secondary sliding disasters. Among the most significant landslides, the Daguangbao landslide was the largest in volume with the maximum thickness. For this, a numerical model of the Daguangbao landslide, using the material point method (MPM), was developed to simulate the interaction of the seismic loads imposed on the slope. The numerical results then are compared with the post-earthquake profile. As a consequence of the landslide, a nearly vertical head scarp with a maximum height of about 700 m was generated. This is considered as a high risk situation that requires constant monitoring and evaluation. Finally, we propose a methodology based on Bayesian networks (BNs) to manage the risk associated with the stability of the rockwall at the Daguangbao landslide site. (C) 2019 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [He, Manchao; Ribeiro e Sousa, L.; Gong, Weili] China Univ Min & Technol, SKLGDUE, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Ribeiro e Sousa, L.] Tongji Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
   [Muller, Andre, Jr.; Vargas, Euripedes] Pontifical Catholic Univ Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
   [Sousa, R. L.] Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
   [Oliveira, C. Sousa] Univ Lisbon, Tech Inst, Lisbon, Portugal.
C3 China University of Mining & Technology; Tongji University; Pontificia
   Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; Khalifa University of Science &
   Technology; Universidade de Lisboa
RP Sousa, LRE (corresponding author), China Univ Min & Technol, SKLGDUE, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Sousa, LRE (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
EM sousa-scu@hotmail.com
TC 33
Z9 37
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-7755
EI 2589-0417
PD OCT
PY 2019
VL 11
IS 5
BP 1019
EP 1035
DI 10.1016/j.jrmge.2019.05.004
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000489236600010
ER

PT J
AU Wang, Y
   Song, CZ
   Lin, QG
   Li, J
AF Wang, Ying
   Song, Chongzhen
   Lin, Qigen
   Li, Juan
TI Occurrence probability assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides
   with Newmark displacement values and logistic regression: The Wenchuan
   earthquake, China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Newmark displacement; Logistic regression; Wenchuan earthquake; China
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GIS;
   HAZARD; VALIDATION; CALIFORNIA; MODELS
AB The Newmark displacement model has been used to predict earthquake-triggered landslides. Logistic regression (LR) is also a common landslide hazard assessment method. We combined the Newmark displacement model and LR and applied them to Wenchuan County and Beichuan County in China, which were affected by the M-s. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th, 2008, to develop a mechanism-based landslide occurrence probability model and improve the predictive accuracy. A total of 1904 landslide sites in Wenchuan County and 3800 random non-landslide sites were selected as the training dataset. We applied the Newmark model and obtained the distribution of permanent displacement (D-n) for a 30 x 30 m grid. Four factors (D-n, topographic relief, and distances to drainages and roads) were used as independent variables for LR. Then, a combined model was obtained, with an AUC (area under the curve) value of 0.797 for Wenchuan County. A total of 617 landslide sites and non-landslide sites in Beichuan County were used as a validation dataset with AUC = 0.753. The proposed method may also be applied to earthquake-induced landslides in other regions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Ying; Song, Chongzhen; Lin, Qigen; Li, Juan] Beijing Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ying; Song, Chongzhen; Lin, Qigen] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University
RP Wang, Y (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
TC 63
Z9 73
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD APR 1
PY 2016
VL 258
BP 108
EP 119
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.01.004
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000372386500010
ER

PT J
AU Li, Y
   Yan, ZK
   Zhou, RJ
   Svirchev, L
   Li, HB
   Su, DC
   Yan, L
   Densmore, AL
   Ding, HR
   Chen, H
   Qiao, BC
   Ma, BL
   Yun, K
   Ma, C
   Zhao, GH
AF Li, Y.
   Yan, Z. K.
   Zhou, R. J.
   Svirchev, L.
   Li, H. B.
   Su, D. C.
   Yan, L.
   Densmore, A. L.
   Ding, H. R.
   Chen, H.
   Qiao, B. C.
   Ma, B. L.
   Yun, K.
   Ma, C.
   Zhao, G. H.
TI SURFACE PROCESS AND FLUVIAL LANDFORM RESPONSE TO THE MS 8.0 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE, LONGMEN SHAN, CHINA
SO JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; surface rupture; fluvial landform response;
   slope-break point; diversion point; riverbed profile; landslide; debris
   flow; Longmen Shan; Eastern margin of Tibetan plateau
ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; SICHUAN PROVINCE; EASTERN MARGIN; LANDSLIDES; BELT;
   DEFORMATION; DENUDATION; UPLIFT
AB The MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, in the Longmen Shan mountain range area in China, led to two roughly parallel NE-trending thrust and strike-slip surface ruptures of the Beichuan, Pengguan, and the Xiaoyudong faults. Coseismic deformation changed the topographical gradient and produced massive landslides and debris flows, causing a corresponding response of the fluvial landforms. In this paper, based on data regarding the surface ruptures and changes to the topography and drainage resulting from the earthquake, the influence of the thrusting and strike-slipping on fluvial landforms and drainage are integrated and analyzed. The results are shown for the following five main aspects: (1) the strike-slipping driven by the earthquake caused the formation of new tectonic diversion points of river channels; (2) the thrusting driven by the earthquake caused the formation of new tectonic slope-break points in the river channel; (3) the strikes of the faults activated by the earthquake controlled the river channel direction; (4) the uplifting driven by the earthquake led to changes of riverbed gradient profiles and their base levels; and (5) exceptionally heavy rainfall after the earthquake initiated landslides, debris flows and floods, and will continue to be a hazard for several decades to come.
C1 [Li, Y.; Yan, L.; Ding, H. R.; Chen, H.; Qiao, B. C.; Ma, B. L.; Yun, K.; Ma, C.; Zhao, G. H.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploita, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, R. J.] Earthquake Adm Sichuan Prov, Inst Engn Seismol, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Li, H. B.; Su, D. C.] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
   [Densmore, A. L.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard & Risk Res, Durham, England.
   [Densmore, A. L.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; China Earthquake Administration;
   Sichuan Earthquake Agency, CEA; China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy
   of Geological Sciences; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Durham University; Durham University
RP Yan, ZK (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploita, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM yzk517@163.com
TC 2
Z9 3
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 1793-4311
EI 1793-7116
PD DEC
PY 2013
VL 7
IS 5
AR 1350033
DI 10.1142/S1793431113500334
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering
UT WOS:000335767300004
ER

PT J
AU Li, XP
   He, SM
   Luo, Y
   Wu, Y
AF Li, Xinpo
   He, Siming
   Luo, Yu
   Wu, Yong
TI Simulation of the sliding process of Donghekou landslide triggered by
   the Wenchuan earthquake using a distinct element method
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Rock slopes; Numerical modeling; Particle flow code; Failure behavior
ID SICHUAN PROVINCE; STABILITY; MODEL
AB In the village of Donghekou (in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province, China), a major landslide was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 with more than 10 x 10(6) m(3) of rock displaced. The kinematic behavior of this landslide is simulated using a 2D discrete element model. The numerical model used in this work is composed of discs bonded together. The initial boundary conditions are applied along the ball-wall contacts by using an initial velocity estimated from the strong motion data. The constraints are mainly issued from the final geometry of the landslide including its capacity to dam the river. The modeling thus indicates that a low friction coefficient (about 0.1) is required to account for the actual landslide characteristics. The runout behaviors are analyzed and some useful conclusions are drawn.
C1 [Li, Xinpo; He, Siming; Luo, Yu; Wu, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Xinpo; He, Siming; Luo, Yu; Wu, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP He, SM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, 9 4th Sect, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM lixinpo@imde.ac.cn; hsm112003@yahoo.com.cn; ly@imde.ac.cn;
   wyhongyu@sohu.com
TC 53
Z9 67
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 65
IS 4
SI SI
BP 1049
EP 1054
DI 10.1007/s12665-011-0953-8
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000299840100011
ER

PT J
AU Cui, P
   Hu, KH
   Zhuang, JQ
   Yang, Y
   Zhang, JQ
AF Cui Peng
   Hu Kaiheng
   Zhuang Jianqi
   Yang Yu
   Zhang Jianqiang
TI Prediction of Debris-flow Danger Area by Combining Hydrological and
   Inundation Simulation Methods
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Arc-SCS model; Inundation simulation; Risk analysis;
   Wenchuan earthquake
AB Debris flows have caused serious human casualties and economic losses in the regions strongly affected by the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 2008. Debris flow mitigation and risk assessment is a key issue for reconstruction. The existing methods of inundation simulation are based on historical disasters and have no power of prediction. The rain-flood method can not yield detailed flow hydrograph and does not meet the need of inundation simulation. In this paper, the process of water flow was studied by using the Arc-SCS model combined with hydraulic method, and then the debris flow runoff process was calculated using the empirical formula combining the result from Arc-SCS. The peak discharge and runoff duration served as input of inundation simulation. Then, the dangerous area is predicted using kinematic wave method and Manning equation. Taking the debris flow in Huashiban gully in Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China on 24 Sep. 2008 as example, the peak discharge of water flow and debris flow were calculated as 35.52 m(3).s(-1) and 215.66 m(3).s(-), with error of 4.15% compared to the measured values. The simulated area of debris-flow deposition was 161,500 m(2), vs. the measured area of 144,097 m(2), in error of 81.75%. The simulated maximum depth was 12.3 m, consistent with the real maximum depth between 10 and 15 m according to the field survey. The minor error is mainly due to the flow impact on buildings and variations in cross-section configuration. The present methodology can be applied to predict debris flow magnitude and evaluate its risk in other watersheds inthe earthquake area.
C1 [Cui Peng; Hu Kaiheng; Zhuang Jianqi; Yang Yu; Zhang Jianqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Cui Peng; Hu Kaiheng; Yang Yu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhuang Jianqi; Zhang Jianqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 63
Z9 82
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD FEB
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 1
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1007/s11629-011-2040-8
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000289005000001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, JG
   Chen, XQ
   Zhao, WY
   Yu, XB
   Wang, XJ
AF Chen, Jiangang
   Chen, Xiaoqing
   Zhao, Wanyu
   Yu, Xianbin
   Wang, Xiaojun
TI Experimental study on the characteristics of a debris-flow drainage
   channel with an energy dissipation structure
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Drainage channel; Energy dissipation structures; Geological
   disaster; Mitigation engineering
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GRAIN COMPOSITION; LANDSLIDE;
   ZHOUQU; PROVINCE; MODEL; DOWNSTREAM; INITIATION; FAILURES
AB Experimental tests were conducted on a drainage channel with an energy dissipation structure and four channel slopes. Differences in the drainage channel were observed when the debris flow passed the energy dissipation structure. Additionally, the time-averaged debris-flow depth at the energy dissipation structure section was 1.78 times deeper than those in the upstream and downstream locations of the energy dissipation structure and the locations through the smooth drainage channel. Moreover, the time-averaged velocity downstream of the energy dissipation structure gradually increased with increasing channel slope and gradually decreased with increasing energy dissipation structure length. Changes in the channel slope and energy dissipation structure length produced a minimum time-averaged velocity that was 0.50-0.74 times the maximum time-averaged velocity. Furthermore, the energy dissipation ratios gradually increased with an increasing area of the energy dissipation structure, which increased gradually with increasing channel slope and then decreased slightly. The maximum energy dissipation ratio was obtained at the channel slope i = 25 %, and the minimum and maximum energy dissipation ratios were 3.2 and 69.5 %, respectively.
C1 [Chen, Jiangang; Chen, Xiaoqing; Zhao, Wanyu; Yu, Xianbin; Wang, Xiaojun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, CAS Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, 9,Block 4,Renmin South Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xiaoqing] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan
   Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth
   Sciences (CETES), CAS
RP Chen, XQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, CAS Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, 9,Block 4,Renmin South Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Chen, XQ (corresponding author), CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM xqchen@imde.ac.cn
TC 12
Z9 14
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD FEB
PY 2017
VL 76
IS 1
BP 341
EP 351
DI 10.1007/s10064-016-0860-z
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000394165200027
ER

PT J
AU Ren, ZK
   Zhang, ZQ
   Yin, JH
AF Ren, Zhikun
   Zhang, Zhuqi
   Yin, Jinhui
TI Erosion Associated with Seismically-Induced Landslides in the Middle
   Longmen Shan Region, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; topographic evolution; seismically-induced erosion;
   differential DEM
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; VOLUME; SEDIMENT; INSIGHTS; OBLIQUE; SICHUAN;
   REVERSE; MARGIN; RATES; BELT
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and associated co-seismic landslide was the most recent expression of the rapid deformation and erosion occurring in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The erosion associated with co-seismic landslides balances the long-term tectonic uplift in the topographic evolution of the region; however, the quantitative relationship between earthquakes, uplift, and erosion is still unknown. In order to quantitatively distinguish the seismically-induced erosion in the total erosion, here, we quantify the Wenchuan earthquake-induced erosion using the digital elevation model (DEM) differential method and previously-reported landslide volumes. Our results show that the seismically-induced erosion is comparable with the pre-earthquake short-term erosion. The seismically-induced erosion rate contributes similar to 50% of the total erosion rate, which suggests that the local topographic evolution of the middle Longmen Shan region may be closely related to tectonic events, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. We propose that seismically-induced erosion is a very important component of the total erosion, particularly in active orogenic regions. Our results demonstrate that the remote sensing technique of differential DEM provides a powerful tool for evaluating the volume of co-seismic landslides produced in intermountain regions by strong earthquakes.
C1 [Ren, Zhikun] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Ren, Zhikun; Zhang, Zhuqi; Yin, Jinhui] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Ren, ZK (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Ren, ZK (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM rzk@ies.ac.cn; zzqgeorge@gmail.com; yjhdzs@ies.ac.cn
TC 8
Z9 11
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD AUG
PY 2017
VL 9
IS 8
AR 864
DI 10.3390/rs9080864
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000408605600102
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, JW
   Cui, P
   Hao, MH
AF Zhou, Jia-wen
   Cui, Peng
   Hao, Ming-hui
TI Comprehensive analyses of the initiation and entrainment processes of
   the 2000 Yigong catastrophic landslide in Tibet, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Yigong landslide; Dynamic process; Initiation mechanism; Entrainment;
   Water
ID ROCK AVALANCHE; DEBRIS FLOW; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CASITA-VOLCANO; MODEL;
   NICARAGUA; MOVEMENT; DYNAMICS; MOBILITY; SLIDE
AB The 2000 Yigong landslide was one of the most catastrophic landslides worldwide, resulting in huge casualties and property losses. The dynamic process of the Yigong landslide was very complicated, especially for the initiation and entrainment mechanism during the landslide movement process. The topography, geological condition, traces left by the landslide, and distribution characteristics of the landslide deposits were determined by field investigations, combined with several years of monitoring the temperature and rainfall data in this region. The initiation mechanism of the Yigong landslide is presented. The main reasons for the landslide initiation are as follows: the strength reduction of rock masses (especially for the weak structural surface), the impact from years of freeze-thaw cycles, the superposition of glacier melting and heavy rainfall on the slope, and a slope that was almost at the limit state before the landslide. Laboratory tests and physical modeling experiments were carried out to study the entrainment process of this landslide. Combined with the topographic survey data and theoretical analyses, the entrainment mechanism during the movement process of the Yigong landslide is presented. The old landslide deposits on the lower slope collided with and were scraped by the high-speed debris avalanche, which resulted in the volume amplification of the landslide. The existence of water plays a key role during the landslide initiation and movement processes.
C1 [Zhou, Jia-wen] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Hao, Ming-hui] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Sichuan University
RP Zhou, JW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM jwzhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 185
Z9 215
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 1
BP 39
EP 54
DI 10.1007/s10346-014-0553-2
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000369433900004
ER

PT J
AU Fang, H
   Cui, P
   Pei, LZ
   Zhou, XJ
AF Fang, H.
   Cui, P.
   Pei, L. Z.
   Zhou, X. J.
TI Model testing on rainfall-induced landslide of loose soil in Wenchuan
   earthquake region
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID DEBRIS FLOWS; PRESSURE; LIQUEFACTION
AB This study investigates the formation process of rainfall-induced landslide for slopes composed of loose soil in the Wenchuan earthquake region. Experimental investigations have been performed on the landslide's formation and the variation of the controlling soil parameters under various artificial rainfall conditions. The landslide triggering mechanisms can be described in the following way. Firstly, the large porosity of the loose soil facilitated the infiltration of water, which increased the pore water pressure and reduced the shear strength of the soil significantly. In addition, the rainfalls probably caused the concentration of finer particles at a certain depth of the valley slopes. This concentration within the soil increased the pore water pressure significantly, and consequently reduced both the porosity ratio and permeability. Therefore, when the pore water pressure reached a critical state, the effective shear strength of the soil diminished, inducing the landslide's formation.
C1 [Fang, H.; Cui, P.; Pei, L. Z.; Zhou, X. J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Fang, H.; Pei, L. Z.; Zhou, X. J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Fang, H (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM fanghuihuahust@163.com
TC 28
Z9 33
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 3
BP 527
EP 533
DI 10.5194/nhess-12-527-2012
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000302177600001
ER

PT J
AU Chang, M
   Dou, XY
   Hales, TC
   Yu, B
AF Chang, Ming
   Dou, Xiangyang
   Hales, Tristram C.
   Yu, Bin
TI Patterns of rainfall-threshold for debris-flow occurrence in the
   Wenchuan seismic region, Southwest China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Rainfall patterns; Rainfall intensity; Cumulative rainfall
AB In recent years, debris flows induced by rainstorms have caused severe casualties and property losses in the Wenchuan earthquake region, Southwest China. The different rainfall patterns point to a composite rainfall threshold for the occurrence of debris flows. The rainfall intensity and antecedent rainfall of debris flow events were analyzed after the Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that the rainfall pattern in time can be classified into three types: a short-term rainfall pattern, a medium persistent rainfall pattern, and a long-term intermittent rainfall pattern. The main differences between the three patterns of a single precipitation event are rainfall intensity, duration, and cumulative rainfall, which can result in different infiltration, saturation, and triggering mechanisms of debris flows. The short-term rainfall pattern can be associated with the highest rainfall intensity and the least cumulative rainfall. The medium persistent rainfall pattern is related to intermediate rainfall intensity and the medium cumulative rainfall, and a long-term intermittent rainfall pattern can be related to the lowest rainfall intensity and the longest rainfall duration. At last, this paper sets up the patterns of rainfall-threshold for debris-flow occurrence. According to the critical initiation, conditions of the debris flow in the five watersheds can be predicted by the intensity-duration curve (ID curve) under different rainfall patterns.
C1 [Chang, Ming; Dou, Xiangyang; Yu, Bin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Chang, Ming; Hales, Tristram C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Cardiff University
RP Chang, M (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Chang, M (corresponding author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
EM changmxq@126.com
TC 18
Z9 20
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD MAR
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 3
BP 2117
EP 2130
DI 10.1007/s10064-020-02080-7
EA JAN 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000607771800001
ER

PT J
AU Bai, SB
   Cheng, C
   Wang, J
   Thiebes, B
   Zhang, ZG
AF Bai Shi-biao
   Cheng Chen
   Wang Jian
   Thiebes, Benni
   Zhang Zhi-gang
TI Regional scale rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslide
   susceptibility assessment in Wudu County, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Landslides; Susceptibility assessment; Earthquake; Wudu County; China
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL DATA; HAZARD; SEGMENT;
   MODEL
AB Wudu County in northwestern China frequently experiences large-scale landslide events. High-magnitude earthquakes and heavy rainfall events are the major triggering factors in the region. The aim of this research is to compare and combine landslide susceptibility assessments of rainfall-triggered and earthquake-triggered landslide events in the study area using Geographical Information System (GIS) and a logistic regression model. Two separate susceptibility maps were produced using inventories reflecting single landslide-triggering events, i.e., earthquakes and heavy rain storms. Two groups of landslides were utilized: one group containing all landslides triggered by extreme rainfall events between 1995 and 2003 and the other group containing slope failures caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Subsequently, the individual maps were combined to illustrate the locations of maximum landslide probability. The use of the resulting three landslide susceptibility maps for landslide forecasting, spatial planning and for developing emergency response actions are discussed. The combined susceptibility map illustrates the total landslide susceptibility in the study area.
C1 [Bai Shi-biao; Cheng Chen; Wang Jian; Thiebes, Benni; Zhang Zhi-gang] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Natl Educ Adm, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing Normal University
RP Wang, J (corresponding author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Natl Educ Adm, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM shibiaobai21@163.com; wangjian@njnu.edu.cn
TC 18
Z9 21
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD OCT
PY 2013
VL 10
IS 5
BP 743
EP 753
DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2432-z
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000325070700005
ER

PT J
AU Xu, XQ
   Su, LJ
   Liu, C
AF Xu Xing-qian
   Su Li-jun
   Liu Chao
TI The spatial distribution characteristics of shallow fissures of a
   landslide in the Wenchuan earthquake area
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Shallow fissures; Landslide; Wenchuan earthquake; Geophysical
   prospecting
ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; GEOPHYSICAL METHODS; MULTICHANNEL ANALYSIS;
   SWISS ALPS; SURFACE; FRANCE; SOILS; SLOPE; RESISTIVITY; SECHILIENNE
AB Shallow fissures, being the main infiltration paths of fluid on the surface of a slope, played an important role in the whole process of a landslide. However, the spatial distribution characteristics of fissures in the slope are difficult to be determined. In this study, we attempted to characterize the variation pattern of slope fissures along depth in the Wenchuan earthquake area in Sichuan Province by combining engineering geological investigation, geomorphologic analysis and geophysical investigation. The geophysical methods that were used in this study include Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW), Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). The results suggested that geophysical parameters (shear wave velocity, electromagnetic signals attenuation and resistivity) could provide valuable information for the spatial network of shallow fissures. Through the verification by engineering geological survey and geophysical sensitivity analysis, this work highlighted that MASW was the most appropriate technique to delineate the propagation of shallow fissures in a gravel soil slope.
C1 [Xu Xing-qian; Su Li-jun; Liu Chao] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Xu Xing-qian; Su Li-jun; Liu Chao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Su Li-jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Xu Xing-qian; Liu Chao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in
   Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM xuxingqian_123@163.com; sulijun1976@163.com; xingshi193@163.com
TC 9
Z9 10
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 9
BP 1544
EP 1557
DI 10.1007/s11629-015-3487-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000382748500003
ER

PT J
AU Yuan, RM
   Deng, QH
   Cunningham, D
   Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Chang, CP
AF Yuan, Ren-Mao
   Deng, Qing-Hai
   Cunningham, Dickson
   Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xi-Wei
   Chang, Chung-Pai
TI Density Distribution of Landslides Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan
   Earthquake and their Relationships to Peak Ground Acceleration
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
DT Article
ID SICHUAN PROVINCE; MOTION CHARACTERISTICS; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; COSEISMIC
   SLIP; RUPTURE; HAZARDS; CHINA
AB The distribution of landslides induced by the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake was investigated following the method of Meunier et al. (2007) to examine the relationships to peak ground acceleration (PGA). Results suggest that landslide densities are quantifiably related to PGA. Thresholds of PGA(cr) for landslide failure are 0.21g for average horizontal PGA and 0.12g for average vertical PGA. As with other earthquakes, the distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides can be described by two equations, based on area and source densities, respectively. The similar damping factors of similar to 20 in these two equations suggest that both density distribution patterns of landslides reflect the dissipation of seismic energy. Landslide-derived PGA equations were then produced for the hanging-wall region of the earthquake-affected area. The results indicate that it should be possible to produce an earthquake shake map from the distribution of earthquake-triggered landslides in an area where there are few or no seismic instruments but many landslides.
C1 [Yuan, Ren-Mao; Xu, Chong; Xu, Xi-Wei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Deng, Qing-Hai] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Geol Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China.
   [Cunningham, Dickson] Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Dept Environm Earth Sci, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA.
   [Chang, Chung-Pai] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Shandong
   University of Science & Technology; Connecticut State University System;
   Eastern Connecticut State University; National Central University
RP Yuan, RM (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Huayanli A1, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM yuanrm@gmail.com
TC 63
Z9 69
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0037-1106
EI 1943-3573
PD AUG
PY 2013
VL 103
IS 4
BP 2344
EP 2355
DI 10.1785/0120110233
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000322569200015
ER

PT J
AU Deng, QH
   Xu, LL
   Zhang, LP
   Li, P
   Ding, N
   Chen, Q
AF Deng, Qinghai
   Xu, Lulu
   Zhang, Liping
   Li, Ping
   Ding, Ning
   Chen, Qiao
TI Spatio-temporal distribution evolution and factors controlling
   landslides in Beichua County after Wenchuan earthquake
SO ACTA SCIENTIARUM-TECHNOLOGY
DT Article
DE landslide; restoration level; evolution; Beichuan County; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE; FAULT; SICHUAN; MECHANISMS;
   REVERSE; OBLIQUE; JAPAN
AB The earthquake triggered numerous secondary geological disasters, mainly landslides, which can have considerable impact on the environment as well as people's lives in the affected region. In this research, to obtain clear understanding of the restoration level and the evolution of landslides after an earthquake as massive as the Wenchuan earthquake, Beichuan County of Sichuan Province was considered an example, and the development characteristics and the evolution of post-earthquake landslides in the affected area were studied. Using ALOS, GF-1, and ZY-3 remote sensing images and GIS technology, the development of landslides in Beichuan County over a period of 13 years (2007-2019), comprising the period before and after the Wenchuan earthquake, was analysed. The main inducing factors of landslides before and after the disaster were discussed from many aspects. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the number and the area affected by landslides in Beichuan County drastically increased. Five years after the earthquake, there was rapid recovery in the development of landslides; however, it has not fully returned to the state before the earthquake yet. Many landslides have also occurred in medium- and high-altitude areas and medium- and high-slope areas. However, as time goes on, the high-risk areas of landslides began to migrate slowly to areas with lower altitude and gentle slope. Before the earthquake, river erosion was the main cause of landslides in the study area. After the earthquake, landslides were concentrated in the southeast and central parts of this area-places with strong earthquake intensities-which was attributed to seismogenic faults. With the recovery of landslide development, river erosion became the main contributing factor again. The findings of this research can provide insights to aid disaster prevention in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area and the spatio-temporal evolution of landslide disaster development in earthquake-stricken areas.
C1 [Deng, Qinghai; Xu, Lulu; Zhang, Liping; Li, Ping; Ding, Ning; Chen, Qiao] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Earth Sci & Engn, 579 Qianwangang Rd, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Lulu] Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Geol Safety Coastal Urban Underground Spac, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Lulu] Qingdao Geol & Mineral Geotech Engn Co Ltd, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China.
C3 Shandong University of Science & Technology; Ministry of Natural
   Resources of the People's Republic of China
RP Zhang, LP (corresponding author), Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Earth Sci & Engn, 579 Qianwangang Rd, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China.
EM zhangliping@sdust.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU UNIV ESTADUAL MARINGA, PRO-REITORIA PESQUISA POS-GRADUACAO
PI MARINGA
PA AV. COLOMBO, 5790, DIVISAO DE DIVULGACAO CIENTIFICA, MARINGA, PR
   87020-900, BRAZIL
SN 1806-2563
EI 1807-8664
PD JAN-DEC
PY 2025
VL 47
IS 1
AR e70856
DI 10.4025/actascitechnol.v47i1.70856
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:001511840800004
ER

PT J
AU Liu, M
   Zhang, Y
   Tian, SF
   Chen, NS
   Mahfuzr, R
   Javed, I
AF Liu Mei
   Zhang Yong
   Tian Shu-feng
   Chen Ning-sheng
   Mahfuzr, Rahman
   Javed, Iqbal
TI Effects of loose deposits on debris flow processes in the Aizi Valley,
   southwest China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Aizi Valley; Loose deposits; Debris flow process; Slope debris flow;
   Boulder blockage; Discharge amplification
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE AREA; SICHUAN PROVINCE; LANDSLIDE DAMS; HAZARD
   PREDICTION; YIELD-STRESS; DISCHARGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MECHANISM;
   DROUGHTS; PLATEAU
AB Loose deposits, rainfall and topography are three key factors that triggering debris flows. However, few studies have investigated the effects of loose deposits on the whole debris flow process. On June 28, 2012, a catastrophic debris flow occurred in the Aizi Valley, resulting in 40 deaths. The Aizi Valley is located in the Lower Jinsha River, southwestern Sichuan Province, China. The Aizi Valley debris flow has been selected as a case for addressing loose deposits effects on the whole debris flow process through remote sensing, field investigation and field experiments. Remote sensing interpretation and laboratory experiments were used to obtain the distribution and characteristics of the loose deposits, respectively. A field experiment was conducted to explore the mechanics of slope debris flows, and another field investigation was conducted to obtain the processes of debris flow formation, movement and amplification. The results showed that loose deposits preparation, slope debris flow initiation, gully debris flow confluence and valley debris flow amplification were dominated by the loose deposits. Antecedent droughts and earthquake activities may have increased the potential for loose soil sources in the Aizi Valley, which laid the foundation for debris flow formation. Slope debris flow initiated under rainfall, and the increase in the water content as well as the pore water pressure of the loose deposits were the key factors affecting slope failure. The nine gully debris flows converged in the valley, and the peak discharge was amplified 3.3 times due to a blockage and outburst caused by a large boulder. The results may help in predicting and assessing regional debris flows in dry-hot and seismic-prone areas based on loose deposits, especially considering large boulders.
C1 [Liu Mei; Zhang Yong; Tian Shu-feng; Chen Ning-sheng; Mahfuzr, Rahman; Javed, Iqbal] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Liu Mei; Zhang Yong; Tian Shu-feng] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Mahfuzr, Rahman] Int Univ Business Agr & Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh.
   [Javed, Iqbal] Univ Haripur, Dept Geol, Haripur 22620, Pakistan.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; International University of Business
   Agriculture & Technology (IUBAT)
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM lmeimei90@163.com; zhangyongcas@163.com; 05131895@cumt.edu.cn;
   chennsh@imde.ac.cn; mfz.rahman@iubat.edu; javediqbalgeo@gmail.com
TC 25
Z9 31
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JAN
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 1
BP 156
EP 172
DI 10.1007/s11629-019-5388-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000512076900012
ER

PT J
AU Huang, X
   Tang, CA
AF Huang, Xun
   Tang, Chuan
TI Formation and activation of catastrophic debris flows in Baishui River
   basin, Sichuan Province, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Triggering rainfall; Initiation process; Activity
   characteristics; Yinchanggou area; Wenchuan earthquake
ID RAINFALL INTENSITY; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION CONTROL; EARTHQUAKE
AB During the five rainy seasons following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, at least eight catastrophic events of multiple debris flows occurred in the Yinchanggou area of Baishui River basin, in southwestern China. The deposits had some serious impacts on the transportation, communication, and reconstruction activities. It indicates the start of a period with a high-frequency debris flow activities. In this paper, a detailed review is made of the latest 12 debris flow events, which occurred on 18th August 2012. Field reconnaissance and measurements, supported by a remote sensing interpretation, were conducted to reveal the locations and morphological characteristics of debris flow catchments. A total volume of 50.26 million m(3) co-seismic landslides, triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, served as source materials for these debris flows and/or shallow landslides. Bedrocks, which were on the hanging wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault with a mean slope gradient larger than 30 degrees, were the most susceptible for these seism-triggered failures. The volume of debris flow deposits on individual fans vary by many orders of magnitude from 2,900 to 223,500m(3). The huge amount of reserves of source material compared to debris flow volumes currently deposited and taking into account the relatively low morphology index values form an indication of the early stage in the development of debris flows and the immense potential for debris flow occurrence in the future. There are two patterns of debris flow initiation which can be distinguished in this study: (a) the channel initiation pattern of concentrated overland flow erosion in the channel beds and (b) the slope initiation pattern which shows the development of new landslides and a transition into debris flows during a heavy rainfall. A catastrophic debris flow in the Haihuiqiao watershed of the Yinchanggou area was selected to show in detail the mechanism of debris flow initiation as a result of intensive erosion in loose debris materials. The critical rainfall threshold in terms of daily precipitation decreased by 77% compared to the pre-earthquake threshold. A primary rainfall intensity-duration (ID) threshold curve was constructed for debris flows for an early-warning system and compared with other global rainfall thresholds. The discussion is focused on the initiation mechanisms of debris flows and the assessment of the critical meteorological threshold.
C1 [Huang, Xun; Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, CA (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM huangxun198671@163.com; tangc707@gmail.com
TC 27
Z9 32
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 6
BP 955
EP 967
DI 10.1007/s10346-014-0465-1
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000345324100002
ER

PT J
AU Shi, ZM
   Wang, YQ
   Peng, M
   Chen, JF
   Yuan, J
AF Shi, Zhen-Ming
   Wang, You-Quan
   Peng, Ming
   Chen, Jian-Feng
   Yuan, Ji
TI Characteristics of the landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan
   earthquake and dynamic behavior analysis using large-scale shaking table
   tests
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Shaking table test; Aftershock; Overtopping; Risk
   analysis; Mitigation measures
ID BREAK EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; PART 2 APPLICATION; DECISION-MAKING; HUMAN
   RISKS
AB The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake triggered at least 257 landslide dams. More than 300 aftershocks with the magnitudes higher than Ms 4.0 occurred after the formation of these landslide dams, which might largely influence the structure and soil properties of these dams. This paper aims to comprehensively investigate the characteristics of the landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and study the dynamic behaviors of the landslide dams under aftershocks using large-scale shake table tests. First, the characteristics of the landslide dams, including the distribution, geometric parameters, stability and longevity, mitigation measures and the influence of the aftershocks are proposed. Then, two groups of shaldng table tests to simulate the dynamic behaviors of two types of landslide dams under aftershocks are illustrated: one with quartz sand contained 10% kaolin (Dam I) and the other with quartz sands all (Dam II). Finally, the results of the tests, including the acceleration distribution, dam deformation and dam breaching process, are discussed. Through this study, it is found that the landslide dams caused by high-magnitude earthquakes have distinctive characteristics, which may largely influence the stability, breach process and risks of these dams. In the model tests, the accelerations are generally higher on the surface of the dams, either on the crest or on the both upstream and downstream slopes. The Dam I was prone to settlement and cracking. The aftershocks may not directly trigger the failures of landslide dams, but accelerate the overtopping failures by lowering the dam crest with settlement and cracking. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shi, Zhen-Ming; Wang, You-Quan; Peng, Ming; Chen, Jian-Feng] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 20092, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Zhen-Ming; Wang, You-Quan; Peng, Ming; Chen, Jian-Feng] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 20092, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Zhen-Ming] CICGP, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, You-Quan] Shanghai Geotech Invest & Design Inst Co Ltd, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China.
   [Yuan, Ji] Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Munich, Germany.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Technical University of Munich
RP Shi, ZM (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 20092, Peoples R China.
EM shi_tongji@tongji.edu.cn
TC 49
Z9 58
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG 26
PY 2015
VL 194
SI SI
BP 25
EP 37
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.10.009
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000360416400004
ER

PT J
AU Cui, P
   Zhu, YY
   Han, YS
   Chen, XQ
   Zhuang, JQ
AF Cui, Peng
   Zhu, Ying-yan
   Han, Yong-shun
   Chen, Xiao-qing
   Zhuang, Jian-qi
TI The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: distribution and
   preliminary risk evaluation
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide lake; Flood outburst; Risk evaluation
ID RIVER; DAMS
AB The Wenchuan earthquake, measured at M (s) 8.0 according to the China Earthquake Administration, occurred at 14:28 on 12 May 2008 in the Sichuan Province of China. It brought overwhelming destruction to eight provinces and cities. Landslides and rock avalanches triggered by the earthquake produced 257 landslide lakes which were distributed along the fault rupture zone and river channels. The authors traveled to the disaster zone immediately after the earthquake to examine some of the features of the debris dams and performed a quick evaluation of the potential for outburst of earthquake-induced landslide lakes for the purpose of disaster relief. The preliminary analysis indicated that the landslide lakes could be classified as those exhibiting extremely high risk, medium risk, and low risk according to field observations and remote sensing, to determine material composition, dam structure, dam height, maximum water storage capacity, and size of the population potentially affected area. The failure risk of 21 debris dams were evaluated as follows: one dam with an extremely high danger risk, seven dams with a high danger, five dams with a medium danger, and eight dams of low danger. More concern was given to the Tangjiashan Lake and different scenarios for the potential sudden failure of its dam were assessed. The risk evaluation result was accepted in full, by the earthquake disaster relief office. A successful emergency dam treatment for risk reduction was planned, based on our assessments, and these measures were quickly carried out. According to this research, the earthquake destabilized the surrounding mountains, resulting in a prolonged geohazard for the area. Landslides and debris flows will continue to develop for at least 5 to 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake and will produce additional dammed lakes. Recommendations and plans for earthquake-landslide lake mitigation were proposed, based on past successful practices.
C1 [Cui, Peng; Zhu, Ying-yan; Chen, Xiao-qing; Zhuang, Jian-qi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng; Zhu, Ying-yan; Chen, Xiao-qing; Zhuang, Jian-qi] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Han, Yong-shun] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Xiangtan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan University of
   Science & Technology
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, POB 417, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 317
Z9 383
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 6
IS 3
BP 209
EP 223
DI 10.1007/s10346-009-0160-9
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000269858800004
ER

PT J
AU Wang, GH
   Zhang, FY
   Furuya, G
   Hayashi, K
   Hu, W
   McSaveney, M
   Huang, RQ
AF Wang, Gonghui
   Zhang, Fanyu
   Furuya, Gen
   Hayashi, Koichi
   Hu, Wei
   McSaveney, Mauri
   Huang, Runqiu
TI The debris avalanche in Donghekou area triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan
   (M8.0) earthquake: Features and possible transportation mechanisms
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris avalanche; Internal structure; Landslide
   deposits; Movement mechanism
ID ROCK AVALANCHE; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; FLOW; LANDSLIDES; FLUIDIZATION;
   STURZSTROMS; MOVEMENT; MOBILITY
AB In 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake triggered many large landslides with rapid movement and long runouts, resulting in a great number of casualties. Although there have been many studies of the geographical features and initiation mechanisms of some catastrophic landslides, the movement mechanisms for many remain unclear. In this paper, we present a case study of a large landslide (debris avalanche) triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the Donghekou area, Sichuan Province, China. We made detailed field surveys of the geographical features of the landslide and carried out subsurface investigations of the landslide deposits using microtremor array measurement and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Based on the observed surficial features, shearwave velocity (Vs) profiles and 2D electrical resistivity profiles of the landslide deposits, we estimated the possible thickness of landslide deposits at different locations, and also analyzed the possible landsliding mechanisms. We inferred that this landslide resulted from retrogressive failures on the source area, and the displaced landslide materials underwent transitional spreading with further entrainment of debris along the travel path. Multiple mud waves might have been formed in the substrate soil layers along the travel path due to the entraining of landsliding materials, and the landsliding materials might have presented channelized movements, indicating that different parts may have moved at different speeds. This kind of transportation mechanism may provide information for elevating the numerical simulation of landsliding, and also for reuse of deposit area of large landslides.
C1 [Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji 6110011, Japan.
   [Zhang, Fanyu] Lanzhou Univ, MOE Key Lab Mech Disaster & Environm Western Chin, Dept Geol Engn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Furuya, Gen] Toyama Prefectural Univ, Kurokawa 5180, Imizu, Toyama 9390398, Japan.
   [Hayashi, Koichi] Geometr Ltd, San Francisco, CA USA.
   [Hu, Wei; McSaveney, Mauri; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [McSaveney, Mauri] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
C3 Kyoto University; Lanzhou University; Toyama Prefectural University;
   Chengdu University of Technology; GNS Science - New Zealand
RP Wang, GH (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji 6110011, Japan.
EM wang.gonghui.3r@kyoto-u.ac.jp; Zhangfy@lzu.edu.cn;
   gfuruya@pu-toyama.ac.jp; KHayashi@geometrics.com; M.McSaveney@gns.cri.nz
TC 13
Z9 16
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN
PY 2021
VL 280
AR 105922
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105922
EA FEB 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000615526300012
ER

PT J
AU Tang, C
   Zhu, J
   Qi, X
   Ding, J
AF Tang, Chuan
   Zhu, Jing
   Qi, Xin
   Ding, Jun
TI Landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and the subsequent strong
   rainfall event: A case study in the Beichuan area of China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide; Evolution; Rainstorm; Remote sensing
   imagery
ID TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; NORTHRIDGE;
   IMPACT
AB The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 triggered massive landslides and a subsequent, strong rainfall prompted the development of new landslides as well as the reactivation of some pre-existing landslides. The highest seismic intensity zone of the Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan, China was selected as a case study to analyze the influence of the earthquake and the subsequent, heavy rains on landslide evolution. We selected this study area (414 km(2)) since it was close to the coseismic surface rupture and because it suffered strong ground motion. Based on the interpretation of high-resolution aerial photographs and remote sensing imagery combined with field investigation, 40 pre-earthquake landslides and 2221 coseismic landslides were identified with total landslide areas of 2.68 km(2) and 30.81 km(2), respectively. There were 134 large (over 50,000 m(2)), co-seismic landslides that covered a surface area of 15.54 km(2) and represented approximately 50.4% of the total area of the co-seismic landslides. The coseismic landslides were mainly located on the hanging wall of the causative fault and on the steep, valley sides of the Jian River and its tributaries. A strong rainfall event occurred four months after the Wenchuan earthquake and induced 969 new landslides (which covered a 6.90 km(2) area) and enlarged 169 existing landslides (2.48 km(2)). The landslides were identified in SPOTS images. Ultimately, we found that earthquake tremors and the subsequent rainstorm severely disturbed the surface strata, resulting in a large number of landslides. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tang, Chuan; Zhu, Jing; Qi, Xin; Ding, Jun] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, CA (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent, 1 Erxianqiao E Rd, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM tangc@cdut.edu.cn; zhujing@cdut.edu.cn; 254461828@qq.com
TC 208
Z9 239
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD SEP 12
PY 2011
VL 122
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 22
EP 33
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.03.013
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000295427400003
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   Zhan, WW
   Dong, XJ
   van Westen, C
   Xu, Q
   Dai, LX
   Yang, Q
   Huang, RQ
   Havenith, HB
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   Zhan, Weiwei
   Dong, Xiujun
   van Westen, Cees
   Xu, Qiang
   Dai, Lanxin
   Yang, Qin
   Huang, Runqiu
   Havenith, Hans-Balder
TI Analyzing successive landslide dam formation by different triggering
   mechanisms: The case of the Tangjiawan landslide, Sichuan, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dams; Wenchuan earthquake; Evolution; Hazard assessment;
   Emergency response
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE; FLOOD; MITIGATION; DISCHARGE; BEHAVIOR;
   MORAINE; LAKES
AB The catastrophic Tangjiawan landslide, triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, blocked the Duba River, impounding one of the most dangerous coseismic barrier lakes in Beichuan, China. The lake was drained by an artificial spillway within one month after the earthquake to minimize the potential dam-breach flooding risk. However, on September 5, 2016, this landslide was reactivated and dammed the river again, creating a 20-m high dam at the same location and resulting in the formation of a barrier lake with a volume of 0.6 million m(3). The day after the event we carried out a field investigation of the landslide and obtained a high-resolution image and DEM using UAV. The satellite images from 2005, 2008, 2010 and 2015 were also collected to analyze the evolution of the landslide. Together with multi-temporal DEMs, the geometry and volumes of the displaced mass and the landslide dams and barrier lakes were calculated using image interpretation and 3D spatial analysis with GIS. This landslide is of great scientific interest, as it presents a good example of multiple reactivation of a prehistorical giant landslide under different triggering conditions: a reactivation of an older landslide during the Wenchuan earthquake, and a second reactivation during a rainfall event several years later. Meanwhile from the hazard assessment and prevention perspective, it is also representative as it dammed the river twice in 2008 and 2016, posing threats to both upstream and downstream areas. We infer that the successive landslides in this region could be caused by the strong tectonic activities: including earthquakes and high average uplifting rate. The results of landslide volume analysis using multi-temporal DEMs, contribute to the landslide mechanism analysis, and suggest that the landslide volume estimation is effected by the landslide type, landslide rupture surface location, and resolution of DEM. We also compare the performance of different empirical models of landslide stability and dam-breach flood parameters and discuss their application during the quick assessment of the potential hazard of the landslide dams. Generally, the successive landslide dams at the Tangjiawan site are caused by the successive landslide reactivations on an anti-dip slope controlled by strong tectonic activity and river erosion, involve with a mass of loose materials of previous landslide deposition, and possess high flood risk to the downstream area. The experience gained in this work can be used to assist the hazard assessment and the planning of the emergency measures for similar landslide dams in the future.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; Zhan, Weiwei; Dong, Xiujun; Xu, Qiang; Dai, Lanxin; Yang, Qin; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhan, Weiwei] Clemson Univ, Glenn Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
   [van Westen, Cees] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Havenith, Hans-Balder] Univ Liege, Georisques & Environm, Liege, Belgium.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Clemson University; University of
   Twente; University of Liege
RP Zhan, WW (corresponding author), Clemson Univ, Glenn Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.; Dong, XJ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, 1 Erxianqiao Dongsanlu, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM wzhan@g.clemson.edu; dongxj.sklgp@163.com
TC 52
Z9 58
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD SEP 4
PY 2018
VL 243
BP 128
EP 144
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.06.016
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000443670600013
ER

PT J
AU Peng, M
   Zhang, LM
AF Peng, M.
   Zhang, L. M.
TI Breaching parameters of landslide dams
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Dams; Dam breach; Erosion; Overtopping; Earthquake
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN PROVINCE; NEW-ORLEANS; EROSION; FAILURE;
   ERODIBILITY; SIMULATION; AREA; FLOW; SOIL
AB Landslide dams pose enormous risks to the public because of the potentially catastrophic floods generated by breaching of such dams. The need to better understand the threats of landslide dams raises questions about the proper estimation of breaching parameters (breach size, breaching duration, and peak outflow rate) of landslide dams and the feasibility of applying models for estimating the breaching parameters of man-made earthen dams to landslide dams. This paper aims to answer these two questions. In this study, a database of 1,239 landslide dams, including 257 cases formed during the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, has been compiled. Based on records of 52 landslide dam cases with breaching information in the database, empirical models for estimating the breaching parameters of landslide dams are developed. A comparison study between landslide dams and man-made earth and rockfill dams is conducted, which shows that the models for man-made earth and rockfill dams are not suitable for estimating the breaching parameters of landslide dams. Two case studies are presented to show the application of the set of empirical models developed in this paper.
C1 [Zhang, L. M.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, M.; Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Hong Kong University of Science &
   Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM pengming@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 309
Z9 377
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 9
IS 1
BP 13
EP 31
DI 10.1007/s10346-011-0271-y
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000304615400002
ER

PT J
AU Li, G
   West, AJ
   Densmore, AL
   Hammond, DE
   Jin, ZD
   Zhang, F
   Wang, J
   Hilton, RG
AF Li, Gen
   West, A. Joshua
   Densmore, Alexander L.
   Hammond, Douglas E.
   Jin, Zhangdong
   Zhang, Fei
   Wang, Jin
   Hilton, Robert G.
TI Connectivity of earthquake-triggered landslides with the fluvial
   network: Implications for landslide sediment transport after the 2008
   Wenchuan earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
DT Article
ID DRAINAGE DENSITY; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; TIBETAN PLATEAU; EROSION;
   TOPOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; RIVER; RATES; PATTERN; MOBILIZATION
AB Evaluating the influence of earthquakes on erosion, landscape evolution, and sediment-related hazards requires understanding fluvial transport of material liberated in earthquake-triggered landslides. The location of landslides relative to river channels is expected to play an important role in postearthquake sediment dynamics. In this study, we assess the position of landslides triggered by the M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, aiming to understand the relationship between landslides and the fluvial network of the steep Longmen Shan mountain range. Combining a landslide inventory map and geomorphic analysis, we quantify landslide-channel connectivity in terms of the number of landslides, landslide area, and landslide volume estimated from scaling relationships. We observe a strong spatial variability in landslide-channel connectivity, with volumetric connectivity (xi) ranging from similar to 20% to similar to 90% for different catchments. This variability is linked to topographic effects that set local channel densities, seismic effects (including seismogenic faulting) that regulate landslide size, and substrate effects that may influence both channelization and landslide size. Altogether, we estimate that the volume of landslides connected to channels comprises 43 + 9/-7% of the total coseismic landslide volume. Following the Wenchuan earthquake, fine-grained (<similar to 0.25mm) suspended sediment yield across the Longmen Shan catchments is positively correlated to catchment-wide landslide density, but this correlation is statistically indistinguishable whether or not connectivity is considered. The weaker-than-expected influence of connectivity on suspended sediment yield may be related to mobilization of fine-grained landslide material that resides in hillslope domains, i.e., not directly connected to river channels. In contrast, transport of the coarser fraction (which makes up >90% of the total landslide volume) may be more significantly affected by landslide locations.
C1 [Li, Gen; West, A. Joshua; Hammond, Douglas E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA.
   [Densmore, Alexander L.; Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
   [Densmore, Alexander L.; Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
   [Jin, Zhangdong; Zhang, Fei; Wang, Jin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Southern California; Durham University; Durham University;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS
RP Li, G (corresponding author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA.
EM genli@usc.edu
TC 107
Z9 120
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
PD APR
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 4
BP 703
EP 724
DI 10.1002/2015JF003718
SC Geology
UT WOS:000382579600004
ER

PT J
AU Li, Y
   Zhou, RJ
   Zhao, GH
   Li, HB
   Su, DC
   Ding, HR
   Yan, ZK
   Yan, L
   Yun, K
   Ma, C
AF Li, Yong
   Zhou, Rongjun
   Zhao, Guohua
   Li, Haibing
   Su, Decheng
   Ding, Hairong
   Yan, Zhaokun
   Yan, Liang
   Yun, Kung
   Ma, Chao
TI Tectonic uplift and landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and
   constraints on orogenic growth: A case study from Hongchun Gully,
   Longmen Mountains, Sichuan, China
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Coseismic tectonic uplift; Coseismic landslides;
   Postseismic debris flows; Orogenic growth; Longmen Shan
ID TIBETAN-PLATEAU; SEDIMENT; RUPTURE; SHAN
AB Many uncertainties need to be taken into account to estimate the relationship between tectonic uplift, the landslide volume triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, and constraints on the orogenic growth of the Longmen Shan (Mountain). In this research, coseismic tectonic uplift, landslides, and postseismic debris-flows in Hongchun Gully located at the earthquake epicenter have been studied. Field data, aerial photographs, and digital elevation data were used to estimate the quantitative relationship between the tectonic uplift and landslides, debris-flows and their constraints on the orogenic growth of the Longmen Mountains. The coseismic tectonic uplift volume (667 x 10(4) m(3)) was more than the coseismic landslide volume (380.01 x 10(4) m(3)). Only 57% of the volume of the tectonic uplift has been converted to the volume of landslides in Hongchun Gully, indicating new uplift and orogenic growth of the Longmen Shan. The volume of postseismic debris flows was 70.5 x 10(4) m(3), indicating that 20% of the volume of coseismic landslides was converted into postseismic debris flows by heavy rainfall. The volume of materials discharged by Minjiang River (the main river) is 48.5 x 10(4) m(3), indicating that only 13% of coseismic landslide sediments has been removed from the range by fluvial processes, and at least 86% of landslide sediments still remain in the Hongchun Gully. Coseismic tectonic uplift volume exceeds coseismic landslides volume, and the Wenchuan Earthquake caused new uplift and geomorphic growth of the Longmen Mountains. This is not consistent with a previous conclusion that mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake exceeds orogenic growth and led to a net material deficit in the Longmen Shan region. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Yong; Zhao, Guohua; Ding, Hairong; Yan, Zhaokun; Yan, Liang; Yun, Kung; Ma, Chao] Chengdu Univ Technol, Natl Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploitat, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Rongjun] Seismol Bur Sichuan Prov, Inst Earthquake Engn, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Haibing; Su, Decheng] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological Survey; Institute of
   Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences
RP Li, Y (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Inst Sedimentary Geol, Natl Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploitat, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM liy@cdut.edu.cn
TC 31
Z9 34
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
EI 1873-4553
PD OCT 28
PY 2014
VL 349
BP 142
EP 152
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.005
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000344950900017
ER

PT J
AU Long, YJ
   Li, WL
   Huang, RQ
   Xu, Q
   Yu, B
   Liu, G
AF Long, Yujie
   Li, Weile
   Huang, Runqiu
   Xu, Qiang
   Yu, Bin
   Liu, Gang
TI A Comparative Study of Supervised Classification Methods for
   Investigating Landslide Evolution in the Mianyuan River Basin, China
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Mianyuan River Basin; automatic detection;
   evolutionary trend; maximum likelihood method; random forest algorithm;
   engineering geology
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS FLOWS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; AREA
AB The M-s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 2008 dramatically changed the terrain surface and caused long-term increases in the scale and frequency of landslides and debris flows. The changing trend of landslides in the earthquake-affected area over the decade since the earthquake remains largely unknown. In this study, we were able to address this issue using supervised classification methods and multitemporal remote sensing images to study landslide evolution in the worst-affected area (Mianyuan River Basin) over a period of ten years. Satellite images were processed using the maximum likelihood method and random forest algorithm to automatically map landslide occurrence from 2007 to 2018. The principal findings are as follows: (1) when compared with visual image analysis, the random forest algorithm had a good average accuracy rate of 87% for landslide identification; (2) postevent landslide occurrence has generally decreased with time, but heavy monsoonal seasons have caused temporary spikes in activity; and (3) the postearthquake landslide activity in the Mianyuan River Basin can be divided into a strong activity period (2008 to 2011), medium activity period (2012 to 2016), and weak activity period (post 2017). Landslide activity remains above the prequake level, with damaging events being rare but continuing to occur. Long-term remote sensing and on-site monitoring are required to understand the evolution of landslide activity after strong earthquakes.
C1 [Long, Yujie; Li, Weile; Huang, Runqiu; Xu, Qiang; Yu, Bin; Liu, Gang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Long, Yujie] Sichuan Met Geol Survey & Design Grp Co Ltd, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Gang] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Earth Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Li, WL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM whylwl01@163.com
TC 25
Z9 26
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD APR
PY 2023
VL 34
IS 2
BP 316
EP 329
DI 10.1007/s12583-021-1525-9
SC Geology
UT WOS:000981674700004
ER

PT J
AU Li, B
   Su, JY
   Ma, DH
   Wang, W
AF Li Bo
   Su JingYu
   Ma DongHui
   Wang Wei
TI Research on Regional Geological Environment and Countermeasure of
   Geology Disasters in Wenchuan
SO RESEARCH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Regional geological environment; Geological
   disasters; Hazard mitigation measures; Prevention system
ID EARTHQUAKE; COLLAPSE
AB Wenchuan Earthquake happened in the mountainous area with fragile geological environment. Both internal and external tectonic stress accelerate the change of geological environment in the disaster area. Various geologic process and hazards appear during the transfer. Protection measures of geological disaster were suggested while rebuilding in this paper by researching the reason and distribution characteristics of disaster such as surface rupture, landslide, collapse and debris flow, such as: (1) In face of the accelerating changes in areal geological environment, control strategies should be researched combined with capacity of ecological environment and social development. (2) In the next few years, geological disaster will be in a highly frequent, multiple and burst period because of repeated damage by earthquake and aftershock. At the same time, geological environment will also be shocked by external load. Geological disaster risks around the town which is in southwestern high intensity mountains should be comprehensively inspected and estimated. (3) The environment and risk of geological hazards should be paid much attention in reconstruction process. In addition, the composed measures which include investigation, monitoring, avoidance should be taken to prevent the geological disaster after the quake.
C1 [Li Bo; Su JingYu; Ma DongHui; Wang Wei] Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Earthquake Resistance & Disaster Reduct, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
   [Li Bo] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Architecture & Civil Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing University of Technology; Beijing University of Technology
RP Li, B (corresponding author), Beijing Univ Technol, Inst Earthquake Resistance & Disaster Reduct, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
EM cooleeboo@163.com
TC 1
Z9 1
PU DR JYOTI GARG
PI INDORE MP
PA SECTOR A/80 SCHEME NO 54, VIJAY NAGAR, A B ROAD, INDORE MP, 452 010,
   INDIA
SN 0972-0626
PD NOV
PY 2012
VL 16
SI 2
BP 91
EP 96
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000310925500014
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, XY
   Hu, K
   Burns, SF
   Hu, HT
AF Zhao, Xiaoyan
   Hu, Kai
   Burns, Scott F.
   Hu, Houtian
TI Classification and sudden departure mechanism of high-speed landslides
   caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE High-speed landslides; Classification; Sudden departure mechanism;
   Landslide-earthquake
AB The sudden departure mechanism of high-speed landslides has always constituted a popular yet difficult research topic. Therefore, although a systematic classification of high-speed landslides is necessary, particularly since different types of landslides exhibit different mechanisms, an associated methodology has yet to be established. This paper investigates an easily overlooked phenomenonlandslide-quake, which is defined as a local ground vibration triggered by the sudden rupture of the locked segment of a high-speed landslide that occurs immediately prior to the departure of the landslide. This new concept is employed as a foundation for a new classification. The characteristics and formation conditions of landslide-quake are discussed, based upon which the high-speed landslides that occurred following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are classified into three different types. Subsequently, the sudden departure mechanism of each type of landslide is analyzed, thereby providing a new method for research on the sudden departure mechanism of high-speed landslides.
C1 [Zhao, Xiaoyan; Hu, Kai; Hu, Houtian] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, 111,North 1st Sect,2nd Ring Rd, Chengdu 611756, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Burns, Scott F.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Portland State University
RP Hu, HT (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, 111,North 1st Sect,2nd Ring Rd, Chengdu 611756, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM xyzhao2@swjtu.cn; hukaicn@outlook.com; burnss@pdx.edu;
   huhoutianxnjd@sina.com
TC 14
Z9 15
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD MAR
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 5
AR 125
DI 10.1007/s12665-019-8083-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000458858900001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, MS
   Huang, D
   Cao, MS
   Qiao, JP
AF Zhao, Mingsheng
   Huang, Dong
   Cao, Maosen
   Qiao, Jianping
TI Shaking table tests on deformation and failure mechanisms of seismic
   slope
SO JOURNAL OF VIBROENGINEERING
DT Article
DE shaking table model tests; dynamic responses; seismic slope behavior;
   seismic sliding surface; Wenchuan earthquake
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China induced many landslides. Gigantic slope failures have attracted serious concerns in engineering practice; however, small slope failures should also be investigated as they are more common. In particular, the detailed characteristics of slope failures during earthquakes remain unknown. Therefore, the present study carried out 1-G shaking table tests on a straight shape slope model with different shaking intensities and frequencies. The test results showed the amplification of motion, the initiation of failure, and final failure mode of the straight shape slope. Also, the experimental results can be used to investigate the response and amplification behavior of some prototype slopes. The results are helpful to demonstrate the detailed collapsing behavior of the slope under earthquake excitation, and provide useful data to analyze the failure mechanism of landslides and valuable references for seismic design of landslide engineering.
C1 [Zhao, Mingsheng] Guizhou Xinlian Blasting Engn Grp Co Ltd, Guiyang, Guizhou, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Dong; Qiao, Jianping] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Dong; Qiao, Jianping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt & Environm, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Dong; Qiao, Jianping] Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cao, Maosen] Hohai Univ, Coll Mech & Mat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hohai
   University
RP Huang, D (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM mingshengzhao@126.com; hd1017@sohu.com; cmszhy@163.com;
   jpqiao@imde.ac.cn
TC 10
Z9 12
PU JVE INT LTD
PI KAUNAS
PA GELIU RATAS 15 A, KAUNAS, LT-50282, LITHUANIA
SN 1392-8716
PD FEB
PY 2015
VL 17
IS 1
BP 382
EP 392
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000349838900032
ER

PT J
AU Yang, QW
   Liu, SJ
   Hu, CH
   Lin, YB
   Zhang, B
   Luo, ML
   Peng, HL
AF Yang Qing-wei
   Liu Shou-jiang
   Hu Cui-hua
   Lin Ye-bin
   Zhang Bin
   Luo Ming-liang
   Peng Hui-ling
TI Ecological species groups and interspecific association of vegetation in
   natural recovery process at Xiejiadian landslide after 2008 Wenchuan
   earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Vegetation recovery; Interspecific association; Ecological species
   group; Wenchuan earthquake; Xiejiadian landslide
ID CATASTROPHIC EARTHQUAKE; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; RESTORATION; SUCCESSION;
   HABITAT; HAZARDS
AB Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 triggered numerous landslides, which disturbed vast areas of vegetation in northwest Sichuan. However, based on our primary field investigation at Xiejiadian landslide in July 2009, we found an obvious increase of the number of plant species and then we made a hypothesis that, after earthquake, vegetation at this landslide might recover by itself. In this paper, we conduct a newly field investigation at Xiejiadian landslide during November 2014 to verify this hypothesis. We investigated plant species composition at total 56 sites (trees 4, shrubs 16 and herbs 36, respectively), and calculated the Schluter's variance ratio, important values, x(2) test, association coefficient, Ochiai index, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients, and Ecological species groups. Species sharply increased to 84 species belonging to 66 genera and 54 families, forming a complete life form containing trees, shrubs, herbs, and ground layers while only herbs detected in 2009. Moreover, an overall positive and moderately related interspecies association was detected for most of species pairs. Of total 84 species, twenty five were identified as dominant species and could be divided into four positive ecological species groups. This study verified our proposed hypothesis of self-recovery of vegetation in landslide triggered by the earthquake, and found Alnus cremastogyne, Rhus chinensis, Litsea cubeba, Vitis piasezkii and Anemone vitifolia would play a constructive role during the continuing succession of vegetation at Xiejiadian landslide.
C1 [Yang Qing-wei; Liu Shou-jiang; Peng Hui-ling] Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Natl Inland Waterway Regulat Engn Technol Res Ctr, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.
   [Yang Qing-wei; Liu Shou-jiang; Peng Hui-ling] Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Sch River & Ocean Engn, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.
   [Liu Shou-jiang; Hu Cui-hua; Lin Ye-bin; Zhang Bin; Luo Ming-liang] China West Normal Univ, Sch Land & Resource, Nanchang 637009, Peoples R China.
   [Liu Shou-jiang] Mianyang Normal Univ, Ecol Secur & Protect Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Mianyang 621000, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing Jiaotong University; Chongqing Jiaotong University; China West
   Normal University; Mianyang Teachers' College
RP Liu, SJ (corresponding author), Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Natl Inland Waterway Regulat Engn Technol Res Ctr, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.; Liu, SJ (corresponding author), Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Sch River & Ocean Engn, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.; Liu, SJ (corresponding author), China West Normal Univ, Sch Land & Resource, Nanchang 637009, Peoples R China.; Liu, SJ (corresponding author), Mianyang Normal Univ, Ecol Secur & Protect Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Mianyang 621000, Peoples R China.
EM qwyang2001@163.com; liushouj@tom.com; hucuihua818@163.com;
   forrestbin@gmail.com; envgeo@163.com; luoml@cwnu.edu.cn;
   493387741@qq.com
TC 9
Z9 21
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD SEP
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 9
BP 1609
EP 1620
DI 10.1007/s11629-016-3807-8
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000382748500008
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, W
   Tang, C
   Van Asch, TWJ
   Zhou, CH
AF Zhou, Wei
   Tang, Chuan
   Van Asch, Th. W. J.
   Zhou, Chunhua
TI Rainfall-triggering response patterns of post-seismic debris flows in
   the Wenchuan earthquake area
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flow; Triggering mechanisms; Critical
   rainfall; Rainfall-triggering response pattern
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES; INITIATION; PHYSICS; IMPACT
AB Several giant debris flows occurred in southwestern China after the Wenchuan earthquake, causing serious casualties and economic losses. Debris flows were frequently triggered after the earthquake. A relatively accurate prediction of these post-seismic debris flows can help to reduce the consequent damages. Existing debris flow prediction is almost based on the study of the relationship between post-earthquake debris flows and rainfall. The relationship between the occurrence of post-seismic debris flows and characteristic rainfall patterns was studied in this paper. Fourteen rainfall events related to debris flows that occurred in four watersheds in the Wenchuan earthquake area were collected. By analyzing the rainfall data, characteristics of rainfall events that triggered debris flows after the earthquake were obtained. Both the critical maximum rainfall intensity and average rainfall intensity increased with the time. To describe the critical conditions for debris flow initiation, intensity-duration curves were constructed, which shows how the threshold for triggering debris flows increased each year. The time that the critical rainfall intensities of debris flow occurrences return to the value prior to the earthquake could not be estimated due to the absent rainfall data before the earthquake. Rainfall-triggering response patterns could be distinguished for rainfall-induced debris flows. The critical rainfall patterns related to debris flows could be divided on the basis of antecedent rainfall duration and intensity into three categories: (1) a rapid triggering response pattern, (2) an intermediate triggering response pattern, and (3) a slow triggering response pattern. The triggering response patterns are closely related to the initiation mechanisms of post-earthquake debris flows. The main difference in initiation mechanisms and difference in triggering patterns by rainfall is regulated by the infiltration process and determined by a number of parameters, such as hydro-mechanical soil characteristics, the thickness of the soil, and the slope gradient. In case of a rapid triggering response rainfall pattern, the hydraulic conductivity and initial moisture content are the main impact factors. Runoff erosion and rapid loading of solid material is the dominant process. In case of a rainfall pattern with a slow triggering response, the thickness and strength of the soil, high hydraulic conductivity, and rainfall intensity are the impact factors. Probably slope failure is the most dominant process initiating debris flows. In case of an intermediate triggering response pattern, both debris flow initiation mechanisms (runoff erosion and slope failure) can play a role.
C1 [Zhou, Wei; Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Van Asch, Th. W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Utrecht, Netherlands.
   [Zhou, Chunhua] Sichuan Prov Meteorol Observ, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Utrecht University
RP Zhou, W (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM chouvw@163.com
TC 34
Z9 40
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JAN
PY 2014
VL 70
IS 2
BP 1417
EP 1435
DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0883-8
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000331393200023
ER

PT J
AU Xu, MZ
   Wang, ZY
   Qi, LJ
   Liu, L
   Zhang, K
AF Xu, Mengzhen
   Wang, Zhaoyin
   Qi, Lijian
   Liu, Le
   Zhang, Kang
TI Disaster chains initiated by the Wenchuan earthquake
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Disaster chain; Mass movement; Debris flow;
   Attenuation factor
ID INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SEDIMENT; EROSION; IMPACT
AB The Wenchuan earthquake caused numerous landslides and avalanches, which initiated causal chains of geological and ecological disasters. Field investigations and field experiments were performed in the earthquake area in 2008 and 2009 to study the disaster chains. Four types of disaster chains have been identified and seven cases have been studied. In the disaster chains, each episode was caused by the previous episode, or the causal episode. In the first chain, landslide created a quake lake, which was followed by landslide dam failure flood and very intensive fluvial process. The last episode of the chain was loss of habitats and destruction of aquatic biocommunities. The Tangjiashan and Huoshigou landslides initiated such a type of disaster chain. The second chain consisted of landslide, drainage system burying, debris flows, and development of new drainage system and intensive fluvial process. The Wenjiagou landslide initiated such a type of disaster chain. The third chain consisted of avalanches, grain erosion (unusual erosion of bare rocks due to insolation and temperature change), slope debris flows, and flying stones. Many such disaster chain events occurred on the mountains by the Minjiang River section from Yingxiu to Wenchuan. The fourth chain has only two episodes: avalanches during the earthquake occurring on elevation between 100 and 800 m from the riverbed, and rock falls or new avalanches due to increased slope angle of high mountains (400-1,500 m from the riverbed). The Chediguan bridge was broken by such avalanches in July 2009, in which six were killed and more than 20 were injured. For all the disaster chains, the volume of mass movement in each episode was much less than the causal episode (previous episode). In other words, there was an attenuation along the causal chains. The attenuation factor is defined as the ratio of the volume of mass movement or affected area in one episode of a chain to the volume or affected area in the causal episode. The study concluded that the attenuation factor ranges from 0.02 to 0.3. Macro-invertebrates were used as indicator species to evaluate the ecological effect of the disaster chains. The number of species was greatly reduced by the causal chains, although the river section was not directly affected by landslides.
C1 [Xu, Mengzhen; Wang, Zhaoyin; Qi, Lijian; Liu, Le; Zhang, Kang] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University
RP Xu, MZ (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM xumz07@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn; zywang@tsinghua.edu.cn;
   qilij7@yahoo.com.cn; liusgter@gmail.com; zhang-k08@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
TC 32
Z9 43
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 65
IS 4
SI SI
BP 975
EP 985
DI 10.1007/s12665-011-0905-3
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000299840100003
ER

PT J
AU Wang, Y
   He, Q
   Wang, WP
   Zhang, N
   Chen, L
   Liu, Z
   Chen, D
   Yang, L
AF Wang, Yan
   He, Qing
   Wang, Wenpei
   Zhang, Nan
   Chen, Liang
   Liu, Zhen
   Chen, Dian
   Yang, Lin
TI Analysis on the mechanism and dynamics of frequent debris flows in
   typical alpine gorges areas-a case study of Yizhong river in Deqin
   County, Yunnan, China
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE debris flow; frequent occurrence mechanism; geomechanical model;
   dynamical mechanism; photogrammetry
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; BACK-CALCULATION; LONG-RUNOUT; LANDSLIDE;
   AVALANCHE; SIMULATION; MODEL; INITIATION; SICHUAN; ZHOUQU
AB Debris flow is a common geological disaster in mountainous areas, which occurs frequently in the rainy season and has strong mobility and destructiveness, often bringing serious loss of life and property. Previous studies have focused more on single outbreaks of debris flow disasters, and less on multiple outbreaks of debris flow disasters in the same gully during the rainy season, which makes it more difficult to carry out prevention and control work for similar disasters. Because the occurrence of the disaster has its corresponding geomechanical model as the basis, which provides the necessary scientific basis for the prevention and control of the disaster. Through data collection, field investigation, drone aerial photography, modelling and rainfall data analysis, the geological environment of Yizhong River Basin and the frequent occurrence mechanism of debris flow disasters were investigated, and a conjugate shear-type disaster-inducing geomechanical model was proposed. With the help of RAMMS numerical simulation software, the dynamic mechanism of the disaster threatening the life and property safety of the residents in Deqin County was analysed to provide the necessary scientific basis for the prevention and control of the Yizhong River debris flow disaster. Base on the characteristics of the geological environment in alpine and gorge areas, the necessity and advantage of applying the nap-of-the-object photogrammetry technology to engineering geological survey in alpine and gorge areas are put forward.
C1 [Wang, Yan; Chen, Liang; Liu, Zhen; Chen, Dian; Yang, Lin] Yunnan Geol Engn Second Survey Inst Co Ltd, Kunming, Peoples R China.
   [He, Qing] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [He, Qing; Wang, Wenpei; Zhang, Nan] China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
RP He, Q (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.; He, Q (corresponding author), China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM 1361715761@qq.com
TC 3
Z9 3
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD JUN 12
PY 2024
VL 12
AR 1418763
DI 10.3389/feart.2024.1418763
SC Geology
UT WOS:001254290600001
ER

PT J
AU Zhong, C
   Li, C
   Gao, P
   Li, H
AF Zhong, Cheng
   Li, Chang
   Gao, Peng
   Li, Hui
TI Discovering Vegetation Recovery and Landslide Activities in the Wenchuan
   Earthquake Area with Landsat Imagery
SO SENSORS
DT Article
DE earthquake; landslide; vegetation recovery; NDVI; slope stability;
   Landsat; land cover
ID DEBRIS FLOWS; GEO-HAZARDS; IMPACTS; FOREST; CHINA; SOIL
AB Post-seismic vegetation recovery is critical to local ecosystem recovery and slope stability, especially in the Wenchuan earthquake area where tens of thousands of landslides were triggered. This study executed a decadal monitoring of post-seismic landslide activities all over the region by investigating landslide vegetation recovery rate (VRR) with Landsat images and a (nearly) complete landslide inventory. Thirty thousand landslides that were larger than nine pixels were chosen for VRR analysis, to reduce the influence of mixed pixels and support detailed investigation within landslides. The study indicates that about 60% of landslide vegetation gets close to the pre-earthquake level in ten years and is expected to recover to the pre-earthquake level within 20 years. The vegetation recovery is significantly influenced by topographic factors, especially elevation and slope, while it is barely related to the distance to epicenter, fault ruptures, and rivers. This study checked and improved the knowledge of vegetation recovery and landslide stability in the area, based on a detailed investigation.
C1 [Zhong, Cheng; Li, Chang] China Univ Geosci, Three Gorges Res Ctr Geohazard, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Gao, Peng] Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
   [Gao, Peng] Univ South Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
   [Li, Hui] China Univ Geosci, Sch Earth Sci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; University of North Carolina;
   University of North Carolina Wilmington; University of South Carolina
   System; University of South Carolina Columbia; China University of
   Geosciences
RP Li, H (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Sch Earth Sci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
EM zhonglxm@cug.edu.cn; lichang_net@cug.edu.cn; gaop@uncw.edu;
   rslihui@cug.edu.cn
TC 18
Z9 22
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1424-8220
PD AUG
PY 2021
VL 21
IS 15
AR 5243
DI 10.3390/s21155243
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
UT WOS:000682191400001
ER

PT J
AU Gorum, T
   Fan, XM
   van Westen, CJ
   Huang, RQ
   Xu, Q
   Tang, C
   Wang, GH
AF Gorum, Tolga
   Fan, Xuanmei
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Huang, Run Qiu
   Xu, Qiang
   Tang, Chuan
   Wang, Gonghui
TI Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the
   12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslide; Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide
   distribution; Longmenshan; Sichuan
ID 1999 CHI-CHI; WESTERN SICHUAN BASIN; MOUNTAIN THRUST BELT; TIBETAN
   PLATEAU; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;
   HAZARD MAPS; FAULT ZONE; SUSCEPTIBILITY
AB This paper presents the preliminary results of an extensive study of the mapping the distribution of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, on 12 May 2008. An extensive landslide interpretation was carried out using a large set of optical high resolution satellite images (e.g. ASTER, ALOS, Cartosat-1, SPOT-5 and IKONOS) as well as air photos for both the pre- and post-earthquake situation. Landslide scarps were mapped as points using multi-temporal visual image interpretation taking into account shape, tone, texture, pattern, elevation and ridge and valley orientation. Nearly 60,000 individual landslide scarps were mapped. The landslide distribution map was compared with the inventory map that was prepared directly after the earthquake, which contains about 11,000 individual landslide points, through the calculation of normalized landslide isopleths maps. Remarkable differences were observed, as the earlier inventory mapping did not consider the pre-earthquake situation and did not consider all individual landslides.
   As part of the landslide inventory, landslides were identified that had blocked the drainage and had formed landslide dams. The landslide distribution was compared with a number of aspects, such as the seismic parameters (distance to epicenter, distance to fault rupture, co-seismic fault geometry and co-seismic slip distribution), and geology. The most remarkable correlation found was with the co-seismic slip distribution and the fault geometry. Landslide distribution in the section of the fault that had mainly a thrust component with low angle fault plane was found to be much higher than the sections that had steeper fault angles and a major strike slip component. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gorum, Tolga; Fan, Xuanmei; van Westen, Cees J.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Dept Earth Syst Anal, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Fan, Xuanmei; Huang, Run Qiu; Xu, Qiang; Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan.
C3 University of Twente; Chengdu University of Technology; Kyoto University
RP Gorum, T (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Dept Earth Syst Anal, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
EM gorum@itc.nl
TC 537
Z9 612
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD OCT 15
PY 2011
VL 133
IS 3-4
SI SI
BP 152
EP 167
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.030
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000295544400005
ER

PT J
AU Hu, W
   Xu, Q
   Rui, C
   Huang, RQ
   van Asch, TWJ
   Zhu, X
   Xu, QQ
AF Hu, W.
   Xu, Q.
   Rui, C.
   Huang, R. Q.
   van Asch, T. W. J.
   Zhu, X.
   Xu, Q. Q.
TI An instrumented flume to investigate the initiation mechanism of the
   post-earthquake huge debris flow in the southwest of China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Instrumented flume test; Debris flow; Unsaturated loose deposits;
   Erosion
ID 13 AUGUST 2010; EARTHQUAKE
AB The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in SW China in the Sichuan Province generated many co-seismic landslides, which delivered a huge amount of loose co-seismic landslide deposits. It caused a dramatic increase in debris flow occurrence in the subsequent years. The mechanism of these runoff debris flows has not been completely understood. The study of the complexity of the phenomenon, such as runoff-induced erosion in initially unsaturated granular deposits, and damming and breaching effects caused by instability in gully banks due to erosion, requires the use of a well-equipped flume. To this aim, an instrumented flume was built at Chengdu University of Technology for the study of the initiation mechanism. Advanced equipment such as the 3D laser scanner was used to monitor the change in tomography of the slope during the test. And some sensors for unsaturated soils such as TDR and tensiometers were installed to capture the change of hydraulic properties of soil. Especially, the erosion was analyzed quantitatively by collecting the washing-out material every 20 s. The preliminary experimental results are very encouraging for investigating the initial mechanism of debris flow. The erosion curve was obtained, and the damming and breaching effect was found to be of key importance to the initiation process.
C1 [Hu, W.; Xu, Q.; Huang, R. Q.; van Asch, T. W. J.; Zhu, X.; Xu, Q. Q.] Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 650023, Peoples R China.
   [Rui, C.] Harbin Inst Technol, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Shenzhen, Peoples R China.
   [van Asch, T. W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Geosci, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology;
   Utrecht University
RP Hu, W (corresponding author), Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 650023, Peoples R China.
EM 513933225@qq.com
TC 22
Z9 25
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 74
IS 2
BP 393
EP 404
DI 10.1007/s10064-014-0627-3
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000358381900009
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Su, LJ
   Qiu, CC
   Lu, HY
   Zhang, B
   Zhang, JQ
   Geng, XY
   Chen, HY
   Wang, YS
AF Zhao, Bo
   Su, Lijun
   Qiu, Chenchen
   Lu, Huiyan
   Zhang, Bo
   Zhang, Jianqiang
   Geng, Xueyu
   Chen, Huayong
   Wang, Yunsheng
TI Understanding of landslides induced by 2022 Luding earthquake, China
SO JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE 2022 Luding earthquake; Landslides; Spatial patterns; Control assessment
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE;
   DADU RIVER; INVENTORY
AB On September 5, 2022, at least 10,855 landslides had been triggered by a magnitude Mw 6.7 (Ms 6.8) earthquake on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Unfortunately, a detailed analysis of the spatial patterns of landslides in the eastern margin of the Baryan Har block is lacking. The observations show that the highest landslide concentrations are distributed along the seismogenic fault (Moxi fault) and Dadu River valley, coinciding with the effects of the hanging wall and microepicenter. Seismogenic tectonics controlled the regional distribution of new landslides, and the local topography influenced the detailed positions on the slopes. The total landslide mass wasting volume was 223.1 x 106 m3, and the maximum occurred in the Wandong Basin (value of 74 x 106 m3). Thirty landslide dams were temporarily existing. Although some local collapses occurred at the toe of the Hailuogou glacier, seismic shaking had no obvious influence on the overall stability of the glacier. A post debris flow assessment indicates that some large basins contained much loose material and that some steep small basins had high debris flow susceptibility. On the eastern margin of the Bayan Har block, the landslide-triggering thrust and strike-slip events both follow the distributions of the hanging wall. (c) 2025 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
C1 [Zhao, Bo; Su, Lijun; Zhang, Bo; Zhang, Jianqiang; Chen, Huayong] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Bo; Su, Lijun; Zhang, Bo; Zhang, Jianqiang; Chen, Huayong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Qiu, Chenchen; Geng, Xueyu] Univ Warwick, Sch Engn, Coventry CV4 7AL, England.
   [Lu, Huiyan; Wang, Yunsheng] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Lijun] China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
   [Zhao, Bo; Su, Lijun; Zhang, Jianqiang; Chen, Huayong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; University of Warwick; Chengdu
   University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM sulijun1976@163.com
TC 14
Z9 15
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1674-7755
EI 2589-0417
PD JUL
PY 2025
VL 17
IS 7
BP 4241
EP 4260
DI 10.1016/j.jrmge.2024.07.006
EA JUL 2025
SC Engineering
UT WOS:001538277500001
ER

PT J
AU Han, M
   Evans, SG
   He, K
   Sun, H
   Ma, ZG
AF Han, Mei
   Evans, Stephen G.
   He, Kun
   Sun, Hao
   Ma, Zhigang
TI The structure of a magnitude-frequency relation for debris flows
   conditioned by earthquake shock
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE debris flow; temporal and spatial distribution; 2008 wenchuan
   earthquake; magnitude-frequency relation; work peak; Wolman-Miller
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; 13 AUGUST 2010; VEGETATION
   RECOVERY; RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; LANDSLIDES; AREA; IMPACT; HAZARD;
   INITIATION
AB Debris flow is a major secondary geological process associated with the 2008 M7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake area, causing the loss of around 200 lives as well as extensive property damage. Based on data developed over the past 21 years (1998-2018) of continuous monitoring of debris flow events in Sichuan, the temporal and spatial aspects of debris flows have been analyzed, including magnitude and frequency. The 21-year study period is divided into three time-intervals: 1998-2007 (pre-earthquake), 2008-2013 (short-term post-earthquake), and 2014-2018 (long-term post-earthquake). Distribution maps are plotted to compare debris flow distribution density in the three periods and to visualize debris flow development throughout Sichuan Province from 1998 to 2018. Many large-scale debris flows occur in groups immediately following the earthquake (2008-2013). After 2014, the magnitude and frequency of debris flows begin to decrease and gradually returned near to the pre-earthquake level as the damaged landscape recovered. The effect of rainfall is investigated by analyzing a 21-year record of precipitation; Following the earthquake the threshold rainfall values for debris flow triggering decrease only to recover to pre-earthquake levels as the landscape heals. Magnitude-frequency (M-F) relations for debris flows of the three periods were developed, and the distribution can be well fitted by a power-law function. Finally, the work done by debris flow was defined by multiplying the magnitude by frequency. At the regional scale, the work peaks in the three time periods have been determined and it is found that the peaks corresponded with the larger debris flow sizes. The concept of offset is introduced to describe the shift of the work peak in relation to the probability peak and is termed the Wolman-Miller offset. It is concluded that with a greater offset in the short-term post-earthquake period, more work has been done by larger events and that the greater proportion of the volume being mobilized by larger events occurring more frequently is a key process in the landscape returning to a pre-earthquake (equilibrium) state. The recovery of an earthquake-damaged landscape represents a transient period of high hazard that should be considered in any hazard assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides (in addition to co-seismic landslides).
C1 [Han, Mei] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Math, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Evans, Stephen G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
   [He, Kun] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Sun, Hao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Zhigang] Sichuan Inst Land & Space Ecol Restorat & Geol Haz, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; University of Waterloo; Southwest
   Jiaotong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Evans, SG (corresponding author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
EM sgevans@uwaterloo.ca
TC 3
Z9 3
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD JAN 6
PY 2023
VL 10
AR 946301
DI 10.3389/feart.2022.946301
SC Geology
UT WOS:000915583400001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, JC
   Huang, WS
   Tsai, YF
AF Chen, Jinn-Chyi
   Huang, Wen-Shun
   Tsai, Yuan-Fan
TI Variability in the characteristics of extreme rainfall events triggering
   debris flows: a case study in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Critical rainfall; Rainfall index; Recovery period
ID 13 AUGUST 2010; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; THRESHOLD; RATES; AREA
AB This work examines the period affected by extreme rainfall that triggers debris flow and the modification of the critical rainfall threshold for debris flows after extreme events in the Chenyulan watershed in central Taiwan. Three rainfall indices, I-m (maximum hourly rainfall depth), R-d (maximum 24-h rainfall amount), and RI (= I-m x R-d), were used to analyze the variations in rainfall thresholds for triggering debris flow. Five extreme rainfall events with RI > 365 cm(2)/h that triggered multiple debris flows are discussed. Critical rainfall (the rainfall threshold of I-m, R-d, and RI for triggering debris flow) drops significantly at the initial stage after an extreme rainfall event; it then increases to revert to its original value after subsequent rainfall events. The lowered critical rainfall and the required recovery period were associated with the RI driven by an extreme rainfall event. Empirical relationships for modified critical rainfall and recovery period after an extreme rainfall event are also presented. The critical RI and I-m (or R-d) could be reduced by 70% and 40%, respectively. The maximum recovery period was approximately three years after an extreme rainfall. The recovery period has an increasing trend with the increasing ratio of landslide area bought by an extreme rainfall.
C1 [Chen, Jinn-Chyi] Fujian Coll Water Conservancy & Elect Power, Dept Hydraul Engn, Yongan 366000, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Wen-Shun] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Ecol Soil & Water Conservat Res Ctr, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
   [Tsai, Yuan-Fan] Natl Taipei Univ Educ, Dept Social & Reg Dev, Taipei 10671, Taiwan.
C3 National Cheng Kung University; National Taipei University of Education
RP Chen, JC (corresponding author), Fujian Coll Water Conservancy & Elect Power, Dept Hydraul Engn, Yongan 366000, Peoples R China.
EM chenjinnchyi@gmail.com
TC 5
Z9 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JUL
PY 2020
VL 102
IS 3
BP 887
EP 908
DI 10.1007/s11069-020-03938-5
EA MAY 2020
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000530291400005
ER

PT J
AU Dai, KR
   Li, ZH
   Tomás, R
   Liu, GX
   Yu, B
   Wang, XW
   Cheng, HQ
   Chen, JJ
   Stockamp, J
AF Dai, Keren
   Li, Zhenhong
   Tomas, Roberto
   Liu, Guoxiang
   Yu, Bing
   Wang, Xiaowen
   Cheng, Haiqin
   Chen, Jiajun
   Stockamp, Julia
TI Monitoring activity at the Daguangbao mega-landslide (China) using
   Sentinel-1 TOPS time series interferometry
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE InSAR; Sentinel-1; TOPS; Daguangbao landslide; Tandem-X; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID PERMANENT SCATTERERS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; GROUND
   SUBSIDENCE; SOURCE PARAMETERS; X DATA; INSAR; DEFORMATION; DINSAR
AB The Daguangbao mega-landslide (China), induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M-w = 7.9), with an area of approximately 8 km(2), is one of the largest landslides in the world. Experts predicted that the potential risk and instability of the landslide might remain for many decades, or even longer. Monitoring the activity of such a large landslide is hence critical. Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans (TOPS) mode from the Sentinel-1 satellite provides us with up-to-date high-quality Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images over a wide ground coverage (250 x 250 km), enabling full exploitation of various InSAR applications. However, the TOPS mode introduces azimuth -dependent Doppler variations to radar signals, which requires an additional processing step especially for SAR interferometry. Sentinel-1 TOPS data have been widely applied to earthquakes, but the performance of TOPS data-based time series analysis requires further exploitation. In this study, Sentinel-1 TOPS data were employed to investigate landslide post-seismic activities for the first time. To deal with the azimuth-dependent Doppler variations, a processing chain of TOPS time series interferometry approach was developed. Since the Daguangbao landslide is as a result of the collapse of a whole mountain caused by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the existing Digital Elevation Models (DEMs, e.g. SRTM and ASTER) exhibit height differences of up to approximately 500 m. Tandem-X images acquired after the earthquake were used to generate a high resolution post-seismic DEM. The high gradient topographic errors of the SRTM DEM (i.e. the differences between the pre-seismic SRTM and the actual post-seismic elevation), together with low coherence in mountainous areas make it difficult to derive a precise DEM using the traditional InSAR processing procedure. A re-flattening iterative method was hence developed to generate a precise TanDEM-X DEM in this study. The volume of the coseismic Daguangbao landslide was estimated to be of 1.189 +/- 0.110 x 109 m(3) by comparing the postseismic Tandem-X DEM with the preseismic SRTM DEM, which is consistent with the engineering geological survey result. The time-series results from Sentinel-1 show that some sectors of the Daguangbao landslide are still active (and displaying four sliding zones) and exhibiting a maximum displacement rate of 8 cm/year, even eight years after the Wenchuan earthquake. The good performance of TOPS in this time series analysis indicates that up-to-date high-quality TOPS data with spatiotemporal baselines offer significant potential in terms of future InSAR applications. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Dai, Keren; Liu, Guoxiang; Wang, Xiaowen] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Remote Sensing & Geospatial Informat Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Dai, Keren; Li, Zhenhong; Tomas, Roberto; Chen, Jiajun; Stockamp, Julia] Newcastle Univ, COMET, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
   [Tomas, Roberto] Univ Alicante, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Ingn Civil, POB 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
   [Yu, Bing] Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Chengdu 610500, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Haiqin] East China Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.
   [Stockamp, Julia] Univ Glasgow, Sch Geog & Earth Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Newcastle University - UK; Universitat
   d'Alacant; Southwest Petroleum University; East China Jiaotong
   University; University of Glasgow
RP Li, ZH (corresponding author), Newcastle Univ, COMET, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
EM k.dai@foxmail.com; zhenhong.li@newcastle.ac.uk; roberto.tomas@ua.es
TC 161
Z9 190
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA
SN 0034-4257
EI 1879-0704
PD DEC 1
PY 2016
VL 186
BP 501
EP 513
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.09.009
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000396382500039
ER

PT J
AU Zeng, L
   Ge, YG
   Chen, JG
   Su, FH
   Chen, HY
   Zhao, WY
   Si, GW
AF Zeng, Lu
   Ge, Yonggang
   Chen, Jiangang
   Su, Fenghuan
   Chen, Huayong
   Zhao, Wanyu
   Si, Guangwu
TI Influences of a debris flow disaster chain on buildings in remote rural
   areas, Southwest China
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Building blockage effect; debris flow; deposition morphology; disaster
   chain; outbreak flood
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; JIUZHAIGOU VALLEY; HAZARD
   MITIGATION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LANDSLIDE DAM; HERITAGE
   SITE; FLASH-FLOOD; MODEL
AB The magnitude and frequency of mountain hazards will continue to increase because of climate change especially in rural mountainous areas, which have not received much attention. In this article, a debris flow disaster chain in Southwest China caused damage to buildings along the river bank was investigated. The disaster chain included a debris flow, river blockage, lake formation, and an outbreak flood, and this study further investigated the disaster-related losses in downstream villages. Based on the characteristics of failed buildings, three structural types were identified, while the functions of undamaged buildings were affected by flooding or siltation by sediments. In addition, the building layout and riparian vegetation zone influenced the blockage effect, which resisted the flood impact and provided protection to rear buildings. Moreover, this disaster changed the river topography, the studied reach changed from a V shape to a wide-shallow shape, the appreciably affected river length was 6270 m, and the gully bed was noticeably raised 15-20 m. Furthermore, the flood control standard of a 50-year return period was recommended for reference, despite the limitations of these suggestions, we hope that this study attracts the attention of researchers on disaster prevention and mitigation in remote rural areas.
C1 [Zeng, Lu; Ge, Yonggang; Chen, Jiangang; Su, Fenghuan; Chen, Huayong; Zhao, Wanyu; Si, Guangwu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zeng, Lu; Ge, Yonggang; Chen, Jiangang; Su, Fenghuan; Chen, Huayong] CAS HEC, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan.
   [Zhao, Wanyu; Si, Guangwu] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Engn Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Chen, JG (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Chen, JG (corresponding author), CAS HEC, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan.
EM chenjg@imde.ac.cn
TC 7
Z9 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD DEC 31
PY 2022
VL 13
IS 1
BP 2777
EP 2795
DI 10.1080/19475705.2022.2132183
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000865603100001
ER

PT J
AU Ouyang, CJ
   He, SM
   Tang, CA
AF Ouyang, Chaojun
   He, Siming
   Tang, Chuan
TI Numerical analysis of dynamics of debris flow over erodible beds in
   Wenchuan earthquake-induced area
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Finite difference method; MacCormack scheme; Debris flow; Erodible bed;
   Sediment; Entrainment rate
ID DAM-BREAK FLOWS; GRANULAR FLOWS; NEW-MODEL; RUNOUT; ENTRAINMENT;
   SIMULATION; AVALANCHES; EROSION; MASS
AB The basal entrainment of debris flows play a significant role in its amplification and the final volume of deposition could be several to hundred times of its initial volume. In this paper, the shallow water equations coupled with basal material entrainment applied in debris flows have been given to demonstrate the amplification. A new basal entrainment model taking advantage of both Coulomb and Voellmy frictional laws are proposed, providing a unified formula to simulate the stop-and-go process of debris flows. Both time and space second-order MacCormack-TVD finite difference method is suggested to solve the coupled equations. Numerical comparisons with USGS flume experiment and Hongchun gully debris flow in Wenchuan earthquake-induced area are carried out to prove its effectiveness. It is established that the momentum exchange term between the flows and the basal materials has a significant influence on the dynamic characteristics and the entrainment effects are essential to model the dynamic process of debris flows in an earthquake-induced area. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ouyang, Chaojun; He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ouyang, Chaojun; He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, IMHE, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu
   University of Technology
RP Ouyang, CJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, IMHE, 9,Block 4,South Renmin Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM cjouyang@imde.ac.cn
TC 167
Z9 197
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG 26
PY 2015
VL 194
SI SI
BP 62
EP 72
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.07.012
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000360416400007
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, J
   Chen, HY
   Tang, C
   Tang, CX
   Gong, LF
   Chen, M
   Zhang, XZ
   Yang, T
   Li, N
   Shi, QY
   Li, MW
AF Xiong, Jiang
   Chen, Huayong
   Tang, Chuan
   Tang, Chenxiao
   Gong, Lingfeng
   Chen, Ming
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Yang, Tao
   Li, Ning
   Shi, Qingyun
   Li, Mingwei
TI Geomorphometric assessment of spatial transfer potential of landslides
   sediment in seismically impacted areas
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan seismic region; Landslide sediment; Transport capacity; Remote
   sensing; GIS
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; 2008 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; TRANSPORT; EROSION; RIVER;
   CONNECTIVITY; CATCHMENTS; LANDSCAPE
AB In the Wenchuan seismic region, solid material transport by landslides on hillslopes to channels has increased, increasing the susceptibility of debris flow in this seismic region. Timely and accurate mapping of the solid material transport potential of landslides on hillslopes is important for sediment management and debris-flow risk management. To rapidly and accurately understand the spatial distribution of the solid material transport potential of landslides on hillslopes in seismic areas, a new normalized index of the solid material transport potential of landslides on hillslopes (NDIH) was proposed to quantify the potential of solid material transport by landslides on hillslopes in drainage systems on the basis of remote sensing data and GIS platforms. The new approach was applied to 56 debris-flow basins in the epicenter of the Wenchuan seismic region, and the assessment results indicated that the regions between Gengda and Caopo had a greater potential for solid material transport by landslides on hillslopes in drainage systems, thereby increasing the susceptibility of debris flows at the beginning of the Wenchuan earthquake. Simultaneously, field investigations and remote sensing surveys were used to verify the rationality and reliability of the new method, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve was 0.81; i.e., the results of the verification revealed that the NDIH can provide an accurate map of the solid material transport capacity of landslides on hillslopes, which was almost consistent with the findings of the field investigations. Compared with existing methods, the NDIH method has greater flexibility and applicability for revealing the potential of solid material transport on hillslopes in drainage systems in different geographical and climate regions.
C1 [Xiong, Jiang; Chen, Huayong; Tang, Chenxiao; Yang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Lingfeng; Zhang, Xianzheng] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Geol Survey Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Management, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Qingyun] Chengdu Univ Informat & Technol, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Mingwei] CAGS, Inst Geophys & Geochem Explorat, Langfang 065000, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological
   Survey; Xihua University; Chengdu University of Information Technology;
   China Geological Survey; Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical
   Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
RP Chen, HY (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM hychen@imde.ac.cn; tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD APR
PY 2025
VL 121
IS 6
BP 6525
EP 6550
DI 10.1007/s11069-024-07034-w
EA DEC 2024
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001372565800001
ER

PT J
AU Li, C
   Zhu, WH
   Li, L
   Lu, XB
   Yao, D
   Amini, F
AF Li Chi
   Zhu Wen-hui
   Li Lin
   Lu Xiao-bing
   Yao De
   Amini, Farshad
TI Experimental analysis for the dynamic initiation mechanism of debris
   flows
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Mountain hazard; Debris flows; Initiation mechanism; Humidification
   process; Rainfall; Earthquake; Triaxial test
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE DEBRIS; SOIL; PRESSURE; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE
AB Debris flow is one of the major secondary mountain hazards following the earthquake. This study explores the dynamic initiation mechanism of debris flows based on the strength reduction of soils through static and dynamic triaxial tests. A series of static and dynamic triaxial tests were conducted on samples in the lab. The samples were prepared according to different grain size distribution, degree of saturation and earthquake magnitudes. The relations of dynamic shear strength, degree of saturation, and number of cycles are summarized through analyzing experimental results. The findings show that the gravelly soil with a wide and continuous gradation has a critical degree of saturation of approximately 87%, above which debris flows will be triggered by rainfall, while the debris flow will be triggered at a critical degree of saturation of about 73% under the effect of rainfall and earthquake (M > 6.5). Debris flow initiation is developed in the humidification process, and the earthquake provides energy for triggering debris flows. Debris flows are more likely to be triggered at the relatively low saturation under dynamic loading than under static loading. The resistance of debris flow triggering relies more on internal frication angle than soil cohesion under the effect of rainfall and earthquake. The conclusions provide an experimental analysis method for dynamic initiation mechanism of debris flows.
C1 [Li Chi; Zhu Wen-hui; Yao De] Inner Mongolia Univ Technol, Coll Civil Engn, Inner Mongolia 010051, Hohhot, Peoples R China.
   [Li Lin; Amini, Farshad] Jackson State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Jackson, MS 39217 USA.
   [Lu Xiao-bing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
C3 Inner Mongolia University of Technology; Jackson State University;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mechanics, CAS
RP Li, C (corresponding author), Inner Mongolia Univ Technol, Coll Civil Engn, Inner Mongolia 010051, Hohhot, Peoples R China.
EM nmglichi@gmail.com; wenhui@imut.edu.cn; lin.li@jsums.edu;
   xblu@imech.ac.cn; yaode@imut.edu.cn; famini@jsums.edu
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 4
BP 581
EP 592
DI 10.1007/s11629-014-3258-z
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000373882400002
ER

PT J
AU Tang, HM
   Jia, HB
   Hu, XL
   Li, DW
   Xiong, CR
AF Tang Huiming
   Jia Hongbiao
   Hu Xinli
   Li Dewei
   Xiong Chengren
TI Characteristics of Landslides Induced by the Great Wenchuan Earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; giant landslide; ejection landslide; high potential
   energy landslide
ID SICHUAN; CHINA
AB The great Wenchuan ((sic)) earthquake induced a large quantity of landslides. They are widely distributed and caused tremendous damages. The sliding mechanism and characteristics of these earthquake-induced landslides are different from those of conventional gravity landslides. Their occurrences are apparently controlled by the powerful earthquake, and they are characterized by high potential energy sliding and ejection sliding. In this article, the earthquake-induced landslides are classified, the characteristics of the sliding and destruction of these landslides are described, and the relationship between the earthquake and the landslides is analyzed. The Donghekou ((sic)) landslide is used as an example to characterize fast-moving long-distance earthquake-induced ejection slippage and landslide. This research suggests that many phenomena and issues related to earthquake-induced landslide are beyond current recognition and knowledge, and new methodologies should be adopted to consider the effect of the earthquake as the paramount factor in the development of landslides. Furthermore, the study of fast-moving long-distance earthquake-induced landslides can also shed light on the formation of old and ancient landslides.
C1 [Tang Huiming; Jia Hongbiao; Hu Xinli; Xiong Chengren] China Univ Geosci, Fac Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Li Dewei] China Univ Geosci, Fac Earth Sci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; China University of Geosciences
RP Tang, HM (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Fac Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
EM tanghm@cug.edu.cn
TC 38
Z9 46
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES
PI WUHAN
PA YUJIASHAN, WUHAN, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
PD FEB
PY 2010
VL 21
IS 1
BP 104
EP 113
DI 10.1007/s12583-010-0008-1
SC Geology
UT WOS:000274142600009
ER

PT J
AU Liu, JF
   Yuan, D
   Lu, M
   You, Y
   Zhang, GZ
   Feng, T
   Wang, D
   Lin, ZH
AF Liu, Jinfeng
   Yuan, Dong
   Lu, Ming
   You, Yong
   Zhang, Guangze
   Feng, Tao
   Wang, Dong
   Lin, Zhiheng
TI Experimental study on the discharge characteristics of viscous debris
   flow with grid-type dam
SO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS
DT Article
DE Viscous debris flow; Grid-type dam; Discharge characteristics;
   Theoretical analysis; Flume experiment
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; JIUZHAIGOU VALLEY; SICHUAN
AB Experimental tests were conducted on a rectangular flume with different grid-type dam grid sizes, channel slopes and debris flow bulk density. We use the Bernoulli equation of energy conservation to deduce a formula to calculate debris-flow discharge. By combining the flume experiments with dimensional analysis methods, we mainly consider the bulk density of the debris flow, grid size of the grid-type dam, and flume slope to establish the discharge-coefficient correction formula and propose a method of calculating debris-flow discharge through a grid-type dam. The practical value of the formulas was illustrated using the Niwan gully, a tributary of Bailong River in Gansu province, China, as an example, which can be used as a reference in further practical engineering applications.
C1 [Liu, Jinfeng; Yuan, Dong; Lu, Ming; You, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, 9,Block 4,Renminnanlu Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Ming] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Yuan, Dong; Zhang, Guangze; Feng, Tao; Wang, Dong; Lin, Zhiheng] China Railway Eryuan Engn Grp Co LTD, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Liu, JF (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, 9,Block 4,Renminnanlu Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM liujf@imde.ac.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1567-7419
EI 1573-1510
PD DEC
PY 2021
VL 21
IS 6
BP 1253
EP 1271
DI 10.1007/s10652-021-09819-0
EA NOV 2021
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources
UT WOS:000714833700001
ER

PT J
AU Huang, H
   Fan, XM
   Yang, DX
   Li, YL
   Gong, C
   Tian, Y
   Yang, YJ
   Jiansong, P
AF Huang, Hai
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Yang, Dongxu
   Li, Yuanling
   Gong, Cheng
   Tian, You
   Yang, Yongjie
   Jiansong, Peng
TI Initiation mechanism and dynamic characteristics of repeated debris
   flows in the Tianmo Gully, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Tibetan Plateau; Debris flow; Rock-ice avalanche; Snow avalanche
   deposit; Hydrological processes; Velocity; Peak discharge
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GLACIAL TILL; LANDSLIDE; MITIGATION; BEHAVIOR;
   CHINA; LAKE
AB Debris flows originating in glacier and snow-covered catchments in cold high mountains exhibit distinctive initiation mechanisms and runout dynamics. However, due to limited records and data, their mechanisms and dynamics have been poorly studied, hindering effective monitoring and mitigation efforts. The Tianmo Gully (TMG) in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau has experienced repeated debris flows in recent years, presenting us with a unique opportunity to study their initiation mechanisms and dynamics. This study investigates the characteristics of five glacial debris flow events in TMG by employing a combination of field investigations and remote sensing interpretation and analyzes the spatial-temporal distribution of debris source materials and frozen water that control the initiation of debris flows. The results of this study reveal two distinct mechanisms responsible for the initiation of glacial debris flow in TMG, each exhibiting significant variations in triggering conditions. Specifically, the catastrophic event in 2007 was triggered by a rock collapse, subsequently leading to an ice avalanche. In contrast, the remaining four events were triggered by the deposition of snow avalanches. Notably, the velocity and discharge of glacial debris flow surpass those rainfall type debris flow events, with a 50% increase observed in both parameters. These significant differences are caused by the phase change of ice, which controls the hydrological processes and dynamic characteristics. Additionally, besides the influence of soil materials, the presence of snow avalanche deposits emerges as another key factor impacting the activity of glacial debris flow. The findings of this study provide indispensable insights for enhancing risk assessment and formulating effective mitigation strategies pertaining to glacial debris flow occurrences in alpine mountainous regions.
C1 [Huang, Hai; Fan, Xuanmei; Yang, Dongxu; Li, Yuanling; Jiansong, Peng] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Hai; Li, Yuanling; Gong, Cheng; Tian, You; Yang, Yongjie] CAGS, Inst Explorat Technol, Chengdu 611734, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Hai; Li, Yuanling; Gong, Cheng; Tian, You; Yang, Yongjie] Minist Nat Resources, Technol Innovat Ctr Risk Prevent & Mitigat Geohaza, Chengdu 611734, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Ministry of Natural Resources of the
   People's Republic of China
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 0
Z9 2
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAY
PY 2025
VL 22
IS 5
BP 1609
EP 1622
DI 10.1007/s10346-025-02457-3
EA JAN 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001391772200001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, M
   Qiao, JP
   He, SM
AF Wang Meng
   Qiao Jianping
   He Siming
TI GIS-based earthquake-triggered landslide hazard zoning using
   contributing weight model
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Earthquake-triggered landslide; GIS; Contributing weight model; Hazard
   zoning
ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; RIVER; AREA; MAPS
AB Earthquake-triggered landslides have aroused widespread attention because of their tremendous ability to harm people's lives and properties. The best way to avoid and mitigate their damage is to develop landslide hazard maps and make them available to the public in advance of an earthquake. Future construction can then be built according to the level of hazard and existing structures can be retrofit as necessary. During recent years various approaches have been made to develop landslide hazard maps using statistical analysis or physical models. However, these methods have limitations. This study introduces a new GIS-based approach, using the contributing weight model, to evaluate the hazard of seismically-induced landslides. In this study, the city and surrounding area of Dujiangyan was selected as the research area because of its moderate-high seismic activity. The parameters incorporated into the model that related to the probability of landslide occurrence were: slope gradient, slope aspect, geomorphology, lithology, base level, surface roughness, earthquake intensity, fault proximity, drainage proximity, and road proximity. The parameters were converted into raster data format with a resolution of 25x25m(2) pixels. Analysis of the GIS correlations shows that the highest earthquake-induced landslide hazard areas are mainly in the hills and in some of the moderately steep mountainous areas of central Dujiangyan. The highest hazard zone covers an area of 11.1% of the study area, and the density distribution of seismically-induced landslides was 3.025/km(2) from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The moderately hazardous areas are mainly distributed within the moderately steep mountainous regions of the northern and southeastern parts of the study area and the hills of the northeastern part; covering 32.0% of the study area and with a density distribution of 2.123/km(2) resulting from the Wenchuan earthquake. The lowest hazard areas are mainly distributed in the topographically flat plain in the northeastern part and some of the relatively gently slopes in the moderately steep mountainous areas of the northern part of Dujiangyan and the surrounding area. The lowest hazard areas cover 56.9% of the study area and exhibited landslide densities of 0.941/km(2) and less from the Wenchuan earthquake. The quality of the hazard map was validated using a comparison with the distribution of landslides that were cataloged as occurring from the Wenchuan earthquake. 43.1% of the study area consists of high and moderate hazardous zones, and these regions include 83.5% of landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake. The successful analysis shows that the contributing weight model can be effective for earthquake-triggered landslide hazard appraisal. The model's results can provide the basis for risk management and regional planning is.
C1 [Wang Meng; Qiao Jianping; He Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Geosurface Proc & Mt Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Meng] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Wang, M (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Geosurface Proc & Mt Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM wm@imde.ac.cn
TC 21
Z9 24
PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 7
IS 4
BP 339
EP 352
DI 10.1007/s11629-010-2054-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000284074700004
ER

PT J
AU Tang, HM
   Liu, X
   Hu, XL
   Griffiths, DV
AF Tang, Hui-Ming
   Liu, Xiao
   Hu, Xin-Li
   Griffiths, D. V.
TI Evaluation of landslide mechanisms characterized by high-speed mass
   ejection and long-run-out based on events following the Wenchuan
   earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; High-speed and long-run-out; Seismic hazard; Formation
   mechanism; Reliability analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
ID SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; SELF-LUBRICATION;
   BEICHUAN AREA; CHINA; RELIABILITY; AVALANCHES; HAZARD
AB In the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the mass ejection type of high-speed and long-run-out landslide was an unusual hazard characterized by its dramatic phenomenon of a huge slope mass launching into the air and becoming airborne for a long distance. Quantitative and qualitative combined techniques were applied to reveal the formation mechanism of this type of landslide. Four prerequisites critical to form mass ejection are identified: high position of the toe of the surface of rupture, critical height and critical inclination of slope, sufficient open space in the movement direction, and adequate take-off speed of ski-jump-like mass ejection. These four area-specific prerequisites provide a promising approach for screening and targeting the potential landslides. Subsequently, a dynamic reliability analysis method that considers the feature of energy-time distribution is proposed. This site-specific method provides a more credible evaluation by emphasizing the most significant period within the whole earthquake duration. Finally, an aerodynamic inverse method combined with an energy-conservation-based method is applied in the quantitative evaluation to calculate take-off speed of mass ejection. This paper provides a viable solution for regional screening and site assessment for new potential targets of this type of landslide. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tang, Hui-Ming; Liu, Xiao; Hu, Xin-Li] China Univ Geosci, Gorges Res Ctr Geohazards 3, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Xiao; Griffiths, D. V.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
C3 China University of Geosciences; Colorado School of Mines
RP Liu, X (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Gorges Res Ctr Geohazards 3, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
EM tanghm@cug.edu.cn; liuxiao@cug.edu.cn; huxli2000@163.com;
   d.v.griffiths@mines.edu
TC 39
Z9 51
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG 26
PY 2015
VL 194
SI SI
BP 12
EP 24
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.01.004
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000360416400003
ER

PT J
AU Wang, ZQ
   Lee, GC
AF Wang Zhiqiang
   Lee, George C.
TI A comparative study of bridge damage due to the Wenchuan, Northridge,
   Loma Prieta and San Fernando earthquakes
SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING VIBRATION
DT Article
DE bridge damage; Wenchuan earthquake; Northridge earthquake; Loma Prieta
   earthquake; San Fernando earthquake; ground motion; liquefaction;
   landslide
ID DESIGN
AB A comparative study of selected bridge damage due to the Wenchuan, Northridge, Loma Prieta and San Fernando earthquakes is described in this paper. Typical ground motion effects considered include large ground fault displacement, liquefaction, landslide, and strong ground shaking. Issues related to falling spans, inadequate detailing for structural ductility and complex bridge configurations are discussed within the context of the recent seismic design codes of China and the US. A significant lesson learned from the Great Wenchuan earthquake, far beyond the opportunities to improve the seismic design provisions for bridges, is articulated.
C1 [Lee, George C.] SUNY Buffalo, MCEER, Dept Civil Struct & Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA.
   [Wang Zhiqiang] Tongji Univ, Dept Bridge Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
C3 State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY;
   Tongji University
RP Lee, GC (corresponding author), SUNY Buffalo, MCEER, Dept Civil Struct & Environm Engn, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA.
EM gclee@buffalo.edu
TC 76
Z9 86
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1671-3664
EI 1993-503X
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 8
IS 2
BP 251
EP 261
DI 10.1007/s11803-009-9063-y
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000267485500008
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, C
   Yin, YP
   Cui, FP
   Luo, W
   Li, HW
   Li, JS
AF Xiong, Chen
   Yin, Yueping
   Cui, Fangpeng
   Luo, Wei
   Li, Haowen
   Li, Jiangshan
TI Damage features and dynamic formation mechanism of the Tangjiashan
   landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake with a composite
   hypocenter
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Composite hypocenter; hypocenter mechanism; Tangjiashan landslide;
   dynamic response mechanism; block discrete element method simulation
ID MOTION SIMULATION; SOURCE MODEL; CHINA
AB The Wenchuan earthquake triggered many landslides, which caused many casualties and led to considerable property losses. Due to the compositionality of the hypocenter mechanism of the Wenchuan earthquake, research on the effects of a composite hypocenter on the dynamic responses of landslides is urgently necessary. Using geological field investigations, a block discrete element method simulation, and related theoretical analysis, the dynamic formation mechanism and main controlling mechanical factors of the Tangjiashan landslide were revealed. The results demonstrated the following. Firstly, the dynamic responses of the slope involved progressive deformation, critical failure, disintegration, fragmentation, collision, climb, return, and accumulation. Secondly, when the earthquake lasted for approximately 23 s, the critical failure occurred, and the sliding mass near the shoulder reached a vertical acceleration of approximately 2.8 g at this time. Thirdly, the second and third subhypocenters contributed to the progressive deformation and critical failure, and vertical seismic forces were dominant contributions to these responses. Fourthly, the disintegration, fragmentation, collision, climb, return, and accumulation were mainly controlled by the self-gravity and local topography and were slightly influenced by subhypocenters. Based on these conclusions, the study of the dynamic formation mechanism of this type of landslide has increased the level of understanding.
C1 [Xiong, Chen; Cui, Fangpeng; Luo, Wei; Li, Haowen; Li, Jiangshan] China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, Coll Geosci & Surveying Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Xiong, Chen; Cui, Fangpeng; Luo, Wei; Li, Haowen; Li, Jiangshan] Natl Engn Res Ctr Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlli, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Yin, Yueping] China Inst Geol Environm Monitoring, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Mining & Technology
RP Xiong, C; Cui, FP (corresponding author), China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, Coll Geosci & Surveying Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Xiong, C; Cui, FP (corresponding author), Natl Engn Res Ctr Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlli, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM xiongc@student.cumtb.edu.cn; cuifp@cumtb.edu.cn
TC 5
Z9 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD DEC 31
PY 2023
VL 14
IS 1
AR 2232081
DI 10.1080/19475705.2023.2232081
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:001020123400001
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   Rossiter, DG
   van Westen, CJ
   Xu, Q
   Görüm, T
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   Rossiter, David G.
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Xu, Qiang
   Gorum, Tolga
TI Empirical prediction of coseismic landslide dam formation
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
DT Article
DE landslide dam; runout prediction; volume threshold; multivariate
   regression; Wenchuan earthquake
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT;
   DEBRIS FLOWS; BREAK FLOOD; MODEL; STABILITY; INCISION; MOBILITY; PATTERN
AB In this study we develop an empirical method to estimate the volume threshold for predicting coseismic landslide dam formation using landscape parameters obtained from digital elevation models (DEMs). We hypothesize that the potential runout and volume of landslides, together with river features, determine the likelihood of the formation of a landslide dam. To develop this method, a database was created by randomly selecting 140 damming and 200 non-damming landslides from 501 landslide dams and>60 000 landslides induced by the M-w 7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. We used this database to parameterize empirical runout models by stepwise multivariate regression. We find that factors controlling landslide runout are landslide initiation volume, landslide type, internal relief (H) and the H/L ratio (between H and landslide horizontal distance to river, L). In order to obtain a first volume threshold for a landslide to reach a river, the runout regression equations were converted into inverse volume equations by taking the runout to be the distance to river. A second volume threshold above which a landslide is predicted to block a river was determined by the correlation between river width and landslide volume of the known damming landslides. The larger of these two thresholds was taken as the final damming threshold. This method was applied to several landslide types over a fine geographic grid of assumed initiation points in a selected catchment. The overall prediction accuracy was 97.4% and 86.0% for non-damming and damming landslides, respectively. The model was further tested by predicting the damming landslides over the whole region, with promising results. We conclude that our method is robust and reliable for the Wenchuan event. In combination with pre-event landslide susceptibility and frequency-size assessments, it can be used to predict likely damming locations of future coseismic landslides, thereby helping to plan emergency response. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, Xuanmei; Rossiter, David G.; van Westen, Cees J.; Gorum, Tolga] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Twente
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
EM fanxuanmei@gmail.com
TC 61
Z9 69
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0197-9337
EI 1096-9837
PD NOV
PY 2014
VL 39
IS 14
BP 1913
EP 1926
DI 10.1002/esp.3585
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000344323600007
ER

PT J
AU Xu, FG
   Yang, XG
   Zhou, JW
   Hao, MH
AF Xu, Fu-gang
   Yang, Xing-guo
   Zhou, Jia-wen
   Hao, Ming-hui
TI Experimental Research on the Dam-Break Mechanisms of the Jiadanwan
   Landslide Dam Triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake in China
SO SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL
DT Article
ID FLOW SIMULATION; CHANNEL; WAVE
AB Dam breaks of landslide dams are always accompanied by large numbers of casualties, a large loss of property, and negative influences on the downstream ecology and environment. This study uses the Jiadanwan landslide dam, created by the Wenchuan earthquake, as a case study example. Several laboratory experiments are carried out to analyse the dam-break mechanism of the landslide dam. The different factors that impact the dam-break process include upstream flow, the boulder effect, dam size, and channel discharge. The development of the discharge channel and the failure of the landslide dam are monitored by digital video and still cameras. Experimental results show that the upstream inflow and the dam size are the main factors that impact the dam-break process. An excavated discharge channel, especially a trapezoidal discharge channel, has a positive effect on reducing peak flow. The depth of the discharge channel also has a significant impact on the dam-break process. The experimental results are significant for landslide dam management and flood disaster prevention and mitigation.
C1 [Xu, Fu-gang; Yang, Xing-guo; Zhou, Jia-wen] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Jia-wen] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Hao, Ming-hui] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Chengdu University of Technology; Sichuan University
RP Zhou, JW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM jwzhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 15
Z9 19
PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1537-744X
PY 2013
AR 272363
DI 10.1155/2013/272363
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000320544100001
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   Juang, CH
   Wasowski, J
   Huang, RQ
   Xu, Q
   Scaringi, G
   van Westen, CJ
   Havenith, HB
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   Juang, C. Hsein
   Wasowski, Janusz
   Huang, Runqiu
   Xu, Qiang
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Havenith, Hans-Balder
TI What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its
   aftermath: A decade of research and challenges
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; Geo-hazards; Co-seismic landslides; Post-seismic
   debris flows; Landslide remobilization; Landscape evolution
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; 13 AUGUST 2010;
   POSTSEISMIC LANDSLIDES; MASS MOVEMENTS; DAMS; AREA; HAZARDS; SICHUAN;
   MODEL
AB The 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake (Sichuan, China) was possibly the largest and most destructive recent earthquake as far as the geo-hazards are concerned. Of the nearly 200,000 landslides triggered originally, many remobilized within a few years after the initial event by rainfall, which often caused catastrophic debris flows. The cascades of geo-hazards related to the Wenchuan Earthquake motivated research worldwide to investigate the triggering and mechanisms of co-seismic landslides, their rainfall-induced remobilization, the generation of debris flows, the evolution of their controlling factors, and the long-term role of earthquakes in shaping the topography. On the eve of the 10th anniversary of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, we present a short review of the recent advances in these topics, discuss the challenges faced in the earthquake-related geo-hazards mitigation practice, and suggest priorities and guidelines for future research.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; Huang, Runqiu; Xu, Qiang; Scaringi, Gianvito] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Juang, C. Hsein] Clemson Univ, Glenn Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
   [Wasowski, Janusz] CNR, Ist Ric Protez Idrogeol, Bari, Italy.
   [van Westen, Cees J.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Havenith, Hans-Balder] Univ Liege, Georisques & Environm, Liege, Belgium.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Clemson University; Consiglio
   Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione
   Idrogeologica (IRPI-CNR); University of Twente; University of Liege
RP Huang, RQ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Juang, CH (corresponding author), Clemson Univ, Glenn Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
EM hsein@clemson.edu; 706618681@qq.com
TC 222
Z9 239
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JUL 26
PY 2018
VL 241
BP 25
EP 32
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.05.004
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000436219400003
ER

PT J
AU Liu, F
   Fu, BH
   Yang, SH
AF Liu Feng
   Fu Bi-Hong
   Yang Shun-Hu
TI Time response of river evacuation of great earthquake-induced landslide
   mass in the Longmen Shan region: a cast study of the 2008 Wenchuan great
   earthquake
SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Earthquake-induced landslide; Evacuation time;
   Geomorphic evolution; Asthenospheric upwelling; Longmen Shan
ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; SURFACE RUPTURE; MOUNTAIN BELT; UPPER-MANTLE; FAULT
   ZONE; INCISION; UPLIFT; RATES; TOMOGRAPHY; MECHANISM
AB Great earthquakes play an active role in geomorphic evolution of orogenic belts, and the time response of river evacuation of landslide mass induced by great earthquakes is a key aspect in the field of tectonic geomorphology. Here we quantitatively estimate the time response of unloading of the coseimsic landslide mass and sediments due to the 2008 Wenchuan great earthquake by the Minjiang River, flowing across the NE-trending Longmen Shan belt in easternmost Tibet. Assuming a steady state transport capacity of landslide mass the same as that of the modern Minjiang River, our results indicate that a full withdrawal of the landslide mass generated by the Wenchuan earthquake needs to take 3100 years. This timescale is similar to the recurrence interval of great seismic events (similar to 3000 years) like the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in central Longmen Shan. Such consistency suggests an approximate balance between production and erosion of coseismic landslide mass within the recurrence interval of great seismic events in this region. This process of mass unloading may also cause isostatic rebound of the crust beneath this region in addition to other surface processes. The consequent uplift, together with the tectonic shortening and uplift caused by repeated large seismic events, collectively result in the steepest topographic margin in the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. Recent geophysical imaging shows a potential of upwelling of asthenospheric materials beneath this region that we interpret as a result of rapid surface unloading induced by repeated great earthquakes.
C1 [Liu Feng; Fu Bi-Hong; Yang Shun-Hu] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Earths Deep Interior, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Liu, F (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Earths Deep Interior, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM fubihong@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 10
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0001-5733
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 56
IS 5
BP 1517
EP 1525
DI 10.6038/cjg20130510
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000319781400010
ER

PT J
AU Su, FH
   Cui, P
   Zhang, JQ
   Xiang, LZ
AF Su Fenghuan
   Cui Peng
   Zhang Jianqiang
   Xiang Lingzhi
TI Susceptibility assessment of landslides caused by the wenchuan
   earthquake using a logistic regression model
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Wenchuan Earthquake; GIS; logistic regression;
   certainty factor
ID GIS; ZONATION
AB The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 caused numerous collapses, landslides, barrier lakes, and debris flows. Landslide susceptibility mapping is important for evaluation of environmental capacity and also as a guide for post-earthquake reconstruction. In this paper, a logistic regression model was developed within the framework of GIS to map landslide susceptibility. Qingchuan County, a heavily affected area, was selected for the study. Distribution of landslides was prepared by interpretation of multi-temporal and multi-resolution remote sensing images (ADS40 aerial imagery, SPOT5 imagery and TM imagery, etc.) and field surveys. The Certainly Factor method was used to find the influencial factors, indicating that lithologic groups, distance from major faults, slope angle, profile curvature, and altitude are the dominant factors influencing landslides. The weight of each factor was determined using a binomial logistic regression model. Landslide susceptibility mapping was based on spatial overlay analysis and divided into five classes. Major faults have the most significant impact, and landslides will occur most likely in areas near the faults. Onethird of the area has a high or very high susceptibility, located in the northeast, south and southwest, including 65.3% of all landslides coincident with the earthquake. The susceptibility map can reveal the likelihood of future failures, and it will be useful for planners during the rebuilding process and for future zoning issues.
C1 [Su Fenghuan; Cui Peng; Zhang Jianqiang; Xiang Lingzhi] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Land Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Su Fenghuan; Cui Peng; Zhang Jianqiang; Xiang Lingzhi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang Jianqiang; Xiang Lingzhi] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Land Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 27
Z9 32
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
PD SEP
PY 2010
VL 7
IS 3
BP 234
EP 245
DI 10.1007/s11629-010-2015-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000280555900004
ER

PT J
AU Cui, P
   Xiang, LZ
   Zou, Q
AF Cui Peng
   Xiang Ling-zhi
   Zou Qiang
TI Risk assessment of highways affected by debris flows in Wenchuan
   earthquake area
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Highway disaster; Hazard analysis; Vulnerability analysis;
   Risk analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
AB Since the Wenchuan earthquake in China on May 12(th), 2008, highways in earthquake-affected areas have been frequently interrupted by debris flows. We analyzed the hazard effect modes and damage processes along highways and developed three key indexes, scale of debris flows, deposits on highways and river blockage, to describe quantitatively the highway disasters. By combining the empirical methods and the actual terrain conditions, we proposed new methods to determine the value of hazard indexes. In addition, we used the economic value and resistance of highway as vulnerability assessment indexes, then determined the specific subindexes for the subgrade, bridges and culverts, and developed a way for the quantified vulnerability zoning. Moreover, we proposed the assessment and mapping methods for highway risk. The risk is described into 5 grades: extremely low risk, low risk, middle risk, high risk and extremely high risk. We applied these methods in a case study carried out on provincial highway S303 from Yingxiu Town to Wolong Town, in Wenchuan County. Analysis of debris flow risk for the whole highway, showed that the total length of highway in extremely low risk area was 28.26 km, 4.83 km in low risk area, 8.0 km in middle risk area, 3.65 km in high risk area, and 3.06 km in extremely high risk area. The assessment results are consistent with the field survey data which reflected the disaster situation. This risk method can be used objectively to evaluate the debris-flow risk along highways, and is useful for highway reconstruction in mountainous areas suffering from active debris flows.
C1 [Cui Peng; Zou Qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Xiang Ling-zhi] Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Chongqing, Peoples R China.
   [Zou Qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Zou Qiang] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Environm & Resource, Chongqing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chongqing Jiaotong University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Southwest
   University of Science & Technology - China
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 50
Z9 62
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2013
VL 10
IS 2
BP 173
EP 189
DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2575-y
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000317352800001
ER

PT J
AU Cui, SH
   Pei, XJ
   Huang, RQ
   Zhu, L
   Yang, HL
   Liang, YF
   Zhu, C
AF Cui, Shenghua
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Huang, Runqiu
   Zhu, Ling
   Yang, Hailong
   Liang, Yufei
   Zhu, Chun
TI The analysis of seismic induced progressive instability and failure
   mechanisms: A case study
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Initiation mechanism; Co-seismic landslide;
   Newmark; Energy
ID TRIGGERED DAGUANGBAO LANDSLIDE; CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; TSAOLING LANDSLIDE;
   DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   STRONG-MOTION; ROCK SLOPES; VELOCITY; MOVEMENT
AB The 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake triggered a catastrophic landslide, i.e., the Daguangbao (DGB) landslide (1.2 x 10(9) m(3)). Its shear failure occurred within a deep-seated (average depth of 400 m) saturated carbonate bedding fault in the Paleozoic Formation. The frequent seismic events in the tectonic belt make the landslide initiation mechanism more complex. Shake table tests were conducted on the DGB landslide to understand the coupling effect of multiple earthquakes, geology and hydrology. The results showed that the multiple earthquakes weakened the friction coefficient as the Boltzmann function on the sliding surface of the landslide. The friction law of the basal surface related to seismic energy was established and incorporated into the Newmark analysis. And the seismic energy consumed in the steep scarp surface release of landslide during an earthquake is also considered. It found that the traditional Newmark model overestimates the time for earthquake-induced landslides due to ignoring the steep scarp surface release stage. It proposed that evaluating pre-earthquake induced slope damage, and critical seismic energy for triggering co-seismic landslides are important for predicting post-seismic landslides.
C1 [Cui, Shenghua; Pei, Xiangjun; Huang, Runqiu; Yang, Hailong; Liang, Yufei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Ling] Cent South Univ, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Chun] Hohai Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Central South University; Hohai
   University
RP Pei, XJ; Huang, RQ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM cuishenghua18@cdut.edu.cn; peixj0119@tom.com; hrq@cdut.edu.cn;
   zhuling.cdut@gmail.com; 2402635703@qq.com; Leelyf@outlook.com;
   zhu.chun@hhu.edu.cn
TC 13
Z9 15
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1365-1609
EI 1873-4545
PD FEB
PY 2024
VL 174
AR 105646
DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105646
EA JAN 2024
SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing
UT WOS:001164175200001
ER

PT J
AU Qiao, G
   Lu, P
   Scaioni, M
   Xu, SY
   Tong, XH
   Feng, TT
   Wu, HB
   Chen, W
   Tian, YX
   Wang, WA
   Li, RX
AF Qiao, Gang
   Lu, Ping
   Scaioni, Marco
   Xu, Shuying
   Tong, Xiaohua
   Feng, Tiantian
   Wu, Hangbin
   Chen, Wen
   Tian, Yixiang
   Wang, Weian
   Li, Rongxing
TI Landslide Investigation with Remote Sensing and Sensor Network: From
   Susceptibility Mapping and Scaled-down Simulation towards in situ
   Sensor Network Design
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslide; sensor network; susceptibility mapping; remote sensing
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; HAZARD
   ASSESSMENT; SICHUAN PROVINCE; LIKELIHOOD RATIO; FREQUENCY RATIO;
   BEICHUAN AREA; INTERFEROMETRY; RAINFALL
AB This paper presents an integrated approach to landslide research based on remote sensing and sensor networks. This approach is composed of three important parts: (i) landslide susceptibility mapping using remote-sensing techniques for susceptible determination of landslide spots; (ii) scaled-down landslide simulation experiments for validation of sensor network for landslide monitoring, and (iii) in situ sensor network deployment for intensified landslide monitoring. The study site is the Taziping landslide located in Hongkou Town (Sichuan, China). The landslide features generated by landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake were first extracted by means of object-oriented methods from the remote-sensing images before and after the landslides events. On the basis of correlations derived between spatial distribution of landslides and control factors, the landslide susceptibility mapping was carried out using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique. Then the Taziping landslide, located in the above mentioned study area, was taken as an example to design and implement a scaled-down landslide simulation platform in Tongji University (Shanghai, China). The landslide monitoring sensors were carefully investigated and deployed for rainfall induced landslide simulation experiments. Finally, outcomes from the simulation experiments were adopted and employed to design the future in situ sensor network in Taziping landslide site where the sensor deployment is being implemented.
C1 [Qiao, Gang; Lu, Ping; Scaioni, Marco; Xu, Shuying; Tong, Xiaohua; Feng, Tiantian; Wu, Hangbin; Chen, Wen; Tian, Yixiang; Wang, Weian; Li, Rongxing] Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Sustainable Dev Applic, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Rongxing] Ohio State Univ, Mapping & GIS Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
C3 Tongji University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
RP Lu, P (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Sustainable Dev Applic, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM qiaogang@tongji.edu.cn; luping@tongji.edu.cn; marco@tongji.edu.cn;
   shadowice0810@163.com; xhtong@tongji.edu.cn; fengtiantian@tongji.edu.cn;
   hb@tongji.edu.cn; chenwen_ecnu@126.com; tianyixiang@tongji.edu.cn;
   weian@tongji.edu.cn; li.282@osu.edu
TC 45
Z9 48
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-4292
PD SEP
PY 2013
VL 5
IS 9
BP 4319
EP 4346
DI 10.3390/rs5094319
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000328613300009
ER

PT J
AU Du, C
   Yao, LK
   Shakya, S
   Li, LG
   Sun, XD
AF Du Cui
   Yao Ling-kan
   Shakya, Subhashsagar
   Li Lun-gui
   Sun Xiao-dan
TI Damming of large river by debris flow: Dynamic process and particle
   composition
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Damming large river; Criteria; Run-out distance; Grain
   composition
AB The frequency and extent of debris flows have increased tremendously due to the extreme weather and the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Previous studies focused on the debris flow from gullies damming the mountain streams. In this paper, an equation for the run-out distance of debris flow in the main river is proposed based on the dynamic equation of debris flow at different slopes given by Takahashi. By undertaking field investigations and flume experiments, a new calculation method of the volume of debris flow damming large river is obtained. Using the percolation theory and the renormalization group theory it was deduced that the large particles should comprise more than 50% for forming a stable debris flow dam. Hence, the criteria of damming large river by debris flow is presented in terms of run-out distance and grain composition which was then validated through the event of damming river by debris flow at Gaojia gully, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan, China, on July 3, 2011.
C1 [Du Cui; Yao Ling-kan; Shakya, Subhashsagar; Li Lun-gui; Sun Xiao-dan] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Yao Ling-kan] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Yao Ling-kan] Rd & Railway Engn Res Inst, Sichuan Key Lab Aseism Engn & Technol, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Yao, LK (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM ducui0125@163.com; yaolk@home.swjtu.edu.cn
TC 10
Z9 11
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAY
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 3
BP 634
EP 643
DI 10.1007/s11629-012-2568-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000336319100006
ER

PT J
AU Tang, R
   Fan, XM
   Scaringi, G
   Xu, Q
   van Westen, CJ
   Ren, J
   Havenith, HB
AF Tang, Ran
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Xu, Qiang
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Ren, Jing
   Havenith, Hans-Balder
TI Distinctive controls on the distribution of river-damming and
   non-damming landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslide; Landslide dam; Wenchuan earthquake; Controlling factors;
   Weight of evidence
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SPATIAL PREDICTION MODELS; EASTERN MARGIN;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; TIBETAN PLATEAU; HAZARD; WEIGHTS; GIS;
   SICHUAN; INCISION
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (China, M-w 7.9) highlighted the importance of assessing and mitigating the hazards from co-seismic landslides and landslide dams. The seismic shaking triggered hundreds of thousands of landslides, about 800 of which dammed the course of rivers. To understand whether distinctive factors concurred with the river-damming events, we analyzed the spatial patterns of the river-damming landslides and the non-damming landslides separately, with reference to a number of possible controlling factors. Then, we quantified the significance of these factors using the weight of evidence method, and we used the results to perform a susceptibility assessment in a portion of the earthquake-affected region to verify the effectiveness of the method. We find that the distance to the fault surface rupture, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and lithology play a controlling role for co-seismic landslides of any type. The occurrence of river-damming landslides, rather than by a specific lithology or topography, is more related to hydrological factors, while topographic controls (slope, internal relief and terrain roughness) are more significant for the non-damming landslides.
C1 [Tang, Ran; Fan, Xuanmei; Scaringi, Gianvito; Xu, Qiang; Ren, Jing] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, Xuanmei; Scaringi, Gianvito] Chengdu Univ Technol, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [van Westen, Cees J.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Havenith, Hans-Balder] Univ Liege, Georisques & Environm, Liege, Belgium.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   University of Twente; University of Liege
RP Fan, XM; Scaringi, G (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Fan, XM; Scaringi, G (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com; g.scaringi@qq.com
TC 19
Z9 19
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD SEP
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 6
BP 4075
EP 4093
DI 10.1007/s10064-018-1381-8
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000482240400016
ER

PT J
AU Li, N
   Wang, R
   Deng, YK
   Liu, YB
   Wang, CL
   Balz, T
   Li, BC
AF Li, Ning
   Wang, Robert
   Deng, Yunkai
   Liu, Yabo
   Wang, Chunle
   Balz, Timo
   Li, Bochen
TI Polarimetric Response of Landslides at X-Band Following the Wenchuan
   Earthquake
SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
DT Article
DE Earthquake; landslides; polarimetric response; X-band
ID MARCH 11; SAR; CLASSIFICATION; DECOMPOSITION; SIMILARITY; DISASTER
AB A fully polarimetric response of landslide areas at X-band was studied by a Chinese high-resolution airborne synthetic aperture radar system. Polarimetric decompositions, including the Yamaguchi four-component decomposition and the Cloude decomposition, are used to analyze the scattering mechanisms of several typical landslides caused by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in southwestern China. The experimental results indicate that areas affected by large-scale landslides show complicated scattering mechanisms at X-band, which are a mixture of surface, double bounce, and volume scattering. Simple classification results based on supervised Wishart classifier and polarimetric scattering similarity parameters are also presented, which can distinguish landslide areas from others, such as forest and water, very well. However, it does not perform well for urban areas. Additional information, such as prelandslide imagery, is needed to distinguish landslide areas from urban areas or bare soil. From these results, we can conclude that landslide mapping using fully polarimetric data has great potential for rapid response and management of landslide disasters.
C1 [Li, Ning; Wang, Robert; Deng, Yunkai; Liu, Yabo; Wang, Chunle; Li, Bochen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Elect, Dept Space Microwave Remote Sensing Syst, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.
   [Balz, Timo] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Electronics, CAS; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS;
   Wuhan University
RP Li, N (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Elect, Dept Space Microwave Remote Sensing Syst, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
EM lining_nuaa@163.com; yuwang@mail.ie.ac.cn; balz@whu.edu.cn;
   ybliu@mail.ie.ac.cn
TC 15
Z9 16
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1545-598X
EI 1558-0571
PD OCT
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 10
BP 1722
EP 1726
DI 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2306820
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
   & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000337174100012
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZZ
   Duan, XW
   Huang, JC
   Dong, YF
   Zhang, XB
   Liu, J
   Yang, C
AF Yang, Zaizhi
   Duan, Xingwu
   Huang, Jiangcheng
   Dong, Yifan
   Zhang, Xinbao
   Liu, Jiang
   Yang, Cheng
TI Tracking long-term cascade check dam siltation: implications for debris
   flow control and landslide stability
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Cascade check dam; Silting process; Geomorphic change;
   Debris flow prevention benefit
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CENTRAL PYRENEES; 1996 BIESCAS; MITIGATION;
   DISASTER; DESIGN; IMPACT
AB Check dams represent one of the most important engineering solutions for debris flow prevention and control in mountainous terrains. However, the dynamics of siltation processes behind cascade check dams and siltation effects on check dam efficiency remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the long-term silting processes and their effect on the development and propagation of debris flows at the cascade check dam in Hunshui Gully (HSG) in southwestern China. Multi-source topographic data from different time periods were combined with information on the frequency of debris flows over a 53-year period to determine silting processes behind check dams. Our results showed that (1) the siltation area behind check dams increased over 10 times from 1978 to 2019, reaching 26.28 +/- 0.02 ha; (2) the slope of the channels first decreased and then increased, the slopes of the branch channels and the main channel exhibited a stepwise difference, and headward siltation at anaphase was present; (3) the cascade check dam group in HSG intercepted and stabilized a total of 40 +/- 0.96 Mm(3) of sediment in 45 years, which was 4 times more than the amount that was transported. We concluded that the cascade check dam group in HSG ensured effective debris flow control, and that the siltation behind check dams had significant functions in debris flow control and prevention. Moreover, the cascade check dam group possessed the functions of storage, energy dissipation, channel consolidation, and slope stabilization at different silting periods.
C1 [Yang, Zaizhi; Duan, Xingwu; Huang, Jiangcheng; Dong, Yifan; Liu, Jiang; Yang, Cheng] Yunnan Univ, Inst Int Rivers & Ecosecur, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zaizhi; Duan, Xingwu; Huang, Jiangcheng; Dong, Yifan; Liu, Jiang; Yang, Cheng] Yunnan Key Lab Int Rivers & Transboundary Ecosecu, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zaizhi] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Geog & Planning, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Xinbao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Yunnan University; Sun Yat Sen University; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Huang, JC (corresponding author), Yunnan Univ, Inst Int Rivers & Ecosecur, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China.; Huang, JC (corresponding author), Yunnan Key Lab Int Rivers & Transboundary Ecosecu, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
EM jchuang@ynu.edu.cn
TC 12
Z9 16
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 12
BP 3923
EP 3935
DI 10.1007/s10346-021-01755-w
EA SEP 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000695204900001
ER

PT J
AU Huang, RQ
AF Huang Runqiu
TI Geo-engineering lessons learned from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in
   Sichuan and their significance to reconstruction
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; Geohazard; Reconstruction
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan of China was the result of quake-triggering along an active several hundred-kilometer-long fault. The subsequent landslides and debris flow geohazards are dominating factors in planning post-disaster recovery and rebuilding. This paper presents recommendations for coping with large-scale geohazards and disasters. It is essential to establish a national emergency management system for huge scale catastrophe and earthquake precursor identification. Town construction must be kept away from active faults, especially to improve town safety in areas with high risk of seismic and geological hazards, and it is important to improve geohazard investigation and remediation for mountain areas that have become loosened by earthquake activity. Geological factors must be better understood to reduce direct and secondary risks and effects of earthquakes. Site selections for public relocation require clear and informed analysis of geological and social risk reduction, so that relocation, infrastructure reconstruction, and commemorative relic-sites can be protected.
C1 Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Huang, RQ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM hrq@cdut.edu.cn
TC 12
Z9 14
PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 2
BP 176
EP 189
DI 10.1007/s11629-011-2103-x
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000289004600009
ER

PT J
AU Zheng, HY
   Liu, B
   Han, SY
   Fan, XY
   Zou, TY
   Zhou, ZL
   Gong, H
AF Zheng, Huangyuying
   Liu, Bin
   Han, Suyue
   Fan, Xinyue
   Zou, Tianyi
   Zhou, Zhongli
   Gong, Hao
TI Research on landslide hazard spatial prediction models based on deep
   neural networks: a case study of northwest Sichuan, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide hazard; DNN; Landslide spatial prediction
   modeling
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FREQUENCY RATIO; SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT;
   CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; GEOCHEMICAL ANOMALIES; ENTROPY; INDEX;
   EVOLUTION; ZONATION; REGION
AB The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 induced thousands of geological hazards. Among them, earthquake-induced landslides are extremely disastrous, causing considerable social and economic losses and damage to the ecology and environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately predict the spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslides. The research in this paper focuses on ten extremely earthquake-stricken areas of the Wenchuan earthquake; landslide hazard data are collected from the study areas, and the terrain information entropy, distance to rivers, distance to faults, distance to roads, lithology, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), peak ground acceleration (PGA) and other landslide conditioning factors are extracted. Combined with a deep neural network (DNN), a landslide hazard spatial prediction model is constructed. Through Dataset 1 and Dataset 2, which are generated randomly, the training dataset (70%) and the validation dataset (30%) are divided to verify the robustness and accuracy of the model, and the landslide susceptibility map of the study area is obtained. Moreover, considering the area under curve (AUC), the impacts of different conditioning factors on the landslide hazard prediction model are analyzed. The research results show that the DNN-based landslide hazard spatial prediction model (AUC(Mean) = 93.66%, Recall(Mean) = 85.70%) has a better prediction performance in the training step. From the validation step, the influences of various factors on the spatial prediction model of landslide hazards established in this paper (from high to low) are as follows: distance to faults, lithology, distance to rivers, PGA, terrain information entropy, NDVI, and distance to roads. The landslide hazard point data and landslide susceptibility map are highly consistent, indicating that the application of a deep learning algorithm in hazard susceptibility assessment is effective and can provide a scientific basis for landslide hazard early warning and disaster prevention and mitigation in mountainous areas prone to earthquake disasters.
C1 [Zheng, Huangyuying; Liu, Bin; Han, Suyue; Fan, Xinyue; Zhou, Zhongli] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Bin; Zou, Tianyi; Zhou, Zhongli; Gong, Hao] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Math & Phys, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Bin; Han, Suyue; Fan, Xinyue; Zhou, Zhongli; Gong, Hao] Geomath Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zheng, Huangyuying] Chengdu Univ Informat Technol, Coll Culture & Arts, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Chengdu University of Information Technology
RP Liu, B; Zhou, ZL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Liu, B; Zhou, ZL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Math & Phys, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Liu, B; Zhou, ZL (corresponding author), Geomath Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM liubincim@163.com; zzl@cdut.edu.cn
TC 13
Z9 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD MAY
PY 2022
VL 81
IS 9
AR 258
DI 10.1007/s12665-022-10369-x
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000784984600001
ER

PT J
AU Guo, XJ
   Cui, P
   Li, Y
   Ma, L
   Ge, YG
   Mahoney, WB
AF Guo, Xiaojun
   Cui, Peng
   Li, Yong
   Ma, Li
   Ge, Yonggang
   Mahoney, William B.
TI Intensity-duration threshold of rainfall-triggered debris flows in the
   Wenchuan Earthquake affected area, China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flows; I-D relationship; Loose material; Rainfall thresholds;
   Wenchuan Earthquake affected area
ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; INITIATION; FLOODS
AB The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake has greatly altered the rainfall threshold for debris flows in the affected areas. This study explores the local intensity-duration (I-D) relationship based on 252 post-earthquake debris flows. It was found that I = 525 D-0.76 accounts for more than 98% of the debris flow occurrences with rainfall duration between 1 and 135 h; therefore the curve defines the threshold for debris flows in the study area. This gives much lower thresholds than those proposed by the previous studies, suggesting that the earthquake has greatly decreased the thresholds in the past years. Moreover, the rainfall thresholds appear to increase annually in the period of 2008-2013, and present a logarithmic increasing tendency, indicating that the thresholds will recover in the future decades. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Guo, Xiaojun; Cui, Peng; Li, Yong; Ge, Yonggang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Xiaojun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Li] Sichuan Meteorol Adm, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China.
   [Mahoney, William B.] Int Eros Control Assoc, Denver, CO 80207 USA.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau
   Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 121
Z9 132
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JAN 15
PY 2016
VL 253
BP 208
EP 216
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.10.009
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000367114100019
ER

PT J
AU Xing, AG
   Xu, Q
   Gan, JJ
AF Xing, A. G.
   Xu, Q.
   Gan, J. J.
TI On characteristics and dynamic analysis of the Niumian valley rock
   avalanche triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Rock avalanche; Dynamic characteristics; Deposits characteristics;
   Run-out behavior; Wenchuan earthquake
ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; DEBRIS FLOWS; SOUTHWESTERN CHINA;
   BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LANDSLIDES; RUNOUT; MODEL; ENTRAINMENT; TERRAIN;
   CANADA
AB On May 12, 2008, a large catastrophic rock avalanche was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake on Niumian valley in Yingxiu town, Wenchuan County, China. The displaced landslide materials traveled about 2,640 m with a descent of about 850 m and buried several houses and caused nearly 20 casualties. Based on detailed field investigation, some basic characteristics of this landslide are introduced. Field investigation showed that the displaced landslide materials experienced three times of run-up and twice of superelevation along the run-out path, and downslope enlargement due to the entrainment of run-out path materials. A numerical model (DAN3D) is used to simulate the landsliding process. By means of trial and error, it can be seen that the Voellmy model and values of friction coefficient f = 0.19 (dimensionless) and turbulent coefficient = 2,000 m/s(2) can provide the best performance in the prediction of sliding and depositing areas. The simulated results show that the duration of the rock avalanche is about 120 s with an average velocity of 22 m/s.
C1 [Xing, A. G.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Q.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Gan, J. J.] Sichuan Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
C3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Xing, AG (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
EM xingaiguo@sjtu.edu.cn
TC 31
Z9 35
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD APR
PY 2015
VL 73
IS 7
BP 3387
EP 3401
DI 10.1007/s12665-014-3626-6
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000351163300027
ER

PT J
AU Vanani, AAG
   Eslami, M
   Ghiasi, Y
   Keyvani, F
AF Vanani, A. A. Ghaedi
   Eslami, M.
   Ghiasi, Y.
   Keyvani, F.
TI Statistical analysis of the landslides triggered by the 2021 SW Chelgard
   earthquake (ML=6) using an automatic linear regression
   (LINEAR) and artificial neural network (ANN) model based on controlling
   parameters
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Statistical analysis; LINEAR and ANN model; Coseismic landslide; SW
   Chelgard earthquake
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; FREQUENCY RATIO;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; AREA; PREDICTION; HAZARD; CLASSIFICATION; MECHANISM;
   CHINA
AB This study uses automatic linear regression (LINEAR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models to statistically analyze the area of landslides triggered by the 2021 SW Chelgard earthquake (M-L = 6) based on controlling parameters. We recorded and mapped the number of 632 landslides into four groups (based on the Hungr et al. 2014): rock avalanche-rock fall, debris avalanche-debris flow, rock slump, and slide earth flow-soil slump using remote sensing method, satellite images (before and after the earthquake), and field observation. The spatial distribution of landslides showed that the highest values of the landslide area percentage (LAP %) and of the landslide number density (LND, N/km(2)) occurred in the northern part of the fault on the hanging wall. The ANN models with R-2 = 0.51-0.80 provided more accurate predictions of landslide area (LA, m(2)) than the LINEAR models, with R-2 = 0.40-0.61 using multiple parameters. The LINEAR models revealed that the most influential controlling parameters for landslides were the topographic factors and ANN models showed that seismic parameters are effective on the coseismic landslides (e.g., the distance from the epicenter on the rock slumps; the PGA on debris avalanches- debris flow; the distance from the rupture surface of the fault and Ia on the rock avalanches-rockfall and slide earth flow-soil slump). Therefore, the classification of coseismic landslides can be helpful for predicting the LA more accurately and better understanding the failure mechanism.
C1 [Vanani, A. A. Ghaedi] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Fac Basic Sci, Dept Geol, Tehran 14115116, Iran.
   [Eslami, M.] Shiraz Univ, Fac Basic Sci, Dept Geol, Shiraz, Iran.
   [Ghiasi, Y.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
   [Keyvani, F.] Univ Azad Joumhouri Eslami, Fac Basic Sci, Dept Geol, Eslami, Iran.
C3 Tarbiat Modares University; Shiraz University; University of Waterloo
RP Vanani, AAG (corresponding author), Tarbiat Modares Univ, Fac Basic Sci, Dept Geol, Tehran 14115116, Iran.
EM AliGhaedi@Modares.ac.ir; Mohaaeslami@gmail.com; syghiasi@uwaterloo.ca
TC 6
Z9 7
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JAN
PY 2024
VL 120
IS 2
BP 1041
EP 1069
DI 10.1007/s11069-023-06240-2
EA OCT 2023
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001084642100005
ER

PT J
AU Liu, S
   Hu, KH
   Zhang, Q
   Zhang, SJ
   Hu, XD
   Tang, DS
AF Liu, Shuang
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Zhang, Qun
   Zhang, Shaojie
   Hu, Xudong
   Tang, Desheng
TI Quantitative Analysis of the Effects of an Earthquake on Rainfall
   Thresholds for Triggering Debris-Flow Events
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE debris flows; seismic effects; regional rainfall threshold; early
   warning; disaster prevention
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE;
   JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES; IMPACT; INTENSITY; SURFACE; SICHUAN;
   MODEL
AB The impacts of destructive earthquakes on rainfall thresholds for triggering the debris flows have not yet been well investigated, due to lacks of data. In this study, we have collected the debris-flow records from the Wenchuan, Lushan, and Jiuzhaigou earthquake-affected areas in Sichuan Province, China. By using a meteorological dataset with 3 h and 0.1 degrees resolutions, the dimensionless effective rainfall and rainfall intensity-duration relationships were calculated as the possible thresholds for triggering the debris flows. The pre- and post-seismic thresholds were compared to evaluate the impacts of the various intensities of earthquakes. Our results indicate that the post-quake thresholds are much smaller than the pre-seismic ones. The dimensionless effective rainfall shows the impacts of the Wenchuan, Lushan, and Jiuzhaigou earthquakes to be ca. 26, 27, and 16%, respectively. The Wenchuan earthquake has the most significant effect on lowering the rainfall intensity-duration curve. Rainfall threshold changes related to the moment magnitude and focal depth are discussed as well. Generally, this work may lead to an improved post-quake debris-flow warning strategy especially in sparsely instrumented regions.
C1 [Liu, Shuang; Hu, Kaiheng; Zhang, Shaojie] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Qun; Tang, Desheng] Sichuan Inst Land & Space Ecol Restorat & Geol Ha, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xudong] China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; China Three Gorges University
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM khhu@imde.ac.cn
TC 9
Z9 9
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD JUN 1
PY 2021
VL 9
AR 676470
DI 10.3389/feart.2021.676470
SC Geology
UT WOS:000661539700001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Zhang, LM
   Lacasse, S
   Nadim, F
AF Zhang, Shuai
   Zhang, Limin
   Lacasse, Suzanne
   Nadim, Farrokh
TI Evolution of Mass Movements near Epicentre of Wenchuan Earthquake, the
   First Eight Years
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID INDUCED LANDSLIDES; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; SLOPE-FAILURE; EROSION
AB It is increasingly clear that landslides represent a major cause of economic costs and deaths in earthquakes in mountains. In the Wenchuan earthquake case, post-seismic cascading landslides continue to represent a major problem eight years on. Failure to anticipate the impact of cascading landslides could lead to unexpected losses of human lives and properties. Previous studies tended to focus on separate landslide processes, with little attention paid to the quantification of long-term evolution of multiple processes or the evolution of mass movements. The very active mass movements near the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake provided us a unique opportunity to understand the complex processes of the evolving cascading landslides after a strong earthquake. This study budgets the mass movements on the hillslopes and in the channels in the first eight years since the Wenchuan earthquake and verify a conservation in mass movements. A system illustrating the evolution and interactions of mass movement after a strong earthquake is proposed.
C1 [Zhang, Shuai; Zhang, Limin] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Shuai] Technol & Higher Educ Inst Hong Kong, Fac Sci & Technol, Tsing Yi, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Lacasse, Suzanne; Nadim, Farrokh] Norwegian Geotech Inst, Oslo, Norway.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Norwegian Geotechnical
   Institute, NGI
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 79
Z9 82
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD NOV 8
PY 2016
VL 6
AR 36154
DI 10.1038/srep36154
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000392052600001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, NS
   Yang, CL
   Zhou, W
   Hu, GS
   Li, H
   Han, D
AF Chen Ningsheng
   Yang Chenglin
   Zhou Wei
   Hu Guisheng
   Li Huan
   Han, David
TI The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in
   the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Mountain torrent; Earthquake-stricken area; Critical
   rainfall
AB Critical rainfall assessment is a very important tool for hazard management of torrents and debris flows in mountainous areas. The Wenchuan Earthquake 2008 caused huge casualties and property damages in the earthquake-stricken area, which also generated large quantities of loose solid materials and increased occurrence probabilities of debris flows. There is an urgent need to quantify the critical rainfall distribution in the area so that better hazard management could be planned and if real time rainfall forecast is available, torrent and debris flow early-warning could be issued in advance. This study is based on 49-year observations (1954-2003) of up to 678 torrent and debris flow events. Detailed contour maps of 1 hour and 24 hour critical rainfalls have been generated (Due to the data limitation, there was insufficient 10 minute critical rainfall to make its contour map). Generally, the contour maps from 1 hour and 24 hours have similar patterns. Three zones with low, medium and high critical rainfalls have been identified. The characteristics of the critical rainfall zones are linked with the local vegetation cover and land forms. Further studies and observations are needed to validate the finding and improve the contour maps.
C1 [Chen Ningsheng; Yang Chenglin; Zhou Wei; Hu Guisheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Ningsheng; Yang Chenglin; Zhou Wei; Hu Guisheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Li Huan] Coll Water Resource & Hydropower SCU, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Han, David] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; University of Bristol
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM chennsh@imde.ac.cn
TC 47
Z9 67
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD DEC
PY 2009
VL 6
IS 4
BP 362
EP 372
DI 10.1007/s11629-009-1064-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000271272100006
ER

PT J
AU Huang, RQ
   Pei, XJ
   Fan, XM
   Zhang, WF
   Li, SG
   Li, BL
AF Huang, Runqiu
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Zhang, Weifeng
   Li, Shigui
   Li, Biliang
TI The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide
   triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Daguangbao landslide; Geomorphologic feature;
   Failure mechanism; Dynamic process
ID SICHUAN PROVINCE; GROUND MOTIONS; DAMS; ROCK
AB Strong earthquakes are among the prime triggering factors of landslides. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M-w=7.9) triggered tens of thousands of landslides. Among them, the Daguangbao landslide is the largest one, which covered an area of 7.8km(2) with a maximum width of 2.2km and an estimated volume of 7.5x10(8)m(3). The landslide is located on the hanging wall of the seismogenic fault, the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault in Anxian town, Sichuan Province. The sliding mass travelled about 4.5km and blocked the Huangdongzi valley, forming a landslide dam nearly 600m high. Compared to other coseismic landslides in the study area, the Daguangbao landslide attained phenomenal kinetic energy, intense cracking, and deformation, exposing a 1-km long head scarp in the rear of the landslide. Based on the field investigation, we conclude that the occurrence of the landslide is controlled mainly by the seismic, terrain, and geological factors. The special location of the landslide and the possible topographic amplification of ground motions due to the terrain features governed the landslide failure. The effects of earthquakes on the stability of slopes were considered in two aspects: First, the ground shaking may reduce the frictional strength of the substrate by shattering of rock mass. Second, the seismic acceleration may result in short-lived and episodic changes of the normal (tensile) and shear stresses in the hillshopes during earthquakes. According to the failure mechanism, the dynamic process of the landslide might contain four stages: (a) the cracking of rock mass in the rear of the slope mainly due to the tensile stress generated by the ground shaking; (b) the shattering of the substrate due to the ground shaking, which reduced the frictional strength of the substrate; (c) the shearing failure of the toe of the landslide due to the large shear stress caused by the landslide gravity; and (d) the deposition stage.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei] Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Huang, Runqiu; Pei, Xiangjun; Zhang, Weifeng; Li, Shigui; Li, Biliang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM fanxuanmei@gmail.com
TC 219
Z9 245
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 9
IS 1
BP 131
EP 142
DI 10.1007/s10346-011-0276-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000304615400010
ER

PT J
AU Svirchev, L
   Li, Y
   Yan, LA
   Ma, BL
   He, CY
AF Svirchev, Laurence
   Li Yong
   Yan Liang
   Ma Bolin
   He Chengying
TI Preventing and limiting exposure to geo-hazards: Some lessons from two
   mountain villages destroyed by the Wenchuan earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; Geo-hazards; Post-disaster reconstruction; Survery
AB This paper examines the experiences of two mountain communities-Yinchanggou and Donghekou in the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, where Yinchanggou's tourism economy and natural park system was destroyed and Donghekou was buried by a landslide. We conducted research surveys on both the communities, interviewing survivors and local officials, and observed the destruction/reconstruction, geological, and living conditions. We suggest that protracted educational processes be put into place so that mountain communities possess a knowledge base to consider long-term disaster prevention when building the economy in the fragile and geo-hazardous conditions of the Longmenshan. The Donghekou Earthquake Ruins Park is an exemplar of turning disaster into sustainable, safe development for small mountain villages.
C1 [Svirchev, Laurence] Royal Rd Univ, Sch Peace & Conflict Management, MA Disaster & Emergency Management Program, Victoria, BC, Canada.
   [Li Yong; Yan Liang; Ma Bolin] Chengdu Univ Technol, Natl Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploitat, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [He Chengying] H&S Consulting, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Svirchev, L (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Natl Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploitat, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM laurence@svirchev.com
TC 4
Z9 4
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 2
BP 190
EP 199
DI 10.1007/s11629-011-2095-6
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000289004600010
ER

PT J
AU Chen, Q
   Cheng, HQ
   Yang, YH
   Liu, GX
   Liu, LY
AF Chen, Qiang
   Cheng, Haiqin
   Yang, Yinghui
   Liu, Guoxiang
   Liu, Liyao
TI Quantification of mass wasting volume associated with the giant
   landslide Daguangbao induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from
   persistent scatterer InSAR
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Mass wasting volume; Daguangbao landslide; Wenchuan earthquake;
   Persistent scatterer InSAR; Networking parameter adjustment
ID PERMANENT SCATTERERS; SICHUAN PROVINCE; SURFACE DEFORMATION; SAR
   INTERFEROMETRY; BEICHUAN AREA; SUBSIDENCE; CALIFORNIA; FAULT;
   INSTABILITY; PLATEAU
AB The spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) with persistent scatterer (PS) is utilized to retrieve the spatial characteristics of the largest coseismic landslide Daguangbao, induced by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, China. The available twenty interferometric pairs with good coherence selected from the ALOS/PALSAR imagery data covering the Longmen Shan mountainous area are used in the study. We have constructed a natural geodetic observation network with numerous scattered bare rocks emerging after the earthquake and coseismic landslide events, which are effectively recognized as the radar persistent scattering objects. The spatial connections between adjacent PS are established to form observation baselines with differential parameters related to topography and deformation, which are determined by the least squares method from time-series interferometric phase analysis. The post-seismic topographic change relative to the pre-seismic over the landslide area is spatially mapped from the PS network adjustment solution. The quantitative estimation of local elevation change, mass sliding volume and deposit thickness associated with the landslide is conducted. The spatial pattern of mass movement suggests that the giant landslide is characterized by a major sliding length of 4350 m along the NE-SW directions with an extension width of 3400 m along the Huangdongzi gully, and a peak height change of 535 m in the vertical direction. The affected area of landslide mass movement reaches 7.2 km(2) with the volume up to 1.28 billion m(3). The study also demonstrates the potential of persistent scatterer InSAR technique as an alternative to allow the quantitative measurement of mass wasting volume associated with earthquake-induced giant landslides. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, Qiang; Cheng, Haiqin; Yang, Yinghui; Liu, Guoxiang; Liu, Liyao] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Remote Sensing & Geoinformat Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Haiqin] East China Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Nanchang 330013, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; East China Jiaotong University
RP Chen, Q (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Remote Sensing & Geoinformat Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM qchen@swjtu.edu.cn
TC 62
Z9 72
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA
SN 0034-4257
EI 1879-0704
PD SEP
PY 2014
VL 152
BP 125
EP 135
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.06.002
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000343392200011
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, SY
   Gao, L
   Zhang, LM
AF Zhou, S. Y.
   Gao, L.
   Zhang, L. M.
TI Predicting debris-flow clusters under extreme rainstorms: a case study
   on Hong Kong Island
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Landslides; Hillslope erosion; Rainstorms; Natural
   hazards; Climate change
ID INTEGRATED SIMULATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   NATURAL TERRAIN; RUNOUT ANALYSIS; SLOPE; MODEL; STABILITY; LANDSLIDES;
   INITIATION
AB Debris flows can cause severe loss of human lives and damage to property, especially on densely populated hilly terrains. In the changing climate, the frequency of debris flows is on a rising trend. Therefore, it is important to forecast possible scenarios of debris flows under extreme weather conditions. Previous numerical studies often deal with one individual debris flow in one analysis. Yet a large number of debris flows can occur in a large storm. This paper presents a physically based model to predict likely debris flow clusters on Hong Kong Island with an area of approximately 80 km(2) considering the influence of the changing climate. Firstly, a slope stability analysis is conducted, and unstable cells and landslide deposition areas are predicted. Then clusters of debris flows initiating from these landslides are simulated considering hillslope erosion. The models are validated with historical debris flows triggered by a rainstorm in 2008. Finally, debris flow clusters under three reference extreme rainstorms (i.e. 44%, 65% and 85% of the 24-h probable maximum precipitation, PMP) are predicted. With the increase of rainstorm magnitude, numerous debris flows can occur simultaneously and merge, posing much greater threat to society. The consequences of debris flows grow dramatically when the magnitude reaches a certain extent, i.e. 65% of the 24-h PMP.
C1 [Zhou, S. Y.; Gao, L.; Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM szhouaq@connect.ust.hk; cegaoliang@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 28
Z9 30
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD DEC
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 8
BP 5775
EP 5794
DI 10.1007/s10064-019-01504-3
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000496080700017
ER

PT J
AU Cai, H
   Yang, ZJ
   Wang, LY
   Lei, XQ
   Fu, XL
   Liu, SH
   Qiao, JP
AF Cai, Huan
   Yang, Zong-Ji
   Wang, Li-Yong
   Lei, Xiao-Qin
   Fu, Xiao-Long
   Liu, Shi-Hao
   Qiao, Jian-Ping
TI An Experimental Study on the Hydromechanical Behaviours of the Evolution
   of Postearthquake Landslide Deposits
SO GEOFLUIDS
DT Article
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS; 2008 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED FINES MIGRATION; FLOW; INFILTRATION; MODEL;
   INSTABILITY; FLOWSLIDES; MECHANISMS
AB In this study, a series of experiments of the full-scale physical model was employed to investigate the hydromechanical behaviours of the postearthquake landslide evolution, in forms of rill erosion and shallow headward failure on the rill bank slopes under unsaturated conditions. Soil-water characteristic curves (SWCC) were established using the Brooks-Corey (BC) and van Genuchten (VG) models. The stability of the shallow failure was then analyzed via a one-dimensional and unsaturated stability analysis model of the infinite slope. This measurement revealed that the preferential flow and the matrix flow coexisted when infiltration occurred and the VG model performs better in fitting the SWCC than the BC model. Consistent feedback between stability calculations and experimental observations enables the analysis of mechanisms of rill erosion and slope failure of postseismic landslide under the impact of preferential flow. Furthermore, the seepage-induced internal erosion phenomenon was observed in the experiment. This work thus provides a new perspective on the triggering mechanisms of debris flow during the postseismic period.
C1 [Cai, Huan; Yang, Zong-Ji; Wang, Li-Yong; Lei, Xiao-Qin; Fu, Xiao-Long; Liu, Shi-Hao; Qiao, Jian-Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cai, Huan; Wang, Li-Yong; Fu, Xiao-Long; Liu, Shi-Hao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Yang, ZJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yzj@imde.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 6
PU WILEY-HINDAWI
PI LONDON
PA ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FL, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON, WIT 5HE, ENGLAND
SN 1468-8115
EI 1468-8123
PY 2019
AR UNSP 3032494
DI 10.1155/2019/3032494
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
UT WOS:000475589800001
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, SB
   Shi, YL
   Lu, M
   Xie, FR
AF Zhu ShouBiao
   Shi YaoLin
   Lu Ming
   Xie FuRen
TI Dynamic mechanisms of earthquake-triggered landslides
SO SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE earthquake-triggered landslides; strong ground motion; dynamics; finite
   element method; Wenchuan earthquake
ID SIMULATION; FRICTION; DEFORMATION; AVALANCHES; INITIATION; COMPLEX;
   TAIWAN
AB Earthquake-triggered landslides usually cause great disasters, and yet their dynamic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This paper will derive a general conceptual landslide model from the geometric and kinematic features of the most landslide masses triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Kinematic characteristics and dynamic processes are simulated here by means of finite element method (FEM) based on the dynamic process of the discontinuous deformable body. The calculated results presented the whole course of landslide motion, and displayed some typical kinematic characteristics such as initiation, sliding, ejection, collision, flying in the air, and climbing of landslides. The simulation result also shows that, under combined seismic inertial forces and gravity, landslides will start to slip once it overcomes the friction between the sliding mass and slip-bed, then it will move from slow to fast along the slippery bed until it ejects from the slip-bed. Moreover, the high frequencies and serious damages by landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake are caused by the strong ground motion on the mountain slopes in and around the epicenter that was dramatically amplified owing to both resonances produced by the seismic event and topographical amplification by seismic motion. In addition, the modeling results suggest that the direction, amplitude, frequency, and duration of strong ground motion have a great influence on the stability of landslide mass. Therefore, the study helps us better understand dynamic mechanism of landslides, seismic hazard assessment, and dynamic earthquake triggering.
C1 [Zhu ShouBiao; Lu Ming; Xie FuRen] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu ShouBiao; Shi YaoLin] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Computat Geodynam, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP Zhu, SB (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM zhushoubiao@gmail.com
TC 33
Z9 36
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-7313
EI 1869-1897
PD OCT
PY 2013
VL 56
IS 10
BP 1769
EP 1779
DI 10.1007/s11430-013-4582-9
SC Geology
UT WOS:000324873100013
ER

PT J
AU Li, G
   West, AJ
   Densmore, AL
   Jin, ZD
   Parker, RN
   Hilton, RG
AF Li, Gen
   West, A. Joshua
   Densmore, Alexander L.
   Jin, Zhangdong
   Parker, Robert N.
   Hilton, Robert G.
TI Seismic mountain building: Landslides associated with the 2008 Wenchuan
   earthquake in the context of a generalized model for earthquake volume
   balance
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
DT Article
DE the Wenchuan earthquake; earthquake volume balance; seismic mountain
   building; landslide
ID SURFACE DISPLACEMENT; TENSILE FAULTS; ISOSTASY CANT; HALF-SPACE;
   EROSION; SLIP; DEFORMATION; RUPTURE; MOBILIZATION; RANGES
AB Here we assess earthquake volume balance and the growth of mountains in the context of a new landslide inventory for the M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in central China. Coseismic landslides were mapped from high-resolution remote imagery using an automated algorithm and manual delineation, which allow us to distinguish clustered landslides that can bias landslide volume calculations. Employing a power-law landslide area-volume relation, we find that the volume of landslide-associated mass wasting (approximate to 2.8+0.9/-0.7 km(3)) is lower than previously estimated (approximate to 5.7-15.2 km(3)) and comparable to the volume of rock uplift (approximate to 2.61.2 km(3)) during the Wenchuan earthquake. If fluvial evacuation removes landslide debris within the earthquake cycle, then the volume addition from coseismic uplift will be effectively offset by landslide erosion. If all earthquakes in the region followed this volume budget pattern, the efficient counteraction of coseismic rock uplift raises a fundamental question about how earthquakes build mountainous topography. To provide a framework for addressing this question, we explore a group of scaling relations to assess earthquake volume balance. We predict coseismic uplift volumes for thrust-fault earthquakes based on geophysical models for coseismic surface deformation and relations between fault rupture parameters and moment magnitude, M-w. By coupling this scaling relation with landslide volume-M-w scaling, we obtain an earthquake volume balance relation in terms of moment magnitude M-w, which is consistent with the revised Wenchuan landslide volumes and observations from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. Incorporating the Gutenburg-Richter frequency-M-w relation, we use this volume balance to derive an analytical expression for crustal thickening from coseismic deformation based on an index of seismic intensity over a defined area. This model yields reasonable rates of crustal thickening from coseismic deformation (e.g., approximate to 0.1-0.5 km Ma(-1) in tectonically active convergent settings), and implies that moderate magnitude earthquakes (M-w approximate to 6-7) are likely responsible for most of the coseismic contribution to rock uplift because of their smaller landslide-associated volume reduction. Our first-order model does not consider a range of factors (e.g., lithology, climate conditions, epicentral depth, and tectonic setting), nor does it account for viscoelastic effects or isostatic responses to erosion, and there are important large uncertainties on the scaling relationships used to quantify coseismic deformation. Nevertheless, our study provides a conceptual framework and invites more rigorous modeling of seismic mountain building.
   Key Points
   <list list-type="bulleted"> Report a new data set of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake Develop a quantitative model to estimate earthquake volume balance Evaluate how earthquakes of varying magnitude contribute to coseismic mountain building
C1 [Li, Gen; West, A. Joshua] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Densmore, Alexander L.; Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
   [Jin, Zhangdong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian, Peoples R China.
   [Parker, Robert N.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales.
C3 University of Southern California; Durham University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS; Cardiff University
RP Li, G (corresponding author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM genli@usc.edu
TC 158
Z9 181
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
PD APR
PY 2014
VL 15
IS 4
BP 833
EP 844
DI 10.1002/2013GC005067
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000336493400001
ER

PT J
AU Tian, X
   Yang, LS
   Wu, X
   Wu, JZ
   Guo, YT
   Guo, YH
   Chen, H
   Li, J
   Lin, YM
AF Tian, Xue
   Yang, Liusheng
   Wu, Xuan
   Wu, Jianzhao
   Guo, Yiting
   Guo, Yuhao
   Chen, Hui
   Li, Jian
   Lin, Yongming
TI Landscape Fragmentation and Spatial Autocorrelation of a Typical
   Watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Area-A Case Study in the
   Longxi River Basin
SO FORESTS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; typical watershed; landscape pattern; landscape
   fragmentation; spatial autocorrelation
ID LAND-USE; HABITAT QUALITY; PATTERN; GEODA
AB The 2008 8.0 Ms Wenchuan earthquake caused serious ecological degradation in the northwest of China's Sichuan Province. Elucidating landscape fragmentation and spatial pattern of post-earthquake landscape is of great interest in order to improve ecological restoration and predict the spatial distribution of damaged ecosystems in earthquake-affected areas. We used four real-time remote sensing images to analyze the landscape pattern characteristics and spatial autocorrelation of the Longxi River Basin before and after the Wenchuan earthquake during the period from 2005 to 2015. In the study period, the degree of landscape fragmentation increased 1 year after the earthquake in 2009 but decreased in 2011 and 2015. The spatial distribution of forest, farmland, and shrub-grassland had significantly positive spatial correlation and the characteristics of spatial aggregation from 2005 to 2015. Construction land had no significant spatial correlation before the earthquake in 2005, but significantly positive spatial correlation after the earthquake, while traffic land had no significant spatial correlation across the study period. Unlike the other landscape types, geological disasters changed from a significantly negative spatial correlation before the earthquake to a significantly positive spatial correlation after the earthquake. However, the positive autocorrelation of all landscape types decreased with the increase of space distance, but in different distance-decay rates. The High-high spatial aggregation areas of geological disasters and construction land clustered gradually upstream of the basin and distributed in Longchi town, respectively; those of farmland distributed in the southeast of the basin increased in 2009 but then decreased, while those of forests had the opposite pattern as the dominant landscape type after the earthquake. Our results elucidated the spatial structure and distribution features of the Longxi River Basin to give a theoretical foundation for assessing the effects of ecological restoration and reconstruction management in earthquake-affected areas.
C1 [Tian, Xue; Yang, Liusheng; Guo, Yiting; Guo, Yuhao; Chen, Hui; Li, Jian; Lin, Yongming] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Xuan] Northwest Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Xianyang 712100, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Jianzhao] Northwest Agr & Forestry Univ, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Xianyang 712100, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Jian; Lin, Yongming] Key Lab Forest Ecosyst Proc & Management Fujian Pr, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
C3 Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University; Northwest A&F University -
   China; Northwest A&F University - China; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Soil & Water Conservation (ISWC), CAS
RP Lin, YM (corresponding author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.; Lin, YM (corresponding author), Key Lab Forest Ecosyst Proc & Management Fujian Pr, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
EM 15308173770@163.com; liushengy923@126.com; 1335178316@nwafu.edu.cn;
   wjzhao168@outlook.com; gyt08012022@163.com; gyh522750068@163.com;
   c15593222053@163.com; jianli@fafu.edu.cn; 000q131082@fafu.edu.can
TC 5
Z9 6
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1999-4907
PD DEC
PY 2023
VL 14
IS 12
AR 2349
DI 10.3390/f14122349
SC Forestry
UT WOS:001131495500001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, M
   Yin, YP
   Wu, SR
   Zhang, YS
   Han, JL
AF Zhang, Ming
   Yin, Yueping
   Wu, Shuren
   Zhang, Yongshuang
   Han, Jinliang
TI Dynamics of the Niumiangou Creek rock avalanche triggered by 2008
   Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Niumiangou Creek rock avalanche; Wenchuan earthquake; Debris transport;
   Long runout
ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DEBRIS FLOW; LANDSLIDE; TRANSPORT; CANADA; SLIDE
AB The Niumiangou Creek rock avalanche was triggered by an M-s 8.0 earthquake that happened on 12 May 2008 in the Sichuan Province, China. The rock avalanche traveled a horizontal distance of 3.0 km over a vertical elevation difference of 0.89 km, equivalent to a coefficient of friction of only 0.29. The travel path of the rock avalanche can be divided into three segments: (1) failing and disintegrating, (2) flying, (3) flowing. In the failing and disintegrating segment, the rock slope failed because of the coupled action of horizontal and vertical force of the earthquake, then smashed into the opposite mountain and disintegrated. In the flying segment, the disintegrating rock mass changed direction and flew into the Lianhuaxin Creek, which was different from the previous research results that concluded rock debris flowed in Lianhuaxin Creek. A great amount of air trapped and compressed under the rock debris acted as air cushion and supported the rock debris to fly a further distance. In the flowing segment, the rock debris flowed on the ground surface in Niumiangou Creek. The flowing velocity has been estimated from the maximum elevation and runup according to the damaged trimlines of the debris. The saturated fine material in Niumiangou Creek entrained by the failed debris mass is thought to have contributed to the long runout of the debris. The Niumiangou Creek rock avalanche is one of the three longest rock avalanches triggered by Wenchuan earthquake. The conclusions of the paper have implications for hazard assessment of potential rock avalanches in the earthquake area and the other similar mountainous area in west China.
C1 [Zhang, Ming; Wu, Shuren; Zhang, Yongshuang; Han, Jinliang] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Yin, Yueping] China Geol Survey, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; China
   Geological Survey
RP Zhang, M (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, 11 Min Zu Da Xue Nan Lu, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM zhangming8157@126.com
TC 40
Z9 52
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 3
BP 363
EP 371
DI 10.1007/s10346-011-0265-9
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000294535500010
ER

PT J
AU Chang, DS
   Zhang, LM
AF Chang, D. S.
   Zhang, L. M.
TI Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping
   considering variations in soil erodibility along depth
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE; FLOODS;
   DISCHARGE; AVALANCHE; LIFE
AB A landslide dam typically comprises freshly deposited heterogeneous, unconsolidated or poorly consolidated earth materials and is vulnerable to overtopping breaching. A physically-based breach model is presented to simulate the breaching process of such landslide dams. The new model can predict the breach evolution, the erosion rate, and the outflow hydrograph. A spreadsheet is developed to numerically implement the model. The erosion processes of Tangjiashan Landslide Dam and Xiaogangjian Landslide Dam induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are analyzed using the new model. The erodibility of the two landslide dams varies significantly along depth. The predicted key breaching parameters (i.e., final breach size, failure time, and peak outflow rate) considering the variations in the soil erodibility along depth agree well with the observed values. Further sensitivity analysis indicates that the soil erodibility affects the breaching process of a landslide dam significantly. Higher soil erodibility will lead to a larger breach, a shorter failure time and a larger peak outflow rate. The erosion rate of the breach channel in the depth direction decreases with increasing erosion resistance of the landslide deposits. In the two case studies, the key breaching parameters cannot be properly predicted if constant soil erodibility parameters along depth are assumed.
C1 [Chang, D. S.; Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 174
Z9 216
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 4
BP 933
EP 946
DI 10.5194/nhess-10-933-2010
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000277185000029
ER

PT J
AU Li, N
   Wang, BQ
   Men, YM
   Liu, NN
   Liu, XL
   Gao, O
AF Li, Nan
   Wang, Banqiao
   Men, Yuming
   Liu, Nina
   Liu, Xueling
   Gao, Ou
TI Dynamic behavior of soil anchorage landslide at different frequencies
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Anchor; soil anchorage landslide; dynamic behavior; frequency; shaking
   table test
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SHAKING; CHINA
AB To reveal the dynamic behavior of soil anchorage landslide and the mechanical feature of anchors at different frequencies, a shaking table test was performed on a 1:7 scale soil anchorage landslide. Actual seismic wave measured from the Wenchuan earthquake, sinusoidal waves with different frequencies were applied to the model. The acceleration response of the anchorage landslide in frequency domain was analyzed, and the strain distribution of anchors at 1.15 Hz sinusoidal wave and 3.45 Hz sinusoidal wave were investigated separately. The testing results indicate that the anchorage landslide is sensitive not only to higher frequencies (near the natural frequency of the landslide) at low loading amplitude but also to ultra-low frequencies at high loading amplitude. At ultra-low frequency 1.15 Hz sinusoidal wave, when the loading amplitude is low and medium (0.05-0.6 g), the bottom anchor bears greater force. But when the loading amplitude is high (0.8 g), the top anchor bears most of the anchorage force. At 3.45 Hz sinusoidal wave that near the natural frequency of the landslide, no matter how the loading amplitude, the top anchor plays significant role, especially at higher loading amplitude (0.3-0.6 g).
C1 [Li, Nan; Wang, Banqiao; Men, Yuming; Liu, Nina; Liu, Xueling; Gao, Ou] Changan Univ, Sch Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
C3 Chang'an University
RP Wang, BQ (corresponding author), Changan Univ, Sch Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
EM dcdgx17@chd.edu.cn
TC 6
Z9 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD JAN 1
PY 2019
VL 10
IS 1
BP 271
EP 286
DI 10.1080/19475705.2018.1521878
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000454744400001
ER

PT J
AU Qin, YG
   Zhang, DL
   Zheng, WJ
   Yang, JJ
   Chen, G
   Duan, L
   Liang, SM
   Peng, H
AF Qin, Yigen
   Zhang, Dongli
   Zheng, Wenjun
   Yang, Jingjun
   Chen, Gan
   Duan, Lei
   Liang, Shumin
   Peng, Hui
TI Interaction of earthquake-triggered landslides and local relief:
   Evidence from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Earthquake-triggered landslide; Local relief; Fault geometry and motion
   characteristics; Spatial distribution of landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; LONGMEN SHAN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATTERN; CHINA; MODEL;
   FAULT; DEFORMATION; MOUNTAINS; MOVEMENT
AB Earthquake-triggered landslides (EQTLs) are affected by both seismogenic faults and topography. Using landslide data associated with the 2008 M(W)7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the distribution characteristics of EQTLs were identified. And the influence of topographical changes and fault dip angle changes on the distribution of EQTLs was analyzed. Fault dip angle had a controlling impact on EQTL spatial distribution. When the dip angle increased, EQTL distribution was concentrated in a certain range on both sides of the fault and decayed rapidly with distance from the fault. When dip angle decreased, the hanging wall effect became more obvious, and the number of landslides on the hanging wall gradually decreased with distance from the fault. In terms of topography, EQTLs were closely related to relative elevation differences, forming a single peak for a local relief range of 400-1600 m. For > 70% of statistical units, EQTL density increased with local relief; the landslide distribution conformed to an exponential relationship with relief. Peak local relief and dominant local relief were highly negatively correlated with fault dip angle. Fault geometry and motion characteristics control the propagation of seismic waves, directly affecting the distribution of EQTLs; moreover, as tectonic activity controls local relief, it also indirectly affects the distribution of EQTLs. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the rapid assessment of EQTL distributions.
C1 [Qin, Yigen; Zhang, Dongli; Zheng, Wenjun; Yang, Jingjun; Chen, Gan; Duan, Lei; Liang, Shumin; Peng, Hui] Sun Yat sen Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Geodynam & Geohazards, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Qin, Yigen; Zhang, Dongli; Zheng, Wenjun; Yang, Jingjun; Chen, Gan; Duan, Lei; Liang, Shumin; Peng, Hui] Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Peoples R China.
C3 Sun Yat Sen University; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong
   Laboratory; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory
   (Zhuhai)
RP Zhang, DL (corresponding author), Sun Yat sen Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Geodynam & Geohazards, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.; Zhang, DL (corresponding author), Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Peoples R China.
EM zhangdongli@mail.sysu.edu.cn
TC 6
Z9 6
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 4
BP 757
EP 770
DI 10.1007/s10346-022-01996-3
EA DEC 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000899438500001
ER

PT J
AU Li, TY
   He, BH
   Chen, ZP
   Zhang, Y
   Liang, C
   Wang, RX
AF Li, Tianyang
   He, Binghui
   Chen, Zhanpeng
   Zhang, Yi
   Liang, Chuan
   Wang, Renxin
TI Effects of gravel on infiltration, runoff, and sediment yield in
   landslide deposit slope in Wenchuan earthquake area, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Proportion of gravel; Scouring flow; Landslide deposit; Infiltration
   capacity; Runoff; Sediment yield; Wenchuan earthquake
ID ROCK FRAGMENT COVER; CONCENTRATED FLOW EROSION; HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE;
   INTERRILL RUNOFF; CULTIVATED SOILS; HYDRAULICS; RAINFALL
AB Amounts of landslide deposits were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake with magnitude 8.0 on May 12, 2008. The landslide deposits were composed of soil and rock fragments, which play important roles in hydrological and erosion processes in the steep slope of landslide deposits. The mixtures of soil and gravels are common in the top layers of landslide deposits, and its processes are obviously different with the soil without gravels. Based on the data of field investigation, a series of simulated scouring flow experiments with four proportion of gravel (0, 25, 33.3, and 50 %) and three scouring flow rates (4, 8, 12 L/min) under two steep slopes (67.5, 72.7 %) were conducted sequentially to know the effects of proportion of gravel on infiltration capacity, runoff generation, and sediment production in the steep slope of landslide deposit. Results indicated that gravel had promoted or reduced effects on infiltration capacity which could affect further the cumulative runoff volume and cumulative sediment mass increase or decrease. The cumulative infiltration volume in 25 % proportion of gravel was less than those in 0, 33.3, and 50 % proportion of gravel. The cumulative runoff volume was in an order of 25 > 0 > 33.3 > 50 % while cumulative sediment mass ranked as 25 > 33.3 > 0 > 50 % with different proportions of gravel. A significant power relationship was found between scouring time and cumulative runoff volume as well as cumulative sediment mass. The relationship between average soil and water loss rate and proportion of gravel was able to express by quadratic function, with a high degree of reliability. The results have important implications for soil and water conservation and modeling in landslide deposit but also provide useful information for the similar conditions.
C1 [Li, Tianyang; He, Binghui; Chen, Zhanpeng; Wang, Renxin] Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tianyang; Liang, Chuan] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yi] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University - China; Sichuan University; Beijing Normal
   University
RP He, BH (corresponding author), Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.
EM hebinghui@swu.edu.cn
TC 19
Z9 23
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0944-1344
EI 1614-7499
PD JUN
PY 2016
VL 23
IS 12
BP 12075
EP 12084
DI 10.1007/s11356-016-6394-x
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000377476700060
ER

PT J
AU Li, C
   Yi, BJ
   Gao, P
   Li, H
   Sun, JX
   Chen, XY
   Zhong, C
AF Li, Chang
   Yi, Bangjin
   Gao, Peng
   Li, Hui
   Sun, Jixing
   Chen, Xueye
   Zhong, Cheng
TI Valuable Clues for DCNN-Based Landslide Detection from a Comparative
   Assessment in the Wenchuan Earthquake Area
SO SENSORS
DT Article
DE landslide detection; deep learning; Wenchuan earthquake; ResNet;
   DenseNet; U-Net
ID REMOTE-SENSING IMAGE; IDENTIFICATION
AB Landslide inventories could provide fundamental data for analyzing the causative factors and deformation mechanisms of landslide events. Considering that it is still hard to detect landslides automatically from remote sensing images, endeavors have been carried out to explore the potential of DCNNs on landslide detection, and obtained better performance than shallow machine learning methods. However, there is often confusion as to which structure, layer number, and sample size are better for a project. To fill this gap, this study conducted a comparative test on typical models for landside detection in the Wenchuan earthquake area, where about 200,000 secondary landslides were available. Multiple structures and layer numbers, including VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, ResNet101, DenseNet120, DenseNet201, UNet-, UNet+, and ResUNet were investigated with different sample numbers (100, 1000, and 10,000). Results indicate that VGG models have the highest precision (about 0.9) but the lowest recall (below 0.76); ResNet models display the lowest precision (below 0.86) and a high recall (about 0.85); DenseNet models obtain moderate precision (below 0.88) and recall (about 0.8); while UNet+ also achieves moderate precision (0.8) and recall (0.84). Generally, a larger sample set can lead to better performance for VGG, ResNet, and DenseNet, and deeper layers could improve the detection results for ResNet and DenseNet. This study provides valuable clues for designing models' type, layers, and sample set, based on tests with a large number of samples.
C1 [Li, Chang; Zhong, Cheng] China Univ Geosci, Minist Educ, Three Gorges Res Ctr Geohazard, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Yi, Bangjin; Sun, Jixing] Yunnan Inst Geol Sci, Kuming 650051, Peoples R China.
   [Gao, Peng] Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
   [Gao, Peng] Univ South Carolina, Dept Geog, 709 Bull St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
   [Li, Hui] China Univ Geosci, Sch Earth Sci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xueye] MNR, Key Lab Urban Land Resources Monitoring & Simulat, Shenzhen 518034, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; University of North Carolina;
   University of North Carolina Wilmington; University of South Carolina
   System; University of South Carolina Columbia; China University of
   Geosciences
RP Zhong, C (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Minist Educ, Three Gorges Res Ctr Geohazard, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
EM lichang_net@cug.edu.cn; banglinyi@sina.com; gaop@mailbox.sc.edu;
   rslihui@cug.edu.cn; sunjixing8@gmail.com; xueyers@sina.com;
   zhonglxm@cug.edu.cn
TC 13
Z9 14
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1424-8220
PD AUG
PY 2021
VL 21
IS 15
AR 5191
DI 10.3390/s21155191
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
UT WOS:000682222300001
ER

PT J
AU Hu, W
   Li, Y
   Gou, HX
   Van Asch, TWJ
   Gao, X
   Zheng, YS
   Xin, CL
AF Hu, Wei
   Li, Yan
   Gou, Huaixiao
   Van Asch, Theo W. J.
   Gao, Xin
   Zheng, Yangshuai
   Xin, Chunlei
TI Hydraulic properties of co-seismic landslide deposits around the
   Wenchuan earthquake epicentre: Large-scale column experiments
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Co-seismic landslide deposit; Large-scale column experiment;
   Infiltration; Wetting front; Wenchuan earthquake
ID CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; 13 AUGUST 2010; RAINFALL INFILTRATION; SOIL
   COLUMNS; WATER; EVAPORATION; STABILITY; DEPTH; SLOPE
AB The co-seismic landslides and rock avalanches caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake generated numerous poorly consolidated deposits over a vast area. Rainfall-induced initiation and remobilization of these deposits have resulted in many post-earthquake disasters, such as rapid erosion, flow slides, and debris flows, threatening the local residents. The hydraulic properties of the deposits dominate the evolution of the soil moisture in the slope during rainfall, consequently affecting the initiation and failure types of these geo-disasters. Thus, laboratory tests and infiltration experiments were conducted with material from co-seismic landslide deposits in the Wenjia Gully near the Wenchuan earthquake epicentre. The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of the coseismic deposit material was determined by a pressure plate extractor and tensiometers. Then, a series of large-scale soil column experiments were conducted with the materials. The results of the experiments showed a relatively high permeability and low matric suction of the co-seismic deposit compared with other soils. The infiltration characteristics of the deposit material with different initial water contents, compactness, and fine particle contents were also analysed and compared. A linear solution of the Green and Ampt equation was employed to estimate the infiltration rate in the deposit during rainfall events, which fit the results of the experiments well. The influence of matric suction on the water absorption and retention capacity was obvious when the moisture content was less than 5%, resulting in a variable evaporation rate and a soil-water hysteresis phenomenon. The results of this study provide reliable experimental evidence with which to evaluate the distribution and evolution of soil moisture in landslide deposits, which is significant for geo-hazard assessments and mitigation works.
C1 [Hu, Wei; Li, Yan; Gou, Huaixiao; Van Asch, Theo W. J.; Gao, Xin; Zheng, Yangshuai; Xin, Chunlei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Van Asch, Theo W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Utrecht University
RP Li, Y (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM 43133660@qq.com
TC 9
Z9 9
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JUN 20
PY 2021
VL 287
AR 106102
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106102
EA MAR 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000652831500012
ER

PT J
AU Cheng, HG
   Hu, KH
   Liu, S
   Zhang, XP
   Li, H
   Zhang, QY
   Ning, L
   Gouli, MR
   Li, P
   Yang, AN
   Zhao, P
   Liu, JY
   Wei, L
AF Cheng, Haiguang
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Liu, Shuang
   Zhang, Xiaopeng
   Li, Hao
   Zhang, Qiyuan
   Ning, Lan
   Gouli, Manish Raj
   Li, Pu
   Yang, Anna
   Zhao, Peng
   Liu, Junyu
   Wei, Li
TI A worldwide event-based debris flow barrier dam dataset from 1800 to
   2023
SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE DAMS; PEAK OUTFLOW; OUTBURST FLOOD;
   FAILURE; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; PARAMETERS; DISCHARGE; GEOMETRY
AB Debris flows, as a special kind of landslide, often block rivers to form barrier dams and trigger a series of disasters such as upstream aggradation and outburst floods. The understanding of debris flow barrier dams (DFBDs) is poor, mostly due to existing studies focusing on individual events and a lack of summarization of multiple DFBD events. The existing global or regional datasets of landslide barrier dams (LDs) contain only a few cases of DFBDs and ignore the differences between DFBDs and other landslide barrier dams (LDs), such as the dams of rock slides, debris avalanches, or earth slides. To fill this gap, we reviewed 2519 high-quality literature and media reports. Focusing on identified debris flow damming events, a rigorous data review and validation process was conducted using Google Earth. A systematic approach was employed to prioritize conflicting information from various data sources. Consequently, a global dataset was compiled, encompassing 555 historical DFBDs from 1800 to 2023. This pioneering global dataset includes 6 categories and 38 attributes, detailing DFBDs. It captures basic information (location, the date of formation, etc.), dam characteristics (height, length, volume, etc.), lake characteristics (area, capacity, length), debris flow characteristics (velocity, discharge, volume, etc.), failure characteristics (peak discharge, loss of life, etc.), and climate characteristics (precipitation and temperature). Our dataset elucidates that DFBDs exhibit key features of instability, complete blockage, and overtopping failure. The number of such dams has notably increased, especially in China. A total of 15 % of channels showed recurrent debris flows, resulting in DFBDs that make up 35 % of all DFBDs. Further analysis suggests that the Ls (AHV) model should be used for priority use, followed by the DBI model, in the stability assessment of DFBDs. Compared to other barrier dam datasets, our dataset is more targeted places greater emphasis on the review of raw data, and stresses the unification of terminology and concepts (i.e., blockage modes and stability), ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the data. The dataset and results in this work may help to deepen the understanding of DFBD formation, distribution, and evolution. The DFBD dataset can be accessed through this link: 10.5281/zenodo.14766647 (Cheng et al., 2025).
C1 [Cheng, Haiguang; Hu, Kaiheng; Liu, Shuang; Zhang, Xiaopeng; Li, Hao; Zhang, Qiyuan; Ning, Lan; Gouli, Manish Raj; Li, Pu; Yang, Anna; Zhao, Peng; Liu, Junyu; Wei, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610213, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Haiguang; Hu, Kaiheng; Liu, Shuang; Zhang, Xiaopeng; Li, Hao; Ning, Lan; Gouli, Manish Raj; Li, Pu; Yang, Anna; Zhao, Peng; Liu, Junyu; Wei, Li] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Qiyuan] Sichuan Univ Sci & Engn, Inst Comp Sci & Engn, Zigong 643000, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610213, Peoples R China.; Hu, KH (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM khhu@imde.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1866-3508
EI 1866-3516
PD APR 15
PY 2025
VL 17
IS 4
BP 1573
EP 1593
DI 10.5194/essd-17-1573-2025
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
UT WOS:001466464700001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Zhou, BG
   Yu, GH
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Zhou, Bengang
   Yu, Guihua
TI Revisions of the M 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake seismic intensity map based
   on co-seismic landslide abundance
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides; Spatial distribution; The M
   8.0 Wenchuan earthquake seismic intensity map; GIS; Revision
ID SURFACE RUPTURES; PARAMETERS; PATTERN
AB Hundreds of thousands of landslides were triggered by the May 12, 2008, Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in China. A detailed inventory of landslides triggered by the earthquake was prepared based on geographic information systems and remote sensing technology. Visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite images and aerial photos taken pre- and post-earthquake and selected field investigation showed that at least 197,481 co-seismic landslides related to the earthquake were triggered throughout an area of approximately 110,000 km(2). These co-seismic landslides are delineated as individual solid polygons. The landslides cover a total area of approximately 1,160 km(2). Most of the landslides are distributed in an approximate ellipse area with a total area of approximately 44,031 km(2). In this paper, quantitative co-seismic landslide criteria for seismic intensity zonation were constructed based on the original "M 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake Seismic Intensity Map" (MWESIM) and co-seismic landslide abundance analyses. These quantitative criteria, which correspond to landslide area percentages (LAP), indicate the percentage of the area affected by landslides in certain calculation windows and are listed as follows: Areas of LAP a parts per thousand yen70 % correspond to the XII intensity district; areas of 20 % a parts per thousand currency sign LAP < 70 % correspond to the XI intensity district; areas of 1 % a parts per thousand currency sign LAP < 5 % correspond to the IX intensity district; and areas of LAP < 1 % correspond to the VIII and less-than-VIII intensity districts. The VII and greater-than-VII intensity districts of the original MWESIM, which constituted an area of approximately 123,832 km(2), were corrected based on the above quantitative criteria. The degrees of fit of the original and revised MWESIMs with the co-seismic landslides were 93.8 and 95.8 %, respectively, indicating a 2.0 % improvement. The quantitative criteria of the constructed earthquake-triggered landslides for seismic intensity zonation can provide a scientific reference, standard, and basis for seismic intensity zonation in other earthquake events, especially those occurring in mountainous areas.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei; Zhou, Bengang; Yu, Guihua] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Active Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Active Tecton & Volcano, 1 Huayanli,POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com; xiweixu@vip.sina.com
TC 49
Z9 53
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD DEC
PY 2013
VL 69
IS 3
BP 1459
EP 1476
DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0757-0
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000327875400011
ER

PT J
AU Ni, ZY
   Yang, ZY
   Li, WL
   Zhao, YB
   He, ZW
AF Ni, Zhongyun
   Yang, Zhenyu
   Li, Weile
   Zhao, Yinbing
   He, Zhengwei
TI Decreasing Trend of Geohazards Induced by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
   Inferred from Time Series NDVI Data
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE time series NDVI; spatiotemporal evolution; area affected by vegetation
   damage (AVD); 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
ID FRACTIONAL VEGETATION COVER; CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES;
   KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; DAMAGED VEGETATION; DEBRIS FLOWS; RECOVERY; AREA;
   SATELLITE; IMPACT
AB The occurrence of aftershocks and geohazards (landslides, collapses, and debris flows) decreases with time following a major earthquake. The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan, China, provides the opportunity to characterize the subsequent spatiotemporal evolution of geohazards. Following the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, the incidence of geohazards first increased sharply, representing a "post-earthquake effect", before starting to decrease. We compared the spatial distribution of the area affected by vegetation damage (AVD) triggered by large and medium-scale geohazards (LMG). We studied the interval prior to the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (2001-2007), the co-seismic period (2008), and the post-earthquake interval (2009-2016) and characterized the trend of decreasing geohazards at a macro scale. In vegetated areas, geohazards often seriously damage the vegetation, resulting in pronounced contrasts with the surrounding surface in terms of color tone, texture, morphology, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) which are evident in remote sensing images (RSI). In principle, it is possible to use the strong positive correlation between AVD and geohazards to determine indirectly the resulting vegetation and to monitor its spatiotemporal evolution. In this study we attempted to characterize the process of geohazard evolution in the region affected by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake during 2001-2016. Our approach was to analyze the characteristics of areas with reduced vegetation coverage caused by LMG. Our principal findings are as follows: (i) Before the Wenchuan Earthquake (during 2001-2007), there was no evidence for a linear increase in the number of LMG with time; thus, the geological environment was relatively stable and the geohazards were mainly induced by rainfall events. (ii) The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake was the main cause of a surge in geohazards in 2008, with the characteristics of seismogenic faults and strong aftershocks determining the spatial distribution of geohazards. (iii) Following the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (during 2009-2016) the incidence of geohazards exhibited an oscillating pattern of attenuation, with a decreasing trend of higher-grade seismic intensity. The intensity of geohazards was related to rainfall and seismogenic faults, and also to the number, magnitude and depth of new earthquakes following the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Our results provide a new perspective on the temporal pattern of attenuation of seismic geohazards, with implications for disaster prevention and mitigation and ecological restoration in the areas affected by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake.
C1 [Ni, Zhongyun; Yang, Zhenyu] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Resource Environm & Tourism, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
   [Ni, Zhongyun; Zhao, Yinbing] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Tourism & Urban Rural Planning, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ni, Zhongyun; Li, Weile; Zhao, Yinbing; He, Zhengwei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Capital Normal University; Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu
   University of Technology
RP Yang, ZY (corresponding author), Capital Normal Univ, Coll Resource Environm & Tourism, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
EM nizhongyun2012@mail.cdut.edu.cn; zhenyu.yang@cnu.edu.cn;
   liweile08@mail.cdut.edu.cn; zhaoyinbing06@cdut.cn; hzw@cdut.edu.cn
TC 17
Z9 20
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD OCT
PY 2019
VL 11
IS 19
AR 2192
DI 10.3390/rs11192192
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000496827100006
ER

PT J
AU Horton, AJ
   Hales, TC
   Ouyang, CJ
   Fan, XM
AF Horton, Alexander J.
   Hales, Tristram C.
   Ouyang, Chaojun
   Fan, Xuanmei
TI Identifying post-earthquake debris flow hazard using Massflow
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ENTRAINMENT; MODEL; PROPAGATION; LANDSLIDES;
   AVALANCHES; RUNOUT
AB Catastrophic debris flows are common after large earthquakes and pose a significant risk for recovering communities. The depositional volume of these large debris flows is often much greater than the initiation volume, suggesting that bulking of the flow plays an important role in determining their volume, speed, and runout distance. Observations from recent earthquakes have driven progress in understanding the relationship between triggering rainfall events and the timing of post earthquake debris flows. However, we lack an adequate mechanism for quantifying bulking and applying it within a hazard context. Here we apply a 2D dynamic debris flow model (Massflow) that incorporates a process-based expression of basal entrainment to understand how debris flow bulking may occur within post earthquake catchments and develop hazard maps. Focussing on catchments in the epicentral area of the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake, we first parameterised the model based on a large debris flow that occurred within the Hongchun catchment, before applying the calibrated model to adjoining catchments. A model sensitivity analysis identified three main controls on debris flow bulking; the saturation level of entrainable material along the flow pathway, and the size and position of initial mass failures. The model demonstrates that the difference between small and very large debris flows occur across a narrow range of pore-water ratios (lambda). Below lambda = 0.65 flows falter at the base of hillslopes and come to rest in the valley bottom, above lambda = 0.70 they build sufficient mass and momentum to sustain channelised flow and transport large volumes of material beyond the valley confines. Finally, we applied the model across different catchments to develop hazard maps that demonstrate the utility of Massflow in post-earthquake planning within the Wenchuan epicentral region.
C1 [Horton, Alexander J.; Hales, Tristram C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales.
   [Horton, Alexander J.; Hales, Tristram C.] Cardiff Univ, Sustainable Pl Res Inst, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales.
   [Horton, Alexander J.] Aalto Univ, Water & Dev Res Grp, Espoo, Finland.
   [Ouyang, Chaojun; Fan, Xuanmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Ouyang, Chaojun; Fan, Xuanmei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Cardiff University; Cardiff University; Aalto University; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Horton, AJ (corresponding author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales.
EM Alexander.Horton@Aalto.fi
TC 60
Z9 68
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG 14
PY 2019
VL 258
AR 105134
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.05.011
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000483909000010
ER

PT J
AU Wang, WX
   Wang, W
   Liu-Zeng, J
   Godard, V
   Zhang, JY
   Yang, JL
   Zheng, XC
   Wang, ZJ
   Xie, KJ
   Li, MH
AF Wang, Wenxin
   Wang, Wei
   Liu-Zeng, Jing
   Godard, Vincent
   Zhang, Jinyu
   Yang, Jinglei
   Zheng, Xucong
   Wang, Zijun
   Xie, Kejia
   Li, Mohan
TI Fifteen years observations of detrital 10Be after the Wenchuan
   earthquake: Insights into landslide sediment transport following a
   large-magnitude seismic event
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Detrital 10 Be; Vegetation restoration; Co-seismic
   landslide; Longmen Shan
ID CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; 13 AUGUST 2010; VEGETATION RECOVERY;
   MOUNTAIN-RANGES; EASTERN MARGIN; DENUDATION RATES; IN-SITU; EROSION;
   EVOLUTION; TECTONICS
AB Quantifying the removal process and retention time of co-seismic landslides is essential for understanding post-seismic erosion and the long-term topographic evolution within orogenic belts. The 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, which triggered a significant amount of co-seismic landslides, provided a valuable opportunity to study sediment transport following a large-magnitude earthquake. By incorporating data from 2015, 2019, and 2022, we extended the published post-earthquake 10Be concentration datasets, creating a comprehensive 15-year time series of data. Our results offer a more complete record of 10Be concentrations after the earthquake. In the initial post-earthquake years, a substantial influx of landslide material into the river network resulted in a significant decrease in 10Be concentrations. During this period, the area density of river-connected landslide was the predominant factor influencing 10Be concentrations. Five years following the earthquake, 10Be concentrations in the studied basins reached a minimum and then rebounded, with vegetation restoration gradually becoming as a key factor in regulating the recovery of 10Be concentrations. The consolidation effect of vegetation restoration on loose sediments reduced the input of landslide material and accelerated the recovery of 10Be concentrations. Our results highlight significant variations in 10Be concentration recovery patterns and landslide material removal phases across different regions. By 2022, in basins with robust vegetation recovery, even those with high landslide density, detrital 10Be concentrations had nearly returned to pre-earthquake levels. This shift indicated a transition from transport-limited to supply-limited conditions for landslide sediment removal. Conversely, basins with high landslide density and inadequate vegetation recovery remain in a transport-limited phase, requiring more time for detrital 10Be concentrations to recover. Through our long-time observations, we offer new insights into the evolution of fluvial sediment 10Be concentration and the removal process of landslide material post-earthquake, providing valuable implications for studying similar seismic conditions.
C1 [Wang, Wenxin; Liu-Zeng, Jing; Yang, Jinglei; Zheng, Xucong; Wang, Zijun; Li, Mohan] Tianjin Univ, Inst Surface Earth Syst Sci, Sch Earth Syst Sci, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Wei; Zhang, Jinyu] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam & Forecasting, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Godard, Vincent] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE,CEREGE, Aix En Prov, France.
   [Godard, Vincent] Inst Univ France IUF, Paris, France.
   [Xie, Kejia] Henan Acad Geol, Zhengzhou 450000, Peoples R China.
C3 Tianjin University; China Earthquake Administration; Institute of
   Geology, CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS);
   Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); INRAE; Aix-Marseille
   Universite; Institut Universitaire de France
RP Liu-Zeng, J (corresponding author), Tianjin Univ, Inst Surface Earth Syst Sci, Sch Earth Syst Sci, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China.
EM liu_zeng@tju.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD AUG 1
PY 2025
VL 482
AR 109771
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109771
EA APR 2025
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001484137900001
ER

PT J
AU Qin, SW
   Guo, X
   Sun, JB
   Qiao, SS
   Zhang, LS
   Yao, JY
   Cheng, QS
   Zhang, YQ
AF Qin, Shengwu
   Guo, Xu
   Sun, Jingbo
   Qiao, Shuangshuang
   Zhang, Lingshuai
   Yao, Jingyu
   Cheng, Qiushi
   Zhang, Yanqing
TI Landslide Detection from Open Satellite Imagery Using Distant Domain
   Transfer Learning
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslide detection; satellite optical imagery; distant domain transfer
   learning; attention mechanism; remote sensing scene classification
ID CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES;
   DEBRIS-FLOW; CLASSIFICATION; RAINFALL
AB Using convolutional neural network (CNN) methods and satellite images for landslide identification and classification is a very efficient and popular task in geological hazard investigations. However, traditional CNNs have two disadvantages: (1) insufficient training images from the study area and (2) uneven distribution of the training set and validation set. In this paper, we introduced distant domain transfer learning (DDTL) methods for landslide detection and classification. We first introduce scene classification satellite imagery into the landslide detection task. In addition, in order to more effectively extract information from satellite images, we innovatively add an attention mechanism to DDTL (AM-DDTL). In this paper, the Longgang study area, a district in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, has only 177 samples as the landslide target domain. We examine the effect of DDTL by comparing three methods: the convolutional CNN, pretrained model and DDTL. We compare different attention mechanisms based on the DDTL. The experimental results show that the DDTL method has better detection performance than the normal CNN, and the AM-DDTL models achieve 94% classification accuracy, which is 7% higher than the conventional DDTL method. The requirements for the detection and classification of potential landslides at different disaster zones can be met by applying the AM-DDTL algorithm, which outperforms traditional CNN methods.
C1 [Qin, Shengwu; Guo, Xu; Sun, Jingbo; Qiao, Shuangshuang; Zhang, Lingshuai; Yao, Jingyu; Cheng, Qiushi; Zhang, Yanqing] Jilin Univ, Coll Construct Engn, Changchun 130026, Peoples R China.
C3 Jilin University
RP Qin, SW (corresponding author), Jilin Univ, Coll Construct Engn, Changchun 130026, Peoples R China.
EM qinsw@jlu.edu.cn; guoxu19@mails.jlu.edu.cn; sunjb19@mails.jlu.edu.cn;
   qiaoss17@mails.jlu.edu.cn; zhangls19@mails.jlu.edu.cn;
   yaojy18@mails.jlu.edu.cn; chengqs19@mails.jlu.edu.cn;
   zhangyq19@mails.jlu.edu.cn
TC 45
Z9 54
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD SEP
PY 2021
VL 13
IS 17
AR 3383
DI 10.3390/rs13173383
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000694607100001
ER

PT J
AU Guo, XJ
   Cui, P
   Li, Y
   Zhang, JQ
   Ma, L
   Mahoney, WB
AF Guo, Xiaojun
   Cui, Peng
   Li, Yong
   Zhang, Jianqiang
   Ma, Li
   Mahoney, William B.
TI Spatial features of debris flows and their rainfall thresholds in the
   Wenchuan earthquake-affected area
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; I-D relationship; Spatial distribution; Rainfall; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION CONTROL; INTENSITY; INITIATION
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake greatly altered the thresholds for rainfall-triggered debris flows within the affected area. Debris flows were widely and densely distributed, and they exhibited a range of differing local rainfall thresholds. This study looked at 518 debris flow events that occurred post-earthquake in order to analyze their spatial characteristics. The duration D (in h) and the average rainfall intensity I (in mm/h) that triggered the debris flows were determined for 252 of these events in order to analyze the spatial features of rainfall thresholds. Results show that 49 % of debris flows occurred in the highest-intensity seismic zone, 58 % occurred within 10 km of active faults, and 49 % occurred in areas with humid climate. Rainfall thresholds in these three regions were persistently lower than others. Moreover, debris flows were most frequent in watersheds smaller than 5 km(2), and rainfall thresholds tended to decrease with a decrease in watershed size. Given the abundant loose materials available throughout the study area, 11 extreme debris flow-prone sub-regions were selected to illustrate the spatial features of rainfall thresholds in relation to local climate conditions. The lowest and highest I-D thresholds in the sub-regions examined were I = 5.94D (-0.70) (2 < D < 53) and I = 21.4D (-0.58) (3 < D < 50), respectively. The lowest and mean rainfall intensities needed to trigger debris flows were power-related with the local maximum 1- and 24-h rainfall. By normalizing the rainfall intensity (I) by mean annual precipitation (MAP), the I (MAP)-D thresholds were determined. Normalized results showed that the lowest and highest I (MAP)-D thresholds were I (MAP) = 0.0034D (-0.55) (2 < D < 53) and I (MAP) = 0.0090D (-0.40) (3 < D < 51), respectively. Such results are useful for debris flow forecasting based on empirical rainfall thresholds and have implications for hazard and risk assessment in this region.
C1 [Guo, Xiaojun; Cui, Peng; Li, Yong; Zhang, Jianqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Xiaojun; Cui, Peng; Li, Yong; Zhang, Jianqiang] Asian Network Debris Flow, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Xiaojun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellencein Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Li] Sichuan Meteorol Adm, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China.
   [Mahoney, William B.] Int Eros Control Assoc, Denver, CO 80207 USA.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellencein Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 36
Z9 39
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 5
BP 1215
EP 1229
DI 10.1007/s10346-015-0608-z
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000385174600026
ER

PT J
AU Sun, SW
   Wang, JC
   Zheng, J
AF Sun, Shuwei
   Wang, Jiachen
   Zheng, Jing
TI Analysis of a railway embankment landslide induced by the Wenchuan
   earthquake, China
SO SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
DT Article
AB An embankment slope in Baoji-Chengdu railway collapsed during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. This paper presents the local geological and environmental conditions of the embankment landslide, and embankment material properties were determined through field investigations and laboratory tests on reconstituted fill samples. A series of static and pseudo-static analyses were performed to acquire a quantitative assessment of the embankment stability and critical surfaces, and the failure mode of the embankment was investigated through fully coupled nonlinear dynamic analyses. The results show that the failure surface computed by the limit equilibrium method was deeper than observed, and the failure surface configuration obtained by fully coupled dynamic response analysis agreed well with the post-failure observations; however, the computed displacement was a bit large than those observed.
C1 [Sun, Shuwei] China Univ Min & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   Northwest Res Inst Co Ltd CREC, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Mining & Technology
RP Sun, SW (corresponding author), China Univ Min & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
TC 10
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0038-0741
EI 1573-9279
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 50
IS 2
BP 56
EP 60
DI 10.1007/s11204-013-9210-3
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000321258900003
ER

PT J
AU Song, YQ
   Gong, JH
   Gao, S
   Wang, DC
   Cui, TJ
   Li, Y
   Wei, BQ
AF Song, Yiquan
   Gong, Jianhua
   Gao, Sheng
   Wang, Dongchuan
   Cui, Tiejun
   Li, Yi
   Wei, Baoquan
TI Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-induced landslides using
   Bayesian network: A case study in Beichuan, China
SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Susceptibility assessment; Bayesian network; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID HAZARD; LIKELIHOOD
AB Because of the uncertainties and complexities of the factors involved in causing landslides, it is generally difficult to analyze their influences quantitatively and to predict the probability of landslide occurrence. In this work, a hybrid method based on Bayesian network (BN) is proposed to analyze earthquake-induced landslide-causing factors and assess their effects. Our study area is Beichuan, China, where landslides have occurred in recent years, including mass landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. To provide a robust assessment of landslide probability, key techniques from landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA) modeling with BN are explored, including data acquisition and processing, BN modeling, and validation. In the study, eight landslide-causing factors were chosen as the independent variables for BN modeling. And this study shows that lithology and Arias intensity are the major factors affecting landslides in the study area. On the basis of the a posteriori probability distribution, the occurrence of a landslide is highly sensitive to relief amplitudes above 116.5 m. Using a 10-fold cross-validation and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the resulting accuracy of the BN model was determined to be 93%, which demonstrates that the model achieves a high probability of landslide detection and is a good alternative tool for landslide assessment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Song, Yiquan; Gong, Jianhua; Li, Yi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Yiquan; Cui, Tiejun] Tianjin Normal Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Tianjin 300387, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Dongchuan] Tianjin Inst Urban Construct, Tianjin 30084, Peoples R China.
   [Wei, Baoquan] Natl Marine Environm Monitoring Ctr, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin Normal University; Tianjin
   Chengjian University; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center
RP Gong, JH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM jhgong@irsa.ac.cn
TC 141
Z9 162
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0098-3004
EI 1873-7803
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 42
BP 189
EP 199
DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2011.09.011
SC Computer Science; Geology
UT WOS:000303291400022
ER

PT J
AU Gao, YF
   Liu, Y
   Geng, WJ
   Zhang, F
AF Gao, Yufeng
   Liu, Yang
   Geng, Weijuan
   Zhang, Fei
TI Seismic-induced surficial failure of cohesive slopes using
   three-dimensional limit analysis: A case study of the Wangjiayan
   landslide in Beichuan, China
SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING VIBRATION
DT Article
DE landslide; Wenchuan earthquake; surficial failure; limit analysis;
   stability; quasi-static
ID STABILITY ANALYSIS; EARTHQUAKE; EQUILIBRIUM; MODEL
AB A seismic-induced landslide is a common geological catastrophe that occurs in nature. The Wangjiayan landslide, which was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, is a typical case in point. The Wanjiayan landslide caused many casualties and resulted in enormous property loss. This study constructs a simple surficial failure model based on the upper bound approach of three-dimensional (3D) limit analysis to evaluate the slope stability of the Wangjiayan case, while a traditional two-dimensional (2D) analysis is also conducted as a reference for comparison with the results of the 3D analysis. A quasi-static calculation is used to study the effect of the earthquake in terms of horizontal ground acceleration, while a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the critical cohesion of slopes. Rather than employing a 3D analysis, using the 2D analysis yields an underestimation regarding the safety factor. In the Wangjiayan landslide, the difference in the factors of safety between the 3D and 2D analyses can reach 20%. The sliding surface morphology as determined by the 3D method is similar to actual morphology, and the parameters of both are also compared to analyze the reliability of the proposed 3D method.
C1 [Gao, Yufeng; Liu, Yang; Zhang, Fei] Hohai Univ, Coll Civil & Transportat Engn, Minist Educ Geomech & Embankment Engn, Key Lab, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
   [Geng, Weijuan] Jiangsu Univ, Fac Civil Engn & Mech, Dept Civil Engn, Zhenjiang 212013, Peoples R China.
C3 Hohai University; Jiangsu University
RP Zhang, F (corresponding author), Hohai Univ, Coll Civil & Transportat Engn, Minist Educ Geomech & Embankment Engn, Key Lab, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
EM feizhang@hhu.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1671-3664
EI 1993-503X
PD JUL
PY 2024
VL 23
IS 3
BP 537
EP 545
DI 10.1007/s11803-024-2255-7
SC Engineering
UT WOS:001267120200002
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, LM
   Xu, Y
   Huang, RQ
   Chang, DS
AF Zhang, L. M.
   Xu, Y.
   Huang, R. Q.
   Chang, D. S.
TI Particle flow and segregation in a giant landslide event triggered by
   the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID SIZE SEGREGATION; PROVINCE; DAMS
AB During the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a large landslide of approximately 30 millionm(3) occurred at Donghekou with a particle run-out distance of over 2000 m. This paper presents fascinating particle flow and segregation characteristics in the landslide process found through field investigation of changes in the soil particle size, density, and fabric along the particle movement paths. The soil particles experienced projection, long-distance flying, sliding, and rolling. Trajectory segregation, inverse grading, and particle crushing were found in the landslide event, which contributed to the heterogeneity of the soil deposits. In the initial deposition area, particles with larger diameters appeared to have flown longer. Materials from different sources mixed, forming more uniform debris. In the run-out area, the particle flow tended to cause large particles to travel further. However, particle disintegration and crushing led to more small particles along the movement paths and the observed characteristic flow distances of very large particles did not increase with the particle diameter, which is different from observations of an idealized granular mass flow.
C1 [Zhang, L. M.; Xu, Y.; Chang, D. S.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, L. M.; Huang, R. Q.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Y.] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Chengdu University of
   Technology; China Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Research
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 58
Z9 68
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1153
EP 1162
DI 10.5194/nhess-11-1153-2011
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000290015200015
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, HZ
   Chi, TH
   Fan, JR
   Hu, KH
   Peng, L
AF Zhang, Huaizhen
   Chi, Tianhe
   Fan, Jianrong
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Peng, Ling
TI Spatial Analysis of Wenchuan Earthquake-Damaged Vegetation in the
   Mountainous Basins and Its Applications
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; GIS; RECOVERY; HAZARDS
AB The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake induced landslides that destroyed large swaths of mountain vegetation. Presently, the damaged vegetation areas are exhibiting various stages of recovery depending on environments. A spatial analysis of earthquake-damaged and recovered vegetation can provide useful information for understanding landslide processes. The mountainous watersheds of the Minjiang River Upstream, near Yinxiu Town (one of the highest seismic intensity zones during the Wenchuan earthquake) were selected. A DSAL (digital elevation model (DEM), slope, aspect and lithology) spatial zonation method was established to detect natural features of the vegetation survival environments, and damaged and recovered vegetation areas were extracted using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) changes form multi-temporal (2001-2014) Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper/Operational Land Imager (TM/ETM/OLI) images. Statistical results show that the vegetation growth was mainly controlled by its survival environments, and vegetation has coupling relations with slope stability. Then, the slope stability model was developed through multivariate analysis of earthquake-damaged vegetation and its controlling factors (i.e., topographic environments and material properties). Application to the Mianyuan River and Subao River basins validated the proposed model, showing that monitoring the vegetation (using the remote sensing images) can be used to assess the slope stability, and model results show what vegetative conditions with its survival environments are susceptible to landslide processes, although the predicted values may be higher than the actual values in the most mountainous basins. Our modeling approach may also be valuable for use in other regions prone to landslide hazards.
C1 [Zhang, Huaizhen; Chi, Tianhe; Peng, Ling] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Huaizhen; Fan, Jianrong; Hu, Kaiheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Huaizhen] Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Chi, TH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM zhanghz@radi.ac.cn; chith@radi.ac.cn; fjrong@imde.ac.cn;
   khhu@imde.ac.cn; PL20158@126.com
TC 18
Z9 20
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 7
IS 5
BP 5785
EP 5804
DI 10.3390/rs70505785
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000357596900002
ER

PT J
AU Ren, ZK
   Zhang, ZQ
   Dai, FC
   Yin, JH
   Zhang, HP
AF Ren, Zhikun
   Zhang, Zhuqi
   Dai, Fuchu
   Yin, Jinhui
   Zhang, Huiping
TI Co-seismic landslide topographic analysis based on multi-temporal DEM-A
   case study of the Wenchuan earthquake
SO SPRINGERPLUS
DT Article
DE Co-seismic landslide; Topographic; PGA; Multi-temporal DEM; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID EASTERN MARGIN; SLIP SURFACE; MOTION; OBLIQUE; EVOLUTION; REVERSE;
   FAULT; FIELD; BELT
AB Hillslope instability has been thought to be one of the most important factors for landslide susceptibility. In this study, we apply geomorphic analysis using multi-temporal DEM data and shake intensity analysis to evaluate the topographic characteristics of the landslide areas. There are many geomorphologic analysis methods such as roughness, slope aspect, which are also as useful as slope analysis. The analyses indicate that most of the co-seismic landslides occurred in regions with roughness, hillslope and slope aspect of >1.2, >30, and between 90 and 270, respectively. However, the intersection regions from the above three methods are more accurate than that derived by applying single topographic analysis method. The ground motion data indicates that the co-seismic landslides mainly occurred on the hanging wall side of Longmen Shan Thrust Belt within the up-down and horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) contour of 150 PGA and 200 gal, respectively. The comparisons of pre- and post-earthquake DEM data indicate that the medium roughness and slope increased, the roughest and steepest regions decreased after the Wenchuan earthquake. However, slope aspects did not even change. Our results indicate that co-seismic landslides mainly occurred at specific regions of high roughness, southward and steep sloping areas under strong ground motion. Co-seismic landslides significantly modified the local topography, especially the hillslope and roughness. The roughest relief and steepest slope are significantly smoothed; however, the medium relief and slope become rougher and steeper, respectively.
C1 [Ren, Zhikun; Zhang, Zhuqi; Yin, Jinhui; Zhang, Huiping] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Dai, Fuchu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Ren, ZK (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM rzk@ies.ac.cn
TC 10
Z9 10
PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG
PI CHAM
PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND
SN 2193-1801
PY 2013
VL 2
AR 544
DI 10.1186/2193-1801-2-544
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000209465100116
ER

PT J
AU Kidyaeva, V
   Chernomorets, S
   Krylenko, I
   Wei, FQ
   Petrakov, D
   Su, PC
   Yang, HJ
   Xiong, JN
AF Kidyaeva, Vera
   Chernomorets, Sergey
   Krylenko, Inna
   Wei, Fangqiang
   Petrakov, Dmitry
   Su, Pengcheng
   Yang, Hongjuan
   Xiong, Junnan
TI Modeling potential scenarios of the Tangjiashan Lake outburst and risk
   assessment in the downstream valley
SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Water and Environmental Sustainability Symposium
CY OCT 20, 2015
CL Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA
HO Tsinghua Univ
DE Tangjiashan Lake; landslide-dammed lake outburst; hydrodynamic modeling;
   risk assessment
ID TRIGGERED LANDSLIDE DAM; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FLOOD; IMPACT; FAILURE;
   HAZARDS; BREACH
AB This research is devoted to Tangjiashan Lake, a quake landslide-dammed lake, situated in Sichuan Province, China, which was formed by a landslide triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake on 12 May 2008. A STREAM_2D two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Russia was applied to simulate the process of two flood scenarios: 1, lake dam outbreak, and 2, dam overtopping. An artificial dam outbreak was made after the earthquake to lower the water level of the lake in 2008, which led to a great flood with a maximum water discharge of more than 6400 m(3)/s. The negative impact of the flood was reduced by a timely evacuation of the population. Flood hazards still remain in the event of new landslides into the lake and lake dam overtopping (Scenario 2), in which case a maximum water discharge at the dam crest would reach 5000 m(3)/s, placing the population of Shabacun and Shilingzi villages in the zone of flood impact.
C1 [Kidyaeva, Vera; Chernomorets, Sergey; Krylenko, Inna; Petrakov, Dmitry] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Fac Geog, Moscow 119991, Russia.
   [Wei, Fangqiang; Su, Pengcheng; Yang, Hongjuan; Xiong, Junnan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wei, Fangqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Green & Intelligent Technol, Chongqing 400714, Peoples R China.
C3 Lomonosov Moscow State University; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Chongqing Institute of Green & Intelligent Technology, CAS
RP Kidyaeva, V (corresponding author), Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Fac Geog, Moscow 119991, Russia.
EM veramkid@gmail.com
TC 9
Z9 9
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 2095-0195
EI 2095-0209
PD SEP
PY 2017
VL 11
IS 3
SI SI
BP 579
EP 591
DI 10.1007/s11707-017-0640-5
SC Geology
UT WOS:000405707000013
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, GGD
   Zhou, MJ
   Shrestha, MS
   Song, DR
   Choi, CE
   Cui, KFE
   Peng, M
   Shi, ZM
   Zhu, XH
   Chen, HY
AF Zhou, Gordon G. D.
   Zhou, Mingjun
   Shrestha, Mandira Singh
   Song, Dongri
   Choi, Clarence E.
   Cui, Kahlil Fredrick E.
   Peng, Ming
   Shi, Zhenming
   Zhu, Xinghua
   Chen, Huayong
TI Experimental investigation on the longitudinal evolution of landslide
   dam breaching and outburst floods
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Overtopping failure; Hydrograph; Erosion rate
ID DEBRIS-FLOW; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HYDRAULIC EROSION; FAILURE;
   SIMULATION; PROPAGATION; SEDIMENT; RIVER; EMBANKMENTS; ERODIBILITY
AB Accurate prediction of the evolution of a landslide darn that is breached due to overtopping failure is necessary to estimate the outflow hydrograph and the resulting inundation. In this study, physical flume tests on the breaching of landslide dams were conducted. A wide grain size distribution with unconsolidated dam material was used. Dam breaching was initiated by cutting a notch across the crest of the darn adjacent to the side wall of the flume. This allowed water to escape from the dam while a steady inflow of water was continuously supplied upstream. The effects of upstream inflow on the timescales and magnitudes of the peak discharges and the time to inflection point were also investigated. Experimental results reveal that the whole hydrodynamic process of dam breaching can be divided into three stages defined by clear inflection points and peak discharge. A new longitudinal evolution model is proposed. This model captures the initial increase of the soil erosion rate (of landslide dam) and its subsequent decrease along the longitudinal direction. In addition, a linear relationship between the soil erosion rate and shear stress (of water flow) was observed and this is similar to that observed in large-scale natural landslide dams. Furthermore, soil erosion resistances (of landslide dam) against water flow above are observed to increase with the concentration of entrained sediments along the flow direction. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhou, Gordon G. D.; Zhou, Mingjun; Song, Dongri; Cui, Kahlil Fredrick E.; Chen, Huayong] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Gordon G. D.; Zhou, Mingjun; Song, Dongri; Cui, Kahlil Fredrick E.; Chen, Huayong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Shrestha, Mandira Singh] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev ICIMOD, Patan, Nepal.
   [Choi, Clarence E.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Choi, Clarence E.] HKUST Jockey Club Inst Adv Study, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Choi, Clarence E.] HKUST Fok Ying Tung Grad Sch, Nansha, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, Ming; Shi, Zhenming] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Xinghua] Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Surveying, Key Lab Western China Mineral Resources & Geol En, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology;
   Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Tongji University;
   Chang'an University
RP Zhou, MJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM mjzhou@imde.ac.cn
TC 108
Z9 132
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JUN 1
PY 2019
VL 334
BP 29
EP 43
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.02.035
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000469307200002
ER

PT J
AU Liu, B
   Zhang, YF
   Hu, XW
   Li, J
   Yuan, K
   He, K
   Cui, J
   Yin, ZH
AF Liu, Bo
   Zhang, Yufang
   Hu, Xiewen
   Li, Jian
   Yuan, Kun
   He, Kun
   Cui, Jian
   Yin, Zhenhua
TI Kinetic characteristics investigation of the Yingxingping rockslide
   based on discrete element method combined with discrete fracture network
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ROCK AVALANCHE; DEBRIS FLOW;
   LANDSLIDE; KINEMATICS; MOUNTAINS; MECHANISM; SICHUAN; HAZARD
AB The development of rock fractures on the mountain ridge in meizoseismal area may lead to fatal rockslides. This study focused on a catastrophic post-earthquake rockslide case in Wenchuan, Southwestern China. On-site investigation and aerial photography were used to ascertained the basic characteristics and determine three regions: the source area, transitional area, and depositional area. A three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) with the discrete fracture network (DFN) was employed to assess the dynamic process of the rockslide. The sliding mass disintegrated quickly into smaller blocks, with those in the front-edge reaching the bottom of the slope earlier and experiencing higher acceleration. The maximum velocity and displacement of the sliding blocks were found to be 56.75 ms-1 and 508.61 m, respectively, lasting for approximately 104.45 s. The effects of fractures density and friction angle on the kinetic characteristics of rockslide were analysed, and the check dam was utilized to prevent the rockslide deposit in the debris flow gully. This study provides referenced information for assessing the kinetic process and preventing post-earthquake rockslides in meizoseismal areas.
C1 [Liu, Bo; Hu, Xiewen; He, Kun; Cui, Jian] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yufang; Li, Jian; Yuan, Kun; Yin, Zhenhua] China Acad Railway Sci Corp Ltd, Railway Engn Res Inst, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yufang; Li, Jian; Yuan, Kun; Yin, Zhenhua] China Acad Railway Sci Corp Ltd, State Key Lab Track Syst High Speed Railway, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Liu, B (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
EM liubogeology@gmail.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PD OCT 30
PY 2025
VL 25
IS 11
BP 4247
EP 4262
DI 10.5194/nhess-25-4247-2025
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001604336100001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XL
   Ran, HL
   Wang, MM
AF Chen Xiao-Li
   Ran Hong-Liu
   Wang Ming-Ming
TI Hazards zonation for potential earthquake-induced landslide area
SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Earthquake-induced landslide; Potential seismic
   source zone; Seismic hazard analysis; Earthquake-induced landslide
   zoning
AB Earthquake-induced landslide is different from landslide triggered by rainstorms. A Compared with landslides caused by rain, landslides induced by earthquake have more wide and dense space distribution and bigger scale, and can cause tremendous loss both to properties and lives. Earthquake-induced landslides usually cannot be prevented by current mitigation measures, thus, it becomes more and more important to develop a useful skill of assessing the hazard of landslides triggered by earthquake for land planning. This paper presents a method for zonation A of potential earthquake-induced landslide area based on seismic hazard analysis. The approach takes account of uncertainty about earthquake location, intensity and recurrence, as well as space distribution of seismic peak ground acceleration. The study selects the damaged region in 2008. 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake as target area, and divided potential seismic source zone on the studying of geology, tectonics and seismic activity in this region. On the basis of potential seismic source zone division, this paper calculates the seismic peak ground acceleration according to different probability of exceedance of 10%, 5% and 2% in 50a using seismic hazard analysis method proposed by Cornell in 1968, and then assesses earthquake-induced landslide hazard of study region with comprehensive indexes model. In this model, the hazard is classified into 4 grades as high, secondary high, secondary low and low, and five indexes are used including seismic peak ground acceleration, slope angle, rock type, and distance to faults and rivers. The result of hazards zonation for potential earthquake-induced landslide in the study area shows that landslide areas in Wenchuan earthquake such as Wenchuan county, Beichuan county, Maoxian county et al, are located at areas of high or secondary high grades. In Leiguzhen area of Beichuan county, where high resolution DEM data is available, the zonation result shows good correlation with reality. The assessed result can be used as reference for primary land planning and site choosing for great projects.
C1 [Chen Xiao-Li; Ran Hong-Liu; Wang Ming-Ming] CEA, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration
RP Chen, XL (corresponding author), CEA, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM 04chxl@sina.com
TC 5
Z9 11
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0001-5733
PD APR
PY 2012
VL 55
IS 4
BP 1269
EP 1277
DI 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.022
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000303362400022
ER

PT J
AU Yuan, RM
   Tang, CL
   Hu, JC
   Xu, XW
AF Yuan, R. -M.
   Tang, C. -L.
   Hu, J. -C.
   Xu, X. -W.
TI Mechanism of the Donghekou landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan
   earthquake revealed by discrete element modeling
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; FLOW; STABILITY; TAIWAN
AB The huge Donghekou landslide was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 with about 2.4x10(7) m(3) of rock displaced. The landslide is considered as an example of an earthquake-induced "ejection" event, where dislocated slope materials was expelled over a section of the slope, but the kinematic processes are not well understood. We used the 2-D granular discrete element method to characterize the kinematic behavior and mechanics of this "ejection landslide". The initial boundary conditions were applied along the ball-wall contacts by using derived velocities integrated from strong motion data with a duration of 125 s, including the peak acceleration near the Donghekou area. The constraints were primarily determined from the final geometry of the landslide and geological structures to account for the actual landslide characteristics. Simulated results showed that the large local seismic acceleration and a free face under the sliding body, caused by the dip difference between the upper slide face and the natural slope, originated from the activation of the landslide. For the lower sliding body, its kinematic mechanism was changed during sliding. Initially it was a push-type landslide, and then gradually changed to a retrogressive landslide. The eroded bed on the slope during the landslide had the potential of slightly increasing the runout distance from 1435 to 1519 m, and was predicted in the numerical simulation.
C1 [Yuan, R. -M.; Xu, X. -W.] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Active Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Yuan, R. -M.] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, C. -L.; Hu, J. -C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; China Earthquake Administration;
   Institute of Geology, CEA; National Taiwan University
RP Hu, JC (corresponding author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
EM jchu@ntu.edu.tw
TC 41
Z9 47
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PY 2014
VL 14
IS 5
BP 1195
EP 1205
DI 10.5194/nhess-14-1195-2014
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000337948700012
ER

PT J
AU Guo, XJ
   Cui, P
   Marchi, L
   Ge, YG
AF Guo, Xiaojun
   Cui, Peng
   Marchi, Lorenzo
   Ge, Yonggang
TI Characteristics of rainfall responsible for debris flows in Wenchuan
   Earthquake area
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Inducing rainfall; Triggering rainfall intensity; Rainfall
   thresholds; Wenchuan Earthquake area
ID THRESHOLDS; LANDSLIDES; INITIATION
AB The ability to forecast debris flows is important because of their frequent occurrence and potential for large-scale damage in the Wenchuan Earthquake-hit area. Accurate understanding of the characteristics of rainfall responsible for triggering debris flows is necessary for an effective early warning procedure. This study examined the general characteristics and spatiotemporal variation of rainfall events that responsible for debris flows. Analysis was performed on rainfall data extracted during 2008-2013. The results revealed that the rainfall thresholds for debris flows varied annually and showed tendency toward higher conditions required. The coefficient of variation of relevant rainfall events indicated that the characteristics of the rainstorms changed. In addition, the coefficient of deviation revealed the spatial variation of rainfall in subregions, which was attributed to differences of the local climatic conditions that control debris flow occurrence. The primary controlling rainfall indices for triggering debris flows were filtered, and the most suitable models for establishing rainfall thresholds were selected. Ultimately, the rainfall thresholds were obtained for each subregion within the study area.
C1 [Guo, Xiaojun; Cui, Peng; Ge, Yonggang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Marchi, Lorenzo] CNR, IRPI, I-35127 Padua, Italy.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan
   Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth
   Sciences (CETES), CAS; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR);
   Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI-CNR)
RP Ge, YG (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM gyg@imde.ac.cn
TC 24
Z9 30
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD SEP
PY 2017
VL 76
IS 17
AR 596
DI 10.1007/s12665-017-6940-y
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000410817000008
ER

PT J
AU Ding, HR
   Li, Y
   Shao, CJ
   Svirchev, L
   Xu, Q
   Yan, ZK
   Yan, L
   Ni, SJ
   Shi, ZM
AF Ding Hairong
   Li Yong
   Shao Chongjian
   Svirchev, Lauvence
   Xu Qiang
   Yan Zhaokun
   Yan Liang
   Ni Shijun
   Shi Zeming
TI Mechanism of post-seismic floods after the Wenchuan earthquake in the
   upper Minjiang River, China
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Minjiang River; heavy rainfall; post-seismic
   floods; orographically-enhanced precipitation
ID OROGENIC GROWTH; SICHUAN; LANDSLIDES; SEDIMENT; RAINFALL; REGION
AB By analyzing the multi-year runoff and rainfall data at 15 hydrological stations from 1980 to 2007, as well as monthly runoff data from 1964 to 1984 at the Zipingpu hydrologic station, the relationship between precipitation and runoff has been established and the trend was explored. Based on the catastrophic floods of August 13 and August 18, 2010, characteristics and control factors on the post-seismic floods are summarized. Firstly, the Wenchuan earthquake and rupture zone provides the background for post-seismic floods to develop in the upper Minjiang River, which follows a post-seismic disaster-chain pattern: earthquake collapse to landslide debris flows to floods. Secondly, heavy rainfall controlled by the orographically-enhanced precipitation after the Wenchuan earthquake is the trigger factor for the development of devastating post-seismic floods. Thirdly, the post-seismic floods contain high sediment discharge, cause abrupt and severe damages, and have a large of volume and higher frequency.
C1 [Ding Hairong; Xu Qiang; Ni Shijun; Shi Zeming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ding Hairong; Xu Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Environm & Civil Engn, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li Yong; Shao Chongjian; Yan Zhaokun; Yan Liang] Chengdu Univ Technol, Natl Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Explorat, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Svirchev, Lauvence] Chengdu Univ Technol, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Li, Y (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Natl Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Explorat, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM liy@cdut.edu.cn
TC 10
Z9 10
PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES
PI BANGALORE
PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA
SN 0253-4126
EI 0973-774X
PD OCT
PY 2017
VL 126
IS 7
AR 96
DI 10.1007/s12040-017-0871-6
SC Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000413442700005
ER

PT J
AU Cui, P
   Zhu, XH
AF Cui, Peng
   Zhu, Xinghua
TI SURGE GENERATION IN RESERVOIRS BY LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY THE WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE
SO JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
DT Article
DE Landslide; impulsive wave; surge; Wenchuan Earthquake; Zipingpu
   Reservoir
ID WAVES
AB Landslides can result in rocks and soil falling into reservoir at high velocity, thereby triggering large surface waves, which may threaten navigation vessels, dam stability, and lives and properties along the shore. This paper presents the results of an experimental study into surges caused by landslides entering reservoirs. First, eight factors water depth, sliding impact velocity, slide volume, slide width, slide thickness, the mass of the slide blocks, sliding slope, and drop height of the mass center - were chosen as key parameters. Then, these were combined into four dimensionless factors: Froude number for sliding velocity, landslide scale, slide thickness and slide impact angle (radian measure). In addition, based on data from 145 model tests, empirical equations for prediction of the first and second impulsive wave heights were developed through nondimensional multiple linear regression analysis. These equations were applied to landslides triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake along the shore of Zipingpu Reservoir. The calculated results were found to be in good agreement with field surveys and with calculations by other formulas; the proposed formula is believed preferable in that it incorporates dimension parameters and slope of the sliding surface.
C1 [Cui, Peng; Zhu, Xinghua] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Xinghua] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 18
Z9 23
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 1793-4311
EI 1793-7116
PD DEC
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 5
SI SI
BP 461
EP 474
DI 10.1142/S1793431111001194
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering
UT WOS:000297520800004
ER

PT J
AU Yang, FG
   Liang, Y
   Singh, VP
   Wang, WS
   Zhou, XQ
   Liu, XN
   Cao, SY
   Huang, E
   Wu, YH
AF Yang Feng-guang
   Liang Yue
   Singh, Vijay P.
   Wang Wen-sheng
   Zhou Xiao-quan
   Liu Xing-nian
   Cao Shu-you
   Huang Er
   Wu Yan-hua
TI Debris flow hazard assessment using set pair analysis models: Take
   Beichuan county as an example
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Set Pair Analysis (SPA); Modified Set Pair Analysis (mSPA); Debris flow;
   Hazard assessment; Connection degree
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CHINA; PROVINCE; SYSTEM
AB Assessment of debris flow hazards is important for developing measures to mitigate the loss of life and property and to minimize environmental damage. Two modified uncertainty models, Set Pair Analysis (SPA) and modified Set Pair Analysis (mSPA), were suggested to assess the regional debris flow hazard. A case study was conducted in seven towns of the Beichuan county, Sichuan Province, China, to test and compare the application of these two models in debris flow hazard assessment. The results showed that mSPA only can fit for value-variables, but not for non value-variable assessment indexes, Furthermore, as for a given assessment index xi, mSPA only considers two cases, namely, when grade value increases with xi and when grade value decreases with x (i) . Thus, mSPA can not be used for debris flow hazard assessment but SPA is credible for the assessment because there are no limitations when using SPA model to assess the debris flow hazard. Therefore, in this study SPA is proposed for assessing debris flow hazard.
C1 [Yang Feng-guang; Liang Yue; Wang Wen-sheng; Zhou Xiao-quan; Liu Xing-nian; Cao Shu-you; Huang Er; Wu Yan-hua] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Yang Feng-guang; Wang Wen-sheng; Zhou Xiao-quan; Liu Xing-nian; Cao Shu-you; Huang Er; Wu Yan-hua] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Singh, Vijay P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
C3 Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Texas A&M University System;
   Texas A&M University College Station
RP Zhou, XQ (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM yfg1243@aliyun.com; 27521656@qq.com
TC 19
Z9 23
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUL
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1015
EP 1022
DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2495-x
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000339377000018
ER

PT J
AU Liu, DL
   Zhang, SJ
   Yang, HJ
   Zhao, LQ
   Jiang, YH
   Tang, D
   Leng, XP
AF Liu, D. L.
   Zhang, S. J.
   Yang, H. J.
   Zhao, L. Q.
   Jiang, Y. H.
   Tang, D.
   Leng, X. P.
TI Application and analysis of debris-flow early warning system in Wenchuan
   earthquake-affected area
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID CRITICAL RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; SOIL COUPLING MECHANISM; SHALLOW
   LANDSLIDES; DURATION CONTROL; REGIONAL-SCALE; INITIATION; SLOPE;
   INTENSITY; RUNOFF; FAILURES
AB The activities of debris flow (DF) in theWenchuan earthquake-affected area significantly increased after the earthquake on 12 May 2008. The safety of the lives and property of local people is threatened by DFs. A physics-based early warning system (EWS) for DF forecasting was developed and applied in this earthquake area. This paper introduces an application of the system in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area and analyzes the prediction results via a comparison to the DF events triggered by the strong rainfall events reported by the local government. The prediction accuracy and efficiency was first compared with a contribution-factor-based system currently used by the weather bureau of Sichuan province. The storm on 17 August 2012 was used as a case study for this comparison. The comparison shows that the false negative rate and false positive rate of the new system is, respectively, 19 and 21% lower than the system based on the contribution factors. Consequently, the prediction accuracy is obviously higher than the system based on the contribution factors with a higher operational efficiency. On the invitation of the weather bureau of Sichuan province, the authors upgraded their prediction system of DF by using this new system before the monsoon of Wenchuan earthquake-affected area in 2013. Two prediction cases on 9 July 2013 and 10 July 2014 were chosen to further demonstrate that the new EWS has high stability, efficiency, and prediction accuracy.
C1 [Liu, D. L.; Zhang, S. J.; Yang, H. J.; Jiang, Y. H.; Leng, X. P.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, D. L.] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, D. L.; Tang, D.] Chengdu Univ Informat & Technol, Coll Software Engn, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, L. Q.] CMA, Publ Meteorol Serv Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chengdu University of Information Technology;
   China Meteorological Administration; Public Meteorological Service
   Center, China Meteorological Administration
RP Zhang, SJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM sj-zhang@imde.ac.cn
TC 16
Z9 16
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PY 2016
VL 16
IS 2
BP 483
EP 496
DI 10.5194/nhess-16-483-2016
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000373920100013
ER

PT J
AU Gong, JY
   Sui, HG
   Sun, KM
   Ma, GR
   Liu, JY
AF Gong JianYa
   Sui HaiGang
   Sun KaiMin
   Ma GuoRui
   Liu JunYi
TI Object-level change detection based on full-scale image segmentation and
   its application to Wenchuan Earthquake
SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES E-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES
DT Article
DE change detection; convexity model; image segmentation; full-scale object
   tree; Wenchuan Earthquake
AB Aiming at object fragmentation and poor detection results caused by discontinuous segmentation scale in object-level change detection, a new object-level change detection method based on the full-scale object tree is presented in this paper. The core idea of this new algorithm is to establish the full-scale object tree based on convexity model theory and integrate full-scale image segmentation techniques and change detection into the whole process. Some Wenchuan Earthquake images are taken as an example to discuss the new method for earthquake damage detection and evaluation in urban area, landslide detection, and extraction of barrier lake boundary. The application shows that the new method is robust and it provides an advanced tool for the quantitative detection and evaluation of earthquake damage.
C1 [Gong JianYa; Sui HaiGang; Sun KaiMin; Ma GuoRui; Liu JunYi] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
C3 Wuhan University
RP Gong, JY (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
EM jgong@lmars.whu.edu.cn
TC 21
Z9 28
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1006-9321
PD DEC
PY 2008
VL 51
SU 2
BP 110
EP 122
DI 10.1007/s11431-008-6017-y
SC Engineering; Materials Science
UT WOS:000265526700011
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XQ
   You, Y
   Chen, JG
   Huang, K
   Li, DJ
AF Chen Xiao-qing
   You Yong
   Chen Jian-gang
   Huang Kai
   Li De-ji
TI Characteristics of a drainage channel with staggered indented sills for
   controlling debris flows
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Drainage channel; Staggered indented sill; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID LANDSLIDES
AB The characteristics of a new type of drainage channel with staggered indented sills for controlling debris flows were studied. The intermediate fluid in the non-viscous debris flow exhibited a helical movement, whereas the fluid near the sidewall had a stop-start movement pattern; the viscous debris flow exhibited a stable structure between the indented sills. The experimental results indicate that the mean velocity of the debris flow increased with increasing channel gradients, and the debris flow velocity was slightly affected by the angle of the sills. The average velocity of the non-viscous debris flow increased in the range of (0.5-1.5) interval between the indented sills, whereas the average velocity of the viscous debris flow increased initially and then decreased in the range of (0.75-1.25) interval between the indented sills. The depth of the non-viscous debris flow tended to gradually increase as the channel gradients increased, whereas the depth of the viscous debris flow gradually decreased as the channel gradients increased. When the discharge of the debris flow was constant, the angle and the interval between the indented sills had a slight effect on the depth of the viscous debris flow, whereas the depth of the non-viscous debris flow exhibited a different trend, as the sill angles and intervals were varied.
C1 [Chen Xiao-qing; You Yong; Chen Jian-gang; Huang Kai; Li De-ji] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Xiao-qing; You Yong; Chen Jian-gang; Huang Kai; Li De-ji] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Xiao-qing; You Yong; Chen Jian-gang; Huang Kai; Li De-ji] Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Chen, XQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM xqchen@imde.ac.cn
TC 12
Z9 14
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD SEP
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 5
BP 1242
EP 1252
DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2917-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000342223500013
ER

PT J
AU Yin, YP
   Li, B
   Gao, Y
   Wang, WP
   Zhang, SL
   Zhang, N
AF Yin, Yueping
   Li, Bin
   Gao, Yang
   Wang, Wenpei
   Zhang, Shilin
   Zhang, Nan
TI Geostructures, dynamics and risk mitigation of high-altitude and
   long-runout rockslides
SO JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Rockslide; High-altitude and long-runout; Sliding-prone geostructure;
   Large-scale experimental apparatus; Risk mitigation strategy; Structural
   prevention technique
ID ROCK AVALANCHE; DEBRIS FLOW; CATASTROPHIC LANDSLIDE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
   GRANULAR FLOWS; MODEL; EARTHQUAKE; MOTION; JIWEISHAN; FRAGMENTATION
AB Long-runout rockslides at high altitude could cause disaster chain in river basins and destroy towns and major infrasturctures. This paper firstly explores the initiation mechanism of high-altitude and long-runout rockslides. Two types of sliding-prone geostructure models, i.e. the fault control type in orogenic belt and the fold control type in platform area, are proposed. Then, large-scale experimental apparatus and associated numerical simulations are conducted to understanding the chain-style dynamics of rockslide-debris avalanche-debris flow. The results reveal the fragmentation effects, the rheological behaviors and the boundary layer effect of long-runout avalanche-debris flow. The dynamic characteristics of quasi-static-transition-inertia state and solid-liquid coupling in rapid movement of rockslide-debris avalanche-debris flow are investigated. Finally, the risk mitigation strategy of the non-structure and structure for resilient energy dissipation are illustrated for initiation, transition and deposition zones. The structural prevention and mitigation methods have been successfully applied to the high-altitude and long-runout rockslides in Zhouqu and Maoxian of the Wenchuan earthquake zone, as well as the other major geohazards in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas. (c) 2022 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
C1 [Yin, Yueping; Wang, Wenpei; Zhang, Nan] China Geol Survey, China Inst Geol Environm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Yin, Yueping; Li, Bin; Gao, Yang] Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Active Tecton & Geol Safety, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Bin; Gao, Yang] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, China Geol Survey, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Shilin] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's
   Republic of China; China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics,
   Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological
   Sciences; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Yin, YP (corresponding author), China Geol Survey, China Inst Geol Environm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.; Li, B (corresponding author), Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Active Tecton & Geol Safety, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM yinypcgs@hotmail.com; libin1102@163.com
TC 66
Z9 84
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-7755
EI 2589-0417
PD JAN
PY 2023
VL 15
IS 1
BP 66
EP 101
DI 10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.11.001
EA JAN 2023
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000950190300003
ER

PT J
AU Chen, NS
   Lu, Y
   Deng, MF
   Han, DW
   Zhou, HB
   Yang, CL
AF Chen Ning-sheng
   Lu Yang
   Deng Ming-feng
   Han Da-wei
   Zhou Hai-bo
   Yang Cheng-lin
TI Comparative study on debris flow initiation in limestone and sandstone
   spoil
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Comparative study; Reconstruction spoil; Initiation
   mechanism; Mitigation measures
ID MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR
AB Large spoil tips from reconstruction works as a result of the Wenchuan Earthquake in China are new debris flow hazards to the human society. However, there is a lack of detailed comparative study on debris flow initiation in different spoil materials. This paper describes a series of tests and analyses on debris flow characteristics (initiation, scale and mechanism) at six sites with limestone and sandstone materials near the Dujiangyan area. Research shows the limestone spoil contains debris flow prone clay content with high concentration of montmorillonite (highly expandable). In addition, limestone spoil is of such a low permeability that water mainly concentrates in the upper surface layer. Those factors make it easy for the increase of pore water pressure, decline of internal friction and conhesion force, leading to the occurence of large debris flows. In contrast, the sandstone spoil is less problematic and causes no major debris flow threats. Based on our research on the mechanism, the"stereometric drainage"method is sucessfully applied to control limestone spoil debris flows.
C1 [Chen Ning-sheng; Lu Yang; Deng Ming-feng; Zhou Hai-bo; Yang Cheng-lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Lu Yang; Zhou Hai-bo] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Han Da-wei] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of Bristol
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM chennsh@imde.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 5
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2013
VL 10
IS 2
BP 190
EP 198
DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2594-8
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000317352800002
ER

PT J
AU Jaimes, MAA
   Quintero, DCR
   Contreras, JDO
   Rios, DFB
   Camacho, MAT
AF Jaimes, Miguel Angel Alvarez
   Quintero, Daniel Camilo Roman
   Contreras, Jose David Ortiz
   Rios, Diego Fernando Bedoya
   Camacho, Mauricio Alberto Tapias
TI Implications of landslide runout modeling for vulnerability assessment:
   Benchmarking from a case study in the andean region
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
DT Article
DE Debris-flow simulation; Infrastructure exposure; Analytic Hierarchy
   process; Empirical modeling; Multidimensional modeling; Model
   performance evaluation
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS; FLOWS; PREDICTION; DEPOSITS; TOOLS
AB The vulnerability to landslides depends on both the susceptibility of the exposed elements and the intensity of the landslide, which is commonly characterized by its motion mechanism. This study proposes a quantitative evaluation framework to assess the implications of using different models for predicting the landslide runout distance (LRD) on vulnerability, estimated through two distinct vulnerability functions. The analysis focuses on a debris flow that impacted a major highway in the Colombian Andes. The event, with a triggered volume of 340 m3, a runout of 84 m, and a vertical drop of 42 m, serves as a benchmark for evaluating model performance. The findings provide insights into the influence of material type, flow regime, and model uncertainty on LRD and vulnerability estimates. Empirical methods enabled rapid assessments but exhibited high variability (LRD errors up to 120 %). Analytical models, particularly the sliding block model, offered a balance between simplicity and physical realism, overestimating LRD by 14 % without calibration while also providing velocity estimates. Multidimensional (2D/3D) models, though resource-intensive, best reproduced the observed behavior; the 3D model closely matched the measured runout when calibrated with high-friction parameters and GIS-derived inputs. A benchmarking analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) identified the sliding block model as the most effective overall, combining accuracy, functionality, and usability. These results highlight that model selection should align with the intended application: empirical models for rapid screening, analytical models for design purposes, and multidimensional models for detailed vulnerability assessments.
C1 [Jaimes, Miguel Angel Alvarez] Univ Ind Santander, Escuela Ingn Civil, Cl 9 27, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia.
   [Quintero, Daniel Camilo Roman; Contreras, Jose David Ortiz; Camacho, Mauricio Alberto Tapias] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Ingn Civil & Agr, Carrera 30 Calle 45-03, Bogota 111321, Colombia.
   [Quintero, Daniel Camilo Roman] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Water Management, Bldg 23 Stevinweg 1, NL-2628 CN Delft, Netherlands.
   [Rios, Diego Fernando Bedoya] Fdn Univ Agr Colombia, Escuela Ingn Civil, Calle 170 54a, Bogota 110911, Colombia.
C3 Universidad Industrial de Santander; Universidad Nacional de Colombia;
   Delft University of Technology; Fundacion Universitaria Agraria de
   Colombia
RP Quintero, DCR (corresponding author), Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Ingn Civil & Agr, Carrera 30 Calle 45-03, Bogota 111321, Colombia.
EM dromanquintero@tudelft.nl
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 2212-4209
PD DEC
PY 2025
VL 131
AR 105920
DI 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105920
EA NOV 2025
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001626846300001
ER

PT J
AU Wu, H
   Cui, SH
   Pei, XJ
   Huang, RQ
   He, L
   Guo, JY
AF Wu, Hao
   Cui, Shenghua
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Huang, Runqiu
   He, Li
   Guo, Jiaying
TI Earthquake-induced landslide erosion coupled to tectonics and river
   incision, and effects of ground motion on coupled patterns
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Seismic landslide erosion; Ground motion; Topographic metrics; Mountain
   belt evolution; Longmen Shan
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   EASTERN MARGIN; DENUDATION RATES; MIN-SHAN; SICHUAN; GEOMORPHOLOGY;
   CHINA; DEFORMATION
AB Landslide erosion and long-term denudation for the natural surface erosion processes in tectonically active mountain ranges are coupled to tectonics and river incision. However, such relationships have rarely been quantified in earthquake-induced landslides. Here we assess seismic landslide erosion caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Shan and explore relationships between tectonic uplift, river incision, and earthquake-induced landslide erosion yields and thus evaluate the effects of ground motion on coupled patterns. We show that nonlinear correlations exist between seismic landslide erosion rates and topographic metrics (mean slope gradient and normalized channel steepness) under various shaking conditions (peak ground acceleration PGA > 0.4 g). The areas with stronger shaking cause greater landslide erosion yields, higher erosion efficiency, weaker nonlinearity, and lower mean landslide slope although they have a similar threshold hillslope. Taken together, these analyses support an emerging view that the stronger ground motion reduces the equivalent rock mass strength on the hillslope and breaks the topographic threshold, which consequently produces a systematic increase in landslide erosion below or above the threshold state and results in nonlinearity variation. Our finding demonstrates that earthquake-induced landslide erosion is coupled to tectonics and river incision under various shaking conditions and presents a quantitative relationship between seismic landslide erosion rates and topographic metrics, providing potentially important implications for mountain belt evolution.
C1 [Wu, Hao; Cui, Shenghua; Pei, Xiangjun; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Shenghua] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
   [He, Li] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Tourism & Urban Rural Planning, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Jiaying] China West Normal Univ, Sch Foreign Languages, Nanchong 637002, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Kyoto University; Chengdu University
   of Technology; China West Normal University
RP Cui, SH (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Cui, SH (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
EM geocdutwuhao@outlook.com; cuishenghua18@cdut.edu.cn; peixj0119@tom.com;
   hrq@cdut.edu.cn; 437288042@qq.com; 194526822@qq.com
TC 4
Z9 4
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD SEP
PY 2022
VL 216
AR 106334
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106334
EA MAY 2022
PN A
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000829812800001
ER

PT J
AU Shao, CJ
   Li, Y
   Lan, HX
   Li, PY
   Zhou, RJ
   Ding, HR
   Yan, ZK
   Dong, SL
   Yan, L
   Deng, T
AF Shao, Chongjian
   Li, Yong
   Lan, Hengxing
   Li, Pengyu
   Zhou, Rongjun
   Ding, Hairong
   Yan, Zhaokun
   Dong, Shunli
   Yan, Liang
   Deng, Tao
TI The role of active faults and sliding mechanism analysis of the 2017
   Maoxian postseismic landslide in Sichuan, China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Maoxian postseismic landslide; Sliding mechanism; Role of active faults;
   Fault combination model
ID RECENT XINMO LANDSLIDE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CATASTROPHIC LANDSLIDES;
   FAILURE; THRESHOLD; RAINFALL; COUNTY; AREA; DEFORMATION; PRECURSORS
AB A giant, high-position rockslide occurred in Xinmo village of Maoxian County, Sichuan, China, on June 24, 2017. It was the largest rockslide recorded since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and caused great loss. We use field survey data and relevant information to describe the geometric and zoning of the Maoxian landslide, and we discuss its sliding mechanism and the role of active faults in its formation. The sliding mode of the Maoxian landslide involves a plane failure mechanism (sliding rupture), while the slipping process can be divided into two stages: a rock cracking and deterioration stage, and a high-speed sliding stage. The role of active faults (earthquake and fault movement) is probably the most important factor in the Maoxian landslide formation, while lithology played a catalytic role and rainfall acted as an inducing factor. The fault vertical combination model ("back thrust" dynamic model) proposed in this paper provides a reasonable explanation for the different distribution of the coseismic landslides caused by the 1933 M 7.5 Diexi earthquake. We consider that a steep slope near the active fault, especially where the active fault intersects, just like the "locked segment" of a fault, is the uppermost area to develop a large landslide.
C1 [Shao, Chongjian; Li, Yong; Ding, Hairong; Yan, Zhaokun; Dong, Shunli; Yan, Liang; Deng, Tao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploita, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Chongjian; Lan, Hengxing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Pengyu] Sichuan Shutong Geotech Engn Co, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Rongjun] Sichuan Earthquake Agcy, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; China
   Earthquake Administration; Sichuan Earthquake Agency, CEA
RP Li, Y (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploita, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM liy@cdut.edu.cn
TC 46
Z9 50
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD DEC
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 8
BP 5635
EP 5651
DI 10.1007/s10064-019-01480-8
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000496080700008
ER

PT J
AU Marino, P
   Fan, XM
   Greco, R
   Subramanian, SS
AF Marino, Pasquale
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Greco, Roberto
   Subramanian, Srikrishnan Siva
TI Changes in debris-flow susceptibility after the Wenchuan earthquake
   revealed by meteorological and hydro-meteorological thresholds
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Post-seismic debris flows; Hydro-meteorological
   thresholds; Catchment water balance; Budyko framework; Triggering
   mechanism
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; 13 AUGUST 2010; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; WARNING SYSTEM;
   MINJIANG RIVER; UPPER REACHES; INITIATION; AREA; IMPACTS; BALANCE
AB After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw 7.9), an increase in rainfall-induced debris flows was initially observed in the earthquake-hit region (Sichuan, China). In the following years, the frequency of debris flows gradually reduced, indicating a recovery of stability of debris deposits originated from the earthquake. To assess these dynamically changing conditions, empirical thresholds have been identified to predict post-seismic debris flow occurrences with two approaches: a meteorological approach based only on precipitation characteristics, and a hydrometeorological approach that also considers the hydrologic conditions before the onset of rainfall. Both used the available record of precipitations and debris flows that occurred in the years 2008-2015 in Wenchuan county. Hydrometeorological thresholds for debris flows have been identified at the catchment scale by assessing the water balance with a simplified lumped hydrological model, based on the Budyko framework, and using catchment water storage as a proxy of the moisture state of the slopes. The results indicate that both meteorological and hydrometeorological thresholds allow catching the progressive recovery of stability of the debris deposits. In particular, the assessment of water balance at the catchment scale highlights the role played by the hydrological processes affecting the slopes, leading to the definition of reliable and robust thresholds. The hydrometeorological approach is thus recommended to define thresholds for early warning of debris flows at the catchment scale.
C1 [Marino, Pasquale; Greco, Roberto] Univ Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Dipartimento Ingn, Via Roma 9, I-81031 Aversa, Italy.
   [Fan, Xuanmei; Greco, Roberto; Subramanian, Srikrishnan Siva] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, 1 Erxianqiao Dongsan Rd, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Universita della Campania Vanvitelli; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, 1 Erxianqiao Dongsan Rd, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM pasquale.marino1@unicampania.it; fxm_cdut@qq.com;
   roberto.greco@unicampania.it; srikrishnan@frontier.hokudai.ac.jp
TC 26
Z9 27
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD MAR
PY 2022
VL 210
AR 105929
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105929
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000790435500001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XQ
   Chen, JG
   Cui, P
   You, Y
   Hu, KH
   Yang, ZJ
   Zhang, WF
   Li, XP
   Wu, Y
AF Chen, Xiao-qing
   Chen, Jian-gang
   Cui, Peng
   You, Yong
   Hu, Kai-heng
   Yang, Zong-ji
   Zhang, Wei-feng
   Li, Xin-po
   Wu, Yong
TI Assessment of prospective hazards resulting from the 2017 earthquake at
   the world heritage site Jiuzhaigou Valley, Sichuan, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Disaster risk; Geological hazard; Landslide;
   World heritage site; Jiuzhaigou Valley
ID CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; LANDSLIDE; CLASSIFICATION; CONSERVATION;
   RAINFALL
AB On August 8, 2017, a Ms = 7.0 magnitude earthquake occurred in the Jiuzhaigou Valley, in Sichuan Province, China (N: 33.20A degrees, E: 103.82A degrees). Jiuzhaigou Valley is an area recognized and listed as a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1992. Data analysis and field survey were conducted on the landslide, collapse, and debris flow gully, to assess the coseismic geological hazards generated by the earthquake using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), remote-sensing imaging, laser range finders, geological radars, and cameras. The results highlighted the occurrence of 13 landslides, 70 collapses, and 25 potential debris flow gullies following the earthquake. The hazards were classified on the basis of their size and the potential property loss attributable to them. Consequently, 14 large-scale hazards, 30 medium-sized hazards, and 64 small hazards accounting for 13%, 28%, and 59% of the total hazards, respectively, were identified. Based on the variation tendency of the geological hazards that ensued in areas affected by the Kanto earthquake (Japan), Chi-chi earthquake (Taiwan China), and Wenchuan earthquake (Sichuan China), the study predicts that, depending on the rain intensity cycle, the duration of geological hazard activities in the Jiuzhaigou Valley may last over ten years and will gradually decrease for the following five to ten years before returning to pre-earthquake levels. Thus, necessary monitoring and early warning systems must be implemented to ensure the safety of residents, workers and tourists during the construction of engineering projects and reopening of scenic sites to the public.
C1 [Chen, Xiao-qing; Chen, Jian-gang; Cui, Peng; You, Yong; Hu, Kai-heng; Yang, Zong-ji; Zhang, Wei-feng; Li, Xin-po; Wu, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xiao-qing; Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Jian-gang] Chinese Acad Sci, Youth Innovat Promot Assoc, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan
   Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth
   Sciences (CETES), CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM xqchen@imde.ac.cn; chenjg@imde.ac.cn; pengcui@imde.ac.cn;
   yyong@imde.ac.cn; khhu@imde.ac.cn; yzj@imde.ac.cn; zwf@imde.ac.cn;
   sinpore@126.com; wuyong@imde.ac.cn
TC 53
Z9 59
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 4
BP 779
EP 792
DI 10.1007/s11629-017-4785-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000429949900009
ER

PT J
AU Wang, M
   Liu, M
   Yang, SN
   Shi, PJ
AF Wang, Ming
   Liu, Min
   Yang, Saini
   Shi, Peijun
TI Incorporating Triggering and Environmental Factors in the Analysis of
   Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazards
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslides; Environmental factors; Triggering
   factors; Hazard analysis; Newmark displacement; Wenchuan earthquake
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CALIFORNIA; MODELS; RATIO; AREA
AB Pingwu County of Sichuan Province was severely hit by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and experienced widely distributed earthquake-induced landslides. We proposed an integrated method that incorporates landslide triggering factors embedded in the Newmark displacement computation and other environmental factors, expressed as lithology, land-use type, vegetation cover (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI), elevation, and profile and plan curvature, in the analysis of earthquake-induced landslide hazards in the study area. The earthquake-induced landslide inventory of this area was obtained by visual interpretation of two high-resolution SPOT-5 images before and after the earthquake. We used GIS tools to generate an equal number of landslide and non-landslide cell samples in a 30-m grid map, and assigned triggering and environmental variables to each cell. A logistic regression model was built to investigate the occurrence of earthquake-induced landslides. The results show that Newmark displacement (in which triggering factors are embedded) and lithology (as an environmental factor) were the two dominant variables controlling landslide occurrence. Other environmental factors, including NDVI, land-use type, and elevation, also significantly affected landslide occurrences. Overall 81.2 % correctness was achieved in the regression model. The results confirm the predictive power of our method, which integrates both triggering and environmental factors in modeling earthquake-induced landslides.
C1 [Wang, Ming; Liu, Min; Yang, Saini; Shi, Peijun] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ming; Liu, Min; Yang, Saini; Shi, Peijun] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University
RP Wang, M (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM wangming@bnu.edu.cn
TC 28
Z9 32
PU SPRINGEROPEN
PI LONDON
PA CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2095-0055
EI 2192-6395
PD JUN
PY 2014
VL 5
IS 2
BP 125
EP 135
DI 10.1007/s13753-014-0020-7
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000353357700003
ER

PT J
AU Liu, DL
   Xiang, Q
   Sang, XJ
   Zhang, SJ
   Yang, HJ
AF Liu, Dunlong
   Xiang, Qian
   Sang, Xuejia
   Zhang, Shaojie
   Yang, Hongjuan
TI Landslide susceptibility prediction method based on HSOM and IABPA-CNN
   in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Landslide; Susceptibility; Information value; Convolutional neural
   network; Bat algorithm; Monte Carlo
ID BAT ALGORITHM
AB Landslide susceptibility prediction assesses the likelihood of landslides occurring in specific areas, providing crucial scientific support for mitigating the threat to people's lives and property posed by landslide disasters. To address the challenges in the existing landslide susceptibility prediction methods, such as insufficient representativeness of selected non-landslide points, limited ability to capture nonlinear relationships, and a tendency to fall into local optima, the traditional Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) is improved in this paper by using a hierarchical approach to form Hierarchical Self-Organizing Maps (HSOM), and a model integrating the Information Value (IV), Adaptive Bat Precise Algorithm (ABPA), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is proposed, termed IABPA-CNN. Evaluation factors such as topography, basic geology and hydrometeorology were selected with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-hit disaster area as the study area. The data were preprocessed, Pearson correlation coefficient, tolerance (TOL), and variance inflation factor (VIF) were employed to assess the correlation among all the factors. Subsequently, the information value for each evaluation factor's classification was calculated, thereby establishing a high-quality sample dataset, which was input into the IABPA-CNN model and IV-CNN model (contrast model), respectively. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare and analyze the accuracy and performance. The Area Under Curve (AUC) values for the two models is 0.89 and 0.85, respectively, indicating that the IABPA-CNN model has higher predictive accuracy. Compared with the IV-CNN model, the proportion of landslides predicted by the IABPA-CNN model in the high susceptibility and very high susceptibility area increased to 28.18% and 30.76%, respectively. Although the area proportions of very low susceptibility and low susceptibility area increased, the proportion of landslides quantity decreased. Furthermore, Monte Carlo method was employed to analyze the uncertainty of IABPA-CNN model, and average variance of 0.0083, which indicates that the model has high reliability in landslide susceptibility prediction. Therefore, the research results in this study provide a reliable scientific basis for the work of landslide disaster prevention and mitigation in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area.
C1 [Liu, Dunlong; Xiang, Qian; Sang, Xuejia] Chengdu Univ Informat Technol, Coll Software Engn, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Shaojie; Yang, Hongjuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Information Technology; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Sang, XJ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Informat Technol, Coll Software Engn, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
EM ldl@cuit.edu.cn; 673629637@qq.com; 5220243@cuit.edu.cn;
   sj-zhang@imde.ac.cn; yanghj@imde.ac.cn
TC 6
Z9 6
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD DEC
PY 2024
VL 21
IS 12
BP 4001
EP 4018
DI 10.1007/s11629-024-8971-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001386148500015
ER

PT J
AU Liu, J
   Fan, XM
   Tang, XL
   Xu, Q
   Harvey, EL
   Hales, TC
   Jin, ZD
AF Liu, Jie
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Tang, Xiaolu
   Xu, Qiang
   Harvey, Erin L.
   Hales, Tristram C.
   Jin, Zhangdong
TI Ecosystem carbon stock loss after a mega earthquake
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslides; Ecosystem carbon; Soil carbon stock;
   Vegetation carbon stock
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; LAND-USE CHANGE;
   TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; VEGETATION RECOVERY; DEBRIS FLOWS; FOREST;
   EROSION; EXPORT; ACCUMULATION
AB Earthquake-induced geohazards, in particular landslides and debris flows, have the ability to disturb large stocks of organic carbon. Even a slight change in these stocks of organic carbon could affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Yet, the fate of ecosystem carbon delivery caused by a mega-earthquake over a short timescale is not well understood. In this study, a methodology is proposed to study the impact of earthquake-triggered landslides and post-seismic debris flows on ecosystem carbon (C). Pairs-plots were established on undisturbed areas, coseismic landslides or debris flow in one of the most representative catchments, in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake hit regions. Results showed that coseismic landslides greatly reduced vegetation C stock from 34.48 Mg ha(-1) to 6.85 Mg ha(-1) and soil C stock from 96.38 to 6.77 Mg ha(-1) , thereby leading to 89.6% reduction for total ecosystem C stock. Similarly, debris flow deposit led to a reduction of 97.8% of ecosystem C stock. Overall, it is estimated that there was a loss of 0.118 x 10(6) Mg C across the study area, indicating a large amount of carbon change after the mega-earthquake. This study has an important implication for the role of mega-earthquake on regional ecosystem C storage and fills our knowledge gaps of the impact of ecosystem C cycle along with earthquake-induced geohazard chains.
C1 [Liu, Jie; Fan, Xuanmei; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Xiaolu] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Ecol & Environm, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Harvey, Erin L.; Hales, Tristram C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
   [Jin, Zhangdong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710061, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Cardiff University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth
   Environment, CAS
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Tang, XL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Ecol & Environm, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com; lxtt2010@163.com
TC 12
Z9 13
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD SEP
PY 2022
VL 216
AR 106393
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106393
EA MAY 2022
PN A
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000832989200004
ER

PT J
AU Li, Z
   Chen, Q
   Zhou, JM
   Tian, BS
AF Li, Zhen
   Chen, Quan
   Zhou, Jianmin
   Tian, Bangsen
TI Analysis of synthetic aperture range image characteristics for seismic
   disasters in the Wenchuan earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; landslide; barrier lake; SAR image characteristic;
   polarizational response; interferometric SAR
AB More than 69,000 people died following the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. Bad weather hampered relief efforts, and in some cases rescuers had to trek into the disaster area on foot and search for trapped survivors by hand as roads were blocked by debris. Due to travel difficulties, spatial information needs to be extracted in the disaster area by remote sensing techniques. The main problem focused on in this paper is how to use the all-weather and all-day/night capability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to extract primary seismic disaster information after the earthquake. Using air-and space-borne SAR images with different bands, polarizations and incidence angles, including multi-polarization X-band air-borne data, C-band polarimetric Radarsat-2, X-band TerraSAR-X with high resolution, multi-polarization X-band COSMO-SkyMed and L-band multi-polarization ALOS-PalSAR space-borne data, we perform image characteristics analysis of landslides. Obvious differences can be recognized between old and new landsides in SAR images with different bands. Multi-polarization SAR can play an important role in landslide discrimination. Two SAR images at different incidence angles do not provide much more information if the difference between the two angles is small. Landslide recognition accuracy strongly depends on the direction of view, especially for large incidence angles, in which case the characteristic difference for landslide recognition is great. There are different polarization responses between a landslide and its surroundings that can be used to recognize the landslide. Interferometric SAR images, on the other hand, do not provide good recognition capability due to temporal decorrelation and resolution. Meanwhile, information extraction of barrier lakes using different resolution and incidence angle SAR images is analyzed in this paper; small incidence angles and high resolutions improve the object recognition and information extraction of barrier lakes.
C1 [Li, Zhen; Chen, Quan; Zhou, Jianmin; Tian, Bangsen] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP Li, Z (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
EM zli@ceode.ac.cn
TC 8
Z9 8
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1931-3195
PD MAY 26
PY 2009
VL 3
SI SI
AR 031685
DI 10.1117/1.3153906
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000271878700011
ER

PT J
AU Liu, W
   He, SM
AF Liu, Wei
   He, Siming
TI Comprehensive modelling of runoff-generated debris flow from formation
   to propagation in a catchment
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Formation and propagation processes; Integrated model;
   Numerical simulation
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RICHARDS EQUATION; 2-FLUID MODEL; INITIATION;
   ENTRAINMENT; LANDSLIDES; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; AVALANCHE; PROVINCE
AB This study aimed to develop an integrated model of the runoff-generated debris flow that considers the initial conditions, movement mechanisms, and entrainment effect. The study focused on the formation and propagation processes of debris flow within a catchment, and the process is divided into three stages: rainfall infiltration, runoff, and debris flow routing. Soil saturation, rainfall, and entrainment are the main factors that influence the debris flow formation and propagation processes. Existing models for each stage, including Richards's equations, shallow water equations, and two-phase debris flow equations, were coupled. The tridiagonal matrix algorithm and finite volume method were applied to solve these equations. Finally, several experimental cases and the 2010 debris flow event in the Hongchun catchment in China were simulated by using the proposed model. The results showed that the proposed model could effectively describe the behaviours of each stage during the debris flow formation and propagation processes. Although several aspects of the model require further improvement, the physical-parameter-based prediction of runoff-generated debris flows from formation to propagation is effectively performed by the model.
C1 [Liu, Wei; He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Wei; He, Siming] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau
   Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS
RP He, SM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM hsm@imde.ac.cn
TC 41
Z9 48
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUL
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 7
BP 1529
EP 1544
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01383-w
EA MAR 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000519419200001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, HZ
   Wang, XM
   Fan, JR
   Chi, TH
   Yang, S
   Peng, L
AF Zhang, Huaizhen
   Wang, Xiaomeng
   Fan, Jianrong
   Chi, Tianhe
   Yang, Shun
   Peng, Ling
TI Monitoring Earthquake-Damaged Vegetation after the 2008 Wenchuan
   Earthquake in the Mountainous River Basins, Dujiangyan County
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
ID CATASTROPHIC EARTHQUAKE; RECOVERY ASSESSMENT; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; DEBRIS
   FLOWS; SEDIMENT; AREA; NETWORK; CONNECTIVITY; DESTRUCTION; SIMULATION
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake destroyed large areas of vegetation in the Baisha River and Longxi River basins, in Dujiangyan County, China. There were several debris flow events in these mountainous river basins after 2008. Currently, these damaged vegetation areas are in various stages of recovery. This recovery vegetation improves the resistance of slopes to both surficial erosion and mass wasting. We introduce a probabilistic approach to determining the relationships between damaged vegetation and slope materials' stability, and model the sediment and flow (hydrological) connectivity index to detect the hydrological changes in a given river basin, using the multi-temporal (1994-2014) remote-sensing images to monitor the vegetation recovery processes. Our results demonstrated that the earthquake-damaged vegetation areas have coupling relationships with topographic environment and slope material properties, and can be used to assess the slope material stability. Further, our analysis results showed that the areas with horizontal distance to river streams <500 m are areas that actively contribute sediment to the stream channel network, and are main material sources for debris flow processes in one given mountainous basin.
C1 [Zhang, Huaizhen; Fan, Jianrong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Huaizhen; Wang, Xiaomeng; Chi, Tianhe; Peng, Ling] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Huaizhen; Wang, Xiaomeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Shun] Chinese Geol Survey, Tech Ctr Geol Hazard Prevent & Control, Chengdu 611734, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote
   Sensing & Digital Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Fan, JR (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM zhanghz@radi.ac.cn; wangxm01@radi.ac.cn; fjrong@imde.ac.cn;
   chith@radi.ac.cn; yangsh@cgiet.com; PL20158@126.com
TC 10
Z9 10
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD JUN
PY 2015
VL 7
IS 6
BP 6808
EP 6827
DI 10.3390/rs70606808
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000357589800013
ER

PT J
AU Li, N
   Wang, R
   Deng, YK
   Liu, YB
   Li, BC
   Wang, CL
   Balz, T
AF Li, Ning
   Wang, Robert
   Deng, Yunkai
   Liu, Yabo
   Li, Bochen
   Wang, Chunle
   Balz, Timo
TI Unsupervised polarimetric synthetic aperture radar classification of
   large-scale landslides caused by Wenchuan earthquake in
   hue-saturation-intensity color space
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; landslides; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar;
   hue-saturation-intensity; k-means clustering
ID SAR
AB A simple and effective approach for unsupervised classification of large-scale landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake is developed. The data sets used were obtained by a high-resolution fully polarimetric airborne synthetic aperture radar system working at X-band. In the proposed approach, Pauli decomposition false-color RGB imagery is first transformed to the hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) color space. Then, a good combination of k-means clustering and HSI imagery in different channels is used stage-by-stage for automatic landslides extraction. Two typical case studies are presented to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Our approach is an important contribution to the rapid assessment of landslide hazards. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
C1 [Li, Ning; Wang, Robert; Deng, Yunkai; Liu, Yabo; Li, Bochen; Wang, Chunle] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Elect, Space Microwave Remote Sensing Syst Dept, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.
   [Balz, Timo] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Informat Engn Surveying Mapping & R, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Electronics, CAS; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS;
   Wuhan University
RP Li, N (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Elect, Space Microwave Remote Sensing Syst Dept, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
EM lining_nuaa@163.com
TC 11
Z9 12
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1931-3195
PD JUL 7
PY 2014
VL 8
AR 083595
DI 10.1117/1.JRS.8.083595
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000338505500001
ER

PT J
AU Fu, XD
   Sheng, Q
   Li, G
   Zhang, ZP
   Zhou, YQ
   Du, YX
AF Fu, Xiaodong
   Sheng, Qian
   Li, Guo
   Zhang, Zhenping
   Zhou, Yongqiang
   Du, Yuxiang
TI Analysis of landslide stability under seismic action and subsequent
   rainfall: a case study on the Ganjiazhai giant landslide along the
   Zhaotong-Qiaojia road during the 2014 Ludian earthquake, Yunnan, China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslide; Strong earthquake; Subsequent rainfall; Dynamic stability;
   Failure process
ID DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; DEBRIS FLOW; LOMA-PRIETA; FAILURE; IMPACTS; RIVER;
   SLOPE; MECHANISMS
AB In a strong earthquake, not only a large number of coseismic landslides are triggered, but relaxation and cracks in the rocks and soils are induced, which make these rocks and soils vulnerable to instability during subsequent rainfall; thus, strong earthquakes always have long-term effects on landslides. The geo-hazards along the Zhaotong-Qiaojia road in the 2014 Ludian earthquake (Ms 6.5) of Yunnan Province, China, were investigated, and the Ganjiazhai giant landslide was chosen as a case study. First, using the limit equilibrium analysis and Newmark method, the critical seismic intensity of the landslide before the earthquake was evaluated. Secondly, the dynamic failure process of the landslide under the measured ground motion was simulated with the discontinuous deformation analysis method. Lastly, based on stress-seepage coupling analysis and precipitation data from Ludian meteorological station, the stability of the landslide during subsequent rainfall after the earthquake was predicted. The results show that the critical seismic intensity was within degrees VIII-IX, which is consistent with the results of the earthquake damage investigation. The dynamic failure process can be divided into four stages, and four scarps formed; the potential sliding zones during the subsequent rainfall were at the first scarp and the fourth scarp, and their critical rainfall amounts were 35-40 mm and 55-60 mm, respectively. In this paper, failure process simulation and stability prediction of the landslide before, during, and after the strong earthquake are presented, which provide analysis methods for the dynamic stability of landslides in the meizoseismal area.
C1 [Fu, Xiaodong; Sheng, Qian; Zhang, Zhenping; Zhou, Yongqiang; Du, Yuxiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
   [Fu, Xiaodong; Sheng, Qian; Zhang, Zhenping; Zhou, Yongqiang; Du, Yuxiang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Engn Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Guo] Broadvis Engn Consultants, Natl Engn Lab Surface Transportat Weather Impact, Kunming 650041, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan Institute of Rock & Soil Mechanics,
   CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of
   Sciences, CAS
RP Fu, XD (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.; Fu, XD (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Engn Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM xdfu@whrsm.ac.cn
TC 40
Z9 41
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD DEC
PY 2020
VL 79
IS 10
BP 5229
EP 5248
DI 10.1007/s10064-020-01890-z
EA JUL 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000545287000001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, DY
   Yang, XG
   Zhou, JW
   Feng, ZY
   Liao, HM
AF Wang, Danyan
   Yang, Xingguo
   Zhou, Jiawen
   Feng, Zhenyu
   Liao, Haimei
TI Longevity prediction and missing data treatment of landslide dams
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Category; Longevity range; Imputation; Prediction models; Decision Tree
ID DEBRIS-FLOW; SICHUAN PROVINCE; RUNOUT CHARACTERISTICS; INTEGRATED
   SIMULATION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HSIAOLIN VILLAGE; XINMO LANDSLIDE; DADU
   RIVER; FAILURE; EROSION
AB Landslide dam failures can cause significant damage to both society and ecosystems. Predicting the failure of these dams in advance enables early preventive measures, thereby minimizing potential harm. This paper aims to propose a fast and accurate model for predicting the longevity of landslide dams while also addressing the issue of missing data. Given the wide variation in the survival times of landslide dams-from mere minutes to several thousand years-predicting their longevity presents a considerable challenge. The study develops predictive models by considering key factors such as dam geometry, hydrodynamic conditions, materials, and triggering parameters. A dataset of 1045 landslide dam cases is analyzed, categorizing their longevity into three distinct groups: C1 (<1 month), C2 (1 month to 1 year), and C3 (>1 year). Multiple imputation and k-nearest neighbor algorithms are used to handle missing data on geometric size, hydrodynamic conditions, materials, and triggers. Based on the imputed data, two predictive models are developed: a classification model for dam longevity categories and a regression model for precise longevity predictions. The classification model achieves an accuracy of 88.38% while the regression model outperforms existing models with an R-2 value of 0.966. Two real-life landslide dam cases are used to validate the models, which show correct classification and small prediction errors. The longevity of landslide dams is jointly influenced by factors such as geometric size, hydrodynamic conditions, materials, and triggering events. Among these, geometric size has the greatest impact, followed by hydrodynamic conditions, materials, and triggers, as confirmed by variable importance in the model development.
C1 [Wang, Danyan; Liao, Haimei] Guizhou Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Guiyang 550025, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Xingguo; Zhou, Jiawen; Feng, Zhenyu] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
C3 Guizhou University; Sichuan University
RP Liao, HM (corresponding author), Guizhou Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Guiyang 550025, Peoples R China.
EM 17886279485@163.com; 89022251@163.com; jwzhou@scu.edu.cn;
   fengzhenyu@stu.scu.edu.cn; hmliao1@gzu.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUL
PY 2025
VL 22
IS 7
BP 2640
EP 2653
DI 10.1007/s11629-024-9310-8
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001529066800024
ER

PT J
AU Wang, FW
   Cheng, QG
   Highland, L
   Miyajima, M
   Wang, HB
   Yan, CG
AF Wang, Fawu
   Cheng, Qiangong
   Highland, Lynn
   Miyajima, Masakatsu
   Wang, Huabin
   Yan, Changgen
TI Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008
   Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Earthquake; Sichuan earthquake; China; Disaster
AB The M (s) 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake or "Great Sichuan Earthquake" occurred at 14:28 p.m. local time on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, China. Damage by earthquake-induced landslides was an important part of the total earthquake damage. This report presents preliminary observations on the Hongyan Resort slide located southwest of the main epicenter, shallow mountain surface failures in Xuankou village of Yingxiu Town, the Jiufengchun slide near Longmenshan Town, the Hongsong Hydro-power Station slide near Hongbai Town, the Xiaojiaqiao slide in Chaping Town, two landslides in Beichuan County-town which destroyed a large part of the town, and the Donghekou and Shibangou slides in Qingchuan County which formed the second biggest landslide lake formed in this earthquake. The influences of seismic, topographic, geologic, and hydro-geologic conditions are discussed.
C1 [Wang, Fawu] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
   [Cheng, Qiangong] SW Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Highland, Lynn] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Landslide Informat Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
   [Miyajima, Masakatsu; Yan, Changgen] Kanazawa Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan.
   [Wang, Huabin] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Mech, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
C3 Kyoto University; Southwest Jiaotong University; United States
   Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Kanazawa
   University; Huazhong University of Science & Technology
RP Wang, FW (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
EM wangfw@landslide.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp; chenqiangog@home.swjtu.edu.cn;
   highland@usgs.gov; Miyajima@t.kanazawa-u.ac.jp; huabin@mail.hust.edu.cn;
   zkyycg@hotmail.com
TC 128
Z9 153
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAR
PY 2009
VL 6
IS 1
BP 47
EP 54
DI 10.1007/s10346-009-0141-z
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000265043200005
ER

PT J
AU Wu, SB
   Zhao, RH
   Liao, LP
   Yang, YCA
   Wei, Y
   Wei, WZ
AF Wu, Shanbai
   Zhao, Ruihua
   Liao, Liping
   Yang, Yunchuan
   Wei, Yao
   Wei, Wenzhi
TI Failure mode of rainfall-induced landslide of granite residual soil,
   southeastern Guangxi Province, China
SO EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
DT Article
ID WATER CHARACTERISTIC CURVE; ANTECEDENT RAINFALL; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   SLOPE STABILITY; SHEAR-STRENGTH; DEBRIS FLOWS; GRAVEL SOIL;
   INFILTRATION; MECHANISMS; STRESS
AB Granite residual soil landslides are widely distributed in the southeast of Guangxi, China. They pose threats to local communities, economic development and ecological restoration. To understand the failure mode, the landslide can provide a scientific basis for early warning and prevention. In this study, we conducted artificial flume model tests to investigate the failure mode of granite residual soil landslide. The macroscopic phenomena of landslides were observed and summarized The response and variations of soil moisture content and pore water pressure were analyzed. And the discrepancies in landslide initiation were explored. The results had three aspects: (1) the response of volume moisture content was not synchronized with that of pore water pressure. Their variations were influenced by initial dry density, slope angle and rainfall intensity. The fluctuation of pore water pressure depended on soil mechanical behavior and its diffusion. (2) The differences in the formation process of granite residual soil landslides included the initiation time and mode. The starting time of landslide was delayed with increasing initial dry density and slope angle but shortened with increasing rainfall intensity. The failure mode could be changed from a sudden type to a progressive type due to the increase in initial dry density. (3) There are five stages in the landslide mobilization as follows: rain infiltration and crack generation, soil slide at the slope toe, occurrence of surface runoff and soil erosion, formation of steep-free surface, and soil slide at the upper slope. This research can provide valuable reference for the prevention and early warning of granite residual soil landslide in southeastern Guangxi.
C1 [Wu, Shanbai; Zhao, Ruihua; Liao, Liping; Yang, Yunchuan; Wei, Yao; Wei, Wenzhi] Guangxi Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Shanbai; Zhao, Ruihua; Liao, Liping; Yang, Yunchuan; Wei, Yao; Wei, Wenzhi] Guangxi Univ, Guangxi Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Engn Safety, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Shanbai; Zhao, Ruihua; Liao, Liping; Yang, Yunchuan; Wei, Yao; Wei, Wenzhi] Guangxi Univ, Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Struct Safety, Minist Educ, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Shanbai] China Univ Geosci, Fac Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
C3 Guangxi University; Guangxi University; Guangxi University; China
   University of Geosciences
RP Liao, LP; Yang, YCA (corresponding author), Guangxi Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China.; Liao, LP; Yang, YCA (corresponding author), Guangxi Univ, Guangxi Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Engn Safety, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China.; Liao, LP; Yang, YCA (corresponding author), Guangxi Univ, Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Struct Safety, Minist Educ, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China.
EM 01llp@163.com; yyunchuan@163.com
TC 8
Z9 8
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 2196-6311
EI 2196-632X
PD NOV 4
PY 2022
VL 10
IS 6
BP 1079
EP 1096
DI 10.5194/esurf-10-1079-2022
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000878598200001
ER

PT J
AU Shafique, M
AF Shafique, Muhammad
TI Spatial and temporal evolution of co-seismic landslides after the 2005
   Kashmir earthquake
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE 2005 Kashmir earthquake; Co-seismic landslides; Temporal dynamics;
   Spatial and temporal analysis; SPOT
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   DEBRIS FLOW; PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKE; VEGETATION RECOVERY; NORTHERN
   PAKISTAN; INVENTORY MAPS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATTERN
AB Large earthquakes in mountainous regions often trigger widespread landslides, some of which remain active for years to decades. This study has evaluated the spatial and temporal evolution of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake-induced landslides using pre-earthquake and post-earthquake landslide inventories. Temporal landslide inventories were developed from the SPOT satellite images, using the visual image interpretation supported with field validation. It is observed that after the earthquake, the landslide area and number showed a surge, however, decays in the subsequent years. The rate of decline in the landslide area was relatively slower until 2010, however, it dropped considerably during 2010-2018. The spatial variation of the landslides was traced and analyzed to classify them based on the activity. The temporal evolution of the landslides was compared with the geology, earthquake triggering fault and topographic attributes of slope, aspect, and elevation, to evaluate their influence on the distribution of landslides. The landslide inventories were related to the major triggering factors including rainfall and earthquakes, to determine their impact on the temporal dynamics of the landslides. Regeneration of vegetation is analyzed using the temporal NDVI images as one of the drivers for the decline in the landslide area. The knowledge of temporal dynamics of landslides and their major contributing factors shall assist to understand their triggering mechanism and effective mitigation measures. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shafique, Muhammad] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Architecture & Planning, Dept Geomat, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
   [Shafique, Muhammad] Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Geol, Peshawar, Pakistan.
C3 King Abdulaziz University; University of Peshawar
RP Shafique, M (corresponding author), King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Architecture & Planning, Dept Geomat, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
EM shafique08@yahoo.com
TC 65
Z9 68
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29a, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD AUG 1
PY 2020
VL 362
AR 107228
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107228
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000537570300010
ER

PT J
AU Xu, XL
   Qiang, Y
   Li, L
   Liang, SY
   Chen, T
   Yang, WJ
   Tan, XY
   Wang, X
   Yang, H
AF Xu, Xinlong
   Qiang, Yue
   Li, Li
   Liang, Siyu
   Chen, Tao
   Yang, Wenjun
   Tan, Xinyi
   Wang, Xi
   Yang, He
TI A MaxEnt-TRIGRS hybrid model with dynamic safety factor mapping for
   enhanced debris flow susceptibility assessment in rainfall-triggered
   terrains
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
DE Integrating model; Machine learning model; Physical model; Debris flow
   susceptibility mapping; Beichuan country
ID LANDSLIDE-SUSCEPTIBILITY; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   HAZARD
AB Traditional statistical models for debris-flow susceptibility often overlook critical triggering mechanisms and geotechnical parameters. To address this, we propose an innovative framework that couples the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) statistical model with the TRIGRS physical model, which simulates transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional slope stability. Focusing on seven towns in Beichuan County, China, we integrated thirteen environmental factors, geotechnical parameters, and historical hazard records to build a dual-driven "statistical-physical" evaluation framework. Our methodology consists of three steps: (1) Use TRIGRS to compute rainfall-induced safety factors (FS) and identify unstable zones (FS<1), which serve as the positive-sample database for MaxEnt; (2) Employ the MaxEnt model-using the TRIGRS-derived positive samples and historical debris-flow factors-to predict the spatial distribution of susceptibility; (3) Integrate both outputs spatially in GIS using dynamic weighting. Validation shows that the hybrid model improves prediction accuracy by 21% compared to MaxEnt alone (AUC=0.845). Its susceptibility map corrects 34.7% of the overpredicted areas from the statistical model and enlarges stable zones by 1.8 times. Additionally, to determine the optimal weighting between machine learning and the physical model, we tested three weight combinations and found that a 0.55:0.45 ratio (MaxEnt: TRIGRS) yields the best performance. Using an independent validation set from another study area, we correctly identified 83.6% of the historical debris-flow events in Changtan, demonstrating the framework's ability to integrate geostatistical patterns with geomechanical processes. This coupled framework offers a paradigm for multi-hazard chain assessment in complex terrain and can be directly applied to debris-flow early warning and regional disaster mitigation planning.
C1 [Xu, Xinlong; Qiang, Yue; Li, Li; Liang, Siyu; Chen, Tao; Yang, Wenjun; Tan, Xinyi; Wang, Xi] Chongqing Three Gorges Univ, Civil Engn Coll, Chongqing 404100, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, He] Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Key Lab Hydraul & Waterway Engn, Minist Educ, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, He] Chendu Univ, Architecture & Civil Engn Coll, Chengdu 610106, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing Three Gorges University; Chongqing Jiaotong University
RP Qiang, Y (corresponding author), Chongqing Three Gorges Univ, Civil Engn Coll, Chongqing 404100, Peoples R China.
EM qiangyue-320@163.com
TC 1
Z9 1
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD JUL 20
PY 2025
VL 15
IS 1
AR 26209
DI 10.1038/s41598-025-11284-4
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:001555374800026
ER

PT J
AU Wu, SE
   Chen, J
   Zhou, W
   Iqbal, J
   Yao, LH
AF Wu, Saier
   Chen, Jian
   Zhou, Wendy
   Iqbal, Javed
   Yao, Leihua
TI A modified Logit model for assessment and validation of debris-flow
   susceptibility
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Semi-arid mountainous areas; Debris flow; Logistic regression model;
   Susceptibility; Jinsha River
ID ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; UPPER JINSHA RIVER; LANDSLIDE HAZARD
   ASSESSMENT; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SE
   TIBETAN PLATEAU; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES;
   CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; GENETIC ALGORITHMS
AB The accuracy of a debris-flow susceptibility assessment model can not be achieved to an acceptable level without rigorously selecting/processing model input parameters and reliably validating the results with ground truth. In this study, a modified logistic regression model was applied to examine the debris-flow susceptibility in the semi-arid mountainous areas of the southeast Tibetan Plateau, taking the case of the Benzilan-Changbo segment of the Jinsha River. The logistic regression model validation was supported by a field investigation and interpreting aerial photographs. The frequency ratio method was adapted for the sensitivity analysis of ten predisposing factors, including a factor of human activities that has never been considered in previous studies for the selected study area. The model with the highest prediction accuracy (83%) was obtained by comparing 55 possible combinations of the ten factors evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve technique. Composite analysis and random sample testing were also conducted to verify the reliability of the susceptibility assessment. The prediction results showed that the actual debris-flow area accounted for 92% of the total predicted debris-flow area. In summary, this study reveals that: (1) the highest susceptibility area was mainly distributed in the northeast and middle riparian zones, partially scattered in the southwest. Human activity was found to be closely related to the probability of debris flow occurrences; (2) under the two situations of independent and index combination participation evaluation, the performances of the same related factors showed largely different effects on the assessment results, which reflected the interrelation and interaction of the factors causing the debris flow; (3) the accuracy of the modified logistic regression model increased by 15%, when compared with the index entropy model in a previous study, and the reasons for this were discussed in the current study. The modified model, along with its enhanced validation process, could be easily extended to other regional mass movement susceptibility analyses.
C1 [Wu, Saier; Chen, Jian; Yao, Leihua] China Univ Geosci, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Wendy] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [Iqbal, Javed] Abbottabad Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
C3 China University of Geosciences; Colorado School of Mines
RP Chen, J (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM jianchen@cugb.edu.cn
TC 37
Z9 42
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD SEP
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 6
BP 4421
EP 4438
DI 10.1007/s10064-018-1412-5
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000482240400038
ER

PT J
AU Chen, M
   Tang, C
   Chang, M
   Xiong, J
AF Chen, Ming
   Tang, Chuan
   Chang, Ming
   Xiong, Jiang
TI Seismically induced hillslope disturbance, sediment connectivity and
   mass wasting: Insights from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Hillslope disturbance; Landslide-channel connectivity; Mass wasting;
   Post-seismic hazards
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS
   FLOWS; LOOSE GRANULAR DEPOSITS; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE;
   SOUTHERN ALPS; EROSION; RUNOUT; AREA
AB A mega-earthquake in a mountainous region can trigger thousands of landslides. Subsequently, these loose coseismic materials will experience the erosion-transport-sediment process. This process is closely associated with a series of cascading hazards, such as landslides, debris flows and floods. The disturbance and legacy effects of earthquakes have become the focus of attention for post-earthquake reconstruction and disaster mitigation. By combining the modeling of seismic-induced landslide magnitude with an analysis of the coseismic material sediment connectivity and transfer processes, we assessed the impacts of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on the mass balance and subsequent geohazard activities. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake produced 22,785 Mt of deposit storage, 37.9 % of which (-8636 Mt) is connected to the channels and prone to erosion and transfer by hydrodynamic forces, and the remaining 62.1 % (-14,149 Mt) was deposited on hillslopes far from the channel network and contributed little to the sediment dynamics. Long-term field observations found a causal relationship between decreasing surface erosion rate and gradual healing of co-seismic deposits due to coarsening by progressive removal of fine grains. We evaluated the residence time of fine-grained (<0.25 mm) landslide materials using the post-earthquake sediment evacuation rate and identified three stages regarding the enhanced erosion and surface mass wasting after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, namely, the high activity period (within 40.6 +/- 5.4 years), the low activity period (40.6 +/- 5.4-107.1 +/- 14.2 years), and the steady period (after 107.1 +/- 14.2 years). This has important implications for the hazard assessment of landslides and debris flows in understanding and modeling the post-seismic geohazard evolution over multiple timescales.
C1 [Chen, Ming; Tang, Chuan; Chang, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Xiong, Jiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Chen, M; Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM chenminggeo@cdut.edu.cn; tangc@cdut.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 9
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD MAR 15
PY 2024
VL 449
AR 109064
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109064
EA JAN 2024
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001170410300001
ER

PT J
AU Li, N
   Tang, C
   Yang, T
   Chen, M
AF Li, Ning
   Tang, Chuan
   Yang, Tao
   Chen, Ming
TI Analysing post-earthquake landslide susceptibility using multi-temporal
   landslide inventories - a case study in Miansi Town of China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Activity rate of landslide; Probabilistic approach;
   Susceptibility assessment
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HAZARD; AREA
AB The earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008, in Wenchuan County aroused a great deal of research on co-seismic landslide susceptibility assessment, but there is still a lack of an evaluation method that considers the activity state of the landslide itself. Therefore, this paper establishes a new susceptibility evaluation model that superimposes the active landslide state based on previous susceptibility evaluation models. Based on a multi-phase landslide database, the probabilistic approach was used to evaluate landslide susceptibility in the Miansi town over many years. We chose the elevation, slope, aspect, and distance from the channel as trigger factors and then used the probability comprehensive discrimination method to calculate the probability of landslide occurrence. Then, the susceptibility results of each period were calculated by superposition with the activity rate. The results show that between 2008 and 2014, the proportion of areas with low landslide susceptibility in the study area was the largest, and the proportion of areas with the highest susceptibility was minimal. The landslide area with highest susceptibility gradually decreased from 2014 to 2017. However, in 2017, 15.06% of the area was still with high susceptibility, and relevant disaster prevention and reduction measures should be taken in these areas. The larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) indicates that the results of the landslide susceptibility assessment in this study are more objective and reliable than those of previous models. The difference in the AUC values over many years shows that the accuracy of the evaluation results of this model is not constant, and a greater number of landslides or higher landslide activity corresponds to a higher accuracy of the evaluation results.
C1 [Li, Ning; Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Tao] Sichuan Prov Chuanjian Inst Invest & Design, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM 790626903@qq.com; tangc707@gmail.com; 136590360@qq.com; 977869515@qq.com
TC 8
Z9 8
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD FEB
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 2
BP 358
EP 372
DI 10.1007/s11629-019-5681-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000512107000008
ER

PT J
AU Getahun, E
   Qi, SW
   Guo, SF
   Zou, Y
   Liang, N
AF Getahun, Ephrem
   Qi Sheng-wen
   Guo Song-feng
   Zou Yu
   Liang Ning
TI Characteristics of grain size distribution and the shear strength
   analysis of Chenjiaba long runout coseismic landslide
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Grain size distribution; Long runout; Landslide; Multistage-Multiphase;
   Ring Shear
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SOILS; INTERFACES; MOTION; MODEL
AB Study on the grain size distribution characteristics and the frictional strength behavior of the slide deposits are helpful to disclose the landslide runout process and understand the mechanism of a long runout landslide. We performed grain size distribution analysis on samples collected from Chenjiaba landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake. The grain size distribution of samples from the landslide sections quantitatively depicts a gradual coarsening upward grading from shear zone to the top section. Then a multistage - multiphase ring shearing approach was used to determine a comparative shear strength behavior of samples from each landslide section. In this method, a sample was sheared continuously for large displacement and fast rate on different normal stress conditions. The multiphase shear mode with a maximum of 105 mm/min rate has allowed observing the qualitative change and patterns of the frictional resistance behaviors of soils under different normal stresses. The results of coefficient of friction values under multiphase shear mode have shown substantial post peak shear weakening behaviors after large shear displacement that can be narrated with long runout processes. The shear strength test results indicate that the shear zone samples have developed higher friction angle values compared to overlying section samples, on the last phase of shear process, which may be very important to understand the braking mechanism of a long runout landslide.
C1 [Getahun, Ephrem; Qi Sheng-wen; Guo Song-feng; Zou Yu; Liang Ning] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Getahun, Ephrem; Qi Sheng-wen; Guo Song-feng; Zou Yu; Liang Ning] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Getahun, Ephrem; Qi Sheng-wen; Guo Song-feng; Zou Yu; Liang Ning] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Getahun, Ephrem] Arba Minch Univ, Dept Geol, POB 21, Arba Minch 00251, Ethiopia.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Arba Minch University
RP Qi, SW (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Qi, SW (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Qi, SW (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM ephrem0693@yahoo.com; qishengwen@mail.iggcas.ac.cn;
   guosongfeng@mail.iggcas.ac.cn; zouyu@mail.iggcas.ac.cn;
   liangning320@qq.com
TC 13
Z9 16
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD SEP
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 9
BP 2110
EP 2125
DI 10.1007/s11629-019-5535-3
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000485301000010
ER

PT J
AU Yang, WT
   Wang, M
   Shi, PJ
AF Yang, Wentao
   Wang, Ming
   Shi, Peijun
TI Using MODIS NDVI Time Series to Identify Geographic Patterns of
   Landslides in Vegetated Regions
SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
DT Article
DE Earthquake; landslide identification; normalized difference vegetation
   index (NDVI) time series; remote sensing
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE
AB The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake that occurred in a mountainous region of China induced massive landslides and caused numerous casualties and property losses. Analyzing the disturbances on vegetation detected from the abnormal sudden drops of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within a short period can be used for the purpose of rapid landslide identification. Although much research has confirmed the necessity of high-resolution satellite images in landslides identification, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometry (MODIS) products still have their usefulness for high temporal resolution, as investigated by the authors. Using MODIS MOD09Q1 NDVI products at a temporal interval of 8 days during 2008, this letter presents a method that has been developed to identify landslide distribution and evolution patterns. First, to find the optimal threshold, the MODIS NDVI time series are analyzed in a training area by an iteration searching procedure. Second, the chosen threshold is used in a larger validation area. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed method, the results are compared to interpreted landslides using SPOT5 images with a spatial resolution of 2.5 m acquired before and after the main shock. An overall 75% accuracy is achieved, and better consistency is observed for landslides extending over one MODIS pixel. The proposed method has also been applied to the Wenchuan earthquake affected areas with seismic intensity IX and greater, and the similar spatial pattern of landslides distribution is obtained when compared with results by using high-resolution images and field investigation. This technique can be applied practically for rapid landslide assessment at a relatively large region after a major earthquake or other severe disturbance events.
C1 [Yang, Wentao; Wang, Ming; Shi, Peijun] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Wentao; Wang, Ming; Shi, Peijun] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University
RP Yang, WT (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM wangming@bnu.edu.cn
TC 63
Z9 69
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1545-598X
EI 1558-0571
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 10
IS 4
BP 707
EP 710
DI 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2219576
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
   & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000312101300013
ER

PT J
AU Wang, XM
   Zhang, WJ
   Cai, JL
   Wang, XW
   Wu, ZH
   Fan, J
   Yao, YT
   Deng, BL
AF Wang, Xiaomeng
   Zhang, Wenjun
   Cai, Jialun
   Wang, Xiaowen
   Wu, Zhouhang
   Fan, Jing
   Yao, Yitong
   Deng, Binlin
TI Characterizing Surface Deformation of the Earthquake-Induced Daguangbao
   Landslide by Combining Satellite- and Ground-Based InSAR
SO SENSORS
DT Article
DE interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR); ground-based radar
   (GB-SAR); Daguangbao landslide; downslope displacement transformation
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INTERFEROMETRY; SAR
AB The Daguangbao landslide (DGBL), triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, is a rare instance of super-giant landslides globally. The post-earthquake evolution of the DGBL has garnered significant attention in recent years; however, its deformation patterns remain poorly characterized owing to the complex local topography. In this study, we present the first observations of the surface dynamics of DGBL by integrating satellite- and ground-based InSAR data complemented by kinematic interpretation using a LiDAR-derived Digital Surface Model (DSM). The results indicate that the maximum line-of-sight (LOS) displacement velocity obtained from satellite InSAR is approximately 80.9 mm/year between 1 January 2021, and 30 December 2023, with downslope displacement velocities ranging from -60.5 mm/year to 69.5 mm/year. Ground-based SAR (GB-SAR) enhances satellite observations by detecting localized apparent deformation at the rear edge of the landslide, with LOS displacement velocities reaching up to 1.5 mm/h. Our analysis suggests that steep and rugged terrain, combined with fragile and densely jointed lithology, are the primary factors contributing to the ongoing deformation of the landslide. The findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of combining satellite- and ground-based InSAR systems, highlighting their complementary role in interpreting complex landslide deformations.
C1 [Wang, Xiaomeng; Zhang, Wenjun; Cai, Jialun; Wu, Zhouhang; Fan, Jing; Yao, Yitong; Deng, Binlin] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resources, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Wenjun; Cai, Jialun] Natl Remote Sensing Ctr China, Mianyang Sci & Technol City Div, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Xiaowen] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University of Science & Technology - China; Southwest Jiaotong
   University
RP Zhang, WJ; Cai, JL (corresponding author), Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resources, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.; Zhang, WJ; Cai, JL (corresponding author), Natl Remote Sensing Ctr China, Mianyang Sci & Technol City Div, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
EM wangxiaomeng@mails.swust.edu.cn; zhangwenjun@swust.edu.cn;
   caijialun@my.swjtu.edu.cn; insarwxw@gmail.com;
   shouyeren@mails.swust.edu.cn; fanjing@mails.swust.edu.cn;
   yaoyitong@mails.swust.edu.cn; dengxiaolin@mails.swust.edu.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1424-8220
PD JAN
PY 2025
VL 25
IS 1
AR 66
DI 10.3390/s25010066
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
UT WOS:001393893000001
ER

PT J
AU Ma, C
   Wang, YJ
   Hu, KH
   Du, C
   Yang, WT
AF Ma, Chao
   Wang, Yujie
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Du, Cui
   Yang, Wentao
TI Rainfall intensity-duration threshold and erosion competence of debris
   flows in four areas affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Rainfall threshold; Debris supply; Wenchuan earthquake
ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; RUNOUT; VOLUME; MOBILIZATION; ENTRAINMENT;
   MECHANISMS; INITIATION; MODEL
AB Debris flows in the Wenchuan seismic region have caused human casualties and severe damage to local infrastructure. Consequently, the triggering rainfall threshold and erosion capability of post-quake debris flows has become an important research topic worldwide. In this study, we analyze five years of rainstorms and debris flow data from four typical earthquake-hit regions in order to examine the local rainfall intensity duration (ID) thresholds and debris supply conditions. It was found that debris flow events in the four seismic areas exhibited different I-D thresholds, related to local mean annual hourly precipitation and debris flow supply conditions. The I-D thresholds, normalized by mean annual maximum hourly rainfall, illustrate that post-quake rainfall thresholds were reduced by at least 30% compared to pre-quake levels. Regression analysis revealed a clear linear relationship between the debris supply condition and the empirical coefficient, a, of the I-D equation. This means that rainfall thresholds of post-quake debris flows in different areas are distinctive and are strongly affected by sediment volume. Different relationships between the entrainment rate and the debris volume per watershed area and its product with the channel gradient illustrate that stream sediments in Yingxiu and Dujiangyan are more eroded, and that local debris flows might persist over a shorter time than in Qingping and Beichuan in the future. Finally, debris flows in the studied area exhibit no tendency of reduction in erosion competence entrainment rate, as found in Taiwan, which might be indicative of a higher entrainment rate persisting for a longer time. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ma, Chao; Wang, Yujie; Yang, Wentao] Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab State Forestry Adm Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Kaiheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Du, Cui] Henan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Luoyang 471023, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Forestry University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Henan University of Science &
   Technology
RP Wang, YJ (corresponding author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab State Forestry Adm Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM wyujie@bjfu.edu.cn
TC 46
Z9 51
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD APR 1
PY 2017
VL 282
BP 85
EP 95
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.012
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000395959600008
ER

PT J
AU Wang, TF
   Lu, FC
   Qin, JT
   Huang, TS
   Kong, H
   Shen, P
AF Wang, Tengfei
   Lu, Fucheng
   Qin, Jintao
   Huang, Taosheng
   Kong, Hui
   Shen, Ping
TI AscDAMs: advanced SLAM-based channel detection and mapping system
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS-FLOW; SIMULTANEOUS LOCALIZATION;
   INTEGRATED SIMULATION; SURFACE CHANGE; CATCHMENT; INITIATION; HAZARDS;
   EROSION; AREAS
AB Obtaining high-resolution, accurate channel topography and deposit conditions has been a challenge for the study of channelized debris flow. Currently, widely used mapping technologies including satellite imaging and drone photogrammetry struggle to precisely observe channel interior conditions of long and deep mountainous gullies, particularly those in the Wenchuan earthquake region. SLAM is an emerging tech for 3D mapping; however, extremely rugged environment in long and deep gullies poses two major challenges even for the state-of-the-art SLAM: (1) atypical features and (2) violent swaying and oscillation of sensors. These issues result in large deviation and lots of noise for SLAM results. To improve SLAM mapping in such environments, we propose an advanced SLAM-based channel detection and mapping system, namely AscDAMs. It features three main enhancements to post-process SLAM results: (1) the digital orthophoto map-aided deviation correction algorithm greatly eliminates the systematic error; (2) the point cloud smoothing algorithm substantially diminishes noise; (3) the cross-section extraction algorithm enables the quantitative assessment of channel deposits and their changes. Two field experiments were conducted in Chutou gully, Wenchuan County in China in February and November 2023, representing observations before and after the rainy season. We demonstrate the capability of AscDAMs to greatly improve SLAM results, promoting SLAM for mapping the specially challenging environment. The proposed method compensates for the insufficiencies of existing technologies in detecting debris flow channel interiors including detailed channel morphology, erosion patterns, deposit distinction, volume estimation and change detection. It serves to enhance the study of full-scale debris flow mechanisms, long-term post-seismic evolution, and hazard assessment.
C1 [Wang, Tengfei; Lu, Fucheng; Qin, Jintao; Huang, Taosheng; Kong, Hui; Shen, Ping] Univ Macau, State Key Lab Internet Things Smart City, Macau, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Tengfei; Lu, Fucheng; Qin, Jintao; Huang, Taosheng] Univ Macau, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Macau, Peoples R China.
   [Kong, Hui] Univ Macau, Dept Electromech Engn, Macau, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Ping] Univ Macau, Dept Ocean Sci & Technol, Macau, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Macau; University of Macau; University of Macau;
   University of Macau
RP Kong, H; Shen, P (corresponding author), Univ Macau, State Key Lab Internet Things Smart City, Macau, Peoples R China.; Kong, H (corresponding author), Univ Macau, Dept Electromech Engn, Macau, Peoples R China.; Shen, P (corresponding author), Univ Macau, Dept Ocean Sci & Technol, Macau, Peoples R China.
EM huikong@um.edu.mo; pingshen@um.edu.mo
TC 1
Z9 1
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PD SEP 13
PY 2024
VL 24
IS 9
BP 3075
EP 3094
DI 10.5194/nhess-24-3075-2024
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001352589700001
ER

PT J
AU Li, WL
   Huang, RQ
   Tang, C
   Xu, Q
   van Westen, C
AF Li Wei-le
   Huang Run-qiu
   Tang Chuan
   Xu Qiang
   van Westen, Cees
TI Co-seismic landslide inventory and susceptibility mapping in the 2008
   Wenchuan earthquake disaster area, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslide; Inventory; Susceptibility mapping;
   Logistic regression
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODEL; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GIS; HAZARD
AB The Ms 8.0 May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered tens of thousands of landslides. The widespread landslides have caused serious casualties and property losses, and posed a great threat to post-earthquake reconstruction. A spatial database, inventoried 43,842 landslides with a total area of 632 km(2), was developed by interpretation of multi-resolution remote sensing images. The landslides can be classified into three categories: swallow, disrupted slides and falls; deep-seated slides and falls, and rock avalanches. The correlation between landslides distribution and the influencing parameters including distance from co-seismic fault, lithology, slope gradient, elevation, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and distance from drainage were analyzed. The distance from co-seismic fault was the most significant parameter followed by slope gradient and PGA was the least significant one. A logistic regression model combined with bivariate statistical analysis (BSA) was adopted for landslide susceptibility mapping. The study area was classified into five categories of landslide susceptibility: very low, low, medium, high and very high. 92.0% of the study area belongs to low and very low categories with corresponding 9.0% of the total inventoried landslides. Medium susceptible zones make up 4.2% of the area with 17.7% of the total landslides. The rest of the area was classified into high and very high categories, which makes up 3.9% of the area with corresponding 73.3% of the total landslides. Although the susceptibility map can reveal the likelihood of future landslides and debris flows, and it is helpful for the rebuilding process and future zoning issues.
C1 [Li Wei-le; Huang Run-qiu; Tang Chuan; Xu Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Li Wei-le; van Westen, Cees] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AA Enschede, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Twente
RP Li, WL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM whylwl01@163.com
TC 41
Z9 49
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 10
IS 3
BP 339
EP 354
DI 10.1007/s11629-013-2471-5
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000319418700001
ER

PT J
AU Yuan, RM
   Tang, CL
   Deng, QH
AF Yuan, Ren-mao
   Tang, Chao-Lung
   Deng, Qing-hai
TI Effect of the acceleration component normal to the sliding surface on
   earthquake-induced landslide triggering
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Sliding surface-normal acceleration; Effect; Sliding block model; The
   Donghekou landslide
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHI-CHI; TOPOGRAPHY; SHAKING; TAIWAN; MOTION
AB In 2008, the Wenchuan M-w 7.9 earthquake triggered a large number of landslides in the Longmenshan area. Among them, the Donghekou landslide is a gigantic one, which buried four villages and one elementary school. During the Wenchuan earthquake, large accelerations, especially vertical, were produced, which should to be taken into account in the dynamic analysis of slope stability. However, the vertical acceleration, which can largely influence the acceleration component normal to the sliding surface, is often overlooked in dynamic analysis of slope stability. In this work, the initiation of the Donghekou landslide is analyzed by using Newmark's sliding block model. Comparative analyses of conditions both with and without an acceleration component normal to the sliding surface, which is contributed mainly by the vertical acceleration, are then conducted to investigate its role in triggering the Donghekou landslide. Research results show that the initiating time of the Donghekou landslide would be earlier considering the acceleration component normal to the slide surface than without it due to larger estimated Newmark displacement. This conclusion is then verified by simulated results on the basis of DEM. It means that initiation of landslides can be influenced significantly by seismic acceleration component normal to sliding surface, especially in the area with large vertical acceleration.
C1 [Yuan, Ren-mao] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chao-Lung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
   [Deng, Qing-hai] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Earth Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; National
   Taiwan University; Shandong University of Science & Technology
RP Yuan, RM (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Huayanli A1, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM yuanrenmao@ies.ac.cn
TC 44
Z9 46
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 2
BP 335
EP 344
DI 10.1007/s10346-014-0486-9
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000352147300010
ER

PT J
AU Sheng, MH
   Chu, RS
   Wei, ZG
   Bao, F
   Guo, AZ
AF Sheng MinHan
   Chu RiSheng
   Wei ZiGen
   Bao Feng
   Guo AiZhi
TI Study of microseismicity caused by Xishancun Landslide deformation in Li
   county, Sichuan Province
SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION
DT Article
DE Monitoring landslide deformation; Slidequake detection; Template
   matching; Landslide internal deformation
ID LOCATION; TIME
AB The Xishancun Landslide is located in the Longmenshan Mountains where the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered a large number of landslides in this region. Since then, the Xishancun Landslide is continuously deforming. In order to monitor slidequakes generated by the slope movement and the internal fracturing of the rock mass and to understand slip and strain pattern of the landslide, a seismic network with 30 seismometers was deployed on the landslide in the autumn of 2015. Firstly, we distinguish signals of slidequakes from those generated by human activities and local earthquakes through their onsets and waveform characteristics. Then we use the sliding-window cross-correlation method based on waveform matching to identify other slidequakes. We find 96 slidequakes recorded by all seismometers. We relocate the slidequakes using a grid-search algorithm by minimizing travel-time residuals. 80 events are located on the foot of the landslide while the others are located on the head, which indicates that considerable energy is accumulated in the foot and head of the landslide. Besides large slidequakes, there are smaller events which are only recorded by a few nearby stations. These small slidequakes occur in middle part of the landslide where less energy is released. Based on the distribution of those slidequakes, we find four seismically unstable regions which agree well with distinct deformation areas obtained from borehole data. The distribution of those slidequakes might be related to the internal structure and the movement of the landslide, indicating that seismic method is a useful tool to monitor landslide deformation and a powerful complement to other means.
C1 [Sheng MinHan; Chu RiSheng; Wei ZiGen; Bao Feng; Guo AiZhi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, State Key Lab Geodesy & Earths Dynam, Wuhan 430077, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Sheng MinHan] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Innovation Academy for Precision
   Measurement Science & Technology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Chu, RS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, State Key Lab Geodesy & Earths Dynam, Wuhan 430077, Hubei, Peoples R China.
EM shengminhan@whigg.ac.cn; chur@asch.whigg.ac.cn
TC 14
Z9 19
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0001-5733
PD JAN
PY 2018
VL 61
IS 1
BP 171
EP 182
DI 10.6038/cjg2018L0367
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000422703100016
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, J
   Chen, HY
   Tang, C
   Chen, M
   Yang, T
   Gong, LF
   Zhang, XZ
   Shi, QY
   Li, N
   Li, MW
AF Xiong, Jiang
   Chen, Huayong
   Tang, Chuan
   Chen, Ming
   Yang, Tao
   Gong, Lingfeng
   Zhang, Xianzheng
   Shi, Qingyun
   Li, Ning
   Li, Mingwei
TI Dynamic impact of hillslope landslide sediment transfer to ecological
   environment recovery in earthquake disturbed area
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslide sediment; Vegetation restoration; Transport potential;
   Spatiotemporal evolution
ID CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHINA;
   CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPE; EVOLUTION; DELIVERY; EROSION; REGION; ROOTS
AB In the Wenchuan seismic disturbed region, the landslide sediment transfer has seriously damaged the vegetation. On the contrary, the vegetation recovery can improve the post-seismic slope instability by the root reinforcement effect and reduce landslide sediment transfer. However, due to limited earth observations, it remains elusive that the dynamic response of hillslope landslide sediment transfer to ecological environment recovery in earthquake disturbed area. We analyzed the prolonged evolution of landslide sediment transfer potential (LSTP) and surface recovery in epicentre of Wenchuan earthquake using the standardization landslide sediment transfer potential index (SIH) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), respectively. As well, the dynamic relationship between landslide sediment transfer and vegetation recovery is discussed. We found that the LSTP in regions between Gengda and Caopo was dominated by high and extreme levels between 2008 and 2013, and it gradually enhanced during this period, which poses a negative impact on vegetation recovery. On the contrary, the LSTP continued to decline after 2013, which provided a positive impact on vegetation recovery, and average NDVI recovered at a rate of 0.05 yr-1. In recent years, more than 78.33% of the study area was dominated by moderate and slight LSTP, and the NDVI has almost returned to pre-earthquake levels, which provides a linear impact on decay of landslide erosion and landslide sediment supply for channel. However, the species that breed slowly (trees) will gradually rehabilitate for a longer period, so the impact of vegetation restoration on landslide sediment reduction needs further long-term observation.
C1 [Xiong, Jiang; Chen, Huayong; Yang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chuan; Chen, Ming] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Lingfeng; Zhang, Xianzheng] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Geol Survey Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Qingyun] Chengdu Univ Informat & Technol, Chengdu 610225, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ning] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Management, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Mingwei] CAGS, Inst Geophys & Geochem Explorat, Langfang 065000, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological
   Survey; Chengdu University of Information Technology; Xihua University;
   China Geological Survey; Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical
   Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
RP Chen, HY (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
EM hychen@imde.ac.cn
TC 3
Z9 4
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 84
IS 2
AR 112
DI 10.1007/s10064-025-04125-1
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001414362700001
ER

PT J
AU Cui, FP
   Xiong, C
   Wu, Q
   Xu, C
   Li, N
   Wu, NA
   Cui, L
AF Cui, Fangpeng
   Xiong, Chen
   Wu, Qiang
   Xu, Chong
   Li, Ning
   Wu, Ning'an
   Cui, Li
TI Dynamic response of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Wenchuan
   earthquake with a composite hypocenter
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE A composite hypocentre; dip-slip faulting mechanism; oblique-slip
   faulting mechanism; strike-slip faulting mechanism; initial
   sub-hypocenter; local sub-hypocenter; terminal sub-hypocenter
ID SEISMIC RESPONSE; POSTSEISMIC LANDSLIDES; ROCK AVALANCHES; SICHUAN;
   FLOW; AREA; MECHANISM; INSIGHTS; RUPTURE; CHINA
AB To identify the correspondence between the different dynamic responses of the Daguangbao landslide and the different faulting mechanisms of the composite-hypocenter, the whole hypocenter of the Wenchuan earthquake was divided into four sub-hypocenters. On another hand, based on the location of the Dauangbao landslide, the composite-hypocenter was divided into the Initial Sub-hypocenter, the Approaching Sub-hypocenter, the Local Sub-hypocenter, the Receding sub-hypocenter and the Terminal sub-hypocenter. Subsequently, dynamic response of the landslide was modeled by using UDEC software. The results show that progressive damage and critical failure of the mega landslide are triggered by the second sub-hypocenter. Simutaneously, with respect to the second classification basis, its progressive damage is induced by the Approaching Hypocenter and the Local Hypocenter in time sequence. The Local Hypocenter triggers its critical failure. During the long-runout stage, besides the local topography, its self-gravity poses a dominant contribution to the dynamic responses of the landslide. Especially, the inertial seismic force is another key factor that triggers the ejection stage of the landslide. The following seismic forces triggered by the corresponding sub-hypocenter influence the long-runout stage slightly. The horizontal seismic force poses a dominant contribution to the progressive damage and critical failure of the mega landslide.
C1 [Cui, Fangpeng; Xiong, Chen; Wu, Qiang; Li, Ning; Wu, Ning'an; Cui, Li] China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, Sch Geosci & Surveying Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Fangpeng; Xiong, Chen; Wu, Qiang; Li, Ning; Wu, Ning'an; Cui, Li] Natl Engn Res Ctr Coal Mine Water Hazard Controll, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Minist Emergency Management China, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Mining & Technology; China Earthquake
   Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Cui, FP (corresponding author), China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, Sch Geosci & Surveying Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Cui, FP (corresponding author), Natl Engn Res Ctr Coal Mine Water Hazard Controll, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM cuifp@cumtb.edu.cn
TC 13
Z9 14
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD JAN 1
PY 2021
VL 12
IS 1
BP 2170
EP 2193
DI 10.1080/19475705.2021.1944916
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000679118200001
ER

PT J
AU Shen, P
   Zhang, LM
   Chen, HX
   Gao, L
AF Shen, P.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Chen, H. X.
   Gao, L.
TI Role of vegetation restoration in mitigating hillslope erosion and
   debris flows
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslides; Surface erosion; Debris flows; Rainfall; Vegetation;
   Restoration
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RUNOUT CHARACTERISTICS; PARTICLE SEGREGATION; SOIL
   ERODIBILITY; DETACHMENT RATE; ROOTS; STRENGTH; SIMULATION; SLOPE;
   LANDSLIDES
AB After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a large amount of loose landslide deposits was left in the stricken region.A heavy storm in 2010 turned numerous deposits into debris flows. After 2010, vegetation gradually recovered on the remnant soil deposits. During the wet seasons in 2013 and 2015, the number of debris flows decreased significantly compared with that in 2010. This paper investigates the role of vegetation in mitigating runoff induced hillslope erosion and debris flows. The study slope is near the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake. Three levels of vegetation restoration are considered: bare in 2010, middle level in 2013 and high level in 2015. Soil samples were taken from the landslide deposits to determine the root mass density, which is used to quantify erosion resistance parameters at different vegetation levels. Massive erosion is simulated in the 2010 case, which in turn develops into hillslope debris flows. Very little or no erosion is simulated in the 2013 and 2015 cases, which is in part attributed to the enhanced resistance to erosion by restored vegetation. A parametric study is conducted to further investigate the effectiveness of erosion reduction through revegetation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shen, P.; Zhang, L. M.; Chen, H. X.; Gao, L.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, H. X.] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Tongji University
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM pshen@connect.ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk; chenhongxin@tongji.edu.cn;
   lgaoab@ust.hk
TC 95
Z9 100
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN 12
PY 2017
VL 216
BP 122
EP 133
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.11.019
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000392775700010
ER

PT J
AU Fan, RL
   Zhang, LM
   Shen, P
AF Fan, R. L.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Shen, P.
TI Evaluating volume of coseismic landslide clusters by flow
   direction-based partitioning
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; Earthquake; Mass wasting; Slope stability; Risk assessment;
   Power law
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INTEGRATED SIMULATION; EROSION; HAZARD; SLOPE;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; EVOLUTION; EPICENTER; DYNAMICS; AREAS
AB A strong earthquake can trigger thousands of co-seismic landslides. The evaluation of the volume of such co-seismic landslides is essential for landslide risk assessment and long-term post-earthquake hazard evaluation. Empirical volume-area power laws are often applied to estimate the landslide volume. When several small landslide deposits form a large cluster on the hillslope, blurry boundaries of the clustered co-seismic landslides may lead to seemingly one large landslide and grossly overestimated landslide volume. In this paper, we propose a flow direction-based method to identify the boundaries of a cluster of landslides and to partition co-seismic landslides. Three watersheds that were severely impacted by co-seismic landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake region are chosen for case studies. Each co-seismic landslide cluster in these watersheds was interpreted from images taken shortly after the earthquake, and partitioned into individual landslides in accordance with a flow direction map that is processed based on a local digital terrain model. Finally, the volume of each individual landslide is calculated using an empirical volume-area power law. The adopted power law scaling relationship is selected from six widely used empirical relations and verified by 11 local landslide cases. The proposed flow-direction based partitioning method is further verified by clear boundaries of landslides that were exposed after storms, as well as supplementary field survey results. The proposed method results in similar landslide boundaries and volumes as the field survey results. The uncertainty of this approach is below 19%. If no partitioning is conducted, the total volume of the landslide cluster can approach twice that from the field investigations.
C1 [Fan, R. L.; Zhang, L. M.; Shen, P.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM rfanaa@connect.ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk; pshen@connect.ust.hk
TC 16
Z9 18
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT 3
PY 2019
VL 260
AR 105238
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105238
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000495469800023
ER

PT J
AU Li, G
   West, AJ
   Qiu, HR
AF Li, Gen
   West, A. Joshua
   Qiu, Hongrui
TI Competing Effects of Mountain Uplift and Landslide Erosion Over
   Earthquake Cycles
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
DT Article
ID 7.9 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EFFECTIVE ELASTIC THICKNESS; TIBETAN PLATEAU;
   RUPTURE LENGTH; EASTERN MARGIN; ISOSTASY CANT; LONGMEN SHAN; MODEL;
   FAULT; MAGNITUDE
AB Large earthquakes can construct mountainous topography by inducing rock uplift but also erode mountains by causing landslides. Observations following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake show that landslide volumes in some cases match seismically induced uplift, raising questions about how the actions of individual earthquakes accumulate to build topography. Here we model the two-dimensional surface displacement field generated over a full earthquake cycle accounting for coseismic deformation, postseismic relaxation, landslide erosion, and erosion-induced isostatic compensation. We explore the related volume balance across different seismotectonic and topographic conditions and revisit the Wenchuan case in this context. The ratio (Omega) between landslide erosion and uplift is most sensitive to parameters determining landslide volumes (particularly earthquake magnitude M-w, seismic energy source depth, and failure susceptibility, as well as the seismological factor responsible for triggering landslides), and is moderately sensitive to the effective elastic thickness of lithosphere, T-e. For a specified magnitude, more erosive events (higher Omega) tend to occur at shallower depth, in thicker-T-e lithosphere, and in steeper, more landslide-prone landscapes. For given landscape and seismotectonic conditions, the volumes of both landslides and uplift to first order positively scale with M-w and seismic moment M-o. However, higher M-w earthquakes generate lower landslide and uplift volumes per unit M-o, suggesting lower efficiency in the use of seismic energy to drive topographic change. With our model, we calculate the long-term average seismic volume balance for the eastern Tibetan region and find that the net topographic effect of earthquakes in this region tends to be constructive rather than erosive. Overall, destructive events are rare when considering processes over the full earthquake cycle, although they are more likely if only considering the coseismic volume budget (as was the case for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake where landsliding substantially offset coseismic uplift). Irrespective of the net budget, our results suggest that the erosive power of earthquakes plays an important role in mountain belt evolution, including by influencing structures and spatial patterns of deformation, for example affecting the wavelength of topography.
C1 [Li, Gen; West, A. Joshua; Qiu, Hongrui] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA.
   [Li, Gen] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
C3 University of Southern California; California Institute of Technology
RP Li, G (corresponding author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA.; Li, G (corresponding author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM ligengeo@gmail.com
TC 17
Z9 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
PD MAY
PY 2019
VL 124
IS 5
BP 5101
EP 5133
DI 10.1029/2018JB016986
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000477721500045
ER

PT J
AU Huang, D
   Li, YQ
   Song, YX
   Ma, WZ
   Ma, GW
AF Huang, Da
   Li, Yan Qi
   Song, Yi Xiang
   Ma, Wen Zhu
   Ma, Guo Wei
TI Ejection landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and
   movement modelling using aerodynamic theory and artificial
   disintegration collision technique
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Ejection landslide; Aerodynamic effect; Rock
   avalanche; Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA)
ID DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; DISPLACEMENT;
   HAZARD; NORTHRIDGE; VELOCITY; FAILURE; DDA
AB Many ejection landslides in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake exhibited unusually dramatic behaviour in which a huge sliding mass was launched into the air and supported for a long distance because of the aerodynamic effect. In this paper, the formation conditions and movement characteristics of ejection landslides are analysed. The flight behaviour of the centroid of the ejection mass is studied by numerical solution with and without the aerodynamic effect. The impact and movement processes of the sliding mass are simulated by incorporating an advanced discretisation approach into discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). Simulation results of the Dayanke rock avalanche induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake show that the aerodynamic effect significantly affects its flight behaviour before collision. Simultaneously, the colluvium on the slope surface remarkably reduces its traveling speed and runout. Moreover, the initial angle between the velocity of the detached ejection mass and the horizontal direction strongly affects the flight distance and final deposition pattern of the avalanche.
C1 [Huang, Da; Li, Yan Qi; Song, Yi Xiang; Ma, Guo Wei] Hebei Univ Technol, Sch Civil & Transportat Engn, Tianjin 300401, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Wen Zhu] Hebei Univ Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Handan 056000, Peoples R China.
C3 Hebei University of Technology; Hebei University of Engineering
RP Song, YX (corresponding author), Hebei Univ Technol, Sch Civil & Transportat Engn, Tianjin 300401, Peoples R China.
EM yixiang-song@hebut.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD MAY 29
PY 2020
VL 79
IS 11
AR 263
DI 10.1007/s12665-020-09021-3
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000538100500002
ER

PT J
AU Zhan, WW
   Fan, XM
   Huang, RQ
   Pei, XJ
   Xu, Q
   Li, W
AF Zhan, Weiwei
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Huang, Runqiu
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Xu, Qiang
   Li, Weile
TI Empirical prediction for travel distance of channelized rock avalanches
   in the Wenchuan earthquake area
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID LANDSLIDE RISK; MOBILITY; MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; ANGLE
AB Rock avalanches are extremely rapid, massive flow-like movements of fragmented rock. The travel path of the rock avalanches may be confined by channels in some cases, which are referred to as channelized rock avalanches. Channelized rock avalanches are potentially dangerous due to their difficult-to-predict travel distance. In this study, we constructed a dataset with detailed characteristic parameters of 38 channelized rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using the visual interpretation of remote sensing imagery, field investigation and literature review. Based on this dataset, we assessed the influence of different factors on the runout distance and developed prediction models of the channelized rock avalanches using the multivariate regression method. The results suggested that the movement of channelized rock avalanche was dominated by the landslide volume, total relief and channel gradient. The performance of both models was then tested with an independent validation dataset of eight rock avalanches that were induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the M-s 7.0 Lushan earthquake and heavy rainfall in 2013, showing acceptable good prediction results. Therefore, the travel-distance prediction models for channelized rock avalanches constructed in this study are applicable and reliable for predicting the runout of similar rock avalanches in other regions.
C1 [Zhan, Weiwei; Fan, Xuanmei; Huang, Runqiu; Pei, Xiangjun; Xu, Qiang; Li, Weile] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 37
Z9 39
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PD JUN 8
PY 2017
VL 17
IS 6
BP 833
EP 844
DI 10.5194/nhess-17-833-2017
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000403234100001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, ZY
   Qi, LJ
   Wang, XZ
AF Wang, Zhao Yin
   Qi, Lijian
   Wang, Xuzhao
TI A prototype experiment of debris flow control with energy dissipation
   structures
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Energy dissipation; Step-pool system; Check dams; Landslide
ID SKIMMING FLOWS; STREAMS; ORIGIN
AB Large-volume debris flow events are defined when the volume of solid materials exceeds 1 million m(3). Traditional engineering measures, such as check dams, diversion channels, and flumes, are effective for normal debris flow control but are not sufficient to control large-volume debris flows. Experiments were conducted with an artificial step-pool system on the new Wenjiagou Gully to mitigate large-volume debris flows. The old Wenjiagou Gully was buried by 81.6 million m(3) of loose solid material created by a landslide that was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. The new gully was formed during the scouring process caused by debris flows in 2008. Large-volume debris flows were initiated by rainstorm flood with high kinetic energy. The artificial step-pool system was constructed with huge and big boulders on the new Wenjiagou Gully in 2009. The step-pool system dissipated flow energy in steps and hydraulic jumps. Analysis proved that the step-pool system dissipated two-third of the kinetic energy of flow; thus, the critical discharge for triggering debris flow increased threefold. Due to the step-pool system maximized the flow resistance and protected the bed sediment and banks from erosion, the rainstorm floods in 2009 did not trigger debris flows. In 2010, the step-pool system was replaced with 20 check dams. Huge boulders were broken into small pieces of diameter less than 0.5 m and were used as building materials for the 20 dams. Without the protection of the step-pool system, a rainstorm flood scoured the base of the dams and caused failures for all of the 20 check dams in August 2010. The flow incised the gully bed by 50 m. The loose bank materials slid into the flow mixed with water and formed a large-volume debris flow with a volume of 4.5 million m(3). Many houses were buried by the debris flow, and 12 people were killed. Comparison of the two strategies proved that energy dissipation structures are necessary for controlling large-volume debris flows. Check dams, if they are stable, may reduce the potential of bank failures and control debris flows. The step-pool system dissipates flow energy and control gully bed incision and bank failure. A combination of check dams and step-pool systems may be the most effective for mitigating debris flows.
C1 [Wang, Zhao Yin] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Lijian] Sichuan Agr Univ, Yaan 625014, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Xuzhao] Beijing Inst Geol Mineral Resources, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University; Sichuan Agricultural University
RP Wang, ZY (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM zywang@tsinghua.edu.cn; qilij7@163.com; wxzbigm@yahoo.com.cn
TC 35
Z9 40
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 60
IS 3
BP 971
EP 989
DI 10.1007/s11069-011-9878-5
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000299957100010
ER

PT J
AU Cui, P
   Zou, Q
   Xiang, LZ
   Zeng, C
AF Cui, Peng
   Zou, Qiang
   Xiang, Ling-zhi
   Zeng, Chao
TI Risk assessment of simultaneous debris flows in mountain townships
SO PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY-EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE debris flow; hazard analysis; risk assessment; vulnerability; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID HAZARD ASSESSMENT
AB Many mountain towns in China are located on the joint alluvial fans of multiple and adjacent past debris flows, making them vulnerable to large, multiple, and simultaneous debris flows during heavy rainfall. Without emergency management planning, such flows, often appearing with interconnecting and chain-reaction processes, can lead to extensive loss of life and property. In the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, such disasters are common. We analyzed the compound effects of simultaneous debris flow events, and proposed three quantitative methods of debris risk assessment based on kinetic energy, flow depth, and inundation depth. Validated using a field study of actual debris flow disasters, these analyses are useful in determining the type, quantity, distribution, economic worth, and susceptibility of hazard-affected objects in a region. Subsequently, we established a method to determine the vulnerability of different hazard-affected objects, particularly concerning the susceptibility indexes of buildings or structures. By analyzing the elements underlying hazard formation conditions, damage potential, and the socio-economic conditions of mountain townships, we proposed a systematic and quantitative method for risk analysis of mountain townships. Finally, the proposed method was applied to a case study of Qingping Township, which was affected by 21 simultaneous debris flows triggered by a 50-year return period precipitation event. The proposed method analyzed the superposition and chain-reaction effects of disasters and divided the affected area of the township into three risk zones. The analysis indicated that the calculated risk zones coincide with the actual distribution and severity of damage in the debris flow event, which suggests that the risk assessment is consistent with results from the actual disaster.
C1 [Cui, Peng; Zou, Qiang; Zeng, Chao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, CAS Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China.
   [Zou, Qiang; Zeng, Chao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Changchun, Peoples R China.
   [Zou, Qiang] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Mianyang, Peoples R China.
   [Xiang, Ling-zhi] Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Chongqing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Southwest University of Science & Technology -
   China; Chongqing Jiaotong University
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), 9,Sect 4,Renminnanlu Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 53
Z9 67
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0309-1333
EI 1477-0296
PD AUG
PY 2013
VL 37
IS 4
BP 516
EP 542
DI 10.1177/0309133313491445
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000322155100004
ER

PT J
AU Guo, BY
   Xie, TP
   Subrahmanyam, MV
AF Guo, Biyun
   Xie, Taiping
   Subrahmanyam, Mantravadi Venkata
TI Rainfall Runoff in Small Watershed after Wenchuan Earthquake in Western
   China Based on Remote Sensing Technology-A Case Study of Jianping Gully
   Watershed
SO POLISH JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
DT Article
DE earthquake; rainfall-runoff modeling; remote sensing; WMS HEC-1; curve
   number
AB On May 12, 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, China caused surface damage, frequent landslides and debris flow, which further exacerbated the flash flood hazards. Two giant debris flows in Longxi River basin (located in Wenchuan county) occurred due to heavy rainfall after the earthquake: one was on August 13,2010, and the other on August 18,2010. Reduction and risk assessment of flash floods are the key issues in post-disaster reconstruction. Due to lack of sufficient research data, hydrological prediction models are employed as important and cost-efficient mitigation tools. Wenchuan earthquake area was taken as study site in order to illustrate the influence of geographical environmental changes on micro-mechanism of mountain floods. In this paper, hydrological observation and simulations using remote sensing data and the WMS HEC-1 model are carried out in the typical flood-hitting area (Jianping Gully basin, Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, China). The hydrological response of rainfall runoff is discussed. Precipitation over the study area affects the runoff and floods, however precipitation has positive relation with the peak flood discharge. The simulation shows that the peak flood and runoff volume on August 13, 2010 is close to a 10-year maximum. The flash flood was the main cause of the large debris flow on that event. However, peak runoff remains the same regardless of the intensity of rainfall, which may be due to the shape of the river basin and the initial conditions of the model setting. This paper can get better understanding of the forming mechanism, evolution process, distribution and assessment of torrential flood induced by a devastating earthquake.
C1 [Guo, Biyun; Subrahmanyam, Mantravadi Venkata] Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Marine Sci & Technol Coll, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Biyun] Qinghai Univ, State Key Lab Plateau Ecol & Agr, Xining 810016, Qinghai, Peoples R China.
   [Xie, Taiping] Tongling Univ, Rural Econ Inst, Tongling 244000, Anhui, Peoples R China.
C3 Zhejiang Ocean University; Qinghai University; Tongling University
RP Guo, BY (corresponding author), Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Marine Sci & Technol Coll, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.; Guo, BY (corresponding author), Qinghai Univ, State Key Lab Plateau Ecol & Agr, Xining 810016, Qinghai, Peoples R China.; Xie, TP (corresponding author), Tongling Univ, Rural Econ Inst, Tongling 244000, Anhui, Peoples R China.
EM biyunguo@163.com; xtp90@163.com
TC 2
Z9 3
PU HARD
PI OLSZTYN 5
PA POST-OFFICE BOX, 10-718 OLSZTYN 5, POLAND
SN 1230-1485
EI 2083-5906
PY 2021
VL 30
IS 3
BP 2543
EP 2552
DI 10.15244/pjoes/129913
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000659522600008
ER

PT J
AU Ding, HR
   Li, Y
   Ni, SJ
   Ma, GW
   Shi, ZM
   Zhao, GH
   Yan, L
   Yan, ZK
AF Ding, Hairong
   Li, Yong
   Ni, Shijun
   Ma, Guangwen
   Shi, Zeming
   Zhao, Guohua
   Yan, Liang
   Yan, Zhaokun
TI Increased sediment discharge driven by heavy rainfall after Wenchuan
   earthquake: A case study in the upper reaches of the Min River, Sichuan,
   China
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
DT Article
ID LANDSLIDES; TAIWAN
AB The Wenchuan earthquake with magnitude 8.0 hit Longmen Mountain on May 12, 2008. The coseismic deformation changed the slope in an instant and caused massive outbreaks of landslides and debris flows, which altered the river transport system. The seismic landslides, debris flows and subsequent heavy rainfall and flooding increased sediment discharge. Data on sediment discharge, rainfall, landslides, and debris flows were collected in this study for 1980-2010 to describe the effects of the Wenchuan earthquake and post-earthquake heavy rainfall on the increase in sediment discharge in the upper reaches of the Min River. The relationship between precipitation, sediment discharge, landslides, and debris flows before and after the Wenchuan earthquake in the upper reaches of the Min River was analyzed. The variation trends of sediment discharge in the river basin before and after the earthquake were calculated quantitatively. The research results can be summarized as follows: (1) Sediment discharge increased by approximately 30% due to coseismic uplift, coseismic landslides, and debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake. (2) The sediment discharge caused by heavy rainfall after the earthquake was 1.75 times larger than before the earthquake. The percentage contribution of the sediment yield of debris flows induced by heavy rainfall after the earthquake to the increase in sediment discharge was 34.54%. (3) The heavy rainfall zone basically coincided with the earthquake fault zone and the seismic landslide zone. Therefore, there was a positive-feedback relationship between the increase of sediment discharge and heavy rainfall after the Wenchuan earthquake. (4) The loosening of surface materials and landslides driven by the Wenchuan earthquake resulted in an increase in sediment discharge into the river, bringing about a great disaster which will need to be addressed in the coming decades. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ding, Hairong; Ma, Guangwen] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan Provinc, Peoples R China.
   [Ding, Hairong; Li, Yong; Zhao, Guohua; Yan, Liang; Yan, Zhaokun] Chengdu Univ Technol, Natl Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Explorat, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan Provinc, Peoples R China.
   [Ding, Hairong; Ni, Shijun; Shi, Zeming] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Nucl Technol & Automat Engn, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan Provinc, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University
   of Technology
RP Li, Y (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Natl Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Explorat, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan Provinc, Peoples R China.
EM yzk517@163.com
TC 17
Z9 23
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
EI 1873-4553
PD MAY 30
PY 2014
VL 333
BP 122
EP 129
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.01.019
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000336442200014
ER

PT J
AU Shi, Y
   Zhang, ZG
   Xue, CH
   Feng, Y
AF Shi, Yang
   Zhang, Zhenguo
   Xue, Changhu
   Feng, Yu
TI Machine Learning Prediction of Co-Seismic Landslide with Distance and
   Azimuth Instead of Peak Ground Acceleration
SO SUSTAINABILITY
DT Article
DE co-seismic landslide; machine learning; PGA; distance; azimuth
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HORIZONTAL
   COMPONENT; MOTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PERIODS; SICHUAN; MODELS; AREA; PGV
AB Most machine learning (ML) studies on predicting co-seismic landslides have relied on Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). The PGA of the ground strongly correlates with the relative position and azimuth of the seismogenic faults. Using the co-seismic landslide records of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, we show that the ML model using the distances and azimuths from the epicenter to sites performs better than the PGA model regarding accuracy and actual prediction results. The distances and azimuths are more accessible than the PGA because obtaining accurate and realistic large-scale PGAs is difficult. Considering their computational efficiency and cost-effectiveness, the ML models utilizing distances and azimuths from the epicenter to the sites as inputs could be an alternative to PGA-based models for evaluating the impact of co-seismic landslides. Notably, these models prove advantageous in near-real-time scenarios and settings requiring high spatial resolution, and provide favorable assistance in achieving the goal of sustainable development of society.
C1 [Shi, Yang; Zhang, Zhenguo] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Yang; Zhang, Zhenguo] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Risk Anal Predict & Management Risks X, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Zhenguo] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Geophys High Resolut Imagin, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
   [Xue, Changhu] State Key Lab Space Earth Integrated Informat Tech, Beijing 100095, Peoples R China.
   [Feng, Yu] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Zhuhai 519082, Peoples R China.
C3 Southern University of Science & Technology; Southern University of
   Science & Technology; Southern University of Science & Technology; Sun
   Yat Sen University
RP Zhang, ZG (corresponding author), Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.; Zhang, ZG (corresponding author), Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Risk Anal Predict & Management Risks X, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.; Zhang, ZG (corresponding author), Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Geophys High Resolut Imagin, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
EM juanito_yangshi@163.com; zhangzg@sustech.edu.cn; chh_xue@163.com;
   fengy253@mail.sysu.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2071-1050
PD OCT
PY 2024
VL 16
IS 19
AR 8332
DI 10.3390/su16198332
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001332978000001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, GH
   Huang, RQ
   Lourenço, SDN
   Kamai, T
AF Wang, Gonghui
   Huang, Runqiu
   Lourenco, Sergio D. N.
   Kamai, Toshitaka
TI A large landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (M8.0) earthquake in
   Donghekou area: Phenomena and mechanisms
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Catastrophic landslide; Liquefaction; Internal
   structure; Weathering of slate
ID INITIATION; EVENT; TESTS; FLOW
AB During the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, more than 60,000 landslides were triggered, resulting in about 20,000 casualties. Among these landslides, a catastrophic one occurred in Donghekou area of Qingchuan County. Donghekou landslide had a volume of about 1 x 10(7) m(3), traveled fast for approximately 2 km, killing about 780 people. The source area consisted of unstable sedimentary strata and the runout path was made of colluvial deposits. During the earthquake, the colluvial deposits started to move first, before the arrival of the displaced landslide debris from the main source area. We performed undrained cyclic ring shear tests on samples taken from the runout path and concluded that liquefaction of the runout path material enhanced the mobility of the debris material. A fumarole was identified on the upper part of the runout path 6 months later. We analyzed the gas and water venting out, and concluded that the fumarole was not the result of fault movement; it resulted instead from the weathering of slate from the source area. The long-travel landslide materials blocked two rivers, forming two landslide dams that breached with the occurrence of overtopping. To better understand the internal structure of the landslide deposits and then provide evidence for a rational plan of countermeasures to stabilize the landslide dams, we measured the shear-wave-velocity of the landslide deposits by a surface-wave technique called multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). The results revealed that the landslide dams consisted of loosely deposited debris, suggesting that the landslide dams were mechanically weak and prone to erosion by overtopping. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Gonghui; Kamai, Toshitaka] Kyoto Univ, Res Ctr Landslides, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
   [Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Lourenco, Sergio D. N.] Cardiff Univ, Univ Hong Kong, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales.
C3 Kyoto University; Chengdu University of Technology; Cardiff University
RP Wang, GH (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Res Ctr Landslides, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
EM wanggh@landslide.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
TC 81
Z9 87
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV 19
PY 2014
VL 182
SI SI
BP 148
EP 157
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.07.013
PN B
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000347133600006
ER

PT J
AU Belvederesi, G
   Tanyas, H
   Lipani, A
   Dahal, A
   Lombardo, L
AF Belvederesi, Gabriele
   Tanyas, Hakan
   Lipani, Aldo
   Dahal, Ashok
   Lombardo, Luigi
TI Distribution-agnostic landslide hazard modelling via Graph Transformers
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
DT Article
DE Landslide size extremes; Graph neural network; Transformer neural
   network; SERA loss function
ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EXTREME EVENTS; INVENTORY;
   PREDICTION; FREQUENCY; AREAS
AB In statistical applications, choosing a suitable data distribution or likelihood that matches the nature of the response variable is required. To spatially predict the planimetric area of a landslide population, the most tested likelihood corresponds to the Log-Gaussian case. This causes a limitation that hinders the ability to accurately model both very small and very large landslides, with the latter potentially leading to a dangerous underestimation of the hazard. Here, we test a distribution-agnostic solution via a Graph Transformer Neural Network (GTNN) and implement a loss function capable of forcing the model to capture both the bulk and the right tail of the landslide area distribution. An additional problem with this type of data-driven hazard assessment is that one often excludes slopes with landslide areas equal to zero from the regression procedure, as this may bias the prediction towards small values. Due to the nature of GTNNs, we present a solution where all the landslide area information is passed to the model, as one would expect for architectures built for image analysis. The results are promising, with the landslide area distribution generated by the Wenchuan earthquake being suitably estimated, including both zeros, the bulk and the extremely large cases. We consider this a step forward in the landslide hazard modelling literature, with implications for what the scientific community could achieve in light of a future space-time and/or risk assessment extension of the current protocol.
C1 [Belvederesi, Gabriele; Lipani, Aldo] UCL, Dept Civil Environm & Geomat Engn, London WC1E 6DE, England.
   [Tanyas, Hakan; Dahal, Ashok; Lombardo, Luigi] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, POB 217, NL-AE 7500 Enschede, Netherlands.
C3 University of London; University College London
RP Lombardo, L (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, POB 217, NL-AE 7500 Enschede, Netherlands.
EM l.lombardo@utwente.nl
TC 3
Z9 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 1364-8152
EI 1873-6726
PD JAN
PY 2025
VL 183
AR 106231
DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106231
EA OCT 2024
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:001338831100001
ER

PT J
AU Xiao, LL
   Guo, C
   Du, JZ
   Liu, HX
   Zhou, Y
   Yi, YJ
AF Xiao, Leling
   Guo, Chao
   Du, Jizeng
   Liu, Hongxi
   Zhou, Yang
   Yi, Yujun
TI Rill erosion in post-seismic watershed - A non-negligible transporting
   way of fluvial sediment
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE High fluvial sediment in the post-seismic watershed; Mass balance after
   the earthquake; WEPP model; Debris flow; Water erosion
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; VEGETATION RECOVERY; RUNOFF; RIVER; IMPACTS;
   CLIMATE; BALANCE
AB Mass wasting caused by large-magnitude earthquakes supplies suspended sediment. Landslides and debris flows are commonly considered major transport pathways by which mass wasting is conveyed to streams. However, a contradiction exists in that fluvial sediment remains high years after the earthquake, when landslides and debris flows rarely occur. Our study assumes that water erosion is a major process releasing fine grains and estimate sediment from landslide, debris flow and water erosion. When calculating water erosion, we simulate two states of rill and sheet erosion, respectively. By comparing observed sediments to simulated sheet and rill erosion, our results verify that alteration from sheet to rill erosion is major primary for fine sediment transportation in post- seismic watershed. Changes in the erosion state increase the sediment supply to streams, turn the sediment regime from "supply-limited" to "transport-limited", and explain the high fluvial sediment amount under well- recovered vegetation conditions in post-seismic watersheds. Water erosion is demonstrated to be as important as debris flows in exporting suspended sediments and is suggested to be included in the mass balance calculations of earthquakes.
C1 [Xiao, Leling; Liu, Hongxi] Beijing Normal Univ, Adv Inst Nat Sci, Zhuhai 519087, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Xiao, Leling; Liu, Hongxi] Beijing Normal Univ, Guangdong Higher Educ Inst, Key Lab Coastal Water Environm Management & Water, Beijing 519087, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Chao] Changjiang River Sci Res Inst Changjiang Water Res, Wuhan 430010, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Du, Jizeng; Yi, Yujun] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat & Pollut Cont, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Yang] North China Elect Power Univ, Sch Water Resources & Hydropower Engn, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal
   University; North China Electric Power University
RP Liu, HX (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Beijing 100875, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
EM liuhongxi@bnu.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 345
AR 107867
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107867
EA DEC 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001391187500001
ER

PT J
AU Hu, ZK
   Yi, BJ
   Li, H
   Zhong, C
   Gao, P
   Chen, JQ
   Yao, QX
   Guo, HJ
   Calcaterra, D
AF Hu, Zekun
   Yi, Bangjin
   Li, Hui
   Zhong, Cheng
   Gao, Peng
   Chen, Jiaoqi
   Yao, Qianxiang
   Guo, Haojia
   Calcaterra, Domenico
TI Comparative Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Semantic Segmentation
   Networks for Long-Term Landslide Map Production
SO SENSORS
DT Article
DE landslide inventory; machine learning; deep learning; transfer learning;
   U-Net3+
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; VEGETATION RECOVERY; AREAS
AB The production of long-term landslide maps (LAM) holds crucial importance in estimating landslide activity, vegetation disturbance, and regional stability. However, the availability of LAMs remains limited in many regions, despite the application of various machine-learning methods, deep-learning (DL) models, and ensemble strategies in landslide detection. While transfer learning is considered an effective approach to tackle this challenge, there has been limited exploration and comparison of the temporal transferability of state-of-the-art deep-learning models in the context of LAM production, leaving a significant gap in the research. In this study, an extensive series of tests was conducted to evaluate the temporal transferability of typical semantic segmentation models, specifically U-Net, U-Net 3+, and TransU-Net, using a 10-year landslide-inventory dataset located near the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. The experiment results disclose the feasibility and limitations of implementing transfer-learning methods for LAM production, particularly when leveraging the power of U-Net 3+. Furthermore, following an assessment of the effects of varying data volumes, patch sizes, and time intervals, this study recommends appropriate settings for LAM production, emphasizing the balance between efficiency and production performance. The findings from this study can serve as a valuable reference for devising an efficient and reliable strategy for large-scale LAM production in landslide-prone regions.
C1 [Hu, Zekun; Zhong, Cheng; Chen, Jiaoqi; Yao, Qianxiang; Guo, Haojia] China Univ Geosci, Badong Natl Observat & Res Stn Geohazards, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Zekun; Zhong, Cheng; Chen, Jiaoqi; Yao, Qianxiang; Guo, Haojia] China Univ Geosci, Three Gorges Res Ctr Geohazard, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Yi, Bangjin] Yunnan Inst Geol Sci, Kunming 650051, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Hui] China Univ Geosci, Sch Earth Sci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Gao, Peng] Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
   [Gao, Peng] Univ South Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
C3 China University of Geosciences; China University of Geosciences; China
   University of Geosciences; University of North Carolina; University of
   North Carolina Wilmington; University of South Carolina System;
   University of South Carolina Columbia
RP Zhong, C (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Badong Natl Observat & Res Stn Geohazards, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.; Zhong, C (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Three Gorges Res Ctr Geohazard, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
EM zhonglxm@cug.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 8
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1424-8220
PD NOV
PY 2023
VL 23
IS 22
AR 9041
DI 10.3390/s23229041
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
UT WOS:001119930900001
ER

PT J
AU He, W
   Di, BF
   Wu, SL
   Li, JR
   Zeng, W
   Zeng, YJ
   Li, RW
   Balikuddembe, JK
   Chen, HK
   Zhang, B
   Chen, G
   Stamatopoulos, CA
   Yazgan, U
   Kisekka, I
AF He, Wen
   Di, Baofeng
   Wu, Shaolin
   Li, Jierui
   Zeng, Wen
   Zeng, Yajie
   Li, Ruowei
   Balikuddembe, Joseph Kimuli
   Chen, Hongkai
   Zhang, Bin
   Chen, Gang
   Stamatopoulos, Constantine A.
   Yazgan, Ufuk
   Kisekka, Isaya
TI Long-term effects of post-earthquake landslides on vegetation ecosystem
   net carbon
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
DT Article
DE Net carbon uptake; Net carbon loss; Recovery pattern; Landscape
   fragmentation; Wenchuan earthquake
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LAND; SOIL; PRECIPITATION; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT;
   EROSION; STORAGE; FOREST; EXPORT
AB Landslides significantly impact carbon dynamics across global regions, yet the long-term vegetation ecosystem net carbon effect from post-earthquake landslides remains unclear. To address this gap, this study focuses on the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China. Using landslide inventories and satellite data, we applied the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (SARIMA) model and Bayesian change-point detection to examine long-term effects of post-earthquake landslides on vegetation ecosystem net carbon uptake (ENCU). For the restored areas, the multi-year total vegetation ecosystem net carbon loss (ENCL) was calculated for different landslide-prone areas. Subsequently, the Random Forest Regression Model and Structural Equation Model were used to explore the environmental drivers of ENCL. A substantial decline in ENCU was observed in the post-earthquake, with a 17.40 % reduction noted in May 2008. By 2019, only 45 out of 86 affected areas recovered to pre-earthquake ENCU levels, with 18 areas surpassing their initial levels. Recovery times for most landslides ranged from 8 to 11 years. From 2008 to 2019, the total ENCL across various landslide-affected areas primarily ranged from 5000 to 20,000 gC m- 2. Precipitation emerged as a key driver of ENCL, while landscape fragmentation hindered recovery. These findings underscore the need for sustainable post-earthquake land management to maintain carbon balance, offering new insights into how seismic events influence global carbon cycles.
C1 [He, Wen; Di, Baofeng; Li, Jierui; Zeng, Wen; Zeng, Yajie; Balikuddembe, Joseph Kimuli] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Sichuan Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Chengdu 610207, Peoples R China.
   [Di, Baofeng] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Di, Baofeng] Sichuan Univ, Ctr Archaeol Sci, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Shaolin] Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture & Environm, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ruowei] Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Grassland Resources & Environm, Key Lab Grassland Resources, Minist Educ China, Hohhot 010019, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Hongkai; Zhang, Bin] China West Normal Univ, Sichuan Prov Engn Lab Monitoring & Control Soil E, Nanchong 637009, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Gang] Sichuan Disaster Reconstruct Comm, Chengdu 610015, Peoples R China.
   [Stamatopoulos, Constantine A.] Hellen Open Univ, Stamatopoulos & Associates Co, Athens 11471, Greece.
   [Yazgan, Ufuk] Istanbul Tech Univ, Disaster Management Inst, Istanbul, Turkiye.
   [Kisekka, Isaya] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
C3 Sichuan University; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Sichuan
   University; Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Inner Mongolia
   Agricultural University; China West Normal University; Hellenic Open
   University; Istanbul Technical University; University of California
   System; University of California Davis
RP Di, BF (corresponding author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Sichuan Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Chengdu 610207, Peoples R China.
EM dibaofeng@scu.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1470-160X
EI 1872-7034
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 171
AR 113170
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113170
EA FEB 2025
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001417037500001
ER

PT J
AU Li, LF
   Robinson, LF
   Li, GK
   Hedding, DW
   Xian, F
   Xu, ZW
   Li, L
   Ouyang, SH
   Li, T
   Li, GJ
AF Li, Laifeng
   Robinson, Laura F.
   Li, Gen K.
   Hedding, David William
   Xian, Feng
   Xu, Zhewen
   Li, Le
   Ouyang, Shenghui
   Li, Tao
   Li, Gaojun
TI Multi-isotopic constraints on the impacts of landslide on weathering and
   erosion in an active mountain range
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
DT Article
ID EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CARBON
   EXPORT; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SILICATE; RATES;
   EVOLUTION; DISEQUILIBRIUM; DISSOLUTION
AB In active mountains, landslides are the primary agent of erosion that readily generates materials with high weatherability. Understanding the linkage between landslide activity, erosion, and chemical weathering is critical for assessing how tectonic uplift affects the carbon cycle and Earth's climate. However, quantifying the contribution to chemical weathering and erosion fluxes from landslides remains challenging because of the lack of effective tracers related to landslide activities. Recent studies suggest that a suite of isotopic tracers, including the U, Sr and Be isotopes, have the potential to trace solutes and materials associated with landslide activities. Here we use three isotope ratios (U-234/U-238, Be-10/Be-9, Sr-87/Sr-86) to quantify the contribution to solid and solute fluxes from landslides in the tectonic-active eastern Tibetan mountains. We focus on 22 small catchments (drainage area < 50 km(2)) draining the epicentral region of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using samples collected in 2018 and 2019. Landslide seepage water and landslide sediment samples are used to constrain the landslide-weathering end-member. Tree branch and regolith topsoil samples are used to characterize the weathering end-member of regolith. We show that the U-Be-Sr isotopes can trace the solutes and solids sourced from landslide debris and quantify that landslides contribute 33.1 +/- 16.2% (1SE) to the riverine solutes and 43.4 +/- 20.8% (1SE) to the riverbed silt-sized sediment. These proportions are lower than the landslide-derived proportions in high-order catchments immediately (1 to 4 years) after the Wenchuan earthquake, which may relate to changes in landslide-material inputs across drainage networks and/or weathering processes over time. We also found that across 87 catchments with variable basin areas (from <1 km(2) to similar to 20,000 km(2)) draining the broad eastern Tibetan mountains, the U-234/U-238 activity ratio of river water silt-sized riverbed sediment shows distinct characteristics for the catchments grouped by mean slope angles (mean slope angles shallower versus steeper than a common threshold angle of 32 degrees). These findings suggest that U isotopes are a promising tracer of landslide-sourced solutes and materials. Overall, our work provides a case study showing that a multi-isotope approach can be used to quantify the impacts of landslides on erosion and weathering, providing new insights into how tectonic activities could affect the carbon cycle.
C1 [Li, Laifeng] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Ocean Sci, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Laifeng; Xu, Zhewen; Li, Le; Ouyang, Shenghui; Li, Gaojun] Nanjing Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, MOE Key Lab Surficial Geochem, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.
   [Robinson, Laura F.] Univ Bristol, Sch Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, England.
   [Li, Gen K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Hedding, David William] Univ South Africa, Dept Sociol, ZA-1710 Florida, South Africa.
   [Xian, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, SKLLQG, Xian 710061, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Palaeobiol & Stratig, Nanjing Inst Geol & Palaeontol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Laifeng; Xu, Zhewen; Li, Le; Ouyang, Shenghui; Li, Gaojun] Nanjing Univ, Frontiers Sci Ctr Crit Earth Mat Cycling, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing University; Nanjing University; University of Bristol;
   University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara;
   University of South Africa; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Earth Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing University
RP Li, GJ (corresponding author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, MOE Key Lab Surficial Geochem, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.; Li, GJ (corresponding author), Nanjing Univ, Frontiers Sci Ctr Crit Earth Mat Cycling, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.
EM ligaojun@nju.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 10
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
EI 1385-013X
PD JAN 15
PY 2024
VL 626
AR 118527
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118527
EA DEC 2023
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:001138830400001
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, GGD
   Cui, R
   Tang, JB
   Chen, HY
   Zou, Q
   Sun, QC
AF Zhou, Gordon G. D.
   Cui, R.
   Tang, J. B.
   Chen, H. Y.
   Zou, Q.
   Sun, Q. C.
TI Experimental study on the triggering mechanisms and kinematic properties
   of large debris flows in Wenjia Gully
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Erosion; Landslide dam; Wenjia Gully
ID LANDSLIDE DAM; HYDRAULICS; EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE; SICHUAN; ALPS
AB Debris flows are typically caused by natural terrain landslides triggered by intense rainfalls. If an incoming mountain torrent flows along sloping channels at high velocity, huge amounts of sediment (from landslide dams and eroded channel beds) will be entrained into the flows to form debris flows. It is likely that large debris flows are due to the failure of many landslide dams of different scales (due to bank slides or collapses), bed erosion, and solid transport. The catastrophic debris flows that occurred in Wenjia Gully (Wenchuan Earthquake Area), China on August 13, 2010 (two years after the mega earthquake), were caused by intense rainfall and the serious erosion of sloping channels. In the wake of the incident, experimental tests were conducted to better understand the process of sediment erosion and entrainment on the channel bed and the formation of debris flows. The results show that the bed erosion, bank collapses and channel widening caused by erosion accounted for the triggering and scale amplification of downstream debris flows in the Wenjia Gully event. This study illustrates how the hazardous process of natural debris flows can begin several kilometers upstream, and how such a complex cascade of geomorphic events (failure of landslide dams and erosion of the sloping bed) can lead to catastrophic discharges. Neglecting recognition of these hazardous geomorphic and hydrodynamic processes may result in high cost. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhou, Gordon G. D.; Cui, R.; Tang, J. B.; Chen, H. Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Gordon G. D.; Cui, R.; Tang, J. B.; Chen, H. Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Gordon G. D.; Cui, R.; Tang, J. B.; Chen, H. Y.] Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zou, Q.] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Environm & Resource, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Sun, Q. C.] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Southwest University of Science &
   Technology - China; Tsinghua University
RP Zhou, GGD (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM gordon@imde.ac.cn; pengcui@imde.ac.cn; jinbotang@imde.ac.cn;
   hychen@imde.ac.cn; zouqiang@swust.edu.cn; qcsun@tsinghua.edu.cn
TC 54
Z9 62
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG 26
PY 2015
VL 194
SI SI
BP 52
EP 61
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.10.021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000360416400006
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, WJ
   Zhang, W
   Chen, Y
   Ji, J
   Gao, YF
AF Zhang, Weijie
   Zhang, Wei
   Chen, Yu
   Ji, Jian
   Gao, Yufeng
TI Uncertainty evaluation of the run-out distance of flow-like landslides
   considering the anisotropic scale of fluctuation in the random field of
   internal friction angle
SO ACTA GEOTECHNICA
DT Article
DE Internal friction angle; Landslide; Run-out distance; Scale of
   fluctuation; Stochastic analysis
ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; ROBUST GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN; SLOPE
   RELIABILITY-ANALYSIS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SPREAD FOUNDATIONS;
   LARGE-DEFORMATION; DEBRIS-FLOW; SOIL SLOPE; MODEL; SPH
AB Naturally, sedimented strata bring about complicated distributions for geomaterial properties with different random field parameters in different directions, e.g., the anisotropic scale of fluctuation (SOF). This study aims to reveal the variation law of landslide run-out distance under the random field of internal friction angle with anisotropic SOF by using a stochastic smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The Monte Carlo simulation technique, which requires the discretization of random samples and deterministic analysis of landslide flow processes, was chosen in the stochastic SPH method as the modeling method for parameter randomness. Then, the autocorrelation matrix decomposition algorithm was introduced to generate random fields with anisotropic SOF. The SPH method with the combination of the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and non-Newtonian fluid model was used to conduct the deterministic flow-process simulation of landslides. The deterministic SPH method is validated through the simulation of the Chengxi landslide in the Wenchuan earthquake and a simple stratigraphic model was simulated to study the influence of the anisotropic SOF on the random field of the internal friction angle. Thereafter, an illustrative landslide model was designed according to the cross-section profile of the Chengxi landslide, and the uncertainty characteristics of landslide run-out distances under different SOFs were evaluated by the stochastic SPH method. In conclusion, the influence of the vertical SOF on the landslide run-out distance is more obvious than that of the horizontal SOF, and the increase in the vertical SOF makes the fluctuation range of the landslide run-out distance larger. In addition, the distribution characteristics of landslide run-out distance under random fields of the internal friction angle with anisotropic SOF are more consistent with the lognormal distribution.
C1 [Zhang, Weijie; Ji, Jian; Gao, Yufeng] Hohai Univ, Key Lab, Minist Educ Geomech & Embankment Engn, Xikang Rd 1, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Wei] Hohai Univ, Coll Civil & Transportat Engn, Xikang Rd 1, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Yu] Jiangsu Design Century Architecture Co Ltd, 11th Taihu Rd, Changzhou 213022, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Hohai University; Hohai University
RP Gao, YF (corresponding author), Hohai Univ, Key Lab, Minist Educ Geomech & Embankment Engn, Xikang Rd 1, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
EM yfgao66@163.com
TC 17
Z9 17
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1861-1125
EI 1861-1133
PD NOV
PY 2023
VL 18
IS 11
BP 5839
EP 5857
DI 10.1007/s11440-023-02041-w
SC Engineering
UT WOS:001126390900001
ER

PT J
AU Li, Y
   Chen, G
   Tang, C
   Zhou, G
   Zheng, L
AF Li, Y.
   Chen, G.
   Tang, C.
   Zhou, G.
   Zheng, L.
TI Rainfall and earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility assessment
   using GIS and Artificial Neural Network
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; HAZARD
   ASSESSMENT; THRESHOLDS; ZONATION; MODELS; CHINA; SCALE; BASIN
AB A GIS-based method for the assessment of landslide susceptibility in a selected area of Qingchuan County in China is proposed by using the back-propagation Artificial Neural Network model (ANN). Landslide inventory was derived from field investigation and aerial photo interpretation. 473 landslides occurred before the Wenchuan earthquake (which were thought as rainfall-induced landslides (RIL) in this study), and 885 earthquake-induced landslides (EIL) were recorded into the landslide inventory map. To understand the different impacts of rainfall and earthquake on landslide occurrence, we first compared the variations between landslide spatial distribution and conditioning factors. Then, we compared the weight variation of each conditioning factor derived by adjusting ANN structure and factors combination respectively. Last, the weight of each factor derived from the best prediction model was applied to the entire study area to produce landslide susceptibility maps.
   Results show that slope gradient has the highest weight for landslide susceptibility mapping for both RIL and EIL. The RIL model built with four different factors (slope gradient, elevation, slope height and distance to the stream) shows the best success rate of 93 %; the EIL model built with five different factors (slope gradient, elevation, slope height, distance to the stream and distance to the fault) has the best success rate of 98 %. Furthermore, the EIL data was used to verify the RIL model and the success rate is 92 %; the RIL data was used to verify the EIL model and the success rate is 53 %.
C1 [Li, Y.; Chen, G.; Zheng, L.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
   [Tang, C.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, G.] Nishi Nippon Inst Technol, Fukuoka, Japan.
C3 Kyushu University; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Li, Y (corresponding author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
EM liyange1984@gmail.com
TC 52
Z9 57
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 8
BP 2719
EP 2729
DI 10.5194/nhess-12-2719-2012
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000309616500024
ER

PT J
AU Song, YX
   Huang, D
   Cen, DF
AF Song, Yixiang
   Huang, Da
   Cen, Duofeng
TI Numerical modelling of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-triggered Daguangbao
   landslide using a velocity and displacement dependent friction law
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Earthquake-triggered landslide; Dynamic friction degradation;
   Velocity-displacement dependent friction law; Discontinuous deformation
   analysis; Daguangbao landslide
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; TSAOLING LANDSLIDE; GRANULAR FLOW; TAIWAN;
   INITIATION; MOVEMENT; MOTION; STABILITY; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR
AB Dynamic friction degradation of the sliding surface in large earthquake-triggered landslides is widely assumed, especially for high-speed and long run-out landslides. But there are few numerical simulation methods that consider the friction degradation of the sliding surface during landslide movement. In this paper, based on the results of the high-velocity rotary-shear experiments (Tsao, 2014) on the dolomite and fault gouge on the sliding surface of the Daguangbao landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a corresponding velocity-displacement dependent friction law was assumed. The law quantitatively describes the slip-weakening effect on frictional resistance on the sliding surface, and was incorporated into a discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) to assist in further understanding the movement behaviors of the landslide. Relative to the original DDA, the simulated results from this enriched DDA suggest that the Daguangbao landslide exhibited a longer run-out and faster travel speed during the earthquake. Moreover, the simulated run-out and deposit pattern from the enriched DDA are in good agreement with the results of actual surveys. In addition, the modeled kinetic process of the Daguangbao landslide considering dynamic friction degradation of the sliding surface, is classified into four stages: further deepening of the pre-existing tensile crown cracks, shear failure along the sliding surfaces, rapid friction degradation of sliding surfaces and high-speed sliding, with some reduction in velocity along the opposite slope surface. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Song, Yixiang; Huang, Da; Cen, Duofeng] Chongqing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Yixiang; Huang, Da; Cen, Duofeng] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Da] Chongqing Univ, State Key Lab Coal Mine Disaster Dynam & Control, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University; Chongqing University; Chongqing University
RP Huang, D (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
EM hdcqy@126.com
TC 88
Z9 95
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD DEC 19
PY 2016
VL 215
BP 50
EP 68
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.11.003
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000390516500005
ER

PT J
AU Gao, L
   Zhang, LM
   Cheung, RWM
AF Gao, L.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Cheung, R. W. M.
TI Relationships between natural terrain landslide magnitudes and
   triggering rainfall based on a large landslide inventory in Hong Kong
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Debris flow; Rainfall threshold; Hazard; Magnitude-frequency
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE ZONE; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DEBRIS FLOWS; DURATION
   CONTROL; THRESHOLDS; INTENSITY; PROBABILITY; EVOLUTION; FREQUENCY; CHINA
AB Rain-induced landslides are recognized as one of the most catastrophic hazards on hilly terrains. To develop strategies for landslide risk assessment and management, it is necessary to estimate not only the rainfall threshold for the initiation of landslides, but also the likely magnitudes of landslides triggered by a storm of a given intensity. In this study, the frequency distributions of both open hillside landslides and channelized debris flows in Hong Kong are established on the basis of the Enhanced Natural Terrain Landslide Inventory (ENTLI) with 19,763 records in Hong Kong up to 2013. The landslide magnitudes are measured in terms of the number, scar area, volume, or density of landslides. The mean values of the scar areas and volumes are 55.2 m(2) and 102.0 m(3), respectively, for the open hillside landslides and 91.3 m(2) and 166.5 m(3), respectively, for the channelized debris flows. Empirical correlations between the numbers, scar areas, and volumes of hillside landslides or channelized debris flows and the maximum rolling rainfall intensities of different periods have been derived. The maximum rolling 4- to 24-h rainfall amounts provide better predictions compared with those with the maximum rolling 1-h rainfall. Maximum rolling rainfall intensity-duration thresholds identifying the likely rainfall conditions that yield natural terrain landslides or debris flows of different magnitudes are also proposed. The initiation rainfall thresholds are identified as 75, 90, 100, 120, 150, 180, and 200 mm for the maximum rolling 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 12-, and 24-h rainfall, respectively.
C1 [Gao, L.; Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Cheung, R. W. M.] Govt Hong Kong Special Adm Reg, Dev Bur, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cegaoliang@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk; raymondcheung@devb.gov.hk
TC 52
Z9 56
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 4
BP 727
EP 740
DI 10.1007/s10346-017-0904-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000427972300008
ER

PT J
AU Huang, D
   Li, YQ
   Song, YX
   Xu, Q
   Pei, XJ
AF Huang, Da
   Li, Yan Qi
   Song, Yi Xiang
   Xu, Qiang
   Pei, Xiang Jun
TI Insights into the catastrophic Xinmo rock avalanche in Maoxian county,
   China: Combined effects of historical earthquakes and landslide
   amplification
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Rock avalanche; Historical earthquakes; Impact and entrainment;
   Landslide amplification; Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA)
ID DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TSAOLING
   LANDSLIDE; SHEAR-STRENGTH; NIIGATA PREFECTURE; FAILURE MECHANISMS;
   STABILITY ANALYSIS; INTEGRATED MODEL; GROUND MOTION; LARGE SLOPE
AB A large and catastrophic rock avalanche occurred at the Xinmo village in the Maoxian county of the Sichuan province of China on June 24, 2017. The avalanche destroyed 64 houses and killed 10 people, and 73 people were reported to be missing. In this study, we focused on the contributions of six historical earthquakes to the collapse of rocks in the source area and the landslide amplification caused by the entrainment of pre-existing deposits on the landslide path. The historical earthquakes in this area contributed different levels of damage on the source rocks; particularly, the 1933 Diexi earthquake induced a few initial cracks in rocks at the crest of the steep hillslope. Under the combined time-effects of long-term weathering and gravity, the rock blocks in the source area were detached from the crest along the intersecting cracks and over-dip soft layer (namely, the sliding surface). The avalanche was amplified by the entrainment of colluvium on its path. The influence of the colluvium on the movement process of the Xinmo landslide was modelled by the GPU-based parallel discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method, and the effect of the impact and entrainment in the debris flow was rigorously analysed. The results indicate that the impact and entrainment can continuously increase the volume of debris flow, and the thickness of the colluvium was established to be in the range of 25.9-33.9 m based on the analysis of the deposit pattern and movement duration of the avalanche. There were numerous unstable rocks induced by historical earthquakes, at the crests of steep hill slopes in the earthquake-stricken area. With long-term damage caused by environmental factors and gravity, the failure of unstable rocks with high potential energy is likely to cause severe disasters. The excess pore water pressure likely to be present in the colluvium or deposits during impact and entrainment can considerably reduce the effective stress and degrade friction resistance along the runout path. As a result, the landslide can be intensively amplified owing to the effect of impact and entrainment under a lower friction resistance
C1 [Huang, Da; Li, Yan Qi; Song, Yi Xiang] Hebei Univ Technol, Sch Civil & Transportat Engn, Tianjin 300401, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang; Pei, Xiang Jun] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Hebei University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Huang, D (corresponding author), Hebei Univ Technol, Sch Civil & Transportat Engn, Tianjin 300401, Peoples R China.
EM hdcqy@126.com
TC 66
Z9 75
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG 14
PY 2019
VL 258
AR 105158
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105158
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000483909000007
ER

PT J
AU Li, CJ
   Hu, YX
   Fan, G
   Zhu, QY
   Liu, DR
   Zhou, JW
AF Li, Cong-Jiang
   Hu, Yu-Xiang
   Fan, Gang
   Zhu, Qing-Yang
   Liu, Da-Rui
   Zhou, Jia-Wen
TI Exploring debris flow deposit morphology in river valleys: Insights from
   physical modeling experiments
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; River valley; Laboratory experiments; Deposit morphology
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RUNOUT DISTANCES; MECHANISMS; LANDSLIDE;
   PREDICTION; FAILURE; CHANNEL
AB A comprehensive understanding of the deposit morphodynamics of debris flows in river valleys is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation in mountainous areas. However, debris flows in river valleys are complex and variable, and the influence of the composition and terrain on deposit mechanisms and morphology remains unclear. In this study, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of the water content, slope, and grain size distribution on the deposit morphology of debris flows in river valleys. In the experiments, debris flows form narrow and elongated shuttle-shaped deposits upon entering river valleys. Increased water content and slope enhance the mobility of debris flows, resulting in wider deposit widths, gentler deposit slopes, and larger deposit areas. An increase in the gravel fraction partially facilitates the movement and deposition of debris flows. However, a large number of coarse particles may increase internal friction within the debris flow, hindering the spread of deposits and resulting in a relatively concentrated deposit with a steeper morphology. Furthermore, the debris flow regime shifts from friction to collision as the water content, slope, and gravel fraction increase. Debris flows dominated by collision forces exhibit higher mobility and a wider impact area, potentially leading to more severe disaster consequences. Compared with unconfined debris flows, the deposit area of debris flows in the river valley is smaller, and the deposit width to height ratio is larger. There is a power function relationship between deposition area and Savage number in river valleys. Additionally, particle sorting and flow regime transformation during the movement and deposition of debris flows can significantly impact the morphology and internal structure of the deposits in river valleys and then affect the development of debris flow dam breaching. In summary, this study utilized experiments to simulate natural debris flows, offering fresh insights into the depositional behavior of debris flows in river valleys.
C1 [Li, Cong-Jiang; Hu, Yu-Xiang; Fan, Gang; Zhu, Qing-Yang; Zhou, Jia-Wen] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Da-Rui] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Sichuan University
RP Zhou, JW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM jwzhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 14
Z9 14
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD APR
PY 2024
VL 332
AR 107465
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107465
EA MAR 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001208148500001
ER

PT J
AU Lyu, HM
   Shen, JS
   Arulrajah, A
AF Lyu, Hai-Min
   Shen, Jack Shuilong
   Arulrajah, Arul
TI Assessment of Geohazards and Preventative Countermeasures Using AHP
   Incorporated with GIS in Lanzhou, China
SO SUSTAINABILITY
DT Article
DE geohazards; risk assessment; AHP and GIS; prevention countermeasures;
   Lanzhou City
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE-LANDSLIDE; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; BAILONGJIANG BASIN;
   ZHOUQU SEGMENT; DEBRIS FLOWS; FLOOD RISK; MODEL; PREVENTION; STRENGTH;
   BEHAVIOR
AB This research investigates geohazards and preventative countermeasures for Lanzhou City, China. To investigate the factors related to the development of geohazards in Lanzhou, the regional geological conditions around Lanzhou were investigated. The geomorphology of the region is comprised of a loess landform underlying quaternary loess deposits. A large number of faults induced by strong neotectonic movements are present in the area. Therefore, earthquakes frequently occur around Lanzhou. Earthquakes cause numerous rock falls and landslides, with landslide masses found scattered on the upper middle level of the area's mountains. When intense rainfall occurs, a lot of loose deposits are brought together along steep gullies, forming debris flows; hence, a disaster chain of earthquake landslide debris flow is formed. To evaluate the georisks around Lanzhou, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to assess geohazards. The spatial distribution of the evaluated georisk levels was mapped using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Based on the assessed results, about 55% of the urban area and 44% of Gaolan County have high or very high-risk levels. The ratio of relatively high disaster risk levels is up to 31% of the total area. To mitigate these geohazards, both strategic decision making and technical countermeasures should be implemented.
C1 [Lyu, Hai-Min; Shen, Jack Shuilong] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
   [Lyu, Hai-Min; Shen, Jack Shuilong] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Ship & Deep Sea Explor, Dept Civil Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
   [Arulrajah, Arul] Swinburne Univ Technol, Dept Civil & Construct Engn, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia.
C3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Collaborative Innovation Center for
   Advanced Ship & Deep Sea Exploration; Shanghai Jiao Tong University;
   Swinburne University of Technology
RP Shen, JS (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.; Shen, JS (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Ship & Deep Sea Explor, Dept Civil Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
EM lvhaimin@sjtu.edu.cn; slshen@sjtu.edu.cn; aarulrajah@swin.edu.au
TC 132
Z9 148
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2071-1050
PD FEB
PY 2018
VL 10
IS 2
AR 304
DI 10.3390/su10020304
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000425943100027
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, WT
   Zou, Q
   Chen, SY
   Jiang, H
   Zhou, B
   Yao, HK
   Yang, T
AF Zhou, Wentao
   Zou, Qiang
   Chen, Siyu
   Jiang, Hu
   Zhou, Bin
   Yao, Hongkun
   Yang, Tao
TI Extreme climate and human activities contribute to low-frequency,
   large-scale catastrophic debris flow: a case study in the Heishui Gully
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Debris flow; low-frequency and large-scale; formation mechanisms;
   extreme climates; human activities
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL THRESHOLD; IMPACT; AREA; HAZARDS; BASIN;
   POSTEARTHQUAKE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VULNERABILITY; VARIABILITY
AB Rainfall is an excitation factor for rainfall-type debris flows, and high-frequency rainfall commonly does not directly trigger large-scale catastrophic debris flows. A low-frequency, large-scale catastrophic debris flow occurred in Heishui Gully (HSG), Pingwu County, Sichuan Province, southwestern China on 12 July 2022. In this study, the HSG debris flow was used as a case study to reveal the formation mechanisms of low-frequency and large-scale catastrophic debris flow triggered by high-frequency gentle rainfall by calculating and analysing a total of five indicators, including the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), the Freeze-Thaw Index (FTI), the empirical relationship between earthquakes and landslides, the hypsometric integral (HI) and human activities. The study results indicate that high-frequency gentle rainfall is a direct factor in the debris flow outbreak in HSG. Long-duration extreme drought conditions and extreme freeze-thaw erosion provided sufficient soil conditions for debris flow formation. Frequent earthquakes and mature erosional geomorphologic evolution have indirectly contributed to the debris flow formation. Simultaneously, human activities downstream of HSG amplified the risk of debris flow disaster. The results reveal the contribution of extreme climates and human activities to low-frequency, large-scale catastrophic debris flows initiated by high-frequency gentle rainfall, which is significant for accurately assessing and predicting debris flow occurrence.
C1 [Zhou, Wentao; Zou, Qiang; Chen, Siyu; Jiang, Hu; Zhou, Bin; Yao, Hongkun; Yang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm IMHE, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Wentao; Jiang, Hu; Zhou, Bin; Yao, Hongkun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Siyu] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resource, Mianyang, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Southwest University of Science & Technology -
   China
RP Zou, Q (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm IMHE, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM zouqiang@imde.ac.cn
TC 14
Z9 15
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD DEC 31
PY 2024
VL 15
IS 1
AR 2316719
DI 10.1080/19475705.2024.2316719
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:001174337900001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, Y
   Song, C
   Li, ZH
   Yu, C
   Liu, ZJ
   Zhang, XS
   Chen, B
   Hu, XN
AF Chen, Yi
   Song, Chuang
   Li, Zhenhong
   Yu, Chen
   Liu, Zhenjiang
   Zhang, Xuesong
   Chen, Bo
   Hu, Xiaoning
TI Characterizing the evolution of the Daguangbao landslide nearly 15 years
   after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake by InSAR observations
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Daguangbao landslide; InSAR; Post-seismic kinematics; Stabilization
   time; Landslide thickness; Risk assessment
ID DEBRIS FLOWS; TIME-SERIES; DEFORMATION; RAINFALL; FAULT; GPS; RUPTURE;
   CHINA; AREA
AB The Daguangbao landslide (DGBL), the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, has received much attention, but its long-term post-earthquake evolution and driving force of activity are still poorly understood. As the evolutionary behavior of the DGBL is complicated by the influence of mainshock, aftershocks and rainfall, it is of great significance to study the dynamics of the landslide. In this study, a systematic and comprehensive framework for assessing the long-term stability and risk of co-seismic landslides was proposed. Based on ALOS-1 and Sentinel-1 data, time-series InSAR technology was used to reveal the nearly 15-year postseismic evolution characteristics of the DGBL at different stages, followed by the prediction of the stabilization time, the estimation of the landslide thickness and risk assessment. The first stage was identified as three years after the earthquake (2008-2011). During this stage, ALOS-1 results show that the deformation of DGBL was intense (300 mm/year) with uneven spatial distribution, and an aftershock (Ms 5.3), along with increased rainfall, triggered its acceleration in 2009. The second stage was the period from 2014 to 2022. For this stage, we used the mass conservation approach to invert the thickness of the DGBL, revealing that a new sliding surface and thickness center had formed following the co-seismic failure in 2008. Sentinel-1 time series results indicated that the DGBL remains active even 15 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, but the deformation of DGBL has significantly slowed down (50 mm/year). The stabilization time for different segments of DGBL was predicted to range from 2027 to 2040 according to an exponential model. Beyond the overall trend of recovery, seasonal movements (including localized acceleration in 2021) closely related to rainfall remained evident, but the impact of aftershocks on the DGBL was severely weakened over time. UAV and field survey results suggested that the risk of localized debris flows at DGBL still exists. Our study improves our understanding of the long-term evolutionary pattern of DGBL and provides an important reference for post-earthquake landslide risk assessment and disaster prevention.
C1 [Chen, Yi; Song, Chuang; Li, Zhenhong; Yu, Chen; Liu, Zhenjiang; Zhang, Xuesong; Chen, Bo; Hu, Xiaoning] Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Geomatics, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Yi; Liu, Zhenjiang; Zhang, Xuesong; Chen, Bo; Hu, Xiaoning] Changan Univ, Big Data Ctr Geosci & Satellites, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Yi; Song, Chuang; Li, Zhenhong; Yu, Chen; Liu, Zhenjiang; Zhang, Xuesong; Chen, Bo; Hu, Xiaoning] Key Lab Loess, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Chuang; Li, Zhenhong; Yu, Chen] Minist Educ, Key Lab Western Chinas Mineral Resources & Geol En, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
C3 Chang'an University; Chang'an University
RP Song, C; Li, ZH (corresponding author), Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Geomatics, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
EM chuang.song@chd.edu.cn; zhenhong.li@chd.edu.cn
TC 10
Z9 10
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV
PY 2024
VL 342
AR 107748
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107748
EA OCT 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001332264900001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, F
   Yu, B
   Xu, C
   Li, B
AF Chen, Fang
   Yu, Bo
   Xu, Chong
   Li, Bin
TI Landslide detection using probability regression, a case study of
   Wenchuan, northwest of Chengdu
SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY
DT Article
DE Landslide detection; Probability regression; Random forest; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID RANDOM FORESTS; CLASSIFICATION; IMAGERY
AB Landslides have become one of the dominant disasters all around the world. Reliable and efficient landslide mapping is playing a significant role in landslide studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is little research on detecting multiple landslides simultaneously from images to stimulate practical cases. In this work, we propose a regression model to detect landslides and investigate its applicability in practical cases. It synthesizes contextual, spectral and geometric features. Among the test images, F-measure of landslide detection has a range between 0.771 and 0.998, validating its robustness and high efficiency.
C1 [Chen, Fang; Yu, Bo; Li, Bin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Fang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Hainan Key Lab Earth Observat, Sanya 572029, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Fang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing
   & Digital Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; China Earthquake Administration; Institute of
   Geology, CEA
RP Yu, B (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
EM yubo@radi.ac.cn
TC 11
Z9 14
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0143-6228
EI 1873-7730
PD DEC
PY 2017
VL 89
BP 32
EP 40
DI 10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.10.001
SC Geography
UT WOS:000418978600004
ER

PT J
AU Yang, CW
   Zhang, JJ
   Liu, FC
   Bi, JW
   Jun, Z
AF Yang, Changwei
   Zhang, Jianjing
   Liu, Feicheng
   Bi, Junwei
   Jun, Zhang
TI Analysis on Two Typical Landslide Hazard Phenomena in The Wenchuan
   Earthquake by Field Investigations and Shaking Table Tests
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
DT Article
DE landslide hazards; slope type; slope angle; shaking table test; field
   investigations
ID MECHANISM
AB Based on our field investigations of landslide hazards in the Wenchuan earthquake, some findings can be reported: (1) the multi-aspect terrain facing empty isolated mountains and thin ridges reacted intensely to the earthquake and was seriously damaged; (2) the slope angles of most landslides was larger than 45 degrees. Considering the above disaster phenomena, the reasons are analyzed based on shaking table tests of one-sided, two-sided and four-sided slopes. The analysis results show that: (1) the amplifications of the peak accelerations of four-sided slopes is stronger than that of the two-sided slopes, while that of the one-sided slope is the weakest, which can indirectly explain the phenomena that the damage is most serious; (2) the amplifications of the peak accelerations gradually increase as the slope angles increase, and there are two inflection points which are the point where the slope angle is 45 degrees and where the slope angle is 50 degrees, respectively, which can explain the seismic phenomenon whereby landslide hazards mainly occur on the slopes whose slope angle is bigger than 45 degrees. The amplification along the slope strike direction is basically consistent, and the step is smooth.
C1 [Yang, Changwei; Zhang, Jianjing; Liu, Feicheng; Bi, Junwei] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Key Transportat Tnuuel Engn, Minist Educ, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Changwei] Guangxi Univ, Guangxi Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Struct Safety, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China.
   [Jun, Zhang] Shanxi Transportat Res Inst, Taiyuan 030006, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Guangxi University
RP Zhang, JJ (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Key Transportat Tnuuel Engn, Minist Educ, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM yangchangwei56@163.com; zhangjianjing963@163.com; liufeicheng1@163.com;
   bijunwei1990@163.com; zj_sxjt@hotmail.com
TC 11
Z9 16
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1660-4601
PD AUG
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 8
BP 9181
EP 9198
DI 10.3390/ijerph120809181
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
UT WOS:000360587800037
ER

PT J
AU Wang, JM
   Zhang, YB
   Yu, PC
   Shu, B
   Wang, QD
   Xu, Y
   Lang, L
   Peng, XY
AF Wang, Jinmei
   Zhang, Yingbin
   Yu, Pengcheng
   Shu, Bo
   Wang, Qingdong
   Xu, Yong
   Lang, Lin
   Peng, Xinyan
TI Dynamic Process Study of Earthquake-Induced Landslides Applying an
   Improved Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Method Considering Site
   Response
SO ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Dynamic mechanism; Earthquake-induced landslide; Discontinuous
   deformation analysis method
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; TSAOLING LANDSLIDE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DDA;
   VELOCITY; DISPLACEMENT; MOTION; BLOCK; DEGRADATION; MECHANICS
AB Earthquake-induced landslides are complex dynamic processes, a better understanding of which can be achieved by studying the entire dynamic process, including the propagation of seismic waves, cracking, instability, movement, and deposition. This paper explores the entire dynamic process in combination with the propagation of seismic waves and crack developing process of the slope under earthquake actions, while taking into account the strength attenuation, the major factor that causes the high-speed and long-runout movement. In this study, a simulation analysis tool called discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) was used and improved by incorporating a seismic input method based on a viscous boundary and the free-field theory, virtual and real joints, and a shear strength attenuation criterion, to conduct a unified simulation analysis of the whole dynamic process of earthquake-induced landslide, and to analyze the influence of the dynamic response law on the instability and motion of landslide. Based on these improvements, the Donghekou landslide caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 was simulated. The dynamic characteristics of the slope showed an obvious amplification effect. At places with strong dynamic responses, cracks initiated rapidly. The progressive crack developing process of the landslide was represented. Owing to the low-friction effect, the speed increased sharply after the landslide began, promoting its high speed and long runout. From the crack propagation in the slope and the formation process of the sliding surface, it is evident that the Donghekou landslide was a typical tension-cracking and shearing sliding landslide.
C1 [Wang, Jinmei; Shu, Bo; Xu, Yong; Lang, Lin] Xihua Univ, Sch Architecture & Civil Engn, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Jinmei] China Railway Eryuan Engn Grp Co Ltd, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yingbin; Yu, Pengcheng; Wang, Qingdong] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, Xinyan] Sichuan Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, MOE Key Lab Deep Earth Sci & Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Xihua University; Southwest Jiaotong University; Sichuan University
RP Wang, JM (corresponding author), Xihua Univ, Sch Architecture & Civil Engn, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.; Wang, JM (corresponding author), China Railway Eryuan Engn Grp Co Ltd, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM wangjinmei_xyz@163.com
TC 9
Z9 10
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI Vienna
PA Prinz-Eugen-Strasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, AUSTRIA
SN 0723-2632
EI 1434-453X
PD JUL
PY 2023
VL 56
IS 7
BP 5427
EP 5446
DI 10.1007/s00603-023-03335-x
EA APR 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000972654900001
ER

PT J
AU van Asch, TWJ
   Tang, C
   Alkema, D
   Zhu, J
   Zhou, W
AF van Asch, Th W. J.
   Tang, C.
   Alkema, D.
   Zhu, J.
   Zhou, W.
TI An integrated model to assess critical rainfall thresholds for run-out
   distances of debris flows
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Integrated model; Triggering mechanism; Run out distance;
   Rainfall threshold; Intensity duration curves
ID 13 AUGUST 2010; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; INITIATION; ENTRAINMENT;
   MOBILIZATION; EARTHQUAKE; DURATION
AB A dramatic increase in debris flows occurred in the years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in SW China due to the deposition of loose co-seismic landslide material. This paper proposes a preliminary integrated model, which describes the relationship between rain input and debris flow run-out in order to establish critical rain thresholds for mobilizing enough debris volume to reach the basin outlet. The model integrates in a simple way rainfall, surface runoff, and concentrated erosion of the loose material deposited in channels, propagation, and deposition of flow material. The model could be calibrated on total volumes of debris flow materials deposited at the outlet of the Shuida catchment during two successive rain events which occurred in August 2011. The calibrated model was used to construct critical rainfall intensity-duration graphs defining thresholds for a run-out distance until the outlet of the catchment. Model simulations show that threshold values increase after successive rain events due to a decrease in erodible material. The constructed rainfall intensity-duration threshold graphs for the Shuida catchment based on the current situation appeared to have basically the same exponential value as a threshold graph for debris flow occurrences, constructed for the Wenjia catchment on the basis of 5 observed triggering rain events. This may indicate that the triggering mechanism by intensive run-off erosion in channels in this catchment is the same. The model did not account for a supply of extra loose material by landslips transforming into debris flow or reaching the channels for transportation by run-off. In August 2012, two severe rain events were measured in the Shuida catchment, which did not produce debris flows. This could be confirmed by the threshold diagram constructed by the model.
C1 [van Asch, Th W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands.
   [van Asch, Th W. J.; Tang, C.; Alkema, D.; Zhu, J.; Zhou, W.] Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Environm Prote, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Utrecht University; Chengdu University of Technology
RP van Asch, TWJ (corresponding author), Nachtegaalstr 6, NL-4116 BP Buren, Netherlands.
EM t.vanasch@geo.uu.nl
TC 53
Z9 57
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JAN
PY 2014
VL 70
IS 1
BP 299
EP 311
DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0810-z
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000331391800015
ER

PT J
AU Chen, YL
   Qiu, ZF
   Li, B
   Yang, ZJ
AF Chen, Yulong
   Qiu, Zhenfeng
   Li, Bo
   Yang, Zongji
TI Numerical Simulation on the Dynamic Characteristics of a Tremendous
   Debris Flow in Sichuan, China
SO PROCESSES
DT Article
DE debris flow; dynamic characteristics; numerical analysis;
   debris-resisting barriers
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE
AB The mega debris flow that occurred on 13 August 2010 in Zoumaling Valley in Mianzhu County, China has done great damage to the local inhabitants, as well as to the re-construction projects in the quake-hit areas. Moreover, it is of high possibility that a secondary disaster would reappear and result in worse consequences. In order to maximize risk reduction of this problem, the local government planned to construct seven debris-resisting barriers across each ditch for mitigation of debris flow hazards in the future. In this paper, the numerical simulation fields of flow velocity, pressure, and mud depth of the Zoumaling debris flow had been computed by using finite volume method software based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The Bingham fluid was chosen as the constitutive model of this debris flow. The debris flow geometry model was a 3D model. The initial conditions, boundary conditions, control equations, and parameters were determined and adjusted by the actual conditions and analyses. The flow field data obtained from numerical simulations were substituted into the finite element software ANSYS. Then the calculations of fluid-solid coupling action between the flow and dam had been done. All these results of simulations and analyses could be the guide and suggestion for the design and construction of prevention engineering of Zoumaling debris flow.
C1 [Chen, Yulong] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Qiu, Zhenfeng] Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Hydraul & Waterway Engn, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Bo] Guizhou Univ, Minist Land & Resources, Key Lab Karst Environm & Geohazard, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zongji] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University; Chongqing Jiaotong University; Guizhou University;
   Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Chen, YL (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.; Qiu, ZF (corresponding author), Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Hydraul & Waterway Engn, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.; Li, B (corresponding author), Guizhou Univ, Minist Land & Resources, Key Lab Karst Environm & Geohazard, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, Peoples R China.; Yang, ZJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM chen_yl@tsinghua.edu.cn; qiuzhenfeng3012@163.com; libo1512@163.com;
   yzj@imde.ac.cn
TC 7
Z9 7
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2227-9717
PD AUG
PY 2018
VL 6
IS 8
AR 109
DI 10.3390/pr6080109
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000443615900013
ER

PT J
AU Lu, Y
   Xu, D
   Wang, Q
   Xu, JP
AF Lu, Yi
   Xu, Dun
   Wang, Qian
   Xu, Jiuping
TI Multi-stakeholder collaboration in community post-disaster
   reconstruction: case study from the Longmen Shan Fault area in China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS
DT Article
DE Multi-stakeholder collaboration; community post-disaster reconstruction;
   multi-cycle field research; Longmen Shan Fault area; China
ID EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; DISASTER MANAGEMENT; FIELD-RESEARCH; RECOVERY;
   LESSONS; EARTHQUAKE; INTERNET; THINKING
AB While multi-stakeholder collaboration is critical for effective community post-disaster reconstruction (CPDR), it is often very difficult in practice. The Longmen Shan Fault active seismic zone in China has experienced several recent earthquakes with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and 2013 Lushan earthquake, both of which caused extensive and widespread damage to many communities, presenting unprecedented challenges for post-disaster reconstruction. This paper develops a multi-cycle field research method that involves three interconnected cycles: internet research, field visits, and extensive surveys: to examine multi-stakeholder collaboration for the CPDR following the Wenchuan earthquake. It was found that there were 12 types of active stakeholders engaged across four main areas: infrastructure rebuilding, psychological recovery, socio-economic rehabilitation, and ecological restoration. Specifically, local community participation and effective collaboration between the community and the external stakeholders were found to be the most crucial elements for successful reconstruction. Multi-stage field research after the Lushan earthquake verified that CPDR was effective and that multi-stakeholder collaboration had improved from the lessons learnt from the Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction experience. Some advantages and limitations of this research are also given.
C1 [Lu, Yi; Xu, Dun; Wang, Qian; Xu, Jiuping] Sichuan Univ, Inst Emergency Management & Reconstruct Postdisas, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University
RP Xu, JP (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, 24 South Sect 1,Yihuan Rd, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM xujiuping@scu.edu.cn
TC 23
Z9 31
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1747-7891
EI 1878-0059
PY 2018
VL 17
IS 2
BP 85
EP 106
DI 10.1080/17477891.2017.1351914
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000428294600001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, Q
   Li, YR
   Zhang, S
   Dong, XJ
AF Xu, Qiang
   Li, Yanrong
   Zhang, Shuai
   Dong, Xiujun
TI Classification of large-scale landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan
   earthquake, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Slope; Failure mechanism; Tension-shearing failure; The
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID SICHUAN PROVINCE; DEBRIS FLOWS; JAPAN
AB Over 30,000 landslides were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The deformation and failure mechanisms of these landslides have been found distinct from those of general landslides self-weight induced. Under gravity, typical sliding in rock slope commonly occurs along a gentle tension crack in some depth at the rear part, which connects to a shear plane at the lower part of the slope to form a complete failure surface. However, due to seismic shaking, a much deeper and steeper tension crack tends to develop at the rear part, which promotes the shearing at the far lower part of the slope. In this paper, the failure modes of earthquake-induced landslides have been classified into four scenarios, in terms of failure mechanisms, characteristics of geological structures, and development of the sliding surface, i.e., tension-strike slipping, tension-dip layering, tension-shattering, and tension-shearing failures. This is evidenced by field investigations. Detailed field investigations were performed on the deformation and failure characteristics of large-scale and deep-seated landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, among which five typical landslides are introduced in this paper in order to illustrate the classification.
C1 [Xu, Qiang; Zhang, Shuai; Dong, Xiujun] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yanrong] Taiyuan Univ Technol, Coll Min Engn, Taiyuan 030024, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Shuai] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Taiyuan University of Technology; Hong
   Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, S (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Zhang, S (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM zhangs@ust.hk; xuqiang_68@126.com
TC 37
Z9 41
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 75
IS 1
AR 22
DI 10.1007/s12665-015-4773-0
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000370239800022
ER

PT J
AU Shen, P
   Zhang, LM
   Chen, HX
   Fan, RL
AF Shen, Ping
   Zhang, Limin
   Chen, Hongxin
   Fan, Ruilin
TI EDDA 2.0: integrated simulation of debris flow initiation and dynamics
   considering two initiation mechanisms
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
DT Article
ID INDUCED SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL INTENSITY;
   RUNOUT CHARACTERISTICS; DURATION CONTROL; MODEL; EROSION; SLOPE;
   INFILTRATION; MOBILITY
AB Climate change is resulting in more frequent rainstorms and more rain-induced debris flows in mountainous areas. The prediction of likely hazard zones is important for debris flow risk assessment and management. Existing numerical methods for debris flow analysis often require the input of hydrographs at prescribed initiation locations, ignoring the initiation process and leading to large uncertainties in debris flow initiation locations, times, and volumes when applied to regional debris flow analysis. The evolution of the flowing mixture in time and space is also barely addressed. This paper presents a new integrated numerical model, EDDA 2.0, to simulate the whole process of debris flow initiation, motion, entrainment, deposition, and property changes. Two physical initiation mechanisms are modelled: transformation from slope failures and surface erosion. Three numerical tests and field application to a catastrophic debris flow event are conducted to verify the model components and evaluate the model performance. The results indicate that the integrated model is capable of simulating the initiation and subsequent flowing process of rain-induced debris flows, as well as the physical evolution of the flowing mixture. The integrated model provides a powerful tool for analysing multi-hazard processes, hazard interactions, and regional debris flow risk assessment in the future.
C1 [Shen, Ping; Zhang, Limin; Fan, Ruilin] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Hongxin] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Tongji University
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 60
Z9 70
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
PD JUL 13
PY 2018
VL 11
IS 7
BP 2841
EP 2856
DI 10.5194/gmd-11-2841-2018
SC Geology
UT WOS:000438637700003
ER

PT J
AU Chen, CM
   Shyu, JBH
   Tsui, HK
   Hsieh, YC
AF Chen, Chan-Mao
   Shyu, J. Bruce H.
   Tsui, Hsiu-Kuo
   Hsieh, Yu-Chung
TI Preservation and transportation of large landslide deposits under
   decadal and millennial timescales in the Taiwan orogenic belt
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; Sediment storage and transport; Landscape evolution; Active
   orogenic belt; Taiwan
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STRUCTURE SOURCE DATABASE;
   SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS; MODEL TEM PROJECT; SEDIMENT FLUX; MOUNTAIN
   BELT; DEBRIS FLOW; TYPHOON MORAKOT; CENTRAL RANGE
AB Landsliding is one of the primary surface processes shaping the landscapes of active mountain belts. The mobilization (or stabilization) of landslide deposits plays a crucial role in fluvial dynamics, carbon output, and topographic development of active orogens. Despite numerous previous efforts, the controls on erosion or storage of large landslide deposits remain yet to fully understand. Toward this end, we investigated eight large landslides at three locations in Taiwan. Our observations of the Jiufengershan and Tsaoling landslides, the two largest co-seismic landslides of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, indicate that as high as 90 % of the original landslide volume is still preserved in Jiufengershan after two decades, whereas only less than half remains in Tsaoling. The striking difference illustrates the importance of fluvial connectivity in the preservation or removal of landslide deposits. In the longer timescale, our topographic reconstructions of six fan terrace systems along the Laonung River revealed that, even with direct connectivity with one of the largest rivers in Taiwan, approximately 10 % to 30 % of the landslide deposits are still preserved in-situ after millennia of erosion. Their preservation ratio is mainly controlled by their age, their original size, and the river/hillslope processes nearby. Wider riverbeds around these terraces imply the occurrence of large landslides and subsequent deposition on riverbeds as an important mechanism of river lateral erosion. Our results suggest that a substantial portion of large landslide deposits may persist in the hinterland over thousands of years, and such long-term preservation of landslide deposits would be important in the landscape evolution and the mass balance of active orogenic belts.
C1 [Chen, Chan-Mao] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Chen, Chan-Mao; Shyu, J. Bruce H.; Tsui, Hsiu-Kuo] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
   [Hsieh, Yu-Chung] Minist Econ Affairs, Cent Geol Survey, Taipei 235, Taiwan.
   [Shyu, J. Bruce H.] Dept Geosci, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
C3 University of Southern California; National Taiwan University
RP Shyu, JBH (corresponding author), Dept Geosci, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
EM jbhs@ntu.edu.tw
TC 3
Z9 3
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD OCT 15
PY 2022
VL 415
AR 108402
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108402
EA AUG 2022
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000860765000002
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZJ
   Liu, G
   Wang, LY
   Liu, SH
   Fu, XL
AF Yang, Zongji
   Liu, Gang
   Wang, Liyong
   Liu, Shihao
   Fu, Xiaolong
TI Evolution of hydro-mechanical behaviours and its influence on slope
   stability for a post-earthquake landslide: implications for prolonged
   landslide activity
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Prolonged landslide activity; Hydro-mechanical parameters evolution;
   Post-earthquake landslide; Slope structure coursing; Rainfall-induced
   landslide
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; FLOW; MODEL; AREA; PREDICTION; DEPOSITS; IMPACTS;
   SICHUAN
AB There has been considerable research on the prolonged effects and evolution of post-earthquake landslides, as they are of significance for disaster relief and rebuilding plans in earthquake-impacted regions. There is a need to better quantify these prolonged effects and evolution based on the hydro-mechanical mechanisms of post-earthquake landslides. This study investigated the evolution of the hydro-mechanical behaviour and parameters of a single landslide by integrating experimental and theoretical analyses. Analyses were undertaken using a time series of in situ monitoring data over five hydrological years on a single landslide site in the Baisha River basin of Dujiangyan, in the Wenchuan earthquake region, China. Results indicated a linear increase in the angle of internal friction under prolonged effects, while soil cohesion decreased non-linearly, gradually approaching a lower limit. The saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) increased, and the soil residual water content (theta(r)) evolution curve conformed to the Boltzmann function distribution model. The soil-water characteristic curve parameters gradually increased. Based on the hydro-mechanical parameter evolution, the spatiotemporal decay of the landslide over the next decade under extreme rainfall conditions was predicted using the rainfall slope stability models and TRIGRS. This paper proposed a mechanistic explanation for the prolonged effects of a post-earthquake landslide in response to rainfall. Furthermore, it provided a reliable theoretical basis for the early warning and prevention of such landslides.
C1 [Yang, Zongji; Liu, Gang; Liu, Shihao; Fu, Xiaolong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Gang; Liu, Shihao; Fu, Xiaolong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Liyong] Sichuan Elect Power Design & Consulting Co Ltd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Yang, ZJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM yzj@imde.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 5
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD NOV
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 11
BP 8803
EP 8822
DI 10.1007/s10064-021-02463-4
EA OCT 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000704456200001
ER

PT J
AU Ouimet, WB
AF Ouimet, William B.
TI Landslides associated with the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake:
   Implications for the erosion and tectonic evolution of the Longmen Shan
SO TECTONOPHYSICS
DT Article
DE Landslides; Erosion; Longmen Shan; Wenchuan earthquake; Landscape
   evolution
ID GARZE FOLD BELT; SICHUAN PROVINCE; TIBETAN-PLATEAU; EASTERN MARGIN;
   MOUNTAIN BELT; SEDIMENT; EMPLACEMENT; MOTION; BASIN
AB Satellite images and aerial-photography following the Wenchuan earthquake show that a broad area experienced severe landsliding in association with the main earthquake and aftershocks. A zone of high density landsliding (>10% landslide surface area affected) stretches for similar to 240 km along the earthquake region, in proximity to the Yingxiu, Beichuan and Pennguan faults, which ruptured during the earthquake. The width of this severe landsliding zone varies along the strike, from similar to 25-30 km wide in the southwestern section of the earthquake region, to similar to 3-5 in the northeastern section. These variations coincide with differences in hillslope gradients, bedrock lithologies, co-seismic slip and ground shaking observed in these sections of the earthquake region. In general, there is good correlation between the magnitude and distribution of ground shaking experienced during the earthquake and mapped landslide density, though limited data and varying fault models prevent any in-depth comparison with high-resolution maps of ground shaking experienced. Landslides associated with Wenchuan earthquake highlight interesting aspects of erosion and tectonic evolution of the Longmen Shan. Short-term erosion rates in the Longmen Shan region measured from cosmogenic nuclides prior to the earthquake were similar to 0.2-0.3 mm/yr, reflecting the last 2000-3000 years - a time period shorter than the estimated recurrence interval of large earthquakes along the fault that ruptured, while long-term erosion rates measured by low-temperature thermochronology were higher, 0.5-0.7 mm/yr for the last 8-10 Ma. Integrating the total amount of erosion associated the earthquake into the short-term erosion rate estimates pushes the rate much higher. This suggests that the earthquake and associated landslide erosion was necessary for the landscape to 'catch-up' and balance the long-term tectonic growth of the Longmen Shan, particularly in the southwestern section of the earthquake region. Taken together, the earthquake and associated landslide erosion can be seen as the most recent expression of the rapid deformation/uplift and erosion that previous geomorphic evidence and geodynamic models had argued for along Longmen Shan front. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Amherst Coll, Dept Geol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA.
C3 Amherst College
RP Ouimet, WB (corresponding author), Amherst Coll, Dept Geol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA.
EM willouimet@gmail.com
TC 87
Z9 102
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0040-1951
EI 1879-3266
PD AUG 20
PY 2010
VL 491
IS 1-4
SI SI
BP 244
EP 252
DI 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.09.012
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000281943600022
ER

PT J
AU Yuan, RM
   Xu, XW
   Chen, GH
   Tan, XB
   Klinger, Y
   Xing, HL
AF Yuan, Ren-Mao
   Xu, Xi-Wei
   Chen, Gui-Hua
   Tan, Xi-Bin
   Klinger, Yann
   Xing, Hui-Lin
TI Ejection Landslide at Northern Terminus of Beichuan Rupture Triggered by
   the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
DT Article
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; SLIP; SEQUENCE; MOTION; FAULTS
AB On 12 May 2008, the M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake triggered widespread damaging landslides in many parts of the Longmen Shan area. Among these landslides, the Donghekou ejection landslide is quite special. It is located at the northeast end of the Beichuan rupture, and it has caused a great loss of life at the villages of Donghekou, Qinchuan, and Sichuan Provinces. Because of its special location, this ejection landslide differs from landslides caused by gravity or rainstorms only; the sliding surface is not uniformly continuous. Instead, two sections can be distinguished: an upper section with a step sliding surface and a lower section more gently dipping. The landslide started with material ejection caused by large local seismic acceleration, throwing rocks into the air with a parabolic trajectory before they fell back to the ground. In this paper, we analyze geologic and geomorphologic conditions that favored the occurrence of this landslide, and we introduce a simple tectonic-geomorphology model to explain the mechanism that led to the ejection landslide. We find that the location of the landslide zone, along with the domino-like ground tension cracks observed on both sides of the Beichuan rupture, is controlled by the propagation of the rupture. Our result also suggests that, in addition to local seismic shaking intensity, horizontal acceleration, and geomorphologic and geologic conditions, the vertical acceleration and the style of faulting could also play an important role in the occurrence of earthquake-triggered landslides.
C1 [Yuan, Ren-Mao; Xu, Xi-Wei; Chen, Gui-Hua; Tan, Xi-Bin] China Earthquake Adm, Natl Ctr Act Fault Studies, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Klinger, Yann] CNRS INSU, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France.
   [Xing, Hui-Lin] Univ Queensland, Sch Earth Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Universite
   Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS -
   National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); University of
   Queensland
RP Yuan, RM (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Natl Ctr Act Fault Studies, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xiweixu@vip.sina.com
TC 25
Z9 32
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI EL CERRITO
PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA
SN 0037-1106
PD NOV 1
PY 2010
VL 100
IS 5B
BP 2689
EP 2699
DI 10.1785/0120090256
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000283120600023
ER

PT J
AU Yang, WT
   Wang, M
   Kerle, N
   Van Westen, CJ
   Liu, LY
   Shi, PJ
AF Yang, W. T.
   Wang, M.
   Kerle, N.
   Van Westen, C. J.
   Liu, L. Y.
   Shi, P. J.
TI Analysis of changes in post-seismic landslide distribution and its
   effect on building reconstruction
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE;
   CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; VEGETATION RECOVERY; EVOLUTION;
   IMPACTS; EROSION
AB Six years after the devastating M-s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, new landslides, debris flows, and flash floods still occur frequently in the earthquake-stricken regions. This shows that the geological hazards that occur after a major earthquake in a mountainous environment can be a long-term threat. However, post-earthquake reconstruction and relocation of local residents often neglect this evolving threat, and its interaction with existing and rebuilt houses has not been well studied. Here we show that the evolving mountain environment, including the changed geographic distribution of new landslides and the continuously uplifting riverbed, creates emerging risks for existing and rebuilt houses. We use spatial analysis of landslide debris and the location of houses from high-resolution images and field survey in the study area and find that new landslides and the houses rebuilt after the Wenchuan earthquake have a similar trend of moving to lower elevations, gentler slopes, and closer to rivers. This study confirms that the persistent downward movement of landslide debris has rapidly filled up riverbeds over the past 6 years. The elevated riverbeds make the study area extremely susceptible to flash floods, creating further risks to newly rebuilt houses that are closer to the river. We highlight the often neglected dynamic process that involves changes in the natural environment and man-made constructions and their interaction. This dynamic process requires long-term monitoring and adaptive management of mountainous regions after major earthquakes that can fully consider the so-phisticated evolving risks caused by the changing environment, exposure, and vulnerability in the region.
C1 [Yang, W. T.; Wang, M.; Shi, P. J.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, L. Y.; Shi, P. J.] Beijing Normal Univ, MOE, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, W. T.; Kerle, N.; Van Westen, C. J.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat & Earth Observat ITC, Dept Earth Syst Anal, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Yang, W. T.] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, W. T.; Wang, M.; Liu, L. Y.; Shi, P. J.] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University; University of
   Twente; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing Normal University
RP Wang, M (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM wangming@bnu.edu.cn; spj@bnu.edu.cn
TC 18
Z9 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 4
BP 817
EP 825
DI 10.5194/nhess-15-817-2015
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000353877200011
ER

PT J
AU Jiang, ZY
   Fan, XM
   Subramanian, SS
   Yang, F
   Tang, R
   Xu, Q
   Huang, RQ
AF Jiang, Zhuoyan
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Subramanian, Srikrishnan Siva
   Yang, Fan
   Tang, Ran
   Xu, Qiang
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Probabilistic rainfall thresholds for debris flows occurred after the
   Wenchuan earthquake using a Bayesian technique
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Post-seismic debris flows; Antecedent rainfall; Bayesian technique;
   Probabilistic thresholds; Wenchuan earthquake
ID INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLD; CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; 13 AUGUST 2010;
   SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; INITIATION; IMPACT; HAZARD; AREA; PREDICTION
AB Empirically derived rainfall thresholds of debris flows are used for regional-scale early warning. However, triggering rainfall intensities of post-seismic debris flows evolve with time, causing high false alarms since thresholds estimated by conventional methods ignore the uncertainty of non-triggering rainfall events. Based on 172 triggering rainfalls and 2396 non-triggering rainfalls from 2008 to 2013 after the Wenchuan earthquake, we analyzed the evolution of probabilistic rainfall thresholds for post-seismic debris flows using a Bayesian technique. We found, rainfall thresholds significantly decrease compared with pre-earthquake events initially and later tend to increase annually. Meanwhile, the triggering rainfall characteristics tend to gradually change from a short-duration high-intensity pattern to a long-duration and low-intensity pattern. We also checked the effect of antecedent precipitation on debris flows by defining an IET (inter-event time). Our results suggest the antecedent precipitation plays an important role in low-intensity long-duration rainfall-induced debris flows and has little effect on the short-duration high-intensity rainfall-induced debris flows. The characteristics of triggering rainfall for debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake can be best reflected by IET = 7 h. By employing a Naive Bayes algorithm, uncertainties of three rainfall threshold models, I-D (mean intensity-duration), I-T-D (triggering intensity- duration), and I-T-E (triggering intensity-cumulative rainfall) were investigated, and the I-T-D model was found to perform best. The characteristics and evolution of debris flow rainfall thresholds over the years after the Wenchuan earthquake was best presented by the Bayesian probabilistic rainfall thresholds. We believe the results can be used to improve the precision of an early warning system for post-seismic debris flows.
C1 [Jiang, Zhuoyan; Fan, Xuanmei; Subramanian, Srikrishnan Siva; Yang, Fan; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Ran] Chengdu Univ, Sch Architecture & Civil Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 53
Z9 56
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN
PY 2021
VL 280
AR 105965
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105965
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000615526300041
ER

PT J
AU Fan, JR
   Zhang, XY
   Su, FH
   Ge, YG
   Tarolli, P
   Yang, ZY
   Zeng, C
   Zeng, Z
AF Fan, Jian-rong
   Zhang, Xi-yu
   Su, Feng-huan
   Ge, Yong-gang
   Tarolli, Paolo
   Yang, Zheng-yin
   Zeng, Chao
   Zeng, Zhen
TI Geometrical feature analysis and disaster assessment of the Xinmo
   landslide based on remote sensing data
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Xinmo Landslide; Geological disaster; Remote Sensing; Unmanned aerial
   vehicle (UAV); Digital elevation model (DEM); Satellite data
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN PROVINCE; TOPOGRAPHY; DEFORMATION;
   AREAS; UAV
AB At 5:39 am on June 24, 2017, a landslide occurred in the village of Xinmo in Maoxian County, Aba Tibet and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (Sichuan Province, Southwest China). On June 25, aerial images were acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and a digital elevation model (DEM) was processed. Landslide geometrical features were then analyzed. These are the front and rear edge elevation, accumulation area and horizontal sliding distance. Then, the volume and the spatial distribution of the thickness of the deposit were calculated from the difference between the DEM available before the landslide, and the UAV-derived DEM collected after the landslide. Also, the disaster was assessed using high-resolution satellite images acquired before the landslide. These include QuickBird, Pleiades-1 and GF-2 images with spatial resolutions of 0.65 m, 0.70 m, and 0.80 m, respectively, and the aerial images acquired from the UAV after the landslide with a spatial resolution of 0.1 m. According to the analysis, the area of the landslide was 1.62 km(2), and the volume of the landslide was 7.70 +/- 1.46 million m(3). The average thickness of the landslide accumulation was approximately 8 m. The landslide destroyed a total of 103 buildings. The area of destroyed farmlands was 2.53 ha, and the orchard area was reduced by 28.67 ha. A 2-km section of Songpinggou River was blocked and a 2.1-km section of township road No. 104 was buried. Constrained by the terrain conditions, densely populated and more economically developed areas in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River basin are mainly located in the bottom of the valleys. This is a dangerous area regarding landslide, debris flow and flash flood events. Therefore, in mountainous, high-risk disaster areas, it is important to carefully select residential sites to avoid a large number of casualties.
C1 [Fan, Jian-rong; Zhang, Xi-yu; Su, Feng-huan; Ge, Yong-gang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Xi-yu] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Tarolli, Paolo] Univ Padua, Dept Land Environm Agr & Forestry, Agripolis, Viale Univ 16, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
   [Yang, Zheng-yin] Sichuan Remote Sensing Informat Surveying & Mappi, Chengdu 610100, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zeng, Chao; Zeng, Zhen] Sichuan Geomat Ctr, Sichuan Engn Res Ctr Emergency Mapping & Disaster, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of Padua
RP Su, FH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fjrong@imde.ac.cn; zhangxiyu@imde.ac.cn; fhsu@imde.ac.cn;
   gyg@imde.ac.cn; paolo.tarolli@unipd.it; yangzhengyin1366@163.com;
   zeng3chao@163.com; zeng3chao@163.com
TC 40
Z9 45
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD SEP
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 9
BP 1677
EP 1688
DI 10.1007/s11629-017-4633-3
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000409490000001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, XD
   Wang, C
   Zhang, CB
AF Wang, Xuedong
   Wang, Cui
   Zhang, Chaobiao
TI Early warning of debris flow using optimized self-organizing feature
   mapping network
SO WATER SUPPLY
DT Article
DE debris flow; early warning; infinite irrelevance method; self-organizing
   feature mapping
ID RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; NEURAL-NETWORK; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; SYSTEM; MODEL; STEPWISE; DEVICE; AREAS
AB Early warning of debris flow is one of the core contents of disaster prevention and mitigation work for debris flow disasters. There are few early warning methods based on the combination of rainfall threshold and geological environment conditions. In this paper, we presented an early warning method for debris flow based on the infinite irrelevance method (IIM) and self-organizing feature mapping (SOFM), and applied it to Liaoning Province, China. The proposed model consisted of three stages. Firstly, eight geological environmental conditions and two rainfall-inducing conditions were selected by analyzing the factors affecting the development of debris flow in the study area, and the rainfall threshold for debris flow outbreak was 150 mm. Secondly, the correlation between various factors was analyzed by IIM, which prevented the blindness of parameter selection and improved the prediction accuracy of the model. Finally, SOFM was employed to predict the test data. Experimental results showed that the IIM-SOFM model had a strong early warning ability. When 25 samples of low-frequency debris flow area were selected, the accuracy rate of the IIM-SOFM model with optimized network structure parameters was 100%, which it was obviously superior to the rainfall threshold method, BP neural network and competitive neural network. Consequently, it is feasible to use the IIM-SOFM model for early warning of debris flow, outperforming traditional machine learning methods.
C1 [Wang, Xuedong; Wang, Cui; Zhang, Chaobiao] Liaoning Tech Univ, Coll Min, Zhonghua Rd 47, Fuxin 123000, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Xuedong] Liaoning Tech Univ, Zhonghua Rd 47, Fuxin 123000, Peoples R China.
C3 Liaoning Technical University; Liaoning Technical University
RP Wang, XD (corresponding author), Liaoning Tech Univ, Coll Min, Zhonghua Rd 47, Fuxin 123000, Peoples R China.; Wang, XD (corresponding author), Liaoning Tech Univ, Zhonghua Rd 47, Fuxin 123000, Peoples R China.
EM jilindaxue318@163.com
TC 8
Z9 8
PU IWA PUBLISHING
PI LONDON
PA REPUBLIC-EXPORT BLDG, UNITS 1 04 & 1 05, 1 CLOVE CRESCENT, LONDON,
   ENGLAND
SN 1606-9749
EI 1607-0798
PD NOV
PY 2020
VL 20
IS 7
BP 2455
EP 2470
DI 10.2166/ws.2020.142
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000617139900002
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZJ
   Qiao, JP
   Tian, HL
   Huang, D
   Wang, M
AF Yang Zongji
   Qiao Jianping
   Tian Hongling
   Huang Dong
   Wang Meng
TI Epicentral Distance and Impacts of Rainfall on Geohazards after the 5.12
   Wenchuan Earthquake, China
SO DISASTER ADVANCES
DT Article
DE Epicentral distance; rainfall induced; Geohazards; Wenchuan Earthquake
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms=8.0; epicenter located at 31.0 degrees N, 103.4 degrees E), with a focal depth of 19.0 km was triggered by the reactivation of the Longmenshan fault in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China on 12 May 2008. This earthquake directly caused more than 15,000 geohazards in the form of landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows which resulted in about 20,000 deaths. It also caused more than 10,000 potential geohazards sites. It has been two years after the Wenchuan earthquake taking place in 12 May, 2008. Researchers are still concerned about what happens to the geohazards which were triggered by the earthquake during the rain season in these years. By field investigation and statistical analysis in Chengdu City, the distribution of landslides triggered by the earthquake was analyzed and the correlation analysis between rainfall and seismic landslides were conducted in the extremely earthquake stricken region around the Longmenshan mountain region. The regional distribution of geohazards follow the 2 linear law with the macro-epicenter, large scale geohazards are located within 14.9 km from the macro-epicenter, moderate and small scale geohazards within 52.7 km from the macro-epicenter. And a large amount of geohazards was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake which reached the historical peak in numbers. Since then the rainfall has become a major triggering factor of landslide occurrence in the earthquake hit regions and the geohazards will be much more vulnerable to rainfall and substantial in the future decade.
C1 [Yang Zongji] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS
RP Yang, ZJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM yangzongji@163.com
TC 6
Z9 7
PU DISASTER ADVANCES
PI INDORE
PA SECTOR AG-80, SCHEME NO 54, VIJAY NAGAR, A B RD, INDORE, 452010, INDIA
SN 0974-262X
PD OCT
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 4
BP 151
EP 156
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000282837700029
ER

PT J
AU Di, BF
   Zhang, HY
   Liu, YY
   Li, JR
   Chen, NS
   Stamatopoulos, CA
   Luo, YZ
   Zhan, Y
AF Di, Baofeng
   Zhang, Hanyue
   Liu, Yongyao
   Li, Jierui
   Chen, Ningsheng
   Stamatopoulos, Constantine A.
   Luo, Yuzhou
   Zhan, Yu
TI Assessing Susceptibility of Debris Flow in Southwest China Using
   Gradient Boosting Machine
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID HAZARD ASSESSMENT; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN PROVINCE; MEDIUM-SCALE;
   RISK; AREA; GIS; PREDICTION; INTENSITY; MODEL
AB A gradient boosting machine (GBM) was developed to model the susceptibility of debris flow in Sichuan, Southwest China for risk management. A total of 3839 events of debris flow during 1949-2017 were compiled from the Sichuan Geo-Environment Monitoring program, field surveys, and satellite imagery interpretation. In the cross-validation, the GBM showed better performance, with the prediction accuracy of 82.0% and area under curve of 0.88, than the benchmark models, including the Logistic Regression, the K-Nearest Neighbor, the Support Vector Machine, and the Artificial Neural Network. The elevation range, precipitation, and aridity index played the most important role in determining the susceptibility. In addition, the water erosion intensity, road construction, channel gradient, and human settlement sites also largely contributed to the formation of debris flow. The susceptibility map produced by the GBM shows that the spatial distributions of high-susceptibility watersheds were highly coupled with the locations of the topographical extreme belt, fault zone, seismic belt, and dry valleys. This study provides critical information for risk mitigating and prevention of debris flow.
C1 [Di, Baofeng] Hongkong Polytech Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Di, Baofeng; Zhang, Hanyue; Liu, Yongyao; Li, Jierui; Zhan, Yu] Sichuan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Ningsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Stamatopoulos, Constantine A.] Stamatopoulos & Associates Co, Athens 11471, Greece.
   [Stamatopoulos, Constantine A.] Hellen Open Univ, Athens 11471, Greece.
   [Luo, Yuzhou] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Zhan, Yu] Sichuan Univ, Sinogerman Ctr Water & Hlth Res, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhan, Yu] Sichuan Univ, Med Big Data Ctr, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Sichuan University; Sichuan
   University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Hellenic Open University; University of California
   System; University of California Davis; Sichuan University; Sichuan
   University
RP Zhan, Y (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Zhan, Y (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Sinogerman Ctr Water & Hlth Res, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Zhan, Y (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Med Big Data Ctr, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yzhan@scu.edu.cn
TC 56
Z9 62
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD AUG 29
PY 2019
VL 9
AR 12532
DI 10.1038/s41598-019-48986-5
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000483017100011
ER

PT J
AU Lv, JR
   He, XB
   Bao, YH
   Li, H
AF Lv, Jiaorong
   He, Xiubin
   Bao, Yuhai
   Li, Hong
TI Spatiotemporal pattern of post-earthquake vegetation recovery in a
   mountainous catchment in southwestern China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE NDVI; Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide; Vegetation recovery; Mountainous
   river basin
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TIME-SERIES; LANDSLIDES; AREA; DESTRUCTION
AB Major earthquakes in mountainous areas usually exert negative impacts on vegetation cover and growth due the numerous coseismic landslides. However, understanding of the duration of these impacts and spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation recovery dominated by environmental factors remains limited. The present study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of natural vegetation restoration and associated mechanisms in a mountainous basin in southwestern China after the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake. The results showed that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) substantially decreased from 0.70 to 0.47 after the earthquake and then gradually increased at an average rate of 0.020 yr(- 1). By 2023, vegetation had been restored to its pre-earthquake levels in 84.9% of the total area. And 15.1% of the land remains unrecovered, with 11.7% covered by landslide slump mass. Approximately 4.16% of the entire basin is projected to recover in the future (theta(slope) > 0, H > 0.5) over a seven-year period. Elevation was the most crucial factor influencing both the damage and recovery of vegetation in the basin, followed by landslide slump mass and soil type. The overall vegetation recovery potential is limited, with an average vegetation restoration potential index (VRPI) of 0.21 in 2023. Notably, 11.2% of the basin exhibited a VRPI > 0.4, mainly situated in the northernmost part, characterized by high altitude (> 3000 m), carbonate-cinnamon soil, and dense distribution of landslide slump mass. The results indicate that natural vegetation has a robust capacity for recovery, albeit hindered by active landslides and fragile high-altitude habitats, where human intervention should be implemented. The results provide valuable information to guide future vegetation restoration planning and layout in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas.
C1 [Lv, Jiaorong; He, Xiubin; Bao, Yuhai; Li, Hong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, 9,4th Sect,South Renmin Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS
RP Bao, YH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, 9,4th Sect,South Renmin Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM lvjiaorong@imde.ac.cn; xiubinh@imde.ac.cn; byh@imde.ac.cn;
   lihong@imde.ac.cn
TC 4
Z9 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 121
IS 3
BP 3023
EP 3046
DI 10.1007/s11069-024-06918-1
EA SEP 2024
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001317353500001
ER

PT J
AU Yu, M
   Huang, Y
   Xu, Q
   Guo, P
   Dai, ZL
AF Yu, Miao
   Huang, Yu
   Xu, Qiang
   Guo, Peng
   Dai, Zili
TI Application of virtual earth in 3D terrain modeling to visual analysis
   of large-scale geological disasters in mountainous areas
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Sudden large-scale geological disaster; Virtual earth; 3D terrain
   modeling; Visual analysis; Google Earth; Hazard assessment
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GOOGLE EARTH; LANDSLIDE; PHOTOGRAMMETRY;
   VISUALIZATION
AB Sudden large-scale geological disasters can be triggered in mountainous areas by events such as earthquakes, rainfall, volcanic eruptions, or human activity, leading to serious loss of life and property. Generating digital elevation model (DEM) for such geological disasters allows the rapid identification of affected areas, which is essential for emergency response and hazard mitigation. The main aim of this study is to propose a low-cost and efficient method based on virtual earth to generate a three-dimensional (3D) DEM. Based on the terrain model, numerical simulations can be conducted and the results integrated with virtual earth to perform 3D visualization and visual analysis. The method proposed in this study may solve some limitations existing in other more traditional methods. For example, historical topographic maps exist mostly in paper format, which is not conducive to spatial analysis, while interpretation of remote-sensing images generally requires professional knowledge at a high cost. The emergence of the virtual earth platform of Google Earth (GE) provides new possibilities for generating terrain models. Terrain information can be extracted efficiently and freely from GE using an application programming interface (API) and then used to generate DEM. In this paper, the Donghekou landslide-debris flow triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was selected as a case study. 3D visualization of the temporal-spatial dynamic process of a natural disaster was carried out by combination of the numerical results and GE imaging. The comparison of the study case with field survey data proves the validity of the proposed method as it describes the real terrain shape and determines the slide distance accurately, although the elevation error may be large. The free and easy-to-use method proposed here can provide an intuitive basis for hazard assessment and rapid responses to geological disasters.
C1 [Yu, Miao; Huang, Yu; Guo, Peng; Dai, Zili] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yu] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Huang, Y (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.; Huang, Y (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM yhuang@tongji.edu.cn
TC 28
Z9 29
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD APR
PY 2016
VL 75
IS 7
AR 563
DI 10.1007/s12665-015-5161-5
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000373635400022
ER

PT J
AU Gao, L
   Zhang, LM
   Chen, HX
AF Gao, L.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Chen, H. X.
TI Two-dimensional simulation of debris flow impact pressures on buildings
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Landslides; Numerical modelling; Impact pressure;
   Buildings; Vulnerability
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE
AB This paper presents a computational scheme for simulating debris-flow impact pressures on buildings in urban areas. The debris flow mobility is described using depth-averaged mass and momentum equations considering the erosion and deposition processes and changing solid concentrations. The total impact pressure consists of a dynamic impact pressure from the moving debris flow mixture and a static pressure from the deposited debris material. A target analysis area on Hong Kong Island, including a large number of buildings in that area, is characterized precisely using a three-dimensional high-resolution digital elevation model, and discretized into a grid of 5 m square cells with different bed material parameters. Using the model, the flow patterns of a large debris flow around nearly 20 buildings along the flow path and the impact pressures against the facades of these buildings are simulated. The buildings increase the flow depth and flow velocity as the debris tends to run up and deposit in front of the buildings and the flow path tends to be narrowed due to building blockage. The impact pressures are high on the building facades that face the main traversing path of the debris flow. Deposition of debris in front of the buildings increases the impact pressure.
C1 [Gao, L.; Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, H. X.] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Tongji University
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM lgaoab@connect.ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk; chenhongxin@tongji.edu
TC 44
Z9 48
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG 30
PY 2017
VL 226
BP 236
EP 244
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.06.012
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000410869000020
ER

PT J
AU Wang, W
   Liu, J
   Godard, V
   Zhang, JY
   Xu, C
   Li, ZG
   Xu, XY
   Xu, Q
   Wang, P
   Xie, KJ
AF Wang Wei
   Liu Jing
   Godard, Vincent
   Zhang JinYu
   Xu Chong
   Li ZhiGang
   Xu XinYue
   Xu Qiang
   Wang Peng
   Xie KeJia
TI Retention and transport of coseismic landslide sediments induced by the
   Wenchuan earthquake, and its implication for the topographic evolution
   of the Longmen Shan
SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION
DT Article
DE Longmen Shan; Wenchuan earthquake; Co-seismic landslides; Fluvial
   processes; Topographic evolution
ID CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; 13 AUGUST 2010; TIBETAN PLATEAU; EASTERN
   MARGIN; SURFACE UPLIFT; ISOSTASY CANT; CHINA; SICHUAN; MASS; FAULTS
AB The 2008 M(w)7. 9 Wenchuan earthquake, China, ruptured the parallel Beichuan and Pengguan faults along the Longmen Shan, eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, which induced a large amount of landslides, volume comparable to the coseismic uplift. However, there lacks systematic data and research to quantify the removal of these loose materials and temporal variation of fluvial erosion rates, which is central to understand the mass redistribution along the Longmen Shan and the role of such earthquake in building topography in active mountain ranges. Over the period of 2008-2013 after the Wenchuan earthquake, we collected a series of river sand samples along three tributaries of the Tuojiang River, including the Jianjiang, Shiting Jiang, and Mianyuan River, and measured the detrital quartz Be-10 concentration. Together with published river sand Be-10 concentration prior to the Wenchuan earthquake, our results show that; (1) Detrital Be-10 concentration declined dramatically after the Wenchuan earthquake, which shows the dilution effect of co-seismic landslides; (2) Fluvial erosion rate in the upstream of Mianyuan River increased to 1. 3 similar to 18. 5 times of the pre-earthquake level, which indicates there occurs an obvious increase of erosion rates shortly after the earthquake; (3) Under the assumption of constant erosion rate, a simple calculation indicates the river will take at least 100 similar to 4000 years to move away these loose materials, comparable to the return time of Wenchuan-type largemagnitude earthquake in the Longmen Shan. Considering the effect of isostasy, we think that the Wenchuan earthquake will lead to a net material surplus in the Longmen Shan; and (4) The vertical motion and denudation at surface during the interseismic period and cosesimic rupture have different spatial pattern, which together control the topographic evolution of eastern Tibet.
C1 [Wang Wei; Liu Jing; Zhang JinYu; Xu XinYue; Wang Peng] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Godard, Vincent] Aix Marseille Univ, Coll France, CEREGE, CNRS,IRD, IRD, F-13100 Aix En Provence, France.
   [Xu Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Li ZhiGang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Geodynam & Geohazards, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Xu Qiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Xie KeJia] Henan Prov Nonferrous Met Geol Mineral Resources, Zhengzhou 450016, Henan, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA;
   Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
   (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite
   PSL; College de France; China Earthquake Administration; Institute of
   Geology, CEA; Sun Yat Sen University; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS
RP Wang, W (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM wangwei41178@yahoo.com
TC 2
Z9 3
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0001-5733
PD MAY
PY 2018
VL 61
IS 5
BP 1970
EP 1983
DI 10.6038/cjg2018M0074
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000432644000025
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   Domènech, G
   Scaringi, G
   Huang, RQ
   Xu, Q
   Hales, T
   Dai, LX
   Yang, Q
   Francis, O
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   Domenech, Guillem
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Huang, Runqiu
   Xu, Qiang
   Hales, Tristram C.
   Dai, Lanxin
   Yang, Qin
   Francis, Oliver
TI Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw
   7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Multi-temporal inventory; Post-seismic landslides; Mass wasting;
   Wenchuan earthquake; Area-frequency distribution; Mapping uncertainties
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLD; LOOSE
   GRANULAR DEPOSITS; CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS FLOWS; VEGETATION
   RECOVERY; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; POSTSEISMIC LANDSLIDES; HAZARD ASSESSMENT;
   XINMO LANDSLIDE
AB Strong earthquakes in mountainous areas can trigger a large number of landslides that generate deposits of loose and unconsolidated debris across the landscape. These deposits can be easily remobilised by rainfalls, with their movement frequently evolving into catastrophic debris flows and avalanches. This has been the fate of many of the 200,000 co-seismic deposits generated by the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China. Here we present one of the first studies on the post-seismic patterns of landsliding through a detailed multi-temporal inventory that covers a large portion of the epicentral area (462.5 km(2)). We quantify changes of size-frequency distribution, active volumes and type of movement. We analyse the possible factors controlling landslide activity and we discuss the significance of mapping uncertainties. We observe that the total number of active landslides decreased with time significantly (from 9189 in 2008 to 221 in 2015), and that post-seismic remobilisations soon after the earthquake (2008-2011) occurred stochastically with respect to the size of the co-seismic deposits. Subsequently (2013-2015), landslide rates remained higher in larger deposits than in smaller ones, particularly in proximity to the drainage network, with channelised flows becoming comparatively more frequent than hillslope slides. However, most of the co-seismic debris remained along the hillslopes and are largely stabilised, urging to rethink the way we believe that seismic activity affects the erosion patterns in mountain ranges.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; Domenech, Guillem; Scaringi, Gianvito; Huang, Runqiu; Xu, Qiang; Dai, Lanxin; Yang, Qin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Hales, Tristram C.; Francis, Oliver] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Sustainable Places Res Inst, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Cardiff University
RP Fan, XM; Domènech, G (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com; guillem.domenech@qq.com
TC 120
Z9 128
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 12
BP 2325
EP 2341
DI 10.1007/s10346-018-1054-5
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000451343700002
ER

PT J
AU Hu, XD
   Shen, YT
   Hu, KH
   Xu, WN
   Liu, DX
   He, ST
   Gao, JZ
   Wei, L
   Liu, S
AF Hu, Xudong
   Shen, Yitong
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Xu, Wennian
   Liu, Daxiang
   He, Songtang
   Gao, Jiazhen
   Wei, Li
   Liu, Shuang
TI Quantifying the impact of earthquakes and geological factors on spatial
   heterogeneity of debris-flow prone areas: A case study in the Hengduan
   Mountains
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE debris-flow prone areas; causal factors; GIS-based method; spatial
   heterogeneity; Hengduan Mountains
ID SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES
AB Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of debris-flow-prone areas holds significant implications for regional risk management, particularly in seismically active regions with geological faults. Despite the significance of this knowledge, a comprehensive quantification of the influence of regional topographical and geological factors on the spatial heterogeneity of debris-flow-prone areas has been lacking. This study selected the Hengduan Mountains, an earthquake-prone region characterized by diverse surface conditions and complex landforms, as a representative study area. An improved units zoning and objective factors identification methodology was employed in earthquake and fault analysis to assess the impact of seismic activity and geological factors on spatial heterogeneity of debris-flow prone areas. Results showed that the application of GIS technology with hydrodynamic intensity and geographical units analysis can effectively analyze debris-flow prone areas. Meanwhile, earthquake and fault zones obviously increase the density of debris-flow prone catchments and make them unevenly distributed. The number of debris-flow prone areas shows a nonlinear variation with the gradual increase of geomorphic factor value. Specifically, the area with 1000 m-2500 m elevation difference, 25 degrees-30 degrees average slope, and 0.13-0.15 land use index is the most favorable conditions for debris-flow occurrence; The average annual rainfall from 600 to 1150 mm and landslides gradient from 16 degrees to 35 degrees are the main causal factors to trigger debris flow. Our study sheds light on the quantification of spatial heterogeneity in debris flow-prone areas in earthquake-prone regions, which can offer crucial support for post-debris flow risk management strategies.
C1 [Hu, Xudong; Shen, Yitong; Xu, Wennian; Liu, Daxiang; Gao, Jiazhen] China Three Gorges Univ, Hubei Prov Engn Res Ctr Slope Habitat Construct Te, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xudong; Shen, Yitong; Xu, Wennian; Liu, Daxiang] China Three Gorges Univ, Hubei Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Mitigat, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xudong; Xu, Wennian; Liu, Daxiang] China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Yitong; Liu, Shuang] Design & Res Inst Co Ltd, Shanghai Invest, Shanghai 200335, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Kaiheng; He, Songtang; Wei, Li; Liu, Shuang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Kaiheng; He, Songtang; Wei, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Gao, Jiazhen] Wuhan Polytech, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
C3 China Three Gorges University; China Three Gorges University; China
   Three Gorges University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Wuhan
   Technical University
RP Hu, XD (corresponding author), China Three Gorges Univ, Hubei Prov Engn Res Ctr Slope Habitat Construct Te, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.; Hu, XD (corresponding author), China Three Gorges Univ, Hubei Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Mitigat, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.; Hu, XD (corresponding author), China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
EM hxd@ctgu.edu.cn; 1649047265@qq.com; khhu@imde.ac.cn; xwn@ctgu.edu.cn;
   ldx@ctgu.edu.cn; hest@imde.ac.cn; 740552073@qq.com; weili@imde.ac.cn;
   liushuang@imde.ac.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAY
PY 2024
VL 21
IS 5
BP 1522
EP 1533
DI 10.1007/s11629-023-8320-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001245050300017
ER

PT J
AU Li, ML
   Jiang, YJ
   Yang, T
   Huang, QB
   Qiao, JP
   Yang, ZJ
AF Li, Ming-li
   Jiang, Yuan-jun
   Yang, Tao
   Huang, Qiang-bing
   Qiao, Jian-ping
   Yang, Zong-ji
TI Early warning model for slope debris flow initiation
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Slope debris flow; Artificial rainfall model; Early warning model; Model
   experiment
ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; INTENSITY
AB Early warning model of debris flow is important for providing local residents with reliable and accurate warning information to escape from debris flow hazards. This research studied the debris flow initiation in the Yindongzi gully in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan province, China with scaled-down model experiments. We set rainfall intensity and slope angle as dominating parameters and carried out 20 scaled-down model tests under artificial rainfall conditions. The experiments set four slope angles (32A degrees, 34A degrees, 37A degrees, 42A degrees) and five rainfall intensities (60 mm/h, 90 mm/h, 120 mm/h, 150 mm/h, and 180 mm/h) treatments. The characteristic variables in the experiments, such as, rainfall duration, pore water pressure, moisture content, surface inclination, and volume were monitored. The experimental results revealed the failure mode of loose slope material and the process of slope debris flow initiation, as well as the relationship between the surface deformation and the physical parameters of experimental model. A traditional rainfall intensity-duration early warning model (I-D model) was firstly established by using a mathematical regression analysis, and it was then improved into ISD model and ISM model (Here, I is rainfall Intensity, S is Slope angle, D is rainfall Duration, and M is Moisture content). The warning model can provide reliable early warning of slope debris flow initiation.
C1 [Li, Ming-li; Jiang, Yuan-jun; Qiao, Jian-ping; Yang, Zong-ji] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ming-li] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Tao] Sichuan Bur Geol & Mineral Resources, Chengdu Ctr Hydrogeol & Engn Geol, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Qiang-bing] Changan Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chang'an University
RP Jiang, YJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM limingliaaaa@imde.ac.cn; yuanjun.jiang.civil@gmail.com;
   yangtao57900@163.com; dcdgx24@chd.edu.cn; jpqiao@imde.ac.cn;
   yzj@imde.ac.cn
TC 11
Z9 11
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUN
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 6
BP 1342
EP 1353
DI 10.1007/s11629-017-4779-z
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000435362700014
ER

PT J
AU Tian, X
   Ma, XY
   Huang, MW
   Guo, YT
   Yang, HF
   Yang, LS
   Chen, H
   Gao, RY
   Li, J
   Lin, YM
AF Tian, Xue
   Ma, Xinyu
   Huang, Maowei
   Guo, Yiting
   Yang, Hongfei
   Yang, Liusheng
   Chen, Hui
   Gao, Ruoyun
   Li, Jian
   Lin, Yongming
TI Spatiotemporal Dynamic Characteristics of Land Use in the Typical
   Watershed of Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Areas-A Case Study in the
   Longxi River Basin
SO SUSTAINABILITY
DT Article
DE land use; integrated land use degree; land use transition matrix; Longxi
   River basin
ID LANDSCAPE; COVER; VEGETATION; DISASTERS; IMPACTS; FORESTS
AB Major earthquakes cause serious damage to ecosystem structure and function through their huge destructive force and subsequent geohazards. Understanding the characteristics of post-earthquake land use change is of great interest to assess the effects of ecological restoration in earthquake-affected areas. However, little is known about the consequences of land use change on a small scale due to incomplete, non-comprehensive, and sparse research data. Here, we used remote-sensing images to study the land use change characteristics of the Longxi River before and after the Wenchuan earthquake by calculating the land use dynamics degree, transition matrix, and gravity center of the Longxi River Basin from 2005 to 2015. The Wenchuan earthquake disaster did not affect the main dominance of forests. Grassland, the second dominant land type, was replaced by geohazard-induced unutilized land after the earthquake. Compared with pre-earthquake in 2005, the areas of cultivated land, forest, grassland, and water area decreased, while those of construction land and unutilized land increased in 2015. The single land use dynamic degree and spatial dynamic change degree show the highest transition intensity of other land use types to unutilized land between 2005 and 2009. However, the degrees of all land use types decreased between 2009 and 2015. Both banks of the lower reach of the Longxi River had high and developing comprehensive indexes of land use degrees during the study period. The gravity centers of grassland, construction land, water, and cultivated land changed from north to south, while forest and unutilized land had the opposite pattern. Our results provide useful information for ecological restoration, ecological security, and soil-erosion control in earthquake-affected areas.
C1 [Tian, Xue; Ma, Xinyu; Huang, Maowei; Guo, Yiting; Yang, Hongfei; Yang, Liusheng; Chen, Hui; Gao, Ruoyun; Li, Jian; Lin, Yongming] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
   [Tian, Xue; Guo, Yiting; Yang, Hongfei; Yang, Liusheng; Chen, Hui; Gao, Ruoyun; Li, Jian; Lin, Yongming] Key Lab Forest Ecosyst Proc & Management Fujian Pr, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
C3 Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University
RP Lin, YM (corresponding author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.; Lin, YM (corresponding author), Key Lab Forest Ecosyst Proc & Management Fujian Pr, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
EM 000q131082@fafu.edu.cn
TC 7
Z9 7
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2071-1050
PD DEC
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 23
AR 15937
DI 10.3390/su142315937
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000896244000001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, L
   Chang, M
   Le, J
   Xiang, LL
   Ni, Z
AF Wang, Lei
   Chang, Ming
   Le, Jian
   Xiang, Lanlan
   Ni, Zhang
TI Two multi-temporal datasets to track debris flow after the 2008 Wenchuan
   earthquake
SO SCIENTIFIC DATA
DT Article; Data Paper
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; 13 AUGUST 2010; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; AREA; SEDIMENT;
   IMPACT; EVOLUTION; MODEL; THRESHOLD; FAULT
AB We provide two datasets for tracking the debris flow induced by the 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake on a section of the Longmen mountains on the eastern side of the Tibetan plateau (Sichuan, China). The database was obtained through a literature review and field survey reports in the epicenter area, combined with high-resolution remote sensing image and extensive data collection and processing. The first dataset covers an area of 892 km(2), including debris flows from 2008 to 2020 (an updated version). 186 debris flows affecting 79 watersheds were identified. 89 rainfall stations were collected to determine the rainfall events for the post-earthquake debris flow outbreak. The second database is a list of mitigation measures for post-earthquake debris flows, including catchment name, check dam number, coordinates, construction time, and successful mitigation date. The datasets can aid different applications, including the early warning and engineering prevention of post-earthquake debris flow, as well as provide valuable data support for research in related disciplines.
C1 [Wang, Lei; Chang, Ming; Xiang, Lanlan; Ni, Zhang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Lei; Le, Jian] Sichuan Xingshu Engn Survey & Design Grp CO LTD, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Chang, M (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM changmxq@126.com
TC 17
Z9 18
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
EI 2052-4463
PD AUG 27
PY 2022
VL 9
IS 1
AR 525
DI 10.1038/s41597-022-01658-y
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000846233000006
ER

PT J
AU Yang, H
   Shi, PJ
   Quincey, D
   Qi, WW
   Yang, WT
AF Yang, Hui
   Shi, Peijun
   Quincey, Duncan
   Qi, Wenwen
   Yang, Wentao
TI A Heterogeneous Sampling Strategy to Model Earthquake-Triggered
   Landslides
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Earthquake-triggered landslides; Landslide hazard modeling; Machine
   learning; Model validation; Sampling strategy; Tibetan Plateau
ID REAL-TIME PREDICTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RANDOM FOREST;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; HAZARD
AB Regional modeling of landslide hazards is an essential tool for the assessment and management of risk in mountain environments. Previous studies that have focused on modeling earthquake-triggered landslides report high prediction accuracies. However, it is common to use a validation strategy with an equal number of landslide and non-landslide samples, scattered homogeneously across the study area. Consequently, there are overestimations in the epicenter area, and the spatial pattern of modeled locations does not agree well with real events. In order to improve landslide hazard mapping, we proposed a spatially heterogeneous non-landslide sampling strategy by considering local ratios of landslide to non-landslide area. Coseismic landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake on the eastern Tibetan Plateau were used as an example. To assess the performance of the new strategy, we trained two random forest models that shared the same hyperparameters. The first was trained using samples from the new heterogeneous strategy, and the second used the traditional approach. In each case the spatial match between modeled and measured (interpreted) landslides was examined by scatterplot, with a 2 km-by-2 km fishnet. Although the traditional approach achieved higher AUC(ROC) (0.95) accuracy than the proposed one (0.85), the coefficient of determination (R-2) for the new strategy (0.88) was much higher than for the traditional strategy (0.55). Our results indicate that the proposed strategy outperforms the traditional one when comparing against landslide inventory data. Our work demonstrates that higher prediction accuracies in landslide hazard modeling may be deceptive, and validation of the modeled spatial pattern should be prioritized. The proposed method may also be used to improve the mapping of precipitation-induced landslides. Application of the proposed strategy could benefit precise assessment of landslide risks in mountain environments.
C1 [Yang, Hui; Yang, Wentao] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Peijun] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Peijun] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Minist Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Peijun] Beijing Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Peijun] Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Quincey, Duncan; Yang, Wentao] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, England.
   [Qi, Wenwen] Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Wentao] Acad Plateau Sci & Sustainabil, Peoples Govt Qinghai Prov, Xining 810016, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Wentao] Beijing Normal Univ, Xining 810016, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Forestry University; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal
   University; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University;
   University of Leeds; Beijing Normal University
RP Yang, WT (corresponding author), Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Yang, WT (corresponding author), Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, England.; Yang, WT (corresponding author), Acad Plateau Sci & Sustainabil, Peoples Govt Qinghai Prov, Xining 810016, Peoples R China.; Yang, WT (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, Xining 810016, Peoples R China.
EM yang_wentao@bjfu.edu.cn
TC 4
Z9 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 2095-0055
EI 2192-6395
PD AUG
PY 2023
VL 14
IS 4
SI SI
BP 636
EP 648
DI 10.1007/s13753-023-00489-8
EA MAY 2023
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000992353700001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, CQ
   Wei, XD
   Lu, Z
   Wu, HD
   Yang, YL
   Chen, LY
AF Liu, Chengqing
   Wei, Xiaodan
   Lu, Zheng
   Wu, Handan
   Yang, Yuling
   Chen, Linya
TI Studies on passive flexible protection to resist landslides caused by
   the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan earthquake
SO STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TALL AND SPECIAL BUILDINGS
DT Article
DE force transmission path; landslide pressure; loads confirmation; passive
   flexible protection; probability and statistics; reliability anaxlysis
ID SHAKING TABLE TEST; ROCKFALL BARRIERS; SIMULATION
AB The landslides caused by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake resulted in enormous casualties and property losses. Since the earthquake, more than 3,600 landslides have occurred, and 17 of them were catastrophic, each of which has killed more than 30 people. Meanwhile, passive flexible protection has gradually been introduced to resist landslides due to its significant advantages of economy, safety, and environmental protection. To resist landslides effectively, it is necessary to study the load path and design method of passive flexible protection under the action of landslides. In the design of passive flexible protection against landslides, determination of the landslide load is the primary task.
   In this paper, the formulas of the probability density function and distribution function of the landslide pressure are developed to obtain the value of the accumulated landslide pressure acting on the passive flexible protection, which can be used as the load input parameter in the design of passive flexible protection to resist landslides. Based on the case of the "Shiziliang" potential landslide for the 5.12 earthquake, the pressure data of the landslide are collected, the calculation formulas of the volume, and the pressure of the intercepted landslide are established, and the statistical parameters of the landslide pressure-loading sample are obtained. According to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test method, the loading sample of the landslide pressure obeys an extreme-value type-I distribution, and then the load model of the landslide pressure is determined. Based on the reliability analysis method, the standard value of the landslide pressure with an over-95% assurance rate is obtained. These results can provide references for load confirmation to design the passive flexible protection to resist landslides.
C1 [Liu, Chengqing; Wei, Xiaodan; Wu, Handan; Chen, Linya] Southwest JiaoTong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Zheng; Yang, Yuling] Tongji Univ, Res Inst Struct Engn & Disaster Reduct, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Tongji University
RP Lu, Z (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Res Inst Struct Engn & Disaster Reduct, 1239 Siping Rd, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM luzheng111@tongji.edu.cn
TC 14
Z9 14
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1541-7794
EI 1541-7808
PD AUG 10
PY 2017
VL 26
IS 11
AR e1372
DI 10.1002/tal.1372
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
UT WOS:000405545500003
ER

PT J
AU Dahlquist, MP
   West, AJ
AF Dahlquist, Maxwell P.
   West, A. Joshua
TI Initiation and Runout of Post-Seismic Debris Flows: Insights From the
   2015 Gorkha Earthquake
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL INTENSITY; LANDSLIDES; EROSION;
   SHALLOW; MODEL; MOBILITY; SLOPE; MOBILIZATION; RECOGNITION
AB Post-seismic debris flows are an important hazard following large earthquakes, propagating destruction downstream from hillslopes where coseismic landslides occur and extending damage for years after shaking stops. Data sets of post-seismic debris flows are necessary to predict initiation and runout characteristics but are presently scarce. We used satellite imagery supplemented by field observations to compile an inventory of >1,000 debris flows associated with the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal. We identified two distinct debris flow types: (1) Material from a coseismic landslide was remobilized in a steep channel during a later monsoon; and (2) a new post-seismic hillslope failure occurred in saturated conditions and became fluidized and channelized. Runout distance was constrained by channel confluences and may be related to confluence geometry. Unstable landslide debris was largely flushed from steep channels during the first monsoon following the earthquake, and the rate of new hillslope failures tailed off over a few years.
   Plain Language Summary Debris flows-rapidly flowing slurries of rock, mud, and water-are common in many steep mountain ranges and are deadly hazards to communities that lie in their paths. They are also important erosional mechanisms. Large earthquakes destabilize hillsides and cause landslides, providing abundant opportunities for debris flows to form. Here we mapped and categorized debris flows associated with the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal. We identified two main mechanisms for debris flow formation in the wake of the earthquake, and our results suggest that distinguishing these mechanisms may help in post-earthquake hazard assessment. Loose landslide deposits that were generated during the earthquake and that were vulnerable to forming debris flows did so almost exclusively during the first monsoon following the earthquake. Debris flows flowed out to distances influenced by tributary junctions they encountered.
C1 [Dahlquist, Maxwell P.; West, A. Joshua] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
C3 University of Southern California
RP Dahlquist, MP (corresponding author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM mpdahlquist@gmail.com
TC 57
Z9 65
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
PD AUG 28
PY 2019
VL 46
IS 16
BP 9658
EP 9668
DI 10.1029/2019GL083548
SC Geology
UT WOS:000490966700040
ER

PT J
AU Huang, YY
   Han, H
   Tang, C
   Liu, SJ
AF Huang You-you
   Han Han
   Tang Chuan
   Liu Shou-jiang
TI Plant community composition and interspecific relationships among
   dominant species on a post-seismic landslide in Hongchun Gully, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Ecological rehabilitation; Plant communities; Vegetation recovery;
   Geological hazard; Hongchun Gully
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; VEGETATION RECOVERY; NATURE-RESERVE;
   ASSOCIATION; DUJIANGYAN; RADIATION
AB The 5.12 Earthquake in 2008 and 8.14 Debris Flow in 2010 resulted in large-scale landslides that disturbed vast areas of vegetation in the Hongchun Gully, Wenchuan County, China. To define the specific characteristics of vegetation restoration during natural recovery after catastrophic events, vegetation species composition and interspecific associations were investigated on this typical landslide. Field survey data selected from a total of 51 sample plots belonged to seven belt transects and were analysed by Schluter's variance ratio, pearson's chi-squared test, Spearman's correlation coefficients and ecological species groups. Plant communities on the landslide consisted of 78 species, 65 genera and 52 families. Of the total of 78 species, 25 are identified as dominant species, among which Camptotheca acuminate, Toxicodendron vernicifluum, Coriaria nepalensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Buddleja alternifolia, Anemone vitifolia and Nephrolepis auriculata play a constructive role during the natural afforestation. Moreover, according to environmental and ecological factors, these 25 dominant species could be divided into four ecological species groups. This study found that even though the landslide had frequently suffered from interference due to heavy rain, the vegetation succession processes are ongoing, and it is now at a shrub-herb community succession stage, which indicates that vegetation can naturally recover in the denuded sites. This study provides a useful insight into the ecological interactions and interdependence between plant species during the natural recovery of vegetation and provides valuable information on vegetation recovery modelling in the landslide area.
C1 [Huang You-you; Tang Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geoenvironm Protect, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang You-you; Han Han] China West Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conser, Nanchong 637009, Peoples R China.
   [Liu Shou-jiang] China West Normal Univ, Land & Resources Coll, Nanchong 637009, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; China West Normal University; China
   West Normal University
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geoenvironm Protect, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yyhuang_cwnu@163.com; hanghang739@hotmail.com; tangc707@gmail.com;
   liushouj@tom.com
TC 15
Z9 21
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD OCT
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 10
BP 1985
EP 1994
DI 10.1007/s11629-017-4382-3
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000412313000007
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, MJ
   Shi, ZM
   Zhou, GGD
   Cui, KFE
   Peng, M
AF Zhou, Mingjun
   Shi, Zhenming
   Zhou, Gordon G. D.
   Cui, Kahlil Fredrick E.
   Peng, Ming
TI Experimental Investigation of the Outburst Discharge of Landslide Dam
   Overtopping Failure
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE landslide dam; overtopping failure; inflow discharge; loose deposits;
   breaching flow; outburst discharge
ID DEBRIS-FLOW; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HSIAOLIN VILLAGE; PEAK OUTFLOW;
   SIMULATION; BREACH; RIVER; EROSION; ERODIBILITY; HYDROGRAPH
AB Research on the factors and mechanisms that influence outburst floods are essential for estimating outflow hydrographs and the resulting inundation. In this study, large flume tests are conducted to investigate the effects of the upstream inflow and the presence of loose erodible deposits on the breaching flow and the subsequent outburst floods. Experimental results reveal that hydrographs of the breaching flow and outburst flood can be divided into three stages where each stage is separated by inflection points and peak discharges. It is found that the larger the inflow discharge, the larger the peak discharge of the outburst flood and the shorter the time needed to reach the peak and inflection discharges of the outburst flood. The breaching flow decreases along the longitudinal direction at rates that increase with the inflow discharge. The ratio between the length of the upstream dam shoulder and the dam width is inversely related to the ratio of the outburst discharge to inflow discharge. We also show that the presence of loose deposits at the dam toe can amplify the peak discharge of outburst flood by increasing the solids content of the water flow.
C1 [Zhou, Mingjun; Shi, Zhenming; Peng, Ming] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Mingjun; Shi, Zhenming; Peng, Ming] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Gordon G. D.; Cui, Kahlil Fredrick E.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Gordon G. D.; Cui, Kahlil Fredrick E.] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Cui, KFE (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Cui, KFE (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM kfcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 7
Z9 8
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD OCT 12
PY 2021
VL 9
AR 766524
DI 10.3389/feart.2021.766524
SC Geology
UT WOS:000713247300001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, F
   Yang, SH
AF Liu, Feng
   Yang, Shunhu
TI The effect of the Wenchuan earthquake on the fluvial morphology in the
   Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau: Discussion and speculation
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
DT Article
DE Co-seismic knickpoint; Landslide; Meandering migration rate; Channel
   morphology; Wenchuan earthquake
ID INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SURFACE RUPTURE; TACHIA RIVER; OBLIQUE; DEFORMATION;
   EVOLUTION; TYPHOONS; REVERSE; EROSION; SICHUAN
AB Although large earthquakes can have significant impacts on the geomorphology of mountain rivers, the consequences of such impacts remain poorly understood. The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 created knickpoints (waterfalls) in the river systems of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibet Plateau, in addition to numerous landslides along rivers. In this study, we use high-resolution remote sensing images and field surveys to examine how the Baisha and Jianjiang River channels responded to the Wenchuan earthquake. The morphological response along the Baisha River was a knickpoint, with a height of 4.5 m, which was studied from 2008 to 2012. However, the river did not show rapid incision via knickpoint migration during the post-earthquake period. In fact, post-seismic flooding destroyed the face of the co-seismic knickpoint. The rapid removal of the knickpoint suggests that the abrupt vertical displacement associated with the earthquake did not exceed the adjustment threshold of the fluvial dynamic equilibrium, and so was unable to drive rapid morphological change at the local scale. Along the Jianjiang River, the average meander migration rate of the Beichuan reach was -2.8 m/yr between 2001 and 2008, but increased to 51.1 m/yr during the five years following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. This rapid increase in the meander migration rate is attributed to excess sediment supplied to the river as a consequence of the earthquake. These two case studies indicate that the Wenchuan earthquake caused channel aggradation rather than a significant increase in river incision by locally generating relief across the river. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
C1 [Liu, Feng] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Shunhu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Liu, F (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM casinsar@gmail.com
TC 10
Z9 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
EI 1873-4553
PD JUN 12
PY 2015
VL 371
BP 280
EP 289
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.021
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000355331700027
ER

PT J
AU West, AJ
   Hetzel, R
   Li, G
   Jin, ZD
   Zhang, F
   Hilton, RG
   Densmore, AL
AF West, A. Joshua
   Hetzel, Ralf
   Li, Gen
   Jin, Zhangdong
   Zhang, Fei
   Hilton, Robert G.
   Densmore, Alexander L.
TI Dilution of 10Be in detrital quartz by earthquake-induced
   landslides: Implications for determining denudation rates and potential
   to provide insights into landslide sediment dynamics
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
DT Article
DE erosion; denudation; cosmogenic nuclides; landslides; Wenchuan
   earthquake; sediment
ID EROSION RATES; COSMOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES; MOUNTAIN RIVERS; HALF-LIFE;
   SURFACES; CLIMATE; PULSES; DEPTH; MUONS
AB The concentration of Be-10 in detrital quartz (Be-10(qtz)) from river sediments is now widely used to quantify catchment-wide denudation rates but may also be sensitive to inputs from bedrock landslides that deliver sediment with low Be-10(qtz). Major landslide-triggering events can provide large amounts of low-concentration material to rivers in mountain catchments, but changes in river sediment Be-10(qtz) due to such events have not yet been measured directly. Here we examine the impact of widespread landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on Be-10(qtz) in sediment samples from the Min Jiang river basin, in Sichuan, China. Landslide deposit material associated with the Wenchuan earthquake has consistently lower Be-10(qtz) than in river sediment prior to the earthquake. River sediment Be-10(qtz) decreased significantly following the earthquake downstream of areas of high coseismic landslide occurrence (i.e., with greater than similar to 0.3% of the upstream catchment area affected by landslides), because of input of the Be-10-depleted landslide material, but showed no systematic changes where landslide occurrence was low. Changes in river sediment Be-10(qtz) concentration were largest in small first-order catchments but were still significant in large river basins with areas of 10(4)-10(5) km(2). Spatial and temporal variability in river sediment Be-10(qtz) has important implications for inferring representative denudation rates in tectonically active, landslide-dominated environments, even in large basins. Although the dilution of Be-10(qtz) in river sediment by landslide inputs may complicate interpretation of denudation rates, it also may provide a possible opportunity to track the transport of landslide sediment. The associated uncertainties are large, but in the Wenchuan case, calculations based on Be-10 mixing proportions suggest that river sediment fluxes in the 2-3 years following the earthquake increased by a similar order of magnitude in the 0.25-1 mm and the <0.25 mm size fractions, as determined from Be-10(qtz) mixing calculations and hydrological gauging, respectively. Such information could provide new insight into sediment transfer, with implications for secondary sediment-related hazards and for understanding the removal of mass from mountains. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [West, A. Joshua; Li, Gen] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Hetzel, Ralf] Univ Munster, Inst Geol, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
   [Jin, Zhangdong; Zhang, Fei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710075, Peoples R China.
   [Hilton, Robert G.; Densmore, Alexander L.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Densmore, Alexander L.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
C3 University of Southern California; University of Munster; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS; Durham
   University; Durham University
RP West, AJ (corresponding author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM joshwest@usc.edu
TC 84
Z9 94
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
EI 1385-013X
PD JUN 15
PY 2014
VL 396
BP 143
EP 153
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.03.058
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000336819900015
ER

PT J
AU Dai, FC
   Xu, C
   Yao, X
   Xu, L
   Tu, XB
   Gong, QM
AF Dai, F. C.
   Xu, C.
   Yao, X.
   Xu, L.
   Tu, X. B.
   Gong, Q. M.
TI Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan
   earthquake, China
SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Gondwana Conference on Wenchuan Earthquake
CY SEP 03-05, 2008
CL Dali, PEOPLES R CHINA
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Landslides; Spatial distribution; Landslide-point
   density; Landslide-area density
ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; PREFECTURE; CALIFORNIA; FREQUENCY;
   MAGNITUDE
AB The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 is one of the most disastrous earthquakes in China. The earthquake triggered tens of thousands of landslides over a broad area, including shallow, disrupted landslides, rock falls, deep-seated landslides, and rock avalanches, some of which buried large sections of some towns and dammed the rivers. The purpose of this study is to investigate correlations between the occurrence of landslides with geologic and geomorphologic conditions, and seismic parameters. Over 56,000 earthquake-triggered landslides, with a total area of 811 km(2), are interpreted using aerial photographs and remote sensing images taken following the earthquake. The spatial distribution of these landslides is analyzed statistically using both landslide-point density (LPD), defined as the number of landslides per square kilometer, and landslide-area density (LAD), the percentage of the area affected by landslides, to determine how the occurrence of landslides correlates with distance from the epicenter, distance from the major surface rupture, seismic intensity and peak ground acceleration (PGA), slope angle, slope aspect, elevation, and lithology. It is found that both LAD and LPD have strong positive correlations with slope steepness, distance from the major surface rupture and seismic intensity, and that Pre-Sinian schist, and Cambrian sandstone and siltstone intercalated with slate have the most concentrated landslide activities, followed by the Permian limestone intercalated with shale, and Devonian limestone. Statistical analyses also indicate that the major surface rupture has influence on the spatial distribution of landslides, because LAD and LPD are relatively higher on the hanging wall than on the footwall. However, the correlation between the occurrence of landslides with distance from the epicenter of the earthquake is complicated, rather than a relatively simple negative correlation as found from other reported cases of earthquakes. This is possibly due to complicated rupture processes of the earthquake. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dai, F. C.; Xu, C.; Xu, L.; Tu, X. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Yao, X.] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Q. M.] Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Architecture & Civil Engn, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS;
   China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Beijing
   University of Technology
RP Dai, FC (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, POB 9825, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM daifc@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
TC 512
Z9 624
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1367-9120
EI 1878-5786
PD MAR 3
PY 2011
VL 40
IS 4
SI SI
BP 883
EP 895
DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.04.010
SC Geology
UT WOS:000287950800008
ER

PT J
AU Qi, SW
   Xu, QA
   Zhang, B
   Zhou, YD
   Lan, HX
   Li, LH
AF Qi, Shengwen
   Xu, Qiang
   Zhang, Bing
   Zhou, Yuande
   Lan, Hengxing
   Li, Lihui
TI Source characteristics of long runout rock avalanches triggered by the
   2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China
SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Gondwana Conference on Wenchuan Earthquake
CY SEP 03-05, 2008
CL Dali, PEOPLES R CHINA
DE 2008.5.12 Wenchuan earthquake; Rock avalanche; Landslide
ID CONTINENTAL COLLISION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; SUBDUCTION; BENEATH; ASIA
AB The May 12, 2008 Wenchuan, China Earthquake which measured M(w) = 8.3 according to Chinese Earthquake Administration - CEA (M(w) = 7.9 according to the USGS) directly triggered many landslides, which caused about 20,000 deaths, a quarter of the total. Rock avalanches were among the most destructive landslides triggered by this seismic event, and have killed more people than any other type of landslide in this earthquake. The Donghekou rock avalanche, one example of a catastrophic avalanche triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, occurred in Qingchuan and buried one primary school and 184 houses, resulting in more than 780 deaths, and in addition, caused the formation of two landslide dams, which formed barrier lakes.
   Combining aerial images (resolution of 0.5 m) with field investigations, this paper lists some parameters of 66 cases in one table, and details source characteristics of six typical cases. It has been found that most of the long runout rock avalanches have source areas with high relief and steep inclination, causing the debris in the travel courses to accelerate. There was also a large amount of saturated Holocene-age loose deposits formed by a river or gully that existed in the travel courses. Comparison studies indicate that saturated Holocene loose deposits in the travel courses could be the most important factor for the causes of the long runout characteristic of the rock avalanches especially when they traveled over gentle or even flat ground surfaces.
   Furthermore, the relationships among the relief slope gradient, runout and covered area are investigated, and a threshold line for predicting the maximum horizontal runout distance under certain change in elevation is presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Qi, Shengwen; Li, Lihui] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Engn Geomech, Inst Geol & Geophys, Chaoyang Area, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Shengwen; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prote, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Bing] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Yuande] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Civil Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Lan, Hengxing] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS;
   Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Hong Kong; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS
RP Qi, SW (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Engn Geomech, Inst Geol & Geophys, Chaoyang Area, POB 9825, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM qishengwen@mail.iggcas.ac.cn; xq@cdut.edu.cn; zb@ceode.ac.cn;
   yuande@hku.hk; lanhx@lreis.ac.cn; lhli2942@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
TC 66
Z9 86
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1367-9120
PD MAR 3
PY 2011
VL 40
IS 4
SI SI
BP 896
EP 906
DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.05.010
SC Geology
UT WOS:000287950800009
ER

PT J
AU Cui, P
   Chen, XQ
   Zhu, YY
   Su, FH
   Wei, FQ
   Han, YS
   Liu, HJ
   Zhuang, JQ
AF Cui, Peng
   Chen, Xiao-Qing
   Zhu, Ying-Yan
   Su, Feng-Huan
   Wei, Fang-Qiang
   Han, Yong-Shun
   Liu, Hong-Jiang
   Zhuang, Jian-Qi
TI The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and
   resulting geohazards
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; Geohazards; Avalanches; Landslides; Dammed
   lakes/Earthquake lakes; Debris-flows
AB On Monday, May 12, 2008, a devastating mega-earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck the Wenchuan area, northwestern Sichuan Province, China. The focal mechanism of the earthquake was successive massive rock fracturing 15 km in depth at Yingxiu. Seismic analysis confirms that the major shock occurred on the Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault and that aftershocks rapidly extended in a straight northeast-southeast direction along the Longmenshan Fault zone. Fatalities approaching a total of 15,000 occurred, with a significant number resulting from four types of seismically triggered geohazards-rock avalanches and landslides, landslide-dammed lakes ("earthquake lakes"), and debris flows. China Geological Survey has identified 4,970 potentially risky sites, 1,701 landslides, 1,844 rock avalanches, 515 debris flows, and 1,093 unstable slopes. Rock avalanches and landslides caused many fatalities directly and disrupted the transportation system, extensively disrupting rescue efforts and thereby causing additional fatalities. Landslide-dammed lakes not only flooded human habitats in upstream areas but also posed threats to potentially inundated downstream areas with large populations. Debris flows become the most remarkable geohazards featured by increasing number, high frequency, and low triggering rainfall. Earthquake-triggered geohazards sequentially induced and transformed to additional hazards. For example, debris flows occurred on rock avalanches and landslides, followed by landslide-dammed lakes, and then by additional debris flows and breakouts of the landslide-dammed lakes and downstream flooding. Earthquake-induced geohazards occurred mainly along the fault zone and decreased sharply with distance from the fault. It can be anticipated that post-earthquake geohazards, particularly for debris flows, will continue for 5-10 years and even for as long as 20 years. An integrated strategy of continuing emergency response and economic reconstruction is required. The lesson from Wenchuan Earthquake is that the resulted geohazards may appear in large number in active fault regions. A plan for geohazard prevention in the earthquake-active mountainous areas is needed in advance.
C1 [Cui, Peng; Chen, Xiao-Qing; Zhu, Ying-Yan; Su, Feng-Huan; Wei, Fang-Qiang; Han, Yong-Shun; Liu, Hong-Jiang; Zhuang, Jian-Qi] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng; Chen, Xiao-Qing; Zhu, Ying-Yan; Su, Feng-Huan; Wei, Fang-Qiang; Han, Yong-Shun; Liu, Hong-Jiang; Zhuang, Jian-Qi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 329
Z9 387
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 1
BP 19
EP 36
DI 10.1007/s11069-009-9392-1
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000286630600002
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Sun, P
   Zhang, YL
   Ren, J
   Wang, HJ
AF Zhang, Shuai
   Sun, Ping
   Zhang, Yanlin
   Ren, Jian
   Wang, Haojie
TI Hazard Zonation and Risk Assessment of a Debris Flow under Different
   Rainfall Condition in Wudu District, Gansu Province, Northwest China
SO WATER
DT Article
DE debris flow; geomorphological feature; hazard zonation; risk assessment
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEPOSITS; FLO-2D; BASIN
AB Debris flows induced by heavy rainfall are a major threat in Northwest and Southwest China, due to its abrupt occurrence and long runout. In light of this, this work presents the runout simulation and risk assessment of the Boshuigou debris flow under different rainfall conditions in Wudu district, Gansu Province, Northwest China. Based on field reconnaissance, the geomorphological feature and main source of the Boshuigou debris flow were described. With the application of the FLO-2D simulation, the potential flow depth and flow extent of the Boshuigou debris flow under 100-year return-period rainfall and 50-year return-period rainfall were calculated. The maximum flow velocities of the Boshuigou debris flow under the 100-year return-period rainfall and 50-year return-period rainfall were 5.46 and 5.18 m/s, respectively. Accordingly, the maximum flow depths were 5.85 and 5.57 m. Then, the hazard zonation was conducted in combination of the construction and other properties within the potential impact zone, and the risk assessment of the Boshuigou debris flow under the 100-year return-period rainfall and 50-year return-period rainfall was finally completed. This work presents a method for debris flow risk assessment considering the solid source and water flow, which can provide a basic reference for mitigation and reduction of geohazards induced by torrential rainfall.
C1 [Zhang, Shuai; Sun, Ping; Ren, Jian; Wang, Haojie] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Shuai; Sun, Ping; Ren, Jian; Wang, Haojie] Minist Nat Resources, Observat & Res Stn Geol Disaster Baoji, Baoji 721001, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Shuai; Sun, Ping; Ren, Jian; Wang, Haojie] Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Act Tecton & Geol Safety, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yanlin] Geol Survey Gansu Prov, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China;
   Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China
RP Sun, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.; Sun, P (corresponding author), Minist Nat Resources, Observat & Res Stn Geol Disaster Baoji, Baoji 721001, Peoples R China.; Sun, P (corresponding author), Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Act Tecton & Geol Safety, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM sunpingcgs@foxmail.com
TC 7
Z9 7
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-4441
PD SEP
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 17
AR 2680
DI 10.3390/w14172680
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000851713600001
ER

PT J
AU Yang, JT
   Song, C
   Yang, Y
   Xu, CD
   Guo, F
   Xie, L
AF Yang, Jintao
   Song, Chao
   Yang, Yang
   Xu, Chengdong
   Guo, Fei
   Xie, Lei
TI New method for landslide susceptibility mapping supported by spatial
   logistic regression and GeoDetector: A case study of Duwen Highway
   Basin, Sichuan Province, China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility mapping; GeoDetector; Spatial logistic
   regression; Spatial autocorrelation
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RISK ASSESSMENT; AREA; MODELS; HAZARD; REGION;
   RATIO
AB Landslides are destructive not only to property and infrastructure but also to people living in landslide-prone regions. Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) is critical for preventing and mitigating the negative impacts of land-slides. However, many previously proposed LSM modeling techniques included only the attribute information of spatial objects and ignored the spatial structural information of spatial objects, which led to suboptimal LSM. In addition, the selection of condition factors was not objective to such an extent that it may have reduced the reliability of LSM. To address these problems, a new method based on GeoDetector and a spatial logistic regression (SLR) model is proposed. GeoDetector is used to select condition factors based on the spatial distribution of landslides. The SLR model is used to make full use of the structural and attribute information of spatial objects simultaneously in LSM. The GeoDetector-SLR model is validated using data from the Duwen Highway Basin, which indudes the epicenter of the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in southwestern China. Prediction accuracy of the GeoDetector-SLR model is found to be 86.1%, which is an 11.9% improvement over the traditional logistic regression model, indicating an improved and reliable solution for evaluating landslide susceptibility. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Yang, Jintao; Song, Chao; Yang, Yang] Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Geosci & Technol, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Jintao; Song, Chao; Yang, Yang] Southwest Petr Univ, State Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploita, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Chao; Xu, Chengdong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Fei] China Three Gorges Univ, Natl Field Observat & Res Stn Landslides Three Go, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Xie, Lei] Natl Adm Surveying Mapping & Geoinformat, Topog Surveying Brigade 6, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Petroleum University; Southwest Petroleum University; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; China Three Gorges University
RP Yang, Y (corresponding author), Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Geosci & Technol, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yacoco1981@126.com
TC 130
Z9 146
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JAN 1
PY 2019
VL 324
BP 62
EP 71
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.019
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000450378100006
ER

PT J
AU Chang, M
   Liu, Y
   Zhou, C
   Che, HX
AF Chang, Ming
   Liu, Yang
   Zhou, Chao
   Che, Hongxiao
TI Hazard assessment of a catastrophic mine waste debris flow of Hou Gully,
   Shimian, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Mine waste debris flow; Hou gully; Movement process; Numerical
   simulation; Hazard assessment
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL INTENSITY; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION
   CONTROL; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SIMULATION; INITIATION; DUMPS; DAMS; AREA
AB On July 4, 2013, a substantial disastrous debris flow occurred in the Hou Gully in Shimian County, China. The Hou gully belongs to mine waste debris flow, which seriously threatens a large number of traffic facilities, factories, farmland, and residents located in the accumulation area. This paper took the Hou gully as an example and aimed to describe a typical mine waste debris flow, analyze the formation conditions, calculate the static and dynamic parameters, simulate the movement process, and evaluate the hazard. Distribution characteristics of slag were interpreted using the method of remote sensing and field investigation. FLO-2D model was chosen to simulate the movement process of debris flow in Hou gully under different recurrence period. According to the maximum momentum and maximum accumulation depth obtained by numerical calculation, the classification standard of intensity was established for mine waste debris flow. The occurrence probability and intensity of mine waste debris flow as critical factors to classify the hazard of Hou gully. The study process of this paper are conducive to a better understanding of the formation condition, movement characteristic, and hazard scope of mine waste debris flows induced by intensive rainfall. The hazard assessment map of Hou gully can provide a scientific basis for reconstruction and mitigation projects in the future.
C1 [Chang, Ming; Liu, Yang; Zhou, Chao; Che, Hongxiao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Chang, Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
   [Chang, Ming] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff, Wales.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Cardiff University
RP Chang, M (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM changming15@cdut.edu.cn
TC 42
Z9 49
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD SEP 20
PY 2020
VL 275
AR 105733
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105733
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000560722900011
ER

PT J
AU Ma, JX
   Xu, C
   Chen, J
AF Ma, Junxue
   Xu, Chong
   Chen, Jian
TI Dam-breach process simulation and risk assessment of outburst flood
   induced by the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY-REGIONAL STUDIES
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Landslide-dammed lake outburst flood (LLOF); Dam-breach
   process simulation; Flood risk assessment; Numerical model; Tangjiashan
   landslide-dammed lake (TJSLL)
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; DECISION-MAKING; DADU
   RIVER; EVOLUTION; WATER; DISCHARGE; MORAINE; EROSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY
AB Study region: This study focuses on the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake (TJSLL), located in Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China, which experienced a large outburst flood (OF) following the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. The region is characterized by complex river channels and steep terrain, which significantly influenced flood dynamics. Study focus: The research aims to establish a comprehensive numerical model combining a singledam breach model and a two-dimensional unsteady flow hydraulic model to simulate the breach process and downstream flood propagation. The study analyzes the dynamics of the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake outburst flood (LLOF), emphasizing flood characteristics, inundation extent, and the role of artificial drainage in mitigating flood impacts. New hydrological insights for the region: The results reveal that the peak discharges of the LLOF were 6610-6872 m3 /s, with an estimated uncertainty bound of 5500-8000 m3/s (mean value: 6750 m3/s), which is very close to the measured value of 6500 m3 /s. The proposed numerical simulations highlight significant variations in OF dynamics across different terrain types, with narrow sections experiencing faster flood progression and higher water depths. The importance of artificial drainage for mitigating flood severity is emphasized, and the findings underline the necessity of considering terrain heterogeneity and sediment transport in future flood risk assessments. This work provides valuable insights for emergency management of landslide-dammed lakes in similar regions.
C1 [Ma, Junxue; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Junxue; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Jian] China Univ Geosci Beijing, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences
RP Ma, JX (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM sdnj2mjx@163.com
TC 2
Z9 2
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
EI 2214-5818
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 57
AR 102164
DI 10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102164
EA JAN 2025
SC Water Resources
UT WOS:001412619700001
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   van Westen, CJ
   Xu, Q
   Gorum, T
   Dai, FC
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Xu, Qiang
   Gorum, Tolga
   Dai, Fuchu
TI Analysis of landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Wenchuan earthquake; Quake lake; Failure rate
ID FAILURE; KASHMIR; RIVER; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DISCHARGE; INCISION; HAZARD;
   FLOOD
AB Landslide dams caused by earthquakes are extremely hazardous disruptions of the flow of water and sediment in mountain rivers, capable of delivering large outburst floods that may devastate downstream areas. We analyzed a unique inventory of 828 landslide dams triggered by the M-w 7.9 2008 Wenchuan tectonic earthquake, China, constituting similar to 1.4% of the >60,000 coseismic slope failures mapped and attributed to this event. While 501 landslides blocked the rivers completely, the remainder caused only partial damming or channel diversion. The spatial distribution of landslide dams follows the same trend of that of the total landslide distribution, with landslide dams being most abundant in the steep watersheds of the hanging wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Thrust Fault, and in the northeastern part of the strike-slip fault near Qingchuan. Besides the co-seismic landslide density, the river width also played a key role in determining the landslide dam formation. Narrow rivers are more prone to be dammed than the wide rivers. The correlation between river width and landslide dam volume follows a linear relation, which can be used to roughly estimate the dam formation possibility. However, the applicability of this correlation needs to be validated in other regions. The decay (failure) rate of dams, defined here as the percentage of the number and area of landslide dams that have failed over time, shows that similar to 25% of dams accounting for similar to 30% of total landslide dam area failed one week after the earthquake. These percentages increased to similar to 60% within 1 month, and to >90% within 1 year. The geomorphometric parameters were analyzed, revealing power-law relations between landslide area and dam width, landslide source area and dam area, as well as lake area and lake volume. The inventory presented in this study will enrich the worldwide earthquake-induced landslide dam database and will also contribute to a better understanding of the post-earthquake dam decay. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, Xuanmei; van Westen, Cees J.; Gorum, Tolga] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Dai, Fuchu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Twente; Chinese Academy
   of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
EM fan21676@itc.nl
TC 128
Z9 153
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1367-9120
EI 1878-5786
PD SEP 5
PY 2012
VL 57
BP 25
EP 37
DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.06.002
SC Geology
UT WOS:000308782000005
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, SQ
   Jiang, HC
   Fan, JW
   Xu, HY
   Shi, W
   Guo, QQ
   Wei, XT
AF Zhang, Siqi
   Jiang, Hanchao
   Fan, Jiawei
   Xu, Hongyan
   Shi, Wei
   Guo, Qiaoqiao
   Wei, Xiaotong
TI Accumulation of a Last Deglacial Gravel Layer at Diexi, Eastern Tibetan
   Plateau and its Possible Seismic Significance
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE gravel layer genesis; landslide; last deglacial lacustrine sediments;
   intensity attenuation model; eastern Tibetan Plateau
ID SOFT-SEDIMENT DEFORMATION; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LACUSTRINE
   SEDIMENTS; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL RECORDS; PALEOSEISMIC RECORD; XINMO
   LANDSLIDE; MINJIANG RIVER; DAMMED LAKE; DRILL CORE; DEPOSITS
AB Tectonic and climatic process controlling gravel accumulation in tectonically active regions is the subject of active debate. In this study, the formation mechanism of a gravel layer in the Diexi lacustrine section, eastern Tibetan Plateau, was investigated using mutually validated dating methods and detailed analysis of sedimentary processes. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) C-14 dating show that the gravel layer in the Diexi section accumulated at approximately 16.79 ka BP. The sedimentary characteristics of the gravel layer and the contact between upper and lower strata indicate that the formation of the Diexi gravel layer was triggered by an earthquake rather than by a debris flow caused by torrential rain. And the result based on the intensity attenuation model are consistent with the characteristics of frequent large earthquakes in Diexi area. Detailed analysis of satellite images and sedimentary characteristics of the gravel layer provide evidence for an ancient landslide, which may be related to the gravel layer at Muer village (to the north of the Diexi section). Overall, this study reconstructs a gravel event at approximately 16.79 ka BP and has important theoretical and practical significance for understanding the formation mechanism of gravel deposits and analysing seismic events through gravel accumulation.
C1 [Zhang, Siqi; Jiang, Hanchao; Fan, Jiawei; Xu, Hongyan; Shi, Wei; Guo, Qiaoqiao; Wei, Xiaotong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Siqi] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Earth & Planetary Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Jiang, HC (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM hcjiang@ies.ac.cn
TC 10
Z9 10
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD DEC 23
PY 2021
VL 9
AR 797732
DI 10.3389/feart.2021.797732
SC Geology
UT WOS:000744981300001
ER

PT J
AU Cheng, Q
   Yang, YH
   Du, Y
AF Cheng, Qiang
   Yang, Yinghui
   Du, Yi
TI Failure mechanism and kinematics of the Tonghua landslide based on
   multidisciplinary pre- and post-failure data
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris slide; Kinematics; Moraine soil; Triggering mechanism
ID SURFACE DEFORMATION; DEBRIS-SLIDE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; SOIL-CREEP; EVOLUTION; SLOPES; CLASSIFICATION;
   PHOTOGRAMMETRY; GENERATION
AB Knowledge of kinematics is crucial for understanding landslide mechanisms and assessing hazards. However, characterizing landslide kinematics is often challenging because landslides are sudden events with spatial and temporal coverage. Combining field investigations and remote sensing, the present study reveals the kinematic features, evolution processes, and triggering mechanism of a translational debris slide (the Tonghua landslide) that occurred on August 8 of 2017 in Sichuan Province, China. Based on digital orthophoto maps and digital elevation models derived from unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, 3 years of post-failure kinematics were surveyed in detail. The landslide body experienced moderate-velocity (1.19-3.98 m/d) to slow-velocity (33.2-205.5 mm/d) sliding, eventually entering a period of very-slow-velocity (0.1-1.0 mm/d) sliding. A long-term pre-failure creeping process in the source area of the landslide was detected by interpreting interferometric synthetic aperture radar data and satellite images. At the front part of the source area, the observed deformation velocity was 15-25 mm/year between November 7, 2014 and July 30, 2017. Additionally, the source area of the landslide was found to be located on a hollow slope within a cirque catchment of similar to 67,500 m(2). This complicated topographic feature promoted groundwater infiltration and long-term slope creeping; indeed, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake may have aggravated surface cracking and soil weakening. Long-term creep of the slope caused cracking, saturation, and deformation of the soil body. Finally, seismic effects caused by tunnel blasting triggered sliding of the deformed soils.
C1 [Cheng, Qiang; Du, Yi] Sichuan Prov Highway Planning Survey Design & Res, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Yinghui] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 61005, Peoples R China.
RP Cheng, Q (corresponding author), Sichuan Prov Highway Planning Survey Design & Res, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM chengqiang@schdri.com
TC 12
Z9 15
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 12
BP 3857
EP 3874
DI 10.1007/s10346-021-01770-x
EA OCT 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000711299900001
ER

PT J
AU Ma, SY
   Xu, C
   Xu, XW
AF Ma Si-yuan
   Xu Chong
   Xu Xi-wei
TI Volume expansion rates of seismic landslides and influencing factors: A
   case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Landslide volume; Volume expansion rate; Wenchuan earthquake;
   Influencing factors
ID MOUNTAIN; MODELS; DEBRIS
AB When a big landside occurs, source material can change into loose deposit during its runout, causing the increase of the total landslide volume to some extent. Such changes can influence the quantification of seismic landslides. The objective of this paper was to study the volume expansion rate of landslides based on the data of 1417 co-seismic landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan, China M-w 7.9 earthquake. We also analyzed the correlations between this rate and landslide geometric parameters (volume, height (H), length-width ratio (L/W), length-height ratio (L/H)), and environmental factors (peak ground acceleration (PGA), lithology, slope angle and aspect). The results show that the total source volume of the 1417 landslides is 1248 million m(3), while the total volume of the deposit is 1501 million m(3), which means the total volume expanding rate (E-t) is 20.3% with the average volume expansion rate (E-a) 22.6%. The analysis indicates that volume expansion rate generally decreases with the increasing volume and height of landslides, while becoming larger with increasing L/H and L/W. Besides, the volume expansion rate is closely related to the landslide type and the volume scale of landslides. This study analyses volume change of co-seismic landslides deeply, permitting to help the correct quantification of the source volume and deposit volume of seismic landslide and a useful reference for the correct quantification of landslide volume.
C1 [Ma Si-yuan; Xu Chong; Xu Xi-wei] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu Xi-wei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM masiyuan19920806@foxmail.com; xuchong@ies.ac.cn; xiweixu@vip.sina.com
TC 7
Z9 7
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD AUG
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 8
BP 1731
EP 1742
DI 10.1007/s11629-019-5479-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000478892900001
ER

PT J
AU Li, CR
   Wang, M
   Chen, F
   Coulthard, TJ
   Wang, L
AF Li, Congrong
   Wang, Ming
   Chen, Fang
   Coulthard, Thomas J.
   Wang, Lei
TI Integrating the SLIDE model within CAESAR-Lisflood: Modeling the
   ?rainfall-landslide-flash flood? disaster chain mechanism under
   landscape evolution in a mountainous area
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE CAESAR-Lisflood model; SLIDE model; Disaster chain; Mass movement;
   Digital disaster reduction
ID INDUCED SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SYSTEMS
AB The interaction mechanism between the dynamically changing environment and the subsequent natural hazards in the years following an earthquake has been studied based on a multi-temporal remote sensing dataset and continually measured data. However, how to quantitatively model this interaction mechanism has not been fully addressed. In this study, we first modeled the interaction mechanism between the 'rainfall-landslide-flash flood' disaster chain and the dynamically changing environment in mountainous areas by incorporating the SLopeInfiltration-Distributed Equilibrium (SLIDE) model within the landscape evolution model (CAESAR-Lisflood) and then applied the integrated CAESAR-Lisflood model in a Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area. The results demonstrated that the landslide susceptibility under extreme rainfall can be predicted effectively based on the integrated CAESAR-Lisflood model and that new/enlarged landslides occur more easily in mountain valleys, near the valley outlet, and in the main steep gullies. Most of the high landslide susceptibility areas are not located in coseismic landslide areas with high vegetation recovery. The landslide legacy effects had a significant influence on the landscape erosion and deposition processes and a great effect on the spatial distribution pattern of the material redistribution in the basin, which in turn affected the subsequent disaster occurrence. The integrated CAESAR-Lisflood model compensates for the effect of the "rainfall-landslide-flash flood" disaster chain on the process of erosion and deposition, improves the model's applicability in earthquake-stricken areas, and provides scientific information for regional disaster management and reduction.
C1 [Li, Congrong; Chen, Fang; Wang, Lei] Int Res Ctr Big Data Sustainable Dev Goals, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Congrong; Chen, Fang; Wang, Lei] Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ming] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Natl Safety&Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Fang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Coulthard, Thomas J.] Univ Hull, Sch Environm Sci, Kingston Upon Hull, England.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; International Research Center of Big Data
   for Sustainable Development Goals; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Aerospace Information Research Institute, CAS; Beijing Normal
   University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy
   of Sciences, CAS; University of Hull
RP Wang, L (corresponding author), Int Res Ctr Big Data Sustainable Dev Goals, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.; Wang, L (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.; Wang, M (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Natl Safety&Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM wangming@bnu.edu.cn; wanglei@radi.ac.cn
TC 18
Z9 20
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD JUN 15
PY 2023
VL 227
AR 107124
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2023.107124
EA APR 2023
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000975166600001
ER

PT J
AU Hu, GS
   Chen, NS
   Tanoli, JI
   Liu, M
   Liu, RK
   Chen, KT
AF Hu, Gui-sheng
   Chen, Ning-sheng
   Tanoli, Javed Iqbal
   Liu, Mei
   Liu, Rong-Kun
   Chen, Kun-Ting
TI Debris flow susceptibility analysis based on the combined impacts of
   antecedent earthquakes and droughts: a case study for cascade hydropower
   stations in the upper Yangtze River, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Hydropower stations; Debris flow susceptibility; Earthquake; Drought;
   Geological Information System(GIS); Upper Yangtze River
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GIS; WEIGHTS; MODELS
AB The upper Yangtze River region is one of the most frequent debris flow areas in China. The study area contains a cascade of six large hydropower stations located along the river with total capacity of more than 70 million kilowatts. The purpose of the study was to determine potential and dynamic differences in debris flow susceptibility and intensity with regard to seasonal monsoon events. We analyzed this region's debris flow history by examining the effective peak acceleration of antecedent earthquakes, the impacts of antecedent droughts, the combined effects of earthquakes and droughts, with regard to topography, precipitation, and loose solid material conditions. Based on these factors, we developed a debris flow susceptibility map. Results indicate that the entire debris flow susceptibility area is 167,500 km(2), of which 26,800 km(2) falls within the high susceptibility area, with 60,900 km(2) in medium and 79,800 km(2) are in low susceptibility areas. Three of the six large hydropower stations are located within the areas with high risk of debris flows. The synthetic zonation map of debris flow susceptibility for the study area corresponds with both the investigation data and actual distribution of debris flows. The results of debris flow susceptibility provide base-line data for mitigating, assessing, controlling and monitoring of debris flows hazards.
C1 [Hu, Gui-sheng; Chen, Ning-sheng; Tanoli, Javed Iqbal; Liu, Mei; Chen, Kun-Ting] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Tanoli, Javed Iqbal] COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
   [Liu, Rong-Kun] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI); University System
   of Ohio; Ohio State University
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM huguisheng@imde.ac.cn; chennsh@imde.ac.cn; javedtanoli@gmail.com;
   lmeimei90@163.com; cotineliu@qq.com; kuntingchen@gmail.com
TC 10
Z9 12
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD SEP
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 9
BP 1712
EP 1727
DI 10.1007/s11629-017-4375-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000409490000004
ER

PT J
AU Dai, ZL
   Wang, FW
   Cheng, QG
   Wang, YF
   Yang, HF
   Lin, QW
   Yan, KM
   Liu, FC
   Li, K
AF Dai, Zili
   Wang, Fawu
   Cheng, Qiangong
   Wang, Yufeng
   Yang, Hufeng
   Lin, Qiweng
   Yan, Kongming
   Liu, Feicheng
   Li, Kun
TI A giant historical landslide on the eastern margin of the Tibetan
   Plateau
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Luanshibao Landslide; Tibetan Plateau; High mobility; Hummocky
   landscape; River damming
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SLOPE FAILURE; AVALANCHE; HIMALAYA; RUNOUT;
   ANGLE; SLIDE
AB The Tibetan Plateau is a landslide-prone area in Southwest China. A large-scale ancient landslide named Luanshibao Landslide on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is described in this paper, based on field investigation and satellite image interpretation. The geological setting and morphometric properties of the landslide are presented. Especially, the hummocky landscape, a prominent feature in the deposit area, is described. The total run-out distance of this landslide is 3910m and the maximum velocity is estimated to be 36.6m/s. The angle of reach is analysed as the index expressing the mobility of the landslide. Its value is about 12 degrees, indicating the high landslide mobility. Field observation shows that this landslide was most likely triggered by an earthquake, and the seismic acceleration capable to induce this landslide is estimated to be 0.36g. This landslide might have changed the course of the Litang River.
C1 [Dai, Zili; Wang, Fawu] Shimane Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 1060 Nishikawatsu Cho, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan.
   [Cheng, Qiangong; Wang, Yufeng; Yang, Hufeng; Lin, Qiweng; Yan, Kongming; Liu, Feicheng; Li, Kun] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Dept Geol Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Shimane University; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Dai, ZL (corresponding author), Shimane Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 1060 Nishikawatsu Cho, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan.
EM zili.dai@riko.shimane-u.ac.jp
TC 25
Z9 32
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD APR
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 3
BP 2055
EP 2068
DI 10.1007/s10064-017-1226-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000463751500051
ER

PT J
AU Shao, XY
   Ma, SY
   Xu, C
AF Shao, Xiaoyi
   Ma, Siyuan
   Xu, Chong
TI Hazard assessment modeling and software development of
   earthquake-triggeredlandslides in the Sichuan-Yunnan area, China
SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
DT Article
ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; REAL-TIME
   PREDICTION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; JIUZHAIGOU
   EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MINXIAN-ZHANGXIAN; FREQUENCY RATIO;
   INVENTORY
AB To enhance the timeliness and accuracy of spatial prediction of coseismic landslides, we propose an improved three-stage spatial prediction strategy and develop corresponding hazard assessment software named Mat.LShazard V1.0. Based on this software, we evaluate the applicability of this improved spatial prediction strategy in six earthquake events that have occurred near the Sichuan-Yunnan region, including the Wenchuan, Ludian, Lushan, Jiuzhaigou, Minxian, and Yushu earthquakes. The results indicate that in the first stage (immediately after the quake event), except for the 2013 Minxian earthquake, the area under the curve (AUC) values of the modeling performance are above 0.8. Among them, the AUC value of the Wenchuan earthquake is the highest, reaching 0.947. The prediction results in the first stage can meet the requirements of emergency rescue by immediately obtaining the overall predicted information of the possible coseismic landslide locations in the quake-affected area. In the second and third stages, with the improvement of landslide data quality, the prediction ability of the model based on the entire landslide database is gradually improved. Based on the entire landslide database, the AUC value of the six events exceeds 0.9, indicating a very high prediction accuracy. For the second and third stages, the predicted landslide area (Ap) is relatively consistent with the observed landslide area (Ao). However, based on the incomplete landslide data in the meizoseismal area, Ap is much smaller than Ao. When the prediction model based on complete landslide data is built, Ap is nearly identical to Ao. This study provides a new application tool for coseismic landslide disaster prevention and mitigation in different stages of emergency rescue, temporary resettlement, and late reconstruction after a major earthquake.
C1 [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Siyuan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Siyuan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 6
Z9 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1991-959X
EI 1991-9603
PD SEP 6
PY 2023
VL 16
IS 17
BP 5113
EP 5129
DI 10.5194/gmd-16-5113-2023
SC Geology
UT WOS:001161769800001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, W
   Godard, V
   Liu-Zeng, J
   Scherler, D
   Xu, C
   Zhang, JY
   Xie, KJ
   Bellier, O
   Ansberque, C
   de Sigoyer, J
AF Wang, Wei
   Godard, Vincent
   Liu-Zeng, Jing
   Scherler, Dirk
   Xu, Chong
   Zhang, Jinyu
   Xie, Kejia
   Bellier, Olivier
   Ansberque, Claire
   de Sigoyer, Julia
CA ASTER Team
TI Perturbation of fluvial sediment fluxes following the 2008 Wenchuan
   earthquake
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
DT Article
DE co-seismic landslides; Wenchuan earthquake; Longmen Shan; cosmogenic
   nuclides; fluvial processes
ID SITU-PRODUCED BE-10; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; DENUDATION
   RATES; EROSION; EXHUMATION; DEPTH
AB Quantifying the removal of co-seismic landslide material after a large-magnitude earthquake is central to our understanding of geomorphic recovery from seismic events and the topographic evolution of tectonically active mountain ranges. In order to gain more insight into the fluvial erosion response to co-seismic landslides, we focus on the sediment fluxes of rivers flowing through the rupture zone of the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Shan of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Over the post-seismic period of 2008-2013, we annually collected river sediment samples (0.25-1mm) at 19 locations and measured the concentration of cosmogenic Be-10 in quartz. When compared with published pre-earthquake data, the Be-10 concentrations declined dramatically after the earthquake at all sampling sites, but with significant spatial differences in the amplitude of this decrease, and were starting to increase toward pre-earthquake level in several basins over the 5-year survey. Our analysis shows that the amplitude of Be-10 decrease is controlled by the amount of landslides directly connected to the river network. Calculations based on Be-10 mixing budgets indicate that the sediment flux of the 0.25-1mm size fraction increased up to sixfold following the Wenchuan earthquake. Our results also suggest that fluvial erosion became supply limited shortly after the earthquake, and predict that it could take a few years to several decades for fluvial sediment fluxes to go back to pre-earthquake characteristics, depending on catchment properties. We also estimate that it will take at least decades and possibly up to thousands of years to remove the co-seismic landslide materials from the catchments in the Longmen Shan. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Wang, Wei; Liu-Zeng, Jing; Xu, Chong; Zhang, Jinyu] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Godard, Vincent; Bellier, Olivier; Ansberque, Claire; ASTER Team] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Coll France,CEREGE, Aix En Provence, France.
   [Scherler, Dirk] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany.
   [Scherler, Dirk] Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
   [Xie, Kejia] First Team Henan Prov Nonferrous Met Geol & Miner, Zhenzhou, Henan, Peoples R China.
   [de Sigoyer, Julia] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5275, ISTerre, Grenoble, France.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Institut de
   Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche
   Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite; Universite PSL; College
   de France; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German
   Research Center for Geosciences; Free University of Berlin; Communaute
   Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Centre
   National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour
   le Developpement (IRD); Universite Gustave-Eiffel; Universite Savoie
   Mont Blanc; CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy
   (INSU)
RP Wang, W (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM wangwei41178@yahoo.com
TC 58
Z9 63
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0197-9337
EI 1096-9837
PD DEC
PY 2017
VL 42
IS 15
BP 2611
EP 2622
DI 10.1002/esp.4210
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000417266000008
ER

PT J
AU Huang, H
   Wang, F
   Xiao, Y
   Li, Y
   Zhou, HL
   Chen, J
AF Huang, Huan
   Wang, Fan
   Xiao, Yi
   Li, Yuan
   Zhou, Hui-Ling
   Chen, Jing
TI To stay or to move? Investigation on residents' migration intention
   under frequent secondary disasters in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area
SO FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
DT Article
DE secondary geological disaster; Wenchuan earthquake disaster area;
   migration intention; linear probability model; profit-seeking and
   harm-avoiding
ID PLACE ATTACHMENT; IMPACT; POSTEARTHQUAKE; DISPLACEMENT; REGRESSION;
   DECISION; CITIES
AB The deterioration of the living environment caused by the earthquake is the main migration motivation of residents in the area of the secondary earthquake disaster, and their migration intention is one of the most important factors affecting residents' happiness. This paper uses 957 effective survey samples from 12 secondary geological disaster areas after the Wenchuan earthquake to research the migration intention of residents and its influencing factors. It can be found that 45.2% of residents are willing to migrate, which means they have an instinctive reaction to profit-seeking and harm-avoiding, but it has not become a realistic choice. Investigation facts and research results show that the instinctive response of profit-seeking and harm-avoiding drives residents to make different choices. The migration of residents in areas where secondary geological disasters occur is affected not only by disasters such as debris flow, landslides, and collapse, but also by many factors such as life convenience, family income, expectations for future life, gender, education level, psychological feeling. The improved life and the optimization of the economic conditions brought about by the success of post-disaster reconstruction have made the vast majority of people more confident in the future of the disaster-stricken areas, which made most people choose to stay in those areas. This paper will provide policy suggestions for residents' migration and the reconstruction of the local social governance system in secondary geological disaster areas, which is helpful to improve ecological livability and residents' happiness in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area.
C1 [Huang, Huan] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Business, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Huan] Yangtze River Econ Zone Res Inst RUC, Yibin, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Huan] Chengdu Univ Technol, Digital Hu Huanyong Line Res Inst, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Fan] Southwestern Univ Finance & Econ, Res Inst Econ & Management, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Xiao, Yi] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yuan] Sichuan Univ, Coll Econ, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Hui-Ling] Tianfu Coll SWUFE, Sch Accountancy, Mianyang, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Jing] Tianfu Coll SWUFE, Sch Architectural & Engn, Mianyang, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China; Chengdu
   University of Technology; Sichuan University
RP Xiao, Y (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM benbenyi93@163.com
TC 12
Z9 16
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-2565
PD AUG 1
PY 2022
VL 10
AR 920233
DI 10.3389/fpubh.2022.920233
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
UT WOS:000840761900001
ER

PT J
AU Parker, RN
   Densmore, AL
   Rosser, NJ
   de Michele, M
   Li, Y
   Huang, RQ
   Whadcoat, S
   Petley, DN
AF Parker, Robert N.
   Densmore, Alexander L.
   Rosser, Nicholas J.
   de Michele, Marcello
   Li, Yong
   Huang, Runqiu
   Whadcoat, Siobhan
   Petley, David N.
TI Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than
   orogenic growth
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
DT Article
ID MOUNTAIN BELT; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SEDIMENT; EROSION; EVOLUTION; SLIP
AB Shallow earthquakes are the primary driver of rock uplift in mountain ranges(1). However, large shallow earthquakes also trigger widespread, coseismic landslides that cause significant but spatially heterogeneous erosion(2-4). The interplay between rock uplift and the distribution and magnitudes of coseismic landslides thus raises a fundamental question as to whether large earthquakes and their associated landslides create or destroy mountainous topography. The 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China triggered more than 56,000 landslides(5), with a spatial distribution that was only partly related to the pattern of tectonic deformation(6). Here we examine the potential changes in orogen volume using landslide area-volume scaling relationships(4,7) applied to high-resolution satellite imagery. We estimate that coseismic landsliding produced similar to 5-15 km(3) of erodible material, greater than the net volume of 2.6 +/- 1.2 km(3) added to the orogen by coseismic rock uplift(8). This discrepancy indicates that, even if only a fraction of the landslide debris is removed from the orogen over the likely similar to 2000-4000 yr earthquake return period(6), the Wenchuan earthquake will lead to a net material deficit in the Longmen Shan. Our result challenges the widely held notion that large dip-slip or oblique-slip earthquakes build mountainous topography, and invites more careful consideration of the relationships between coseismic slip, mass wasting and relief generation.
C1 [Parker, Robert N.; Densmore, Alexander L.; Rosser, Nicholas J.; Whadcoat, Siobhan; Petley, David N.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Parker, Robert N.; Densmore, Alexander L.; Rosser, Nicholas J.; Whadcoat, Siobhan; Petley, David N.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [de Michele, Marcello] Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, Nat Risks Div, F-45060 Orleans 2, France.
   [Li, Yong; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan Prov, Peoples R China.
C3 Durham University; Durham University; Bureau de Recherches Geologiques
   et Minieres (BRGM); Chengdu University of Technology
RP Parker, RN (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
EM a.l.densmore@dur.ac.uk
TC 432
Z9 496
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
EI 1752-0908
PD JUL
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 7
BP 449
EP 452
DI 10.1038/NGEO1154
SC Geology
UT WOS:000292241900016
ER

PT J
AU Chen, G
   Meng, XM
   Qiao, L
   Zhang, Y
   Wang, SY
AF Chen, Guan
   Meng, Xingmin
   Qiao, Liang
   Zhang, Yi
   Wang, Siyuan
TI Response of a loess landslide to rainfall: observations from a field
   artificial rainfall experiment in Bailong River Basin, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Artificial rainfall; Loess landslide; Preferential flow; Shear dilation;
   Bailong River Basin
ID PORE-PRESSURE GENERATION; 1920 HAIYUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS-FLOW; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE-MECHANISM; SOIL SLOPE; DEFORMATION; MODEL; SHEAR;
   INFILTRATION
AB Rainfall-induced landslides are a significant hazard in many areas of loess-covered terrain in Northwest China. To investigate the response of a loess landslide to rainfall, a series of artificial rainfall experiments were conducted on a natural loess slope, located in the Bailong River Basin, in southern Gansu Province. The slope was instrumented to measure surface runoff, pore water pressure, soil water content, earth pressure, displacement, and rainfall. The hydrological response was also characterized by time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography. The results show that most of the rainfall infiltrated into the loess landslide, and that the pore water pressure and water content responded rapidly to simulated rainfall events. This indicates that rainfall infiltration on the loess landslide was significantly affected by preferential flow through fissures and macropores. Different patterns of pore water pressure and water content variations were determined by the antecedent soil moisture conditions, and by the balance between water recharge and drainage in the corresponding sections. We observed three stages of changing pore water pressure and displacement within the loess landslide during the artificial rainfall events: Increases in pore water pressure initiated movement on the slope, acceleration in movement resulting in a rapid decrease in pore water pressure, and attainment of a steady state. We infer that a negative pore water pressure feedback process may have occurred in response to shear-induced dilation of material as the slope movement accelerated. The process of shear dilatant strengthening may explain the phenomenon of semi-continuous movement of the loess landslide. Shear dilatant strengthening, caused by intermittent or continuous rainfall over long periods, can occur without triggering rapid slope failure.
C1 [Chen, Guan; Meng, Xingmin; Qiao, Liang; Zhang, Yi; Wang, Siyuan] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab West Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Guan; Meng, Xingmin; Qiao, Liang; Zhang, Yi; Wang, Siyuan] Lanzhou Univ, Gansu Environm Geol & Geohazards Engn Res Ctr, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University
RP Meng, XM (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Gansu Environm Geol & Geohazards Engn Res Ctr, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
EM xmmeng@lzu.edu.cn
TC 77
Z9 87
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAY
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 5
BP 895
EP 911
DI 10.1007/s10346-017-0924-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000431308800005
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, JQ
   Cui, P
   Ge, YG
   Xiang, LZ
AF Zhang, Jianqiang
   Cui, Peng
   Ge, Yonggang
   Xiang, Lingzhi
TI Susceptibility and risk assessment of earthquake-induced landslides
   based on Landslide Response Units in the Subao River basin, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Landslide Response Unit; Logistic regression;
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HAZARD; MODELS
AB Generally, pixels are the basic unit for assessment of landslide susceptibility. However, even if the results facilitate the comparison, a pixel-based analysis does not clearly illustrate the distribution relationships. To eliminate this deficiency, the concept of the Landslide Response Unit (LRU) is proposed in this study, for which adjacent pixels that have similar properties are combined as a basic unit for susceptibility assessment. The Subao River basin, seriously impacted by the Wenchuan Earthquake, was selected as the study area, and three factors including slope gradient, slope aspect, and slope shape, which have a significant impact on landslides, were chosen to divide the basin into 25,984 LRUs. Then topographic, geologic, and distance factors were applied for the landslide susceptibility evaluation. The logistic regression method was used to establish the susceptibility assessing model by analyzing 2,000 susceptible LRUs and 2,000 un-susceptible LRUs. The model accuracy was defined in terms of the ROC curve value and the kappa value, 0.531 and 0.84, respectively. The susceptibility of landslides was divided into low, moderate, high, and very high in Subao River basin, and 73% of historical landslides and all four new landslides are in the highly susceptible zone and very highly susceptible zones. Finally, the LRUs with houses, farmlands, and roads prone to sliding and burial hazard were assessed separately. On the basis of considering the potential movement directions of the LRUs, the result found that 1,001 and 835 LRUs probably would be destroyed by slope sliding and landslide burial, respectively.
C1 [Zhang, Jianqiang; Cui, Peng; Ge, Yonggang; Xiang, Lingzhi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Jianqiang; Xiang, Lingzhi] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 4
Z9 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 65
IS 4
SI SI
BP 1037
EP 1047
DI 10.1007/s12665-011-1002-3
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000299840100010
ER

PT J
AU Xiao, Y
   Tang, X
   Li, Y
   Huang, H
   An, BW
AF Xiao, Yi
   Tang, Xiao
   Li, Yuan
   Huang, Huan
   An, Bo -Wen
TI Social vulnerability assessment of landslide disaster based on improved
   TOPSIS method: Case study of eleven small towns in China
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
DT Article
DE Social vulnerability; Small towns; Landslide disaster areas; Improved
   TOPSIS method; Risk perception; Social structure
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEISMIC RISK; RECOVERY; PREDICTION;
   HOUSEHOLDS; COMMUNITY; SICHUAN; COUNTY; MODEL
AB There are few studies on the social vulnerability of small towns in landslide disaster areas. The occurrence of geological disasters will directly threaten the local socioeconomic growth, it is particularly important to identify vulnerable areas and populations by using the social vulnerability index system. Eleven small towns of landslide areas after Wenchuan earthquake were taken as examples, based on 863 questionnaires and statistical data, this study established a new comprehensive evaluation index system of social vulnerability evaluation in landslide areas, and conducted quantitative evaluation by using the improved TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) model, the social vulnerability index was adopted to compare, classify and rank the social vulnerability levels in townships. The empirical results indicate that the social vulnerability showed the characteristics of regional heterogeneity, most towns showed a high or medium level of social vulnerability. Only Yingxiu showed a low level of social vulnerability, Shuimo presented the highest evaluation score of social vulnerability in eleven towns, the inter-group difference between these two towns is 0.286. Risk perception is an important factor affecting social vulnerability in landslide areas, involving disaster awareness, disaster cognitive approach, and community publicity. Additionally, social structure is another key factor affecting these areas based on the scores of the top three areas with the highest social vulnerability, including disaster prevention facilities, residents' income, and infrastructure accessibility. The index system can evaluate the social vulnera-bility scientifically in landslide areas, it can be used for urban disaster management and socioeconomic devel-opment in geological disaster areas.
C1 [Xiao, Yi] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Xiao] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Tourism & Urban & Rural Planning, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yuan] Sichuan Univ, Coll Econ, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Huan] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Business, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Huan] Chengdu Univ Technol, Digital Hu Huanyong Line Res Inst, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Huan] Yangtze River Econ Zone Res Inst RUC, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [An, Bo -Wen] Huaqiao Univ, Coll Econ & Finance, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Sichuan University; Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University
   of Technology; Huaqiao University
RP Huang, H (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Business, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM huan@cdut.edu.cn
TC 40
Z9 42
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1470-160X
EI 1872-7034
PD OCT
PY 2022
VL 143
AR 109316
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109316
EA AUG 2022
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000873987200004
ER

PT J
AU Wang, GH
   Huang, RQ
   Kamai, T
   Zhang, FY
AF Wang, Gonghui
   Huang, Runqiu
   Kamai, Toshitaka
   Zhang, Fanyu
TI The internal structure of a rockslide dam induced by the 2008 Wenchuan
   (Mw7.9) earthquake, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; Internal structure; Stability
   of landslide dam; Grain size distribution
ID LANDSLIDE DAMS
AB The internal structure of landslide dams plays a key role in their stability; however, it has not been much studied, probably due to the difficulty in obtaining information on internal structure in most cases. Here, we examined the shear-wave-velocity structure of a rockslide dam by a surface-wave technique called multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). During the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M(w)7.9), more than 60,000 landslides were triggered and 800 landslide dams formed. Those dams with a high risk of collapse threatened rescue activities, and almost all of the large landslide dams were treated by digging a sluiceway immediately after the earthquake. Although the risk of collapse of many landslide dams was removed or lowered, not all of the countermeasures were based on well controlled methods. To analyze the internal of landslide dams to assist in carrying out reliable countermeasures, we made detailed investigations on some of the dams, and here describe one landslide dam that occurred in the Tianchi area. Grain-size analysis revealed that the displaced landslide materials experienced fragmentation and segregation during the long movement The shear-wave-velocity profile of the dam revealed that the dam consisted of three fades (carapace, body and basal fades). The boundary between facies is distinct. The body facies had a greater shear-wave velocity (compared to those landside dams that had suffered collapse failure during the construction of a sluiceway), showing that the dam consisted of more densely deposited materials. This kind of dam body had a lower permeability, capable of retarding seepage that triggers collapse failure of the dam body due to piping. Big blocks on the surface also enabled the dam body to have greater resistance to overflow and thus reducing possible collapse failure in the immediate aftermath of overtopping. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Gonghui; Kamai, Toshitaka; Zhang, Fanyu] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Res Ctr Landslides, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
   [Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Kyoto University; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Wang, GH (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Res Ctr Landslides, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
EM wanggh@landslide.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
TC 37
Z9 43
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD APR 1
PY 2013
VL 156
BP 28
EP 36
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.01.004
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000317872500004
ER

PT J
AU Wang, GH
   Huang, RQ
   Chigira, M
   Wu, XY
   Lourenço, SDN
AF Wang, Gonghui
   Huang, Runqiu
   Chigira, Masahiro
   Wu, Xiyong
   Lourenco, Sergio D. N.
TI Landslide Amplification by Liquefaction of Runout-Path Material after
   the 2008 Wenchuan (M 8.0) Earthquake, China
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; flow-type landslide; liquefaction; undrained shear
   tests; colluvium deposits
ID SHEAR TESTS; ROCK AVALANCHE
AB Here, we propose that an earthquake can trigger the failure of a landslide mass while simultaneously triggering liquefaction of runout-path materials before the arrival of the landslide mass, thus greatly increasing the size and mobility of an overriding landslide. During the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, about 60 000 landslides were triggered, directly resulting in about 20 000 casualties. While these landslides mainly originated from steep slopes, some landslides with high mobility formed in colluvial valley deposits. Among these, the most catastrophic was the Xiejiadian landslide in Pengzhou city, which traveled hundreds of meters before coming to rest. Through field investigation and laboratory testing, we conclude that this landslide primarily formed from colluvial deposits in the valley and secondarily from failure of slopes in granitic rock located uphill. Much of the granitic slope failure was deposited in the upper part of the travel path (near the slide head); the remainder was dispersed throughout the main landslide deposit. Superposition of deposits at the landslide toe indicates that landslide debris derived from colluvial soil was deposited first. The deposits at the landslide toe displayed flow characteristics, such as fine materials comprising basal layers and large boulders covering the deposit surface. We hypothesize that the main part of the landslide resulted from seismogenic liquefaction of valley colluvium, rather than from liquefaction potentially caused by undrained loading from the granitic slope failures impacting the colluvium. To examine the likelihood that seismogenic liquefaction occurred, we took samples from different areas of the landslide deposit and performed undrained cyclic shear tests on them in the laboratory. The results showed that the sandy soils that comprise most of the deposit are highly liquefiable under seismic loading. Therefore, we conclude that liquefaction of the colluvium in the valley during the earthquake was the main reason for this rapid (similar to 46 m/s) long-runout (1 center dot 7 km) landslide. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Res Ctr Landslides, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji 6110011, Japan.
   [Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Chigira, Masahiro] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji 6110011, Japan.
   [Wu, Xiyong] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Lourenco, Sergio D. N.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales.
C3 Kyoto University; Chengdu University of Technology; Kyoto University;
   Southwest Jiaotong University; Cardiff University
RP Wang, GH (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Res Ctr Landslides, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji 6110011, Japan.
EM wanggh@landslide.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
TC 45
Z9 53
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0197-9337
EI 1096-9837
PD MAR
PY 2013
VL 38
IS 3
BP 265
EP 274
DI 10.1002/esp.3277
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000315893200004
ER

PT J
AU Chen, JG
   Chen, XQ
   Li, Y
   Wang, F
AF Chen, Jiangang
   Chen, Xiaoqing
   Li, Yun
   Wang, Fei
TI An experimental study of dilute debris flow characteristics in a
   drainage channel with an energy dissipation structure
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Drainage channel; Energy dissipation structure; Geological
   disaster
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; AUGUST 2010; LANDSLIDES;
   PROVINCE; FAILURES; IMPACTS; TORRENT; ZHOUQU; DAMAGE
AB An experimental study was performed to determine the characteristics of a dilute debris flow in a drainage channel with an energy dissipation structure and a channel slope i of 15%. Flow pattern, debris flow depth, and velocity downstream of the energy dissipation structure were investigated along with the energy dissipation characteristics. Dilute debris flow velocity and depth were measured, analyzed, and subsequently used to characterize the dilute debris flow. The flow pattern in the drainage channel indicated that the dilute debris flow was highly turbulent and that flow depth initially increased. However, this increase was followed by a noticeable decrease after passing through the energy dissipation structure. The experimental results also indicated that the debris flow velocity gradually decreased as the length of the energy dissipation structure increased, whereas flow depth gradually increased with increasing length of the energy dissipation structure. Velocity characteristics and depths of the dilute debris flow downstream of the energy dissipation structure were also affected to some extent by variations in the width of the energy dissipation structure. The energy dissipation ratio gradually increased with increasing length and width of the energy dissipation structure for i = 15%, and the maximum energy dissipation ratio was approximately 58.69%. These experimental results provide a theoretical foundation for optimal design of drainage channels with energy dissipation structures. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Chen, XQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, 9,Block 4,Renminnanlu Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM xqchen@imde.ac.cn
TC 28
Z9 33
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JUL 2
PY 2015
VL 193
BP 224
EP 230
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.05.004
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000357350000018
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, T
   Crosta, GB
AF Zhao, Tao
   Crosta, Giovanni Battista
TI On the Dynamic Fragmentation and Lubrication of Coseismic Landslides
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
DT Article
DE discrete element method; coseismic landslide; dynamic fragmentation;
   lubrication; granular temperature; shear layer
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ACOUSTIC FLUIDIZATION; PARTICLE MODEL; ROCK;
   DEBRIS; AVALANCHES; RAINFALL; MOBILITY; SLOPE; DAMS
AB The three-dimensional discrete element method has been employed to analyze the dynamic fragmentation and lubrication mechanisms of coseismic Tangjiashan landslide induced by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The numerical results show that the internal rock damage occurs and propagates gradually along the basal failure plane due to seismic shaking. At the peak seismic shaking, a sudden increase of tensile and shear stresses can lead to the complete breakage of basal bonds. This is associated with a sudden relief of overburden stress and rapid decrease of basal stress ratio. Thus, the slope fails as a whole and moves quickly downslope. In this process, several large transversal cracks develop at the middle and upper rear regions, disintegrating the slope mass into several large blocks. During landslide propagation, the thickness of basal fragmented layer increases progressively due to intense shearing, and the basal stress ratio reduces accordingly from 0.68 to 0.28. The reduction of landslide basal stress ratio occurs when the strong basal resistance is overcome by seismic- and gravity-induced shear forces together with intense particle rearrangements. It can be quantified by vibrational and rotational granular temperatures of the basal shear layer, with the peak values of 35.2 and 11.6m(2)/s(2), respectively. The widespread internal slope fragmentation and subsequent lubrication have been identified as the key mechanisms governing landslide motion, which appear to be the intrinsic features of landslide irrespective of its triggering mechanism. The seismic shaking is more relevant to the detachment than to the spreading of landslide mass.
C1 [Zhao, Tao] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Tao] Brunel Univ London, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, England.
   [Crosta, Giovanni Battista] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Milan, Italy.
C3 Sichuan University; Brunel University; University of Milano-Bicocca
RP Zhao, T (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Zhao, T (corresponding author), Brunel Univ London, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, England.
EM zhaotao@scu.edu.cn
TC 43
Z9 48
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
PD NOV
PY 2018
VL 123
IS 11
BP 9914
EP 9932
DI 10.1029/2018JB016378
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000454775200048
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Yao, Q
   Wang, YY
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Yao, Qi
   Wang, Yanying
TI GIS-based bivariate statistical modelling for earthquake-triggered
   landslides susceptibility mapping related to the 2008 Wenchuan
   earthquake, China
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY
DT Article
ID SPATIAL PREDICTION MODELS; BHAGIRATHI GANGA VALLEY; SUPPORT VECTOR
   MACHINE; ROCK SLOPE STABILITY; HAZARD ZONATION; WEIGHTS; AREA; TURKEY;
   INSTABILITY; KOYULHISAR
AB The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the modelling capability and predictive power of a bivariate statistical method for earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility mapping. A weight index (W-i) model was developed for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake region in Sichuan Province, China, using a wide range of optical remote sensing data, and carried out on the basis of a geographic information system (GIS) platform. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered 196007 landslides, with a total area of 1150.43 km(2), in an approximately oblong area around the Yingxiu-Beichuan coseismic surface fault-rupture (the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault). The landslides of the study area were mapped using visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite images and aerial photographs, both pre-and post-earthquake, and checked in the field at various locations. As a consequence, a nearly complete inventory of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake was constructed. Topographic and geological data and earthquake-related information were collected, processed and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing technologies. A total of 10 controlling parameters associated with the earthquake-triggered landslides were selected, including elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, slope curvature, slope position, lithology, seismic intensity, peak ground acceleration (PGA), distance from the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, and distance along this fault. To assist with the development of the model, the complete dataset of 196007 landslides was randomly partitioned into two subsets; a training dataset, which contains 70% of the data (137204 landslides, with a total area of 809.96 km(2)), and a testing dataset accounting for 30% of the data (58803 landslides, with a total area of 340.47 km(2)). A landslide susceptibility index map was generated using the training dataset, the 10 impact factors, and the W-i model. In addition, for a conditionally dependent factor analysis, seven other factor-combination cases were also used to construct landslide susceptibility index maps. Finally, these eight landslide susceptibility maps were compared with the training data and testing data to obtain model capability (success rate) and predictive power (predictive rate) information. The validation results show that the success and predictive rates of the W-i modelling exceeded 90% for the approaches that include the use of seismic factors. The final landslide susceptibility map can be used to identify and delineate unstable susceptibility-prone areas, and help planners to choose favourable locations for development schemes, such as infrastructure, construction and environmental protection schemes. The generic component of this research would allow application in other regions affected by high-intensity earthquakes and unstable terrain covering very large areas.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Yao, Qi] China Earthquake Networks Ctr, Beijing 100045, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yanying] NE Normal Univ, Sch Urban & Environm Sci, Changchun 130024, Jilin, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; China Earthquake Networks Center, CEA;
   Northeast Normal University - China
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xuchong@ies.ac.cn
TC 59
Z9 82
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE
PI BATH
PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON,
   ENGLAND
SN 1470-9236
EI 2041-4803
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 46
IS 2
BP 221
EP 236
DI 10.1144/qjegh2012-006
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000319199400009
ER

PT J
AU Cui, SH
   Yang, QW
   Pei, XJ
   Huang, RQ
   Guo, B
   Zhang, WF
AF Cui, Shenghua
   Yang, Qingwen
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Huang, Runqiu
   Guo, Bin
   Zhang, Weifeng
TI Geological and morphological study of the Daguangbao landslide triggered
   by the Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide initiation; Co-seismic; Daguangbao landslide; Pore water
   pressure; Tibet Plateau
ID BRITTLE ROCK FRACTURE; SLOPE-FAILURE; EVOLUTION; SLIDE; BELT
AB Landslides are one of the most significant geomorphic processes in mountainous regions. Recently, a gigantic landslide (Daguangbao (DGB) landslide) with a volume of 1.2 x 10(9) m(3) was triggered by the Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, and has attracted widespread attention. This landslide (28 degrees 38'16.93 '' E, 104 degrees 06'02.35 '' N) is located 85 km north-northeast (NNE) of the epicenter and on the hanging wall side, 4 km away from the surface rupture zone of the earthquake. Our long-term(2008 - present) study, which includes topographic interpretation and geological and geomorphological investigations, allows us to define the geological model of the DGB landslide and estimate the initiation and traveling mechanisms. The topography was studied by using high-resolution digital elevation models. Arial images and abundant photos at different scales are used to performed geomorphological analysis. The geology in the landslide area was studied by exploratory trenches, a tunnel, and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). The results show that the mass movement destabilized a folded slope along a deep-seated (average depth of 400 m) bedding fault developed in the dolomite of the Sinian Formation. The morphology of the landslide main scarp is characterized by steep (55-75 degrees) and high (up to 730 m) release surfaces, resulting from the linkage of three joint sets. An excess pore-water pressure-dependent loss of shear strength at the basal layer during the earthquake is assumed to have favored landslide initiation. An internal shear running subparallel to the stratification surface is confirmed to have dominated the longitudinal mobility of the landslide and driven landslide mass thrusting to a height of 500 m on the slopes on the other side of the valley. The DGB landslide, as a transient destabilization and morphogenesis event, has largely contributed to erosion in the study area. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cui, Shenghua; Yang, Qingwen; Pei, Xiangjun; Huang, Runqiu; Guo, Bin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Shenghua] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
   [Zhang, Weifeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, 9,Block 4,South Renmin Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Kyoto University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Yang, QW (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM cuishenghua18@cdut.edu.cn; yangqingwen1991@outlook.com;
   peixj0119@tom.com; hrq@cdut.edu.cn
TC 33
Z9 41
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD DEC 1
PY 2020
VL 370
AR 107394
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107394
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000589917200001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, JG
   Chen, XQ
   Chen, HY
   Zhao, WY
AF Chen Jian-gang
   Chen Xiao-qing
   Chen Hua-yong
   Zhao Wan-yu
TI Characteristics of viscous debris flow in a drainage channel with an
   energy dissipation structure
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Drainage channel; Energy dissipation structure; Geological
   disaster
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES; MITIGATION;
   TORRENT; DAMAGE
AB A new type of drainage channel with an energy dissipation structure has been proposed based on previous engineering experiences and practical requirements for hazard mitigation in earthquakeaffected areas. Experimental studies were performed to determine the characteristics of viscous debris flow in a drainage channel of this type with a slope of 15%. The velocity and depth of the viscous debris flow were measured, processed, and subsequently used to characterize the viscous debris flow in the drainage channel. Observations of this experiment showed that the surface of the viscous debris flow in a smooth drainage channel was smoother than that of a similar debris flow passing through the energy dissipation section in a channel of the new type studied here. However, the flow patterns in the two types of channels were similar at other points. These experimental results show that the depth of the viscous debris flow downstream of the energy dissipation structure increased gradually with the length of the energy dissipation structure. In addition, in the smooth channel, the viscous debris-flow velocity downstream of the energy dissipation structure decreased gradually with the length of the energy dissipation structure. Furthermore, the viscous debris-flow depth and velocity were slightly affected by variations in the width of the energy dissipation structure when the channel slope was 15%. Finally, the energy dissipation ratio increased gradually as the length and width of the energy dissipation structure increased; the maximum energy dissipation ratio observed was 62.9% (where B = 0.6 m and L/w = 6.0).
C1 [Chen Jian-gang; Chen Xiao-qing; Chen Hua-yong; Zhao Wan-yu] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Xiao-qing] CAS, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS
RP Chen, JG; Chen, XQ; Chen, HY; Zhao, WY (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Chen, XQ (corresponding author), CAS, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
EM chenjg@imde.ac.cn; xqchen@imde.ac.cn; hychen@imde.ac.cn;
   wyzhao@imde.ac.cn
TC 15
Z9 17
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD FEB
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 2
BP 223
EP 233
DI 10.1007/s11629-014-3290-z
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000370161700004
ER

PT J
AU Cui, P
   Lin, YM
   Chen, C
AF Cui, Peng
   Lin, Yong-ming
   Chen, Can
TI Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental
   impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas
SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Geo-hazards; Vegetation destruction; Restoration
   and reconstruction; Environmental impacts
ID RECOVERY; SUCCESSION
AB Geo-hazards induced by earthquakes have caused ecosystem degradation and vegetation destruction. Little, however, is known about the consequences of geo-hazards due to a lack of research data. We have undertaken a study in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area of China in order to identify and characterize vegetation destruction and its consequent environmental impact. The Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008 induced numerous geo-hazards (including rock avalanches, landslides, landslide-dammed lakes and debris flows) that caused vegetation destruction up to 1249.5 km(2), of which shrub comprised the largest proportional area with 338.559 km(2). The vegetation coverage decreased by 4.76% in 9 severely damaged cities and counties and by 12.37% in the Subao river, Beichuan county. Rock avalanches and landslides were the most common destructive types, resulting in 98.73% of all types of geo-hazards, whereas debris flows and landslide-dammed lakes accounted for 1.27%. Vegetation destruction was distributed along both sides of rivers causing erosion, formation of debris flows and landslides. Hydrologic progress was changed and hydrological adjusting function diminished due to vegetation deterioration resulting in bare rock (infiltration reduced, runoff increased and flow concentration expedited) and deposit region (infiltration increased and runoff reduced) in catchment. Soil erosion was intensified causing increased sediment transportation of rivers, decreased storage capacities of reservoirs downstream, a significantly increased area that has suffered severe erosion and aggravated magnitude and damage capability of debris flows and landslides. Ecosystem function declined and vegetation restoration and reconstruction was difficult due to co-degradation of vegetation-soil system in the earthquake-affected areas. Finally, we summarized the challenges faced in the future for vegetation restoration and reconstruction. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Lin, Yong-ming; Chen, Can] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 126
Z9 138
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-8574
EI 1872-6992
PD JUL
PY 2012
VL 44
BP 61
EP 69
DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.03.012
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering
UT WOS:000305443100008
ER

PT J
AU Wu, SR
   Shi, JS
   Wang, HB
AF Wu, S. R.
   Shi, J. S.
   Wang, H. B.
TI Analysis of activity intensity for landslides triggered by the Wenchuan
   earthquake, Sichuan Province, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Earthquake-triggered landslide; Maximum areal density; Activity
   intensity; Indicator of geohazard; Wenchuan earthquake
AB Activity intensity for swarms of landslides is a key issue in geohazard predictions and assessment at a regional scale. From reviewed literatures, little work has been carried out on the description of activity intensity and its evaluation indicator system. On May, 12, 2008, the great Wenchuan earthquake triggered numerous landslides and debris flows. To evaluate the activity intensity of coseismic landslides, a variety of regional slides, debris flows and rock falls was investigated concerning the geological characteristics, damage to property, and life loss. After the interpretation using high-resolution imagery to map landslide inventories, they were statistically analyzed within the scope of Geographical Information Systems, noting areal density. The maximum areal density was thus obtained for seismically triggered landslides. Combined analyses in these areas show that the maximum value of areal density can be described as the activity intensity of regional landslides. The activity intensity can be categorized into eight levels from zero to seven in terms of areal density of landslides. It was noted that the activity intensity for landslides in the area hit by Wenchuan earthquake was classified into Level 7, illustrating that this area was extremely damaged by these coseismic geohazards. Following this classification, the center of the highest intensity was located on the banks of the Minjiang River near the epicenter of the earthquake, and in the vicinity of a seismic fault at Hanwang Town of Mianzhu City. Meanwhile, the banks of the Jian River and the northeast river at Nanba Town in Pingwu County were classified into Level 6. It was significantly shown that the activity intensity obviously weakens from the boundary of a coseismic fault zone to its interior. Finally, causes of triggering large numbers of landslides were interpreted, and their regional distribution was analyzed for the earthquake event.
C1 [Wang, H. B.] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Hubei Key Lab Control Struct, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, H. B.] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Mech, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, S. R.; Shi, J. S.] Geomech Inst China Geol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, S. R.; Shi, J. S.] Minist Land & Resources, Key Lab Neotecton & Geohazards, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Huazhong University of
   Science & Technology; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's
   Republic of China
RP Wang, HB (corresponding author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Hubei Key Lab Control Struct, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
EM huabin@mail.hust.edu.cn
TC 7
Z9 7
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 65
IS 4
SI SI
BP 1021
EP 1028
DI 10.1007/s12665-011-0952-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000299840100008
ER

PT J
AU Sun, H
   You, Y
   Liu, JF
   Zhang, GZ
   Feng, T
   Wang, D
AF Sun, Hao
   You, Yong
   Liu, Jinfeng
   Zhang, Guangze
   Feng, Tao
   Wang, Dong
TI Experimental study on discharge process regulation to debris flow with
   open-type check dams
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Open-type check dams; Process regulation; Temporary
   blocking
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SLIT DAM; MITIGATION; BARRIER; TESTS; PERFORMANCE;
   EFFICIENCY; SEDIMENT; MODEL
AB Open-type check dams are widely used to mitigate debris-flow hazards in mountainous areas. However, the regulation function of dams is a non-trivial and still open issue. With the aim to better understand the process regulation of open-type check dam against debris flow, in this study, a series of specially designed flume experiments are conducted as well as contrast tests of closed-type dam. The effects of the debris-flow bulk density, opening form, and dam size are considered. Analysis of the flow patterns, discharge process, peak discharge, and flow duration give an insight into regulating detail. Results reveal that the regulation characteristics depend on the blocking performance of open structure. There are differences in the debris-flow hydrography after passing through an open-type or closed-type dam, and the temporary blocking phenomenon is found to play an important role in regulating the discharge process. Moreover, open-type dams produce a reduction and time lag in the peak discharge, and more effectively regulate the travel time of debris flow downstream than closed-type dam. The reduction ratio of peak discharge for narrow openings is similar to that of closed-type dam and decreases as the relative opening becomes wider. Finally, based on these regulation characteristics, the application of open-type dams for a novel form of debris flow mitigation is discussed from the perspective of balancing interception and regulation of sediment.
C1 [Sun, Hao; You, Yong; Liu, Jinfeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, 9 Block 4,Renminnanlu Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Sun, Hao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Guangze; Feng, Tao; Wang, Dong] China Railway Eryuan Engn Grp Co LTD, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP You, Y (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, 9 Block 4,Renminnanlu Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM sunhao@imde.ac.cn; yyong@imde.ac.cn; liujf@imde.ac.cn; zgz1967@126.com;
   88994680@qq.com; wangdong13@ey.crec.cn
TC 31
Z9 32
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAR
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 3
BP 967
EP 978
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01535-y
EA SEP 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000571674100001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Zhang, LM
   Li, XY
   Xu, Q
AF Zhang, Shuai
   Zhang, Limin
   Li, Xueyou
   Xu, Qiang
TI Physical vulnerability models for assessing building damage by debris
   flows
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Landslides; Risk analysis; Vulnerability; Earthquake;
   Building damage
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RUNOUT CHARACTERISTICS; RELIABILITY-ANALYSIS;
   RISK-ASSESSMENT; AUGUST 2010; LANDSLIDES; HAZARD; EVOLUTION; EPICENTER;
   PROVINCE
AB A catastrophic debris flow occurred in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, Northwestern China, at midnight on 7 August 2010, resulting in damage to > 390 buildings. Assessment of the vulnerability of buildings to debris flow hazards is essential to quantify the risk of debris flows. This paper presents a new family of physical vulnerability curves to assess the damage to buildings by debris flows based on extensive observed data of building damage and simulated debris flow intensity. A database of damaged buildings in the affected area of the Zhouqu debris flow was reconstructed. Numerical simulations using FLO-2D were conducted to determine the intensity of debris flows. A series of physical vulnerability empirical models for assessing the building damage has been proposed using various hazard intensity measures. Since buildings of different structural types have different resistances to debris flows, the vulnerability functions were developed for two typical types of structures, i.e. brick-concrete structures and reinforced concrete-frame structures. The proposed vulnerability functions are comparable with those for debris flows in Switzerland, Italy and Austria. The buildings may be completely destroyed when the debris flow depth is more than one half of the building height for both types of building structures
C1 [Zhang, Shuai] Zhejiang Univ, MOE Key Lab Soft Soils & Geoenvironm Engn, Yuhangtang Rd 866, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Limin; Li, Xueyou] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Zhejiang University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology;
   Chengdu University of Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM zhangshuaiqj@zju.edu.cn; cezhangl@ust.hk; lixueyou@ust.hk;
   xq@cdut.edu.cn
TC 76
Z9 85
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD DEC 20
PY 2018
VL 247
BP 145
EP 158
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.10.017
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000453495300013
ER

PT J
AU Hu, XD
   Hu, KH
   Tang, JB
   You, Y
   Wu, CH
AF Hu, Xudong
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Tang, Jinbo
   You, Yong
   Wu, Chaohua
TI Assessment of debris-flow potential dangers in the Jiuzhaigou Valley
   following the August 8, 2017, Jiuzhaigou earthquake, western China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Debris flow; Sediment augmentation; Potential
   danger assessment
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; IMPACT;
   SIMULATION; PREDICTION; DISTANCES; MODEL; TIME; AREA
AB On August 8, 2017, an M-s 7.0 earthquake occurred at the Jiuzhaigou World Natural and Cultural Heritage, Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Eighty-three earthquake-induced landslides that directly damaged the Jiuzhaigou heritage sites were identified via remote-sensing interpretation and field survey. The coseismic landslides were concentrated primarily within 3 km of the seismogenic fault. Large volumes of sediments were transported into catchments of the Jiuzhaigou Valley, creating a geo-environment conducive to debris flow hazards triggered by post-earthquake heavy rainfall. A methodology combining the calculation of sediment augmentation, particle model, and numerical algorithm is developed to assess the potential dangers of post-quake debris flows. Five typical catchments strongly affected by the earthquake are chosen as study cases. The simulation results at Xiajijiehai Gully show a good agreement with the actual inundation area of the debris-flow event on September 25, 2017. The comparison of pre- and post-earthquake scenarios shows that an increase in sediment supply can greatly increase the debris-flow potential dangers characterized by higher maximum flow depths and larger inundation areas.
C1 [Hu, Xudong; Hu, Kaiheng; Tang, Jinbo; You, Yong; Wu, Chaohua] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xudong; Hu, Kaiheng; Tang, Jinbo; You, Yong; Wu, Chaohua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xudong; Wu, Chaohua] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM huxudong@imde.ac.cn; khhu@imde.ac.cn; jinbotang@imde.ac.cn;
   yyong@imde.ac.cn; wuchaohua@imde.ac.cn
TC 71
Z9 84
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JUN 5
PY 2019
VL 256
BP 57
EP 66
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.05.004
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000472690300004
ER

PT J
AU Guo, XJ
   Cui, P
   Li, Y
   Fan, JL
   Yan, Y
   Ge, YG
AF Guo, Xiaojun
   Cui, Peng
   Li, Yong
   Fan, Jianglin
   Yan, Yan
   Ge, Yonggang
TI Temporal differentiation of rainfall thresholds for debris flows in
   Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Rainfall intensity; Event rainfall; Loose material;
   Wenchuan earthquake area
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION CONTROL; INITIATION;
   INTENSITY
AB The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake greatly altered the threshold for rainfall-triggered debris flows in the affected areas. It is of both scientific and practical significance to determine the rainfall thresholds. This study examines one of the regions most prone to debris flows to analyze the characteristics of rainfall that caused debris flows, and to explore local rainfall thresholds. We applied the relation between rainfall intensity and duration, peak intensity and event amount, and other single factor approaches. Comparison of effectiveness and accuracy indicates that the event rainfall is the most sensitive factor for forecasting. Analysis of the annual rainfall thresholds showed that the rainfall conditions required for debris flows have increased on the continent during the past 6 years. Besides the rainfall fluctuations over the past few years, material changes were the primary reason for threshold variability. Recovery of vegetation plays an important role in reducing potential loose material that supplies volume for debris flows. Natural solidification, decrease of the potential erosion depth, and surface coarsening make it more difficult to initiate a debris flow, and ultimately increased rainfall conditions required. The change in rainfall thresholds can be predicted and verified for the entire earthquake-affected region.
C1 [Guo, Xiaojun; Cui, Peng; Li, Yong; Yan, Yan; Ge, Yonggang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Xiaojun; Cui, Peng; Li, Yong; Ge, Yonggang] Asian Network Debris Flow, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Xiaojun; Yan, Yan] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, Jianglin] Sichuan Prov Meteorol Observ, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau
   Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS
RP Guo, XJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Guo, XJ (corresponding author), Asian Network Debris Flow, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Guo, XJ (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM aaronguo@imde.ac.cn
TC 22
Z9 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 75
IS 2
AR 109
DI 10.1007/s12665-015-5031-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000370240800020
ER

PT J
AU Meng, QK
   Miao, F
   Zhen, J
   Huang, Y
   Wang, XY
   Peng, Y
AF Meng Qing-kai
   Miao Fang
   Zhen Jing
   Huang Yan
   Wang Xin-yuan
   Peng Ying
TI Impact of earthquake-induced landslide on the habitat suitability of
   giant panda in Wolong, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Giant panda; Landslide; Habitat suitability; Earthquake; Environmental
   impact
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NEURAL-NETWORKS;
   CONSERVATION; MOUNTAINS; BAMBOO; DISTURBANCE; POPULATION; DIVERSITY;
   SELECTION
AB Massive geological landslides and unstable landslide areas were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These landslides caused deaths, damaged infrastructure and threatened endanger species. This study analyzed the impact of landslides on giant pandas and their habitats from the following aspects: threatening pandas' lives, damaging pandas' habitat, influencing giant panda behavior, increasing habitat fragmentation; the final aspect, and blocking gene flow by cutting off corridors. A habitat suitability map was created by integrating the landslide factors with other traditional factors based on a logistics regression method. According to the landslide inventory map, there are 1313 landslides, 818 rock debris flows, 117 rock avalanches and 43 mud flows occurred in the study area. A correlation analysis indicated that landslides caused the pandas to migrate, and the core landslides within 1 km2 had greater influence on panda migration. These core landslides primarily occurred in mid-altitude regions characterized by high slopes, old geological ages, large areas and large rock mass volumes. The habitat suitability assessment results for the Wolong Natural Reserve had better prediction performance (80.9%) and demonstrated that 14.5%, 15.9%, 20.5%, 47.6% and 1.5% of the study area can be classified as very high, high, moderate, low and very low giant panda suitability areas, respectively. This study can be used to inform panda and panda habitat research, management and protection during post-quake reconstruction and recovery periods in China.
C1 [Meng Qing-kai] Qinghai Univ, State Key Lab Plateau Ecol & Agr, Xining 810016, Peoples R China.
   [Miao Fang; Peng Ying] Chengdu Univ Technol, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zhen Jing; Wang Xin-yuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Huang Yan] China Conservat & Res Ctr Giant Panda, Wolong Nat Reserve, Dujiangyan 611800, Peoples R China.
C3 Qinghai University; Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences
RP Meng, QK (corresponding author), Qinghai Univ, State Key Lab Plateau Ecol & Agr, Xining 810016, Peoples R China.
EM mengqk@cdut.edu.cn; mf@cdut.edu.cn; zhenjing@radi.ac.cn;
   pandayard@hotmail.com; wangxy@radi.ac.cn; ypeng@cdut.edu.c
TC 9
Z9 13
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 10
BP 1789
EP 1805
DI 10.1007/s11629-015-3734-0
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000386502400008
ER

PT J
AU Sun, YQ
   Ge, YG
   Chen, XZ
   Zeng, L
   Tang, Q
   Liang, XY
   Yang, LB
AF Sun, Yuqing
   Ge, Yonggang
   Chen, Xingzhang
   Zeng, Lu
   Tang, Qin
   Liang, Xinyue
   Yang, Lianbin
TI Analysis of the trigger conditions and activity trend in debris flow
   along Sichuan-Tibet traffic corridor (Xinduqiao-Changdu section) under
   environmental changes
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Trigger conditions; Debris flow activity; Flo-2D; Sichuan-Tibet traffic
   corridor
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; XIANSHUIHE FAULT; MASS MOVEMENTS;
   MANN-KENDALL; IMPACTS; CHINA; PLATEAU; TEMPERATURE; LANDSLIDES
AB Debris flow activity is strongly controlled by trigger conditions, specifically the sediment availability and water input, which are expected to change in response to future climate changes. These hydrological and geomorphological impacts are difficult to predict in climate-sensitive alpine mountain regions. This research focuses on the impacts of future environmental changes on debris flow occurrence in the Xinduqiao-Changdu section of the Sichuan-Tibet traffic corridor. Two distinct aspects are examined and discussed: the spatial variability of triggering conditions and the prediction of debris flow behavior under changing conditions. We used long-term (1961-2017) meteorological data to analyze the variation of debris flow water source conditions with results indicating an increasing trend in annual average temperature, especially in the northwest of corridor. However, annual precipitation shows no significant change. Another consideration is the variation in materials source conditions, reflected by historical seismic and fault density, suggesting a potential earthquake risk in the southeast corridor. Subsequently, the Flo-2D is employed to simulate two trigger types of debris flow (rainfall and ice-snow) by modifying flow volume and flow properties under warming or seismic conditions. These findings serve as a reference for hazard prevention in climate-sensitive alpine areas.
C1 [Sun, Yuqing; Ge, Yonggang; Zeng, Lu; Liang, Xinyue; Yang, Lianbin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Sun, Yuqing; Liang, Xinyue; Yang, Lianbin] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xingzhang; Tang, Qin] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resource, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Southwest University of Science & Technology -
   China
RP Ge, YG (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM gyg@imde.ac.cn
TC 2
Z9 3
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD MAY
PY 2024
VL 83
IS 5
AR 189
DI 10.1007/s10064-024-03689-8
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001206725200004
ER

PT J
AU Chen, HY
   Cui, P
   Chen, JG
   Tang, JB
AF Chen Hua-yong
   Cui Peng
   Chen Jian-gang
   Tang Jin-bo
TI Effects of spillway types on debris flow trajectory and scour behind a
   sabo dam
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris Flow; Spillway; Sabo dam; Flow trajectory; Velocity; Scour
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DOWNSTREAM
AB Debris flows are one of the common natural hazards in mountainous areas. They often cause devastating damage to the lives and property of local people. The sabo dam construction along a debris flow valley is considered to be a useful method for hazard mitigation. Previous work has concentrated on the different types of sabo dams such as close-type sabo dam, open-type sabo dam. However, little attention has been paid to the spillway structure of sabo dam. In the paper, a new type of spillway structure with lateral contraction was proposed. Debris flow patterns under four different spillway structures were investigated. The projection theory was employed to predict trajectory of debris flow out from the spillway and to estimate the incident angle and terminal velocity before it plunged into the scour hole behind the sabo dam. The results indicated that the estimated data were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The discrepancy between the estimated and experimental values of main parameters remained below 21.82% (relative error). Additionally, the effects of debris flow scales under different spillway structures were considered to study the scour law. Although the debris flow pattern and scour law behind the sabo dam under different operating conditions was analyzed in this paper, further study on the scour mechanism and the maximum scour depth estimation based on scour theory is still required in the future.
C1 [Chen Hua-yong; Cui Peng; Chen Jian-gang; Tang Jin-bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Hua-yong; Cui Peng; Chen Jian-gang; Tang Jin-bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Cui Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 1, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in
   Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS
RP Chen, HY; Cui, P; Chen, JG; Tang, JB (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Chen, HY; Cui, P; Chen, JG; Tang, JB (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 1, Peoples R China.
EM hychen@imde.ac.cn; pengcui@imde.ac.cn; chenjg@imde.ac.cn;
   jinbotang@imde.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 9
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD FEB
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 2
BP 203
EP 212
DI 10.1007/s11629-015-3607-6
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000370161700002
ER

PT J
AU Chen, ML
   Hu, GS
   Chen, NS
   Zhao, CY
   Zhao, SJ
   Han, DW
AF Chen Ming-li
   Hu Gui-sheng
   Chen Ning-sheng
   Zhao Cun-yao
   Zhao Song-jiang
   Han Da-wei
TI Valuation of debris flow mitigation measures in tourist towns: a case
   study on Hongchun gully in southwest China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Tourist towns; Economic value; Debris flow; Disaster mitigation benefit;
   Brand value; Brand equity; Yingxiu town
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; AREA; IMPACTS
AB The estimation of the value on the engineering project in tourist towns is usually very challenging and controversial. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the economic value of the debris flow control engineering in tourist towns by integrating both welfare and disaster economics. The total value of debris flow prevention and control engineering in tourist towns (VDFE) includes investment cost (IC), disaster mitigation benefit (DMB), and loss of brand value (LBV). Here DMB is assessed by the cost-benefit method. The LBV is estimated by incorporating brand equity and cost-benefit methods. The engineering for debris flow control in the Hongchun Gully of southwest China was built to protect Yingxiu tourist town and was assessed as an example. The IC for the engineering is 180 million RMB, however, the VDFE reaches as high as 3401 million RMB, of which the LBV is 169 million RMB, and the input-output ratio is 1:18. Thus, the LBV cannot be neglected in case of VDFE estimation process. The more developed the tourism in one town or city is, the greater the LBV and the higher the VDFE are.
C1 [Chen Ming-li] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Hu Gui-sheng; Chen Ning-sheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao Cun-yao] Chengdu Univ Technol, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao Song-jiang] Sichuan Huadi Geol Engn Co, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Han Da-wei] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.
C3 Sichuan University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; University
   of Bristol
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM minlychen6@163.com; huguisheng@imde.ac.cn; chennsh@imde.ac.cn;
   zhao_cyao@163.com; zhsjzhsj@163.com; d.han@bristol.ac.uk
TC 10
Z9 12
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 10
BP 1867
EP 1879
DI 10.1007/s11629-015-3759-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000386502400014
ER

PT J
AU Fernández, F
   Vargas, E Jr
   Muller, AL
   Sousa, RL
   Sousa, LR
AF Fernandez, Fabricio
   Vargas Jr, Euripedes
   Muller, Andre Luis
   Sousa, Rita Leal
   Sousa, Luis Ribeiro
TI Material point method modeling in 3D of the failure and run-out
   processes of the Daguangbao landslide
SO ACTA GEOTECHNICA
DT Article
DE Daguangbao landslide; Material point method; Run-out process; Wenchuan
   earthquake
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SLOPE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT
AB In this work, the massive landslide of Daguangbao was modeled in 3D using the material point method (MPM). The paper focuses on modeling the failure, the run-out, and the final deposition of the failed mass in 3D. The numerical model considers in detail the distribution of materials within the domain. The materials were modeled as elastoplastic with an exponential strain-softening law. In addition, a frictional law was considered for the mass and topography interaction. The results obtained in this work show a good coincidence with the reported data in terms of kinetic energy released, failure mechanism, the final configuration of topography on the characteristic section, affected area by the event, and the formation of a nearly vertical wall in the region of the Daguangbao mountain area. Additionally, the 3D model allowed us to estimate the region affected by the event and understand the possible movement of the mass during the filling process of the Huangdongzi Valley. The analysis of the material deposited along the valley allowed the establishment of zones of potential variation of porosities, an essential characteristic given the formation of the natural dam over the Huangdongzi Valley.
C1 [Fernandez, Fabricio] Univ Catolica Norte, Dept Ingn Civil, Antofagasta, Chile.
   [Vargas Jr, Euripedes; Muller, Andre Luis] Pontif Catholic Univ Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
   [Sousa, Rita Leal] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ USA.
   [Sousa, Luis Ribeiro] Univ Porto, Sch Engn, Porto, Portugal.
C3 Universidad Catolica del Norte; Stevens Institute of Technology;
   Universidade do Porto
RP Vargas, E Jr (corresponding author), Pontif Catholic Univ Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
EM fabricio.fernandez@ucn.cl; eavargasjr@gmail.com;
   muller@tecgraf.puc-rio.br; sousa-scu@hotmail.com; rsousa@stevens.edu
TC 12
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1861-1125
EI 1861-1133
PD JUL
PY 2024
VL 19
IS 7
BP 4277
EP 4296
DI 10.1007/s11440-023-02152-4
EA DEC 2023
SC Engineering
UT WOS:001125629400001
ER

PT J
AU MacGillivray, BH
AF MacGillivray, Brian H.
TI Handling Uncertainty in Models of Seismic and Postseismic Hazards:
   Toward Robust Methods and Resilient Societies
SO RISK ANALYSIS
DT Article
DE Earthquake hazards; model uncertainty; risk assessment
ID EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE FORECAST; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; DEEP UNCERTAINTIES; DEBRIS FLOWS; LOGIC TREE;
   EPISTEMIC UNCERTAINTY; LANDSLIDE MODELS; DECISION-MAKING; TSUNAMI
   SCIENCE
AB Earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides take a devastating toll on human lives, critical infrastructure, and ecosystems. Harnessing the predictive capacities of hazard models is key to transitioning from reactive approaches to disaster management toward building resilient societies, yet the knowledge that these models produce involves multiple uncertainties. The failure to properly account for these uncertainties has at times had important implications, from the flawed safety measures at the Fukushima power plant, to the reliance on short-term earthquake prediction models (reportedly at the expense of mitigation efforts) in modern China. This article provides an overview of methods for handling uncertainty in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, tsunami hazard analysis, and debris flow modeling, considering best practices and areas for improvement. It covers sensitivity analysis, structured approaches to expert elicitation, methods for characterizing structural uncertainty (e.g., ensembles and logic trees), and the value of formal decision-analytic frameworks even in situations of deep uncertainty.
C1 [MacGillivray, Brian H.] Cardiff Univ, Sustainable Places Res Inst, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
C3 Cardiff University
RP MacGillivray, BH (corresponding author), Cardiff Univ, Sustainable Places Res Inst, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
EM macgillivraybh@cardiff.ac.uk
TC 5
Z9 5
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0272-4332
EI 1539-6924
PD SEP
PY 2021
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1499
EP 1512
DI 10.1111/risa.13663
EA DEC 2020
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical
   Methods In Social Sciences
UT WOS:000601412700001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, S
   Wei, L
   Hu, KH
AF Liu, Shuang
   Wei, Li
   Hu, Kaiheng
TI Topographical and geological variation of effective rainfall for
   debris-flow occurrence from a large-scale perspective
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Dimensionless effective rainfall; Spatial heterogeneity;
   Topographical and geological impacts
ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TRIGGERING RAINFALL; HENGDUAN
   MOUNTAINS; DURATION CONTROL; TEMPORAL TRENDS; THRESHOLDS; INTENSITY;
   IMPACT; HAZARD
AB Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of the debris-flow rainfall threshold is meaningful for regional warning systems. However, regional topographical and geological impacts have not been well quantified. Using the Hengduan Mountains with distinct climatic, topographical, and geological settings as a typical study area, this study focused on the geological and topographical variations of effective rainfall for debris-flow occurrence from a large-scale perspective. Results showed that the probability of debris-flow occurrence was smallest in the cold-arid zone and largest in the humid zone. The mean dimensionless effective rainfall (the ratio of effective rainfall to mean annual precipitation) was about 5.2% for an initial warning and 7.7% for serious warnings. The contributions to the differences are regional climate, geomorphology, and geology, in sequence of importance. The zone with more complex terrain, thicker soil, and higher sand content would be more beneficial to debris-flow formation. Multiple regression analysis suggested that the geologically-related aspects may have a slightly greater effect than topographical factors on effective rainfall. In general, this work could be in favor of other similar regional, national, and even global work for debris-flow early warning. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Liu, Shuang; Wei, Li; Hu, Kaiheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Shuang; Wei, Li; Hu, Kaiheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wei, Li] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM liushuang@imde.ac.cn; weili@imde.ac.cn; khhu@imde.ac.cn
TC 26
Z9 28
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29a, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JUN 1
PY 2020
VL 358
AR 107134
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107134
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000527307400019
ER

PT J
AU Ning, L
   Hu, KH
   Li, P
   Cheng, HG
   Zhang, QY
AF Ning, Lan
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Li, Pu
   Cheng, Haiguang
   Zhang, Qiyuan
TI Experimental assessment of channel narrowness effects on debris-flow
   erosion
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Narrowing erosion; Erosion efficiency; Downcutting erosion
   rate; Lateral spreading rate
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; VELOCITY; MORPHOLOGY; WATER; ENTRAINMENT; RUNOUT;
   MOTION; SCOUR; RIVER
AB An in-depth understanding of debris flow erosion is crucial for estimating debris flow magnitude and evaluating its risk. Although the mechanisms of debris flow erosion have been widely explored by previous studies, channel downcutting and lateral erosion of debris flows over irregular erodible beds are still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the debris flow erosion characteristics in non-uniform erodible beds with variable cross-sections based on a series of small-scale flume experiments. We quantify the effects of debris flow density, bed slope, bed fine particle content, and channel narrowness on downcutting and lateral erosion. Downcutting Erosion Depths (DED) first increased linearly with the debris-flow density and bed slope; however, it exhibited a decrease afterward and an increasing trend with the narrower channel. The maximum DED was observed when the channel narrowness was 0.7. Similarly, a total erosion efficiency was introduced to measure the intensity of debris flow erosion. The efficiency increased linearly with the flume slope and decreased with the fine particle content of the bed and debris flow density. On the other hand, the efficiency grew exponentially with the channel narrowness. A dimensionless parameter, defined as the ratio of downward erosion to lateral erosion, was utilized to assess the relative importance of the downward and lateral erosion of the debris flow. Experimental results show that the ratio is positively correlated with debris flow density and flume slope. Notably, the effect of bed fine particle content was relatively weak, and downward erosion overwhelmed lateral erosion for significant channel narrowing. Furthermore, the ratio increased logarithmically with the channel narrowness, whereas the lateral erosion exceeded the downward erosion for smaller narrowness and vice versa. Our experimental results demonstrate that the amount and mechanism of debris flow erosion may differ significantly in irregular erodible beds.
C1 [Ning, Lan; Hu, Kaiheng; Li, Pu; Cheng, Haiguang; Zhang, Qiyuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, 189 Qunxiannanlu St, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ning, Lan; Cheng, Haiguang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, 189 Qunxiannanlu St, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM khhu@imde.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 5
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUN
PY 2024
VL 83
IS 6
AR 244
DI 10.1007/s10064-024-03742-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001229430300001
ER

PT J
AU Hu, W
   Scaringi, G
   Xu, Q
   Huang, RQ
AF Hu, Wei
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Xu, Qiang
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Internal Erosion Controls Failure and Runout of Loose Granular Deposits:
   Evidence From Flume Tests and Implications for Postseismic Slope Healing
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
DT Article
DE flowslide; coseismic landslide; flume test; internal erosion; failure
   precursors; grain coarsening
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; DEBRIS FLOWS; GRAIN-SIZE;
   SENSITIVITY; INSTABILITY; INITIATION; BEHAVIOR; RATES
AB Landslides in granular soils can be highly hazardous when exhibiting flow-like behavior. The extensive mass wasting associated with the 2008 M-w = 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake (China) left several cubic kilometers of loose granular material deposited along steep slopes and in low-order channels. Rainfall-triggered remobilization of these deposits evolved often into catastrophic flow-like landslides. Ten years after the earthquake, most of the deposits are still in place but landslide rates have decreased significantly. Internal erosion-induced grain coarsening is one possible process producing this decrease. Through experiments on loose artificial slopes we demonstrate the major role of the internally erodible small grains in triggering failure and fluidization and producing grain coarsening. Under the same hydraulic boundary, if the erodible fraction is removed or reduced, the loose deposits remain stable or fail without fluidizing. Our results provide an experimental evidence to the patterns of sediment export and debris flows observed in nature after a strong earthquake.
   Plain Language Summary Landslides exhibit a variety of behaviors, from imperceptible creep strains to catastrophic failures. Flow-like landslides are among the most hazardous, as they can happen suddenly and cover long distances at high speed. Strong earthquakes, such as the 2008 M-w = 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake (China), can cause extensive landsliding, feeding hillslopes and drainage channels with abundant debris. Rainfalls can remobilize these deposits, and the movement can evolve into catastrophic and deadly debris flows. Ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake, most of debris is still in place within the orogen, but landslide rates have decreased significantly. Various processes can strengthen the deposits of debris, reducing their susceptibility to failure. Among them, we show the role of the small granular fraction-that can be eroded and transported within the large soil pores-in triggering instability, failure, and fluidization of the deposits. If these small particles are fewer or absent, the deposits remain stable and water drains easily thanks to the higher hydraulic conductivity. In the light of our experiments, we suggest that a progressive removal of the small particles in absence of failure, which was observed in nature indirectly, can be one realistic process leading to the stabilization of the deposits.
C1 [Hu, Wei; Scaringi, Gianvito; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Scaringi, G (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM g.scaringi@qq.com
TC 62
Z9 71
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
PD JUN 16
PY 2018
VL 45
IS 11
BP 5518
EP 5527
DI 10.1029/2018GL078030
SC Geology
UT WOS:000436249900034
ER

PT J
AU Shi, ZM
   Wang, YQ
   Peng, M
   Guan, SG
   Chen, JF
AF Shi, Zhen-Ming
   Wang, You-Quan
   Peng, Ming
   Guan, Sheng-Gong
   Chen, Jian-Feng
TI Landslide dam deformation analysis under aftershocks using large-scale
   shaking table tests measured by videogrammetric technique
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Shaking table test; Dam deformation; Videogrammetric
   technique; Aftershock
ID FLOOD; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR
AB The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake triggered at least 257 landslide dams. More than 849 aftershocks with magnitudes higher than Ms 4.0 occurred after the Wenchuan earthquake by 12 March, 2012 (Shen et al., 2013), which might largely influence the structure and soil properties of these dams. This paper aims to study the dynamic deformation of landslide dams under aftershocks through larger scale shaking table tests. Videogrammetric technique was applied to measure the dynamic deformation of the model dams. Two groups of shaking table tests were conducted with two types of landslide dam materials: one with quartz sands containing 10% kaolin (Dam!) and the other with only quartz sands (Dam II). The dam deformation and its influencing factors were analyzed with the results measured by videogrammetric technique. The deformations were generally higher on the surface of the dams, either on the crest or on the both upstream and downstream slopes. Higher peak ground acceleration (PGA) resulted in larger dam deformations due to higher seismic force. The deformations under the combination of X- and Z-directional shakings were larger than those under X-directional shaking for sufficient vibratory compaction. Water rising led to the increase of dam deformations because that the water seepage reduced the effective soil stress, especially reduced the matric suction. The settlements of the dam composed of more fine particles were larger than that composed of large particle size because that the soil pores in the former were filled more sufficiently with fine particles. The aftershocks may not directly trigger the failures of landslide dams, but accelerate the overtopping failures by lowering the dam crest with settlement and cracking. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shi, Zhen-Ming; Wang, You-Quan; Peng, Ming; Guan, Sheng-Gong; Chen, Jian-Feng] Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Zhen-Ming; Wang, You-Quan; Peng, Ming; Guan, Sheng-Gong; Chen, Jian-Feng] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, You-Quan] Shanghai Geotech Invest & Design Inst Co Ltd, Shanghai 200438, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Zhen-Ming] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Geohazard Prevent, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University
RP Peng, M (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM pengming@tongji.edu.cn
TC 38
Z9 46
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD FEB 24
PY 2015
VL 186
SI SI
BP 68
EP 78
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.09.008
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000351649500008
ER

PT J
AU Huang, D
   Song, YX
   Ma, GW
   Pei, XJ
   Huang, RQ
AF Huang, Da
   Song, Yi Xiang
   Ma, Guo Wei
   Pei, Xiang Jun
   Huang, Run Qiu
TI Numerical modeling of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-triggered Niumiangou
   landslide considering effects of pore-water pressure
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslide; Pore-water pressure; Ring-shear
   experiment; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Niumiangou landslide
ID RING-SHEAR APPARATUS; DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; VELOCITY
   FRICTIONAL-PROPERTIES; RAPID LANDSLIDES; DEGRADATION; SIMULATION;
   BEHAVIOR; OUTCROP; MOTION; FAULT
AB Ring-shear experiments are commonly conducted to analyze the kinematic mechanisms of landslides triggered by earthquakes, particularly for landslides impacted by pore-water pressure near the grain-crushing sliding surface. However, pore-water pressure is rarely considered in numerical simulation of the post-failure behavior of earthquake-induced landslides. In this paper, a pore-water pressure model based on the results of ring-shear tests (Cui et al. Landslides 14(3):1-15, 2016) is incorporated into the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) for modeling and further understanding the initiation and motion behaviors of the Niumiangou landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The pore-water pressure can be recalculated in each time step before the sliding block is detached from the base in the source area, and the friction coefficient of the sliding surface is simultaneously updated according to the pore-water pressure ratio in the modified DDA. The modified pore-water pressure DDA (PWP-DDA) is validated by means of comparison with the analytical results of the dynamic behaviors of a sliding block on an inclined plane under dynamic acceleration. The simulation results indicate that the pore-water pressure on the sliding surface of the Niumiangou landslide sharply increases within a short period, with small relative displacement of the landslide. Relative to the simulated results from the unmodified DDA, the pore-water pressure calculated by the PWP-DDA promotes higher velocity and longer run-out of the sliding mass. Moreover, the modeling run-out and deposit pattern from the PWP-DDA are in basic agreement with the topography of an actual survey.
C1 [Huang, Da; Song, Yi Xiang; Ma, Guo Wei] Hebei Univ Technol, Sch Civil & Transportat Engn, Tianjin 300401, Peoples R China.
   [Pei, Xiang Jun; Huang, Run Qiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Hebei University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Song, YX (corresponding author), Hebei Univ Technol, Sch Civil & Transportat Engn, Tianjin 300401, Peoples R China.
EM syxdlut2010@163.com
TC 22
Z9 23
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD OCT
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 7
BP 4713
EP 4729
DI 10.1007/s10064-018-01433-7
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000486020300004
ER

PT J
AU Chen, NS
   Lu, Y
   Zhou, HB
   Deng, MF
   Han, DW
AF Chen Ning-sheng
   Lu Yang
   Zhou Hai-bo
   Deng Ming-feng
   Han Da-wei
TI Combined Impacts of Antecedent Earthquakes and Droughts on Disastrous
   Debris Flows
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Erosion; Earthquake; Drought; Natural hazard
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EXHUMATION; MECHANISM
AB This paper describes a study on the combined impacts of antecedent earthquakes and droughts on disastrous debris flows. This is a novel attempt in quantifying such impacts using the effective peak acceleration (EPA) (to represent earthquakes) and standardized precipitation index (SPI) (to represent droughts). The study is based on the analysis of 116 disastrous debris flow events occurred in Mainland China in the last 100 years covering a wide spectrum of climate types and landforms. It has been found that the combined impacts from earthquakes and droughts on disastrous debris flows do exist and vary from low to very high according to different climate conditions and terrains. The impacts from earthquakes increase with the increased terrain relief, and the impacts from droughts are strongest in semi-humid climate condition (with reduced impacts in humid and semi-arid /arid climate conditions). Hypothetical explanations on the study discoveries have been proposed. This study reveals the possible reasons for the disastrous debris flow distributions around the world and has significant implications in paleo-climate-seismic analysis and disastrous debris flow risk management.
C1 [Chen Ning-sheng; Deng Ming-feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Lu Yang] Changjiang River Sci Res Inst, Wuhan 430010, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou Hai-bo] Sichuan Prov Transport Dept Highway Planning Surv, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Han Da-wei] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Yangtze River Water Resources Protection Bureau;
   University of Bristol
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM chennsh@imde.ac.cn
TC 20
Z9 27
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD NOV
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 6
BP 1507
EP 1520
DI 10.1007/s11629-014-3080-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000345621100013
ER

PT J
AU Liang, XY
   Ge, YG
   Zeng, L
   Lyu, L
   Sun, QM
   Sun, YQ
   Wang, X'
AF Liang, Xinyue
   Ge, Yonggang
   Zeng, Lu
   Lyu, Liqun
   Sun, Qingmin
   Sun, Yuqing
   Wang, Xi 'an
TI Debris flow susceptibility based on the connectivity of potential
   material sources in the Dadu River Basin
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow susceptibility; Potential material sources; Sediment
   connectivity; Dadu River; Classification
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEDIMENT CONNECTIVITY; STRAIN-RATE;
   HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPE CONNECTIVITY; RAINFALL THRESHOLD;
   TIBETAN PLATEAU; SOURCE AREAS; NORTH BIHAR; CHECK DAMS
AB The Dadu River Basin (DRB) is an important economic corridor on the Chuanxi Plateau. The DRB is located in the highly changeable terrain of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is often threatened by debris flows. To mitigate the damage of debris flow disasters to the construction and operation of large infrastructures such as railways, roads and hydropower stations in the DRB, it is necessary to evaluate debris flow susceptibility. The connectivity of potential material sources (CPMS), which proxies the possibility of potential material transfer from the source to the outlet, was calculated using an improved index of connectivity, excess topography and brittle fracture index to identify and quantify debris flow susceptibility. The results show that the IC and the gully scale have a Logartihmic function in the DRB, in which IC decreases as the catchment area increases. In 3967 gullies of the Dadu River and its tributaries, the total connectivity of potential material sources (TCPMS) could be used to distinguish between debris flow gullies and non-debris flow gullies (AUC = 0.748). The TCPMS and average connectivity of potential material sources (ACPMS) were used to classify the scale and activity intensity of the 2398 debris flow gullies into four levels. The moderate-and high-activity intensity and large-and extra large-scale debris flows are mainly distributed in Danba, Luding and Kangding. The results of this study provide reference and evidence for the identification and evaluation of debris flow susceptibility.
C1 [Liang, Xinyue; Ge, Yonggang; Zeng, Lu; Sun, Qingmin; Sun, Yuqing; Wang, Xi 'an] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Liang, Xinyue; Sun, Qingmin; Sun, Yuqing; Wang, Xi 'an] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Lyu, Liqun] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Beijing Forestry University
RP Ge, YG (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM gyg@imde.ac.cn
TC 34
Z9 35
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN
PY 2023
VL 312
AR 106947
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106947
EA DEC 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000895964800001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YB
   Zhang, J
   Chen, GQ
   Zheng, L
   Li, YG
AF Zhang, Yingbin
   Zhang, Jue
   Chen, Guangqi
   Zheng, Lu
   Li, Yange
TI Effects of vertical seismic force on initiation of the Daguangbao
   landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Seismic slope; Vertical seismic; Near-fault; Large-scale; Tension
   failure; FLAC(3D)
ID SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS
AB This paper analyses the effects of vertical seismic force on initiation mechanism of near-fault large-scale landslides by using the Daguangbao landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake as an example. Field investigations showed that tension failure plays an important role in failure mechanism, and the tension failure is due to the effect of a large vertical seismic motion that occurred in the meizoseismal area during the earthquake. Firstly, two key issues in seismic analysis of near-fault large-scale landslide are proposed: i) how to select and correct the severe near-fault excitations with significant co-seismic displacements and ii) how to consider the effect of the landslide scale on estimation of material strength. Then, in order to investigate the effect of the severe vertical seismic force on the initiation of the huge Daguangbao landslide, five cases, 1) static; 2) pseudo-static onlyhorizontal; 3) pseudo-static horizontal-and-vertical; 4) dynamic only-horizontal; 5) dynamic horizontaland-vertical, are performed using the finite difference program FLAC(3D). The simulation results are presented in terms of tension failure area, factor of safety, and displacement. The results confirm the significant effects of vertical seismic force on seismic slope failure mechanism as the tension failure areas and the displacements observed in the case of horizontal-and-vertical are larger than those observed in the case of only-horizontal. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Yingbin] Southwest fiaotong Univ, Key Lab Transportat Tunnel Engn, Minist Educ, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yingbin; Zhang, Jue] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Guangqi; Li, Yange] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
   [Zheng, Lu] Sichuan Univ, IDMR, Chengdu 610207, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Southwest Jiaotong University; Kyushu
   University; Sichuan University
RP Zhang, YB (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, 111,1st North Sec,2nd Ring RD, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yingbinz719@126.com
TC 93
Z9 108
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0267-7261
EI 1879-341X
PD JUN
PY 2015
VL 73
BP 91
EP 102
DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.06.036
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000354584200008
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, L
   Cui, SH
   Pei, XJ
   Liu, LL
   Liang, YF
   Luo, LG
AF Zhu, Ling
   Cui, Shenghua
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Liu, Leilei
   Liang, Yufei
   Luo, Luguang
TI Dynamic response characteristics and initiation mechanism of weak-base
   anti-dip slopes: a case study of the Guantan landslide
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Guantan landslide; Weak-base anti-dip slopes; Incompatible deformation;
   Rocking effect; Rainfall infiltration
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TRIGGERED DAGUANGBAO LANDSLIDE;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; TOPPLING FAILURE; SICHUAN
AB The Guantan landslide, with an estimated volume of 4.68 x 106 m3, was one of the most catastrophic mass movements triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The landslide deposit dammed the river, forming a barrier lake that posed severe threats to downstream populations and infrastructure. Unlike many earthquake-induced landslides, the Guantan landslide developed within an anti-dip slope structure underlain by a weak mudstone layer, drawing particular attention. However, the dynamic responses and failure mechanisms of such weak-base anti-dip slopes under seismic loading remain insufficiently understood. This study combines field investigations, shaking table experiments, and discrete element numerical simulations to examine the deformation and failure processes of the Guantan slope. Shaking table tests demonstrate that under seismic loading, peak rock pressure within the mudstone is significantly higher than in the adjacent dolomite, with the highest values near the slope surface. Numerical results reveal a four-stage failure process: compressive deformation of mudstone under gravity, seismic-induced cracking in mudstone and tensile-shear fracture development in dolomite, crack coalescence leading to a continuous slip surface, and rainfall infiltration and softening-induced failure. The study highlights that incompatible deformation amplifies tensile-compressive and shear stresses within the mudstone layer. A near-surface rocking effect causes transient stress concentration, promoting damage. These penetrating cracks accelerate rainfall infiltration and mudstone softening, ultimately destabilizing the slope. This integrated analysis enhances our understanding of the seismic failure mechanisms of anti-dip slopes with weak bases.
C1 [Zhu, Ling; Liu, Leilei] Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Infophys, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Ling; Liu, Leilei] Cent South Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Metallogen Predict Nonferrous Met & Geol, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Shenghua; Pei, Xiangjun; Liang, Yufei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Luguang] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Earth Sci & Spatial Informat Engn, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University; Central South University; Chengdu University
   of Technology; Hunan University of Science & Technology
RP Cui, SH (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM zhuling.geo@csu.edu.cn; cuishenghua18@cdut.edu.cn; pxj@cdut.edu.cn;
   csulll@foxmail.com; Leelyf@outlook.com; luolg1@hnust.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUL 26
PY 2025
VL 84
IS 8
AR 403
DI 10.1007/s10064-025-04431-8
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001537104200001
ER

PT J
AU He, N
   Fu, QX
   Zhong, W
   Yang, ZQ
   Cai, XQ
   Xu, LJ
AF He, Na
   Fu, Qixuan
   Zhong, Wei
   Yang, Zhiquan
   Cai, XianQing
   Xu, Linjuan
TI Analysis of the formation mechanism of debris flows after earthquakes -
   A case study of the Legugou debris flow
SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
DT Article
DE debris flows; formation mechanism; earthquakes; grey correlation method;
   frequency method; human activities; artificial intelligence
ID EARLY WARNING SYSTEM; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC RESPONSE; LANDSLIDE;
   RAINFALL; SICHUAN
AB By means of the Graphic Method, Gray Correlation Method and Frequency Method, the total amount of loose solid materials, the amount of loose solid materials per unit area in the source area, and the risk degree and critical rainfall of the study area are determined, respectively. On the basis of the calculation results, the total amount of loose solid materials is 57.2 x 10(4) m(3), the amount of loose solid materials per unit area is 0.13 m(3)/m(2) (greater than 0.1 m(3)/m(2)), which better meets the initiation conditions for dilute debris flow. The Hazard Evaluation Model of Debris Flow in earthquake areas is established by the gray correlation method and the hazard index H = 0.725 is determined. According to the hazard classification standards for debris flows in earthquake areas, the debris flow in Lecugou was moderate after the earthquake. The critical rainfall value of 1H, calculated by the frequency method, ranged from 17.45 to 22.21 mm (R-e = 25 mm) and 8.17 to 13.01 mm (R-e = 50 mm). The critical rainfall value at 10 min ranged from 6.23 to 8.44 mm (R-e = 25 mm) and 2.92 to 5.13 mm (R-e = 50 mm), respectively. The maximum rainfall intensity of 45.5 mm/h was reached between 10:00 and 11:00 on July 29, 2019 and the cumulative rainfall reached 144 mm, far exceeding the critical rainfall of Legugou. Under the influence of earthquakes and human activities, the loose solid source amount and loose solid source amount per unit area increased greatly, and the critical rainfall for debris flow after earthquakes decreased sharply, which induced debris flows under the influence of heavy rainfall. This research will be helpful for the establishment of monitoring and early warning systems based on artificial intelligence methods, and can greatly improve the effectiveness of disaster prevention and mitigation.
C1 [He, Na; Fu, Qixuan] Henan Polytech Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Jiaozuo, Henan, Peoples R China.
   [He, Na] GongQing Inst Sci & Technol, Gongqingchengshi, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.
   [He, Na] China Three Gorges Univ, Hubei Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Mitigat, Yichang, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Fu, Qixuan; Zhong, Wei] Chinese Acad Sci & Minist Water Resources, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Publ Safety & Emergency Management, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Key Lab Geol Disaster Risk Prevent & Control & Eme, Minist Emergency Management Peoples Republ China, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Key Lab Early Rapid Identificat Prevent & Control, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
   [Cai, XianQing] Sichuan Commun Surveying & Design Inst Co Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Linjuan] Yellow River Inst Hydraul Res YRCC, MWR, Key Lab Lower Yellow River Channel & Estuary Regul, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China.
C3 Henan Polytechnic University; China Three Gorges University; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS;
   Ministry of Water Resources; Kunming University of Science & Technology;
   Kunming University of Science & Technology; Kunming University of
   Science & Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP Zhong, W (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci & Minist Water Resources, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Yang, ZQ (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Publ Safety & Emergency Management, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.; Yang, ZQ (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Key Lab Geol Disaster Risk Prevent & Control & Eme, Minist Emergency Management Peoples Republ China, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.; Yang, ZQ (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Key Lab Early Rapid Identificat Prevent & Control, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
EM zhongwei@imde.ac.cn; yzq1983816@kust.edu.cn
TC 7
Z9 8
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
SN 2296-701X
PD OCT 28
PY 2022
VL 10
AR 1053687
DI 10.3389/fevo.2022.1053687
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000883671300001
ER

PT J
AU Tian, SF
   Hu, GS
   Chen, NS
   Rahman, M
   Ni, HY
   Somos-Valenzuela, M
AF Tian, Shufeng
   Hu, Guisheng
   Chen, Ningsheng
   Rahman, Mahfuzur
   Ni, Huayong
   Somos-Valenzuela, Marcelo
TI Effects of Tectonic Setting and Hydraulic Properties on Silent
   Large-Scale Landslides: A Case Study of the Zhaobishan Landslide, China
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Hydraulic properties; Risk reduction; Runoff amplification;
   Silent large-scale landslides (SLL); Tectonic setting
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TIBETAN-PLATEAU; RIVER; STABILITY; FAILURE;
   SICHUAN; AREA
AB Unlike strong earthquake-triggered or heavy rainfall-triggered landslides, silent large-scale landslides (SLL) occur without significant triggering factors and cause unexpected significant disaster risks and mass casualties. Understanding the initiation mechanism of SLLs is crucial for risk reduction. In this study, the mechanism of the Zhaobishan SLL was investigated, and the SLL was jointly controlled by weak-soil (fractured rock mass) and strong-water (abundant water replenishment) conditions under the impact of active tectonism and complex hydraulic properties. Strong tectonic uplift, high fault density, and historical earthquakes led to weak-soil conditions conducive to the Zhaobishan SLL. The combined effect of unique lithology, antiform, and cultivated land contributed to the water replenishment characteristics of extensive runoff confluence (3.16 times that of the landslide body) and supported long-distance groundwater replenishment, thereby forming strong-water conditions for the landslide. The amplified seepage amount caused the strength of the soil mass on the sliding surface to decrease to 0.4 times its initial strength, eventually triggering the Zhaobishan SLL, which occurred 4.6 days after the peak rainfall. Moreover, the landslide deposits have accumulated on the semi-diagenetic clay rock, thereby controlling the subsequent recurring debris flows in the Lengzi Gully. To reduce disaster risk of SLL in vulnerable mountainous regions, the water confluence area behind the main scarp of the landslides and the hysteresis characteristics between landslides and peak rainfall should be further considered, and recurring debris flows following massive landslides also should be focused.
C1 [Tian, Shufeng; Hu, Guisheng; Chen, Ningsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Tian, Shufeng] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Tian, Shufeng; Hu, Guisheng; Chen, Ningsheng] Acad Plateau Sci & Sustainabil, Xining 810016, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Ningsheng] Tribhuvan Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Kathmandu Ctr Res & Educ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Rahman, Mahfuzur] Int Univ Business Agr & Technol IUBAT, Dept Civil Engn, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh.
   [Rahman, Mahfuzur] Kunsan Natl Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Gunsan 54150, South Korea.
   [Ni, Huayong] China Geol Survey, Inst Explorat Technol, Chengdu 611734, Peoples R China.
   [Somos-Valenzuela, Marcelo] Univ La Frontera, Fac Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Forest Sci, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; International
   University of Business Agriculture & Technology (IUBAT); Kunsan National
   University; China Geological Survey; Universidad de La Frontera
RP Hu, GS; Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.; Hu, GS; Chen, NS (corresponding author), Acad Plateau Sci & Sustainabil, Xining 810016, Peoples R China.; Chen, NS (corresponding author), Tribhuvan Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, Kathmandu Ctr Res & Educ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM huguisheng@imde.ac.cn; chennsh@imde.ac.cn
TC 8
Z9 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 2095-0055
EI 2192-6395
PD AUG
PY 2023
VL 14
IS 4
SI SI
BP 600
EP 617
DI 10.1007/s13753-023-00502-0
EA AUG 2023
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001059871100002
ER

PT J
AU Huang, Y
   Cheng, HL
   Dai, ZL
   Xu, Q
   Liu, F
   Sawada, K
   Moriguchi, S
   Yashima, A
AF Huang, Yu
   Cheng, Hualin
   Dai, Zili
   Xu, Qiang
   Liu, Fang
   Sawada, Kazuhide
   Moriguchi, Shuji
   Yashima, Atsushi
TI SPH-based numerical simulation of catastrophic debris flows after the
   2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Post-earthquake debris flow; Smoothed particle
   hydrodynamics; Long run-out; Hazard assessment
ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; 13 AUGUST 2010; MODEL; MUDFLOW; SLIDES;
   CHINA; FLUID; MUD
AB Post-earthquake debris flows that have occurred in Sichuan Province in southwestern China following the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, have caused significant damage and casualties. Previous earthquake-induced landslides produced large amounts of loose material that remained on the steep slopes and in the gullies. As a consequence of heavy rainstorms during the rainy seasons, the existing loose material was transformed into numerous debris flows. Research has shown that the debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster areas have been characterized by their large scale, high speed, long run-out, and destructive impact. In order to identify the areas potentially at risk and to predict the flow severity, an accurate numerical method is needed to simulate these debris flows. In this paper, we have proposed a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) modeling technique-a meshfree particle method-to simulate the post-earthquake debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster areas. The SPH modeling technique introduces a Bingham model to analyze the relationship between material stress rates and particle motion velocity. Compared to traditional numerical methods, the SPH modeling technique is a true meshfree method of a pure Lagrangian nature. It can instantaneously track the motion of each particle, accurately predict the velocity, and naturally handle problems with extremely large deformations. In addition, the SPH method is based on continuum mechanics, and is therefore an efficient method to simulate large-scale debris flows. In this work, first, a viscoplastic fluid was simulated and verified with experimental results in order to evaluate the accuracy of the SPH model. Then propagation analysis of two typical post-earthquake debris flows in earthquake-hit areas was carried out, applying the SPH model. The simulation results showed good agreement with the limited field observation data. Our proposed SPH numerical modeling is able to capture the fundamental dynamic behavior of post-earthquake debris flows and can partially explain these complex phenomena. These simulation results can provide a preliminary scientific basis for hazard assessment and site selection for reconstruction in earthquake-prone areas.
C1 [Huang, Yu; Cheng, Hualin; Dai, Zili; Liu, Fang] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yu; Liu, Fang] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Sawada, Kazuhide; Yashima, Atsushi] Gifu Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Gifu 5011193, Japan.
   [Moriguchi, Shuji] Tohoku Univ, Int Res Inst Disaster Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Gifu University; Tohoku University
RP Huang, Y (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM yhuang@tongji.edu.cn
TC 60
Z9 68
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD NOV
PY 2015
VL 74
IS 4
BP 1137
EP 1151
DI 10.1007/s10064-014-0705-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000362961400004
ER

PT J
AU Chen, Y
   Wei, YM
   Wang, QJ
   Chen, F
   Lu, CY
   Lei, SH
AF Chen, Yu
   Wei, Yongming
   Wang, Qinjun
   Chen, Fang
   Lu, Chunyan
   Lei, Shaohua
TI Mapping Post-Earthquake Landslide Susceptibility: A U-Net Like Approach
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM); convolutional neural network
   (CNN); U-net; post-earthquake; support vector machine (SVM); logistic
   regression (LR)
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FREQUENCY RATIO;
   GIS; PREDICTION; MACHINE; MODELS; SYSTEM; AREA
AB A serious earthquake could trigger thousands of landslides and produce some slopes more sensitive to slide in future. Landslides could threaten human's lives and properties, and thus mapping the post-earthquake landslide susceptibility is very valuable for a rapid response to landslide disasters in terms of relief resource allocation and posterior earthquake reconstruction. Previous researchers have proposed many methods to map landslide susceptibility but seldom considered the spatial structure information of the factors that influence a slide. In this study, we first developed a U-net like model suitable for mapping post-earthquake landslide susceptibility. The post-earthquake high spatial airborne images were used for producing a landslide inventory. Pre-earthquake Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) images and the influencing factors such as digital elevation model (DEM), slope, aspect, multi-scale topographic position index (mTPI), lithology, fault, road network, streams network, and macroseismic intensity (MI) were prepared as the input layers of the model. Application of the model to the heavy-hit area of the destructive 2008 Wenchuan earthquake resulted in a high validation accuracy (precision 0.77, recall 0.90, F1 score 0.83, and AUC 0.90). The performance of this U-net like model was also compared with those of traditional logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) models on both the model area and independent testing area with the former being stronger than the two traditional models. The U-net like model introduced in this paper provides us the inspiration that balancing the environmental influence of a pixel itself and its surrounding pixels to perform a better landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) task is useful and feasible when using remote sensing and GIS technology.
C1 [Chen, Yu; Wei, Yongming; Wang, Qinjun; Chen, Fang] Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, CAS Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Qinjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Hainan Res Inst, Key Lab Earth Observat Hainan Prov, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Sanya 572029, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Chunyan] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Comp & Informat Sci, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
   [Lei, Shaohua] Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Aerospace Information Research Institute,
   CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Aerospace Information Research
   Institute, CAS; Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University; Nanjing Normal
   University
RP Chen, Y (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, CAS Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
EM chenyu@radi.ac.cn; wei_fu@sina.com; wangqj@radi.ac.cn;
   chenfang@radi.ac.cn; luchunyan@fafu.edu.cn; 171301035@stu.njnu.edu.cn
TC 27
Z9 30
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD SEP
PY 2020
VL 12
IS 17
AR 2767
DI 10.3390/rs12172767
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000569642300001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, ZL
   Wang, T
   Wu, SR
AF Zhang Ze-lin
   Wang Tao
   Wu Shu-ren
TI Distribution and features of landslides in the Tianshui Basin, Northwest
   China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Loess Plateau; Landslide distribution; large-scale landslide; landslide
   types; slide distance; Qinling fault
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GANSU PROVINCE; HEAVY RAINFALL; DEBRIS FLOW; LOESS;
   DEFORMATION; INVENTORY; MECHANISM; AVALANCHE; HAZARD
AB Landslides in Tianshui Basin, Gansu Province, Northwest China, severely affect the local population and the economy; therefore, understanding their evolution and kinematics is of great interest for landslide risk assessment and prevention. However, there is no unified classification standard for the types of loess landslides in Tianshui. In this study, we explored the landslide distribution and failure characteristics by means of field investigation, remote sensing interpretation, geological mapping, drilling exploration and shearwave velocity tests, and established a database of Tianshui landslides. Our analysis shows that shear zones in mudstone usually develop in weak intercalated layers. Landslides occur mainly along the West Qinling faults on slopes with gradients of 10 degrees to 25 degrees and on southeast- and southwest-facing slopes. These landslides were classified into five types: loess landslides, loess-mudstone interface landslides, loess flow-slides, loess-mudstone plane landslides and loess-mudstone cutting landslides. We discussed the evolution and failure process of each landslide type and analyzed the formation mechanism and motion characteristics of large-scale landslides. The analysis results show that the landslides in the study area are characterized by a gentle slope, long runout and high risk. The relationship between the runout L and the vertical drop H of the large-scale landslides in the study area is L > 4H. There are good correlations between the equivalent friction coefficient of largescale landslides and their maximum height, runout, area and volume. The sliding zone of large-scale landslides often develops in the bedrock contact zone or in a weak interlayer within mudstone. From microstructure analysis, undisturbed mudstone consists mainly of small aggregates with dispersed inter-aggregate pores, whereas sheared clay has a more homogeneous structure. Linear striations are well developed on shear surfaces, and the clay pores in those surfaces have a more uniform distribution than those in undisturbed clay.
C1 [Zhang Ze-lin] China Agr Univ, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Tao; Wu Shu-ren] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 China Agricultural University; China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy
   of Geological Sciences; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences
RP Zhang, ZL (corresponding author), China Agr Univ, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM 249133236@qq.com; 58227005@qq.com; 18601257415@163.com
TC 22
Z9 26
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAR
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 3
BP 686
EP 708
DI 10.1007/s11629-019-5595-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000519163500014
ER

PT J
AU Yu, B
   Chen, F
   Muhammad, S
   Li, B
   Wang, L
   Wu, MQ
AF Yu, Bo
   Chen, Fang
   Muhammad, Shakir
   Li, Bin
   Wang, Li
   Wu, Mingquan
TI A Simple But Effective Landslide Detection Method Based on Image
   Saliency
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLASSIFICATION; HAZARD
AB Effective large-scale landslide mapping is becoming significantly important for analyzing natural hazards and providing landslide locations rapidly for emergency response. Change detection and machine learning methods are commonly used for landslide detection. Change detection mostly relies on several experienced parameters that users have to tune for different images, which limits the practical application. The training machine learning model consumes much time, and it is limited to specific imaging conditions. In this paper, a simple method for landslide detection using a fixed parameter by calculating image saliency is proposed. Landslide is detected as a saliency object within the background of vegetation and bare rocks. It is fast and robust for the experimental images, and outperforms the state-of-the-art, semi-automatic method in terms of accuracy and computing time. Given the high efficiency and robustness of the proposed method, it is applicable to practical cases for hazard estimation.
C1 [Yu, Bo; Chen, Fang; Li, Bin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Fang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Hainan Key Lab Earth Observat, Sanya 572029, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Fang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Muhammad, Shakir] Univ Peshawar KPK Pakistan, Dept Geog, Peshawar, Pakistan.
   [Wang, Li; Wu, Mingquan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing
   & Digital Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of
   Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, CAS
RP Chen, F (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.; Chen, F (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Hainan Key Lab Earth Observat, Sanya 572029, Peoples R China.; Chen, F (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM chenfang@radi.ac.cn
TC 8
Z9 10
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA
SN 0099-1112
EI 2374-8079
PD MAY
PY 2017
VL 83
IS 5
BP 351
EP 363
DI 10.14358/PERS.83.5.351
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000400250800005
ER

PT J
AU Jiao, QJ
   Zhang, B
   Liu, LY
   Li, ZW
   Yue, YM
   Hu, Y
AF Jiao, Quanjun
   Zhang, Bing
   Liu, Liangyun
   Li, Zhenwang
   Yue, Yuemin
   Hu, Yong
TI Assessment of spatio-temporal variations in vegetation recovery after
   the Wenchuan earthquake using Landsat data
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Vegetation recovery; Landsat; Aerial photography
ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; AREA; DESTRUCTION; DYNAMICS; DISASTER; DAMAGE
AB The 8.0-magnitude Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 damaged the ecology of northwestern Sichuan, China. This study assessed ecological changes within a few years of the earthquake through satellite observations of vegetation dynamics in the earthquake area. As an ecological indicator, the fractional vegetation cover was extracted using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index based on multi-year Landsat images and was validated using airborne images. We found that the entire mountainous disaster area had recovered by 68.45 % 3 years after the 2008 earthquake. After rapid recovery of vegetation in 2009, the recovery process slowed. The vegetation recovery rate (VRR) in the area heavily damaged by landslides was slightly lower but nearly that of the entire disaster area. In addition, because of differences in the proportions of soil and rock in the damaged areas, recovery of vegetation in the southwest portion of the study area was slower than in the northeast areas. Topographic analysis of vegetation recovery patterns indicated that damage to vegetation was closely related to slope, while recovery of vegetation was more sensitive to elevation. The landscape analysis showed that the recovery rate (65.21 %) of the excellent vegetation cover type was slower than the overall VRR. This study suggests that vegetation recovery is a slow ecological process and that ecological restoration should be implemented in mountainous regions affected by the earthquake.
C1 [Jiao, Quanjun; Zhang, Bing; Liu, Liangyun; Li, Zhenwang; Hu, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Yue, Yuemin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Subtropical
   Agriculture, CAS
RP Zhang, B (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
EM zhangbing@ceode.ac.cn
TC 28
Z9 37
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JAN
PY 2014
VL 70
IS 2
BP 1309
EP 1326
DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0875-8
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000331393200018
ER

PT J
AU You, Y
   Liu, JF
   Chen, XZ
AF You Yong
   Liu Jinfeng
   Chen Xingzhang
TI Design of Sluiceway Channel in a Landslide Dam triggered by the Wenchuan
   Earthquake
SO DISASTER ADVANCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; barrier lake; Zongqu gully; sluiceway channel;
   cross section design
AB Many barrier dams formed around the epicenter when the Wenchuan earthquake occurred. The outburst flood of barrier lakes seriously threatens the safety of people and property downstream. Sluiceway channel is the most commonly used barrier lake hazard mitigation measure. Therefore, how to choose the cross section size to let the sluiceway have the optimal drainage capacity is very important. This study applies the Zongqu barrier dam as an example for discussing the optimal cross section design for the sluiceway channel. Based on the general background and filed investigation, the basic characteristics of the barrier dam are analyzed.
   Then, the peak discharge of 3.21 outburst flood is calculated. At last, the cross section size parameter (beta) and the cross section characteristic parameter (M) under the optimal cross section condition are introduced. The hydraulic radius (R) of the sluiceway channel with optimal discharge, the depth of sluice channel (h) and the bottom width (b) are deduced when the discharge of the outburst flood (Q) and the longitudinal gradient (I) are known. The results indicate that debris flows formed from the original landslide and residual materials are the main reason for the partial outburst of the barrier dam in March 21, 2009. According to the calculating results, the peak discharge of the outburst flood in the dam site was 318.8 m(3)/s. As a result, the cross section width is 6.13 m and the depth is 4.96 m of the Zongqu barrier dam sluice channel under the condition of optimal overflow.
C1 [You Yong; Liu Jinfeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [You Yong; Liu Jinfeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Xingzhang] SW Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resource, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Southwest University of Science &
   Technology - China
RP You, Y (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Surface Proc & Hazards, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM yyong@imde.ac.cn
TC 8
Z9 13
PU DISASTER ADVANCES
PI INDORE
PA SECTOR AG-80, SCHEME NO 54, VIJAY NAGAR, A B RD, INDORE, 452010, INDIA
SN 0974-262X
EI 2278-4543
PD OCT
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 4
BP 241
EP 249
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000313100100039
ER

PT J
AU Liu, RL
   Han, YH
   Xiao, J
   Wang, T
AF Liu, Renli
   Han, Yanhui
   Xiao, Jun
   Wang, Tao
TI Failure mechanism of TRSS mode in landslides induced by earthquake
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID LOMA-PRIETA; SLOPE
AB Investigation of the slopes in the Wenchuan earthquake shows that tension failures appear in the upper part in many landslides. The typical failure mode can be generalized as "tensile-rupture and sheared-sliding" (TRSS). In this paper, the distinct element method (DEM) is employed to simulate the gradual failure process of the Tangjiashan landslide under the excitation of the Wenchuan earthquake. It is found that the first failure is the appearance of deep tension cracks on the top, and then shearing slip along the bottom. The posterior fracture is deep, steep, and rough, and the bottom shear slip surface has a relatively gently dip. The simulation shows the failure mode of TRSS in the slope can be well reproduced, and the geological and mechanical mechanisms can be revealed in the DEM model.
C1 [Liu, Renli; Xiao, Jun; Wang, Tao] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Water Resources & Hydropower Engn S, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
   [Han, Yanhui] Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Environm & Geoengn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
C3 Wuhan University; University of Minnesota System; University of
   Minnesota Twin Cities
RP Wang, T (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Water Resources & Hydropower Engn S, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
EM htwang@whu.edu.cn
TC 15
Z9 16
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD DEC 7
PY 2020
VL 10
IS 1
AR 21326
DI 10.1038/s41598-020-78503-y
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000604260500001
ER

PT J
AU Yuan, RM
   Wang, Y
   Jin, JL
   Cunningham, D
AF Yuan, Renmao
   Wang, Ying
   Jin, Jialiang
   Cunningham, Dickson
TI Local structural and geomorphological controls on landsliding at the
   Leigu restraining bend of the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault system during the
   2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; Leigu landslide; Longmenshan; Restraining
   bend; Beichuan fault
ID LONGMEN SHAN; TIBETAN PLATEAU; EASTERN TIBET; EVOLUTION; RUPTURE;
   TOPOGRAPHY; MOTIONS; RANGE; CHINA
AB The 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake produced many damaging landslides in the Longmenshan region along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China. Among the thousands of reported landslides, some are geologically notable because of their close spatial relationship to local fault rupture complexities. The Leigu landslide is particularly interesting because it formed at a restraining bend along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault system in a structural position that favored hill-slope collapse because of a variety of preexisting structural and geomorphological conditions. The 2008 landslide reactivated an older landslide that is indicated by a preserved paleo-scarp upslope from the main 2008 event scarp. Our field and analytical results coupled with a review of existing geological information on the region indicate that the landslide site is located between two regional folds with opposing plunge directions and that the restraining bend is the displacement transfer zone between two parallel, but offset segments of the Beichuan-Yingxui Fault system. In addition, NE-oriented steep joints were reactivated as slip surfaces in the upper slopes of the landslide area within an anticline hinge zone that focuses vertical uplift. Steep valley walls due to incision of the antecedent Laochangkou River and abundant rainfall during the earthquake period, combined with intense seismic acceleration were contributing factors to the landslide event. During the earthquake, approximately equal components of strike-slip and SEdirected thrusting occurred on surface ruptures within the bend, offsetting older landslide deposits and man-made structures. Field results indicate that sliding was facilitated by loose unconsolidated materials from the previous landslide that were remobilized above a soft, low-friction basal slip surface. The Leigu landslide provides an important case study for evaluating potential landslide hazards close to active fault systems where complex 3-D structural geometries and high-relief, steep terrain combine to generate significant ground instability during large magnitude earthquakes.
C1 [Yuan, Renmao; Wang, Ying; Jin, Jialiang] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Jialiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Cunningham, Dickson] Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Dept Environm Earth Sci, 83 Windham St, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; Connecticut State University System; Eastern
   Connecticut State University
RP Yuan, RM (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Cunningham, D (corresponding author), Eastern Connecticut State Univ, Dept Environm Earth Sci, 83 Windham St, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA.
EM yuanrm@gmail.com; cunninghamw@easternct.edu
TC 6
Z9 10
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 12
BP 2485
EP 2498
DI 10.1007/s10346-019-01264-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000509669500015
ER

PT J
AU Duyan, XK
   Zhao, Y
   Li, Y
   Cui, P
   Wang, DY
AF Duyan, Xiaokang
   Zhao, Yu
   Li, Yong
   Cui, Peng
   Wang, Dongyuan
TI Probability distribution of landslides caused by earthquake-A case study
   in Wenchuan-Dujiangyan highway
SO DISASTER ADVANCES
DT Article
DE landslide triggered by earthquake; Newmark displacement; Gibson model;
   probability
AB Gibson model based on Newmark displacement is used to calculate the probability distribution of landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. The study area is taken at the Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway, where 169 landslides were identified. It is found that the probability increases with the increase of the Newmark displacement. When the displacement is smaller than 14cm, the probability rises abruptly and it finally achieves the top value of 30% or so. It is also found that 83% of the landslide in the study area are under probability of 5% and only 3% of them have probability bigger than 20%.
C1 [Zhao, Yu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS
RP Zhao, Y (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM zhaoyu@imde.ac.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU DISASTER ADVANCES
PI INDORE
PA SECTOR AG-80, SCHEME NO 54, VIJAY NAGAR, A B RD, INDORE, 452010, INDIA
SN 0974-262X
EI 2278-4543
PD OCT
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 4
BP 233
EP 235
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000282837700045
ER

PT J
AU Li, TY
   He, BH
   Wang, RX
   Chen, ZP
   Zhang, Y
   Liang, C
   Zhao, P
AF Li, Tianyang
   He, Binghui
   Wang, Renxin
   Chen, Zhanpeng
   Zhang, Yi
   Liang, Chuan
   Zhao, Peng
TI Comparison of hydrodynamic parameters for predicting soil and water loss
   on simulation landslide deposit slope in Wenchuan earthquake area, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Hydrodynamics; Gravel content; Landslide; Manning roughness coefficient;
   Flow depth
ID ROCK FRAGMENT COVER; SEDIMENT YIELD; EROSION MODEL; TRANSPORT CAPACITY;
   INTERRILL RUNOFF; OVERLAND-FLOW; INFILTRATION; HYDRAULICS; DETACHMENT;
   VELOCITY
AB Hydrodynamic parameters should be identified firstly for predicting soil and water loss with specific issues and objectives. The laboratory simulation scouring experiments were conducted with different gravel contents, flow discharges and slopes based on the field investigation, which achieved the most suitable parameter for predicting soil and water loss on simulation landslide deposit slope in Wenchuan earthquake area, China. The results showed that the gravel content of 25% always was the threshold that controlled the flow shear stress (tau) and stream power (omega) increased or decreased under different flow discharges. The unit stream power (UP) and unit flow energy (E) both decreased when gravel contents increased. The ratio of Manning coefficient to flow depth (n/h) was higher in fine sediments with gravels than that without gravels. The flow discharge had the consistent effects on hydrodynamics which was ordered as 4<8<12 L min(-1). The tau was the most suitable parameter for predicting soil and water loss by considering the degree of reliability, even though the omega also had significant positive power function with soil and water loss. The n/h could describe the hydrodynamics and soil and water loss and be the alternative parameter for predicting soil and water loss. The results provide useful information for soil and water loss prediction in landslide deposits.
C1 [Li, Tianyang; He, Binghui; Wang, Renxin; Chen, Zhanpeng] Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Beibei Dist, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tianyang; Liang, Chuan; Zhao, Peng] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Tianyang; Liang, Chuan; Zhao, Peng] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Liang, Chuan] Changjiang River Sci Res Inst, Chongqing Branch, Chongqing 400026, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University - China; Sichuan University; Sichuan University;
   Yangtze River Water Resources Protection Bureau
RP He, BH (corresponding author), Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Beibei Dist, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.
EM hebinghui@swu.edu.cn
TC 5
Z9 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD FEB
PY 2017
VL 76
IS 4
AR 167
DI 10.1007/s12665-017-6462-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000394965100029
ER

PT J
AU Sato, HP
   Harp, EL
AF Sato, H. P.
   Harp, E. L.
TI Interpretation of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May
   2008, M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Beichuan area, Sichuan Province,
   China using satellite imagery and Google Earth
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslides; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Earthquake; Google Earth; FORMOSAT-2;
   SPOT5; Satellite
AB The 12 May 2008 M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the People's Republic of China represented a unique opportunity for the international community to use commonly available GIS (Geographic Information System) tools, like Google Earth (GE), to rapidly evaluate and assess landslide hazards triggered by the destructive earthquake and its aftershocks. In order to map earthquake-triggered landslides, we provide details on the applicability and limitations of publicly available 3-day-post- and pre-earthquake imagery provided by GE from the FORMOSAT-2 (formerly ROCSAT-2; Republic of China Satellite 2). We interpreted landslides on the 8-m-resolution FORMOSAT-2 image by GE; as a result, 257 large landslides were mapped with the highest concentration along the Beichuan fault. An estimated density of 0.3 landslides/km(2) represents a minimum bound on density given the resolution of available imagery; higher resolution data would have identified more landslides. This is a preliminary study, and further study is needed to understand the landslide characteristics in detail. Although it is best to obtain landslide locations and measurements from satellite imagery having high resolution, it was found that GE is an effective and rapid reconnaissance tool.
C1 [Sato, H. P.] Geog Survey Inst, Geog & Crustal Dynam Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan.
   [Harp, E. L.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
C3 United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological
   Survey
RP Sato, HP (corresponding author), Geog Survey Inst, Geog & Crustal Dynam Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan.
EM hsato@gsi.go.jp
TC 129
Z9 162
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2009
VL 6
IS 2
BP 153
EP 159
DI 10.1007/s10346-009-0147-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000266262300007
ER

PT J
AU Hu, W
   Dong, XJ
   Xu, Q
   Wang, GH
   van Asch, TWJ
   Hicher, PY
AF Hu, W.
   Dong, X. J.
   Xu, Q.
   Wang, G. H.
   van Asch, T. W. J.
   Hicher, P. Y.
TI Initiation processes for run-off generated debris flows in the Wenchuan
   earthquake area of China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Run-off; Debris flow; Fluidization; Damming and breaching effect
ID 13 AUGUST 2010
AB The frequency of huge debris flows greatly increased in the epicenter area of the Wenchuan earthquake. Field investigation revealed that runoff during rainstorm played a major role in generating debris flows on the loose deposits, left by coseismic debris avalanches. However, the mechanisms of these runoff-generated debris flows are not well understood due to the complexity of the initiation processes. To better understand the initiation mechanisms, we simulated and monitored the initiation process in laboratory flume test, with the help of a 3D laser scanner. We found that run-off incision caused an accumulation of material down slope. This failed as shallow slides when saturated, transforming the process into debris in a second stage. After this initial phase, the debris flow volume increased rapidly by a chain of subsequent cascading processes starting with collapses of the side walls, damming and breaching, leading to a rapid widening of the erosion channel. In terms of erosion amount, the subsequent mechanisms were much more important than the initial one. The damming and breaching were found to be the main reasons for the huge magnitude of the debris flows in the post-earthquake area. It was also found that the tested material was susceptible to excess pore pressure and liquefaction in undrained triaxial, which may be a reason for the fluidization in the flume tests. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hu, W.; Dong, X. J.; Xu, Q.; van Asch, T. W. J.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 650023, Peoples R China.
   [van Asch, T. W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.
   [Wang, G. H.] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6068501, Japan.
   [Hicher, P. Y.] LUNAM Univ, Ecole Cent Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6183,GeM, Nantes, France.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Utrecht University; Kyoto University;
   Nantes Universite; Ecole Centrale de Nantes; Centre National de la
   Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Engineering &
   Systems Sciences (INSIS)
RP Dong, XJ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 650023, Peoples R China.
EM 16704937@qq.com
TC 47
Z9 49
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JAN 15
PY 2016
VL 253
BP 468
EP 477
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.10.024
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000367114100038
ER

PT J
AU Li, LJ
   Yao, X
   Zhang, YS
   Iqbal, J
   Chen, J
   Zhou, NJ
AF Li, Lingjing
   Yao, Xin
   Zhang, Yongshuang
   Iqbal, Javed
   Chen, Jian
   Zhou, Nengjuan
TI Surface recovery of landslides triggered by 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan
   earthquake (China): a case study in a typical mountainous watershed
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Geohazards; Landslides; Longmenshan mountain;
   Vegetation recovery
ID VEGETATION RECOVERY; IMPACTS; EROSION; TAIWAN
AB The Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on 12 May 2008 in southwestern China and triggered numerous landslides is one of the stronger ones in the steep eastern margins of the Tibetan Plateau. The surfaces of these landslides have recovered gradually with vegetation, which provide useful information about the evolution of geologic environment as well as the long-term assessment of landslides after earthquake. The Mianyuanhe watershed shows many co-seismic landslides. The active fault passing through its center is selected as a study area aiming to analyze the annual surface recovery rate (SRR) of landslides by interpretation of remote-sensing images in five periods from 2008 to 2013. The results are here described. (1) Although a large amount of loose deposits were transformed into debris flows, the surfaces of the landslides recovered rapidly with vegetation and almost no landslides occurred at new sites after the Wenchuan earthquake. In the year 2008, the exposed surface projected area (ESPA) of the landslides showed a total area of 56.3 km(2) and covered 28.9 % of the study area, which was reduced rapidly to 19.1 % in 2011 and 15.8 % in 2013. (2) The study area was divided into four geologic units, including clastic rocks, melange zone, carbonate rocks, and magmatic rocks. Smaller ESPAs and higher SRRs were found in the former two units versus the latter ones. (3) A single large landslide shows an SRR lower than a group of smaller ones having an equal total surface, while the SRRs of debris flows are lower than those of rockfalls and landslides. (4) The vegetation cover would return to the pre-earthquake level in 2020 approximately, which indicates that the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on landslides and debris-flows activities would cease almost completely.
C1 [Li, Lingjing; Yao, Xin; Zhang, Yongshuang; Zhou, Nengjuan] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Lingjing; Yao, Xin; Zhang, Yongshuang; Zhou, Nengjuan] MLR, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Lingjing; Chen, Jian] China Univ Geosci, Coll Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Iqbal, Javed] COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; China
   University of Geosciences; COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI)
RP Yao, X (corresponding author), MLR, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM yaoxinphd@163.com
TC 28
Z9 30
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD AUG
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 4
BP 787
EP 794
DI 10.1007/s10346-015-0594-1
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000385044500012
ER

PT J
AU Jie, D
   Xiang, ZL
   Wang, XK
   Zheng, PL
   Avtar, R
   Chen, XY
   Scaringi, G
   Luo, WQ
   Yunus, AP
AF Jie, Dou
   Xiang, Zilin
   Wang, Xiekang
   Zheng, Penglin
   Avtar, Ram
   Chen, Xinyu
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Luo, Wanqi
   Yunus, Ali P.
TI Post-seismic topographic shifts and delayed vegetation recovery in the
   epicentral area of the 2018 Mw 6.6 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake
SO PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY-EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake; LiDAR digital elevation models;
   vegetation recovery; post-seismic landslides; topographic shift
ID 7.9 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LANDSLIDE DETECTION;
   PREFECTURE; EROSION; TAIWAN; CHINA; RATES; SOIL
AB The 2018, M-w 6.6 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake in Japan triggered over 10,000 landsliding in an area spanning about 500 km(2), altering the local topography and leading to the accumulation of loose deposits on hillslopes and in valleys. However, a comprehensive post-seismic landslide inventory and an assessment of topographic changes are lacking, hindering a quantitative hazard assessment. Additionally, the extent of vegetation recovery in areas affected by coseismic landslides, a key indicator of post-seismic debris flow hazard, has not been evaluated. Here, we utilize high-resolution digital elevation models and multi-temporal satellite imagery to analyze topographic changes and vegetation dynamics in the earthquake's epicentral area (seismic intensity >5.5). We observe that the event roughened the overall gentle topography of the region and made the slopes steeper. Owing to the absence of significant rainstorms and snowmelt post 2018, only a few debris remobilizations (60) and new landslides (80) have occurred in the affected region. Moreover, we noticed a slow vegetation recovery in the post-seismic phase, suggesting that the likelihood of debris flows and gully erosion remains elevated, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and assessment.
C1 [Jie, Dou; Xiang, Zilin; Zheng, Penglin; Luo, Wanqi] China Univ Geosci, Fac Geosci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Xiekang] Sichuan Univ, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Avtar, Ram; Chen, Xinyu] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Japan.
   [Scaringi, Gianvito] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Hydrogeol Engn Geol & Appl Geophys, Fac Sci, Prague, Czech Republic.
   [Yunus, Ali P.] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res Mohali, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Sect 81, Knowledge City, Punjab, India.
C3 China University of Geosciences; Sichuan University; Hokkaido
   University; Charles University Prague; Indian Institute of Science
   Education & Research (IISER) - Mohali
RP Yunus, AP (corresponding author), Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res Mohali, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Sect 81, Knowledge City, Punjab, India.
EM yunusp@iisermohali.ac.in
TC 8
Z9 8
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0309-1333
EI 1477-0296
PD AUG
PY 2024
VL 48
IS 4
BP 595
EP 614
DI 10.1177/03091333241269201
EA AUG 2024
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001283453400001
ER

PT J
AU Ji, F
   Dai, ZL
   Li, RJ
AF Ji, Feng
   Dai, Zili
   Li, Renjie
TI A multivariate statistical method for susceptibility analysis of debris
   flow in southwestern China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID MODEL; EARTHQUAKE; SIMULATION; RUNOUT
AB Southwestern China is characterized by many steep mountains and deep valleys due to the uplift activity of the Tibetan Plateau. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake left large amounts of loose materials in this area, making it a severe disaster zone in terms of debris flow. Susceptibility is a significant factor of debris flows for evaluating their formation and impact. Therefore, there is an urgent need to analyze the susceptibility to debris flows of this area. To quantitatively predict the susceptibility of the area to debris flows, this study evaluates 70 typical debris flow gullies, which are distributed along the Brahmaputra River, Nujiang River, Yalong River, Dadu River, and Ming River, as statistical samples. Nine indexes are chosen to construct a factor index system and then to evaluate the susceptibility to debris flow. They are the catchment area, longitudinal gradient, average gradient of the slope on both sides of the gully, catchment morphology, valley orientation, loose material reserves, location of the main loose material, antecedent precipitation, and rainfall intensity. Following this, an empirical model based on the Type I quantification theory is established for susceptibility prediction for debris flows in southwestern China. Finally, 10 debris flow gullies upstream of the Dadu River are analyzed to verify the reliability of the proposed model. The results show that the accuracy of the statistical model is 90 %.
C1 [Ji, Feng; Li, Renjie] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Dai, Zili] Shanghai Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Shanghai University
RP Dai, ZL (corresponding author), Shanghai Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China.
EM 87zili.dai@gmail.com
TC 17
Z9 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PD MAY 18
PY 2020
VL 20
IS 5
BP 1321
EP 1334
DI 10.5194/nhess-20-1321-2020
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000535301800001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, YD
   Saadon, A
   Abdullah, J
   Pishro, AA
AF Zhao, Yuandi
   Saadon, Azlinda
   Abdullah, Jazuri
   Amini Pishro, Ahad
TI Review of research on testing and models of the trigger mechanism of
   slope debris flows
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Slope debris flow; Triggering mechanism; Triggering model; Rainfall
   pattern; Physical parameter of loose soil
ID PORE-PRESSURE-FLUCTUATIONS; GRAVEL SOIL; ANTECEDENT RAINFALL; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION CONTROL; INITIATION; INTENSITY;
   AREA; IDENTIFICATION
AB Slope debris flow (SDF) is a common geological disaster with complex formation processes and strong destructive forces causing significant casualties and economic losses in mountainous areas worldwide. Experimental research and models of the trigger mechanism of SDF are the key scientific issues as they provide the basis for studying technologies for the prevention, mitigation, prediction, and forecasting of these disasters. This paper summarizes the methods of data collection, analysis, and status of recent experimental research on the trigger mechanism and models of SDF under the action of artificial rainfall. The main progress and theoretical achievements related to the SDF are discussed in terms of the experimental parameter settings, the mechanism of water-soil coupling action, and the start-up model of SDF. On this basis, the suggestions for experimental research on the mechanism and models of triggers for debris flows are proposed. First, future experiments on debris flow triggering should increase the similarities between rainfall patterns and loose soil characteristics. Second, the mechanism research of SDF is needed on the changes in the physical and mechanical characteristics of soil and the response to debris flow triggers under enhanced rainfall. Third, the parameters of the debris flow trigger model should be simplified, and the model's applicability should be improved with artificial intelligence. Through these efforts, the debris flow trigger test under artificial rainfall should be developed and refined, and the microscopic and multi-factor correlations of water-soil coupling should be applied to reveal the debris flow trigger mechanism in greater detail and establish a more applicable model of debris flow triggering.
C1 [Zhao, Yuandi; Saadon, Azlinda; Abdullah, Jazuri] Univ Teknol MARA, Sch Civil Engn, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia.
   [Zhao, Yuandi; Amini Pishro, Ahad] Sichuan Univ Sci & Engn, Sch Civil Engn, Zigong 643000, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Universiti Teknologi MARA; Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
RP Saadon, A (corresponding author), Univ Teknol MARA, Sch Civil Engn, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia.
EM azlindasaadon@uitm.edu.my
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JUN
PY 2024
VL 120
IS 8
BP 7039
EP 7063
DI 10.1007/s11069-024-06478-4
EA MAR 2024
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001177377200001
ER

PT J
AU Han, Z
   Chen, GQ
   Li, YG
   Xu, LR
   Zheng, L
   Zhang, YB
AF Han, Zheng
   Chen, Guangqi
   Li, Yange
   Xu, Linrong
   Zheng, Lu
   Zhang, Yingbing
TI A new approach for analyzing the velocity distribution of debris flows
   at typical cross-sections
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Generalized model of cross-section; Velocity; Distribution
   profile
ID MANNING COEFFICIENT; EROSION
AB The asymmetrical distribution of debris-flow velocity in a cross-section has long been observed and is currently regarded as one of the most essential issues in debris-flow research. Due to a lack of quantitative models for the velocity distributions of debris flows, most studies consider only the mean velocity. However, to optimize countermeasure structures, to estimate the erosion rate, or to evaluate the constitutive equations for shear behavior, it is beneficial to know the velocity profile in a cross-section. In this paper, a generalized model of typical channel geometries (e. g., rectangular, trapezoid, or V-shape) is proposed. A description of the velocity distribution that optimizes the Manning-Strickler velocity equation for transverse distribution and Egashira's velocity equation for vertical distribution is presented; thus, the debris-flow velocity at any point in the cross-section can be calculated and the distribution profile therefore obtained. A well-documented debris-flow reference case and the Jiasikou debris flow in the high-seismic-intensity zone of the Wenchuan earthquake are selected as case studies to demonstrate the model. Analyses of both cases confirm the asymmetrical distribution of debris-flow velocity in cross-section, as originally expected. This shows that the velocity at the top surface in the middle of the channel is much larger than that at each sidewall and than the mean value calculated by former equations. The obtained velocity distribution profile is a better approximation of the observed field profiles.
C1 [Han, Zheng; Chen, Guangqi; Li, Yange; Zheng, Lu; Zhang, Yingbing] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Nishi Ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
   [Li, Yange; Xu, Linrong] Cent South Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
C3 Kyushu University; Central South University
RP Li, YG (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
EM hankzzz@163.com; liyange1984@gmail.com
TC 23
Z9 28
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD DEC
PY 2014
VL 74
IS 3
BP 2053
EP 2070
DI 10.1007/s11069-014-1276-3
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000345096800040
ER

PT J
AU Li, LF
   Li, GK
   Li, L
   Li, GJ
AF Li, Laifeng
   Li, Gen K.
   Li, Le
   Li, Gaojun
TI Landslide-Induced Weathering in Tectonically Active Mountains: Evidence
   From Dissolved Radiogenic Uranium Isotopes
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE landslide; chemical weathering; uranium isotope; tectonically active
   mountains; tectonic uplift
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; THRESHOLD
   HILLSLOPES; EROSION; RATES; SEDIMENT; RIVERINE; BEDROCK; CARBONATE;
   MODEL
AB Understanding weathering processes in landslide-dominated catchments is critical for evaluating the role of landslides in chemical weathering and the global carbon cycle. Previous studies have focused on solute concentrations in landslide-impacted landscapes, but have paid less attention to developing isotopic tracers of landslide-induced weathering fluxes. Recent work found that the dissolved radiogenic uranium isotopes in river water are closely related to the denudation rates in catchments draining steep mountains where landslides are thought to be a major erosion mechanism, suggesting the potential of uranium isotopes to trace landslide-induced weathering fluxes. Here we compile the dissolved radiogenic uranium isotopes (U-234/U-238 ratios) in the river water samples from a group of catchments with variable landslide activities in the Minjiang River Basin at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. We derive three metrics of landslide activity from the analyses of digital topography and an inventory map of the co-seismic landslides triggered by the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake: the normalized volume of landslides, the mean catchment slope angle, and the fraction of slopes steeper than a threshold angle beyond which slopes are mechanically unstable. The riverine dissolved U-234/U-238 ratios correlate negatively with the metrics of landslide activity in each catchment, which likely reflect the influence of landslides on the dissolved U-234/U-238 ratios. Mechanistically, enhanced bedrock landsliding would accelerate the exposure of fresh rock, promoting bedrock weathering and congruent dissolution of U-234 and U-238 contained in minerals; reduced landslide activities and enhanced regolith weathering would lead to preferential accumulation of U-234 against U-238 in solutes through alpha-recoil ejection, thus increasing dissolved U-234/U-238. Our findings provide field evidence of using the riverine dissolved U-234/U-238 ratio to trace weathering fluxes driven by landslides, shedding new light on chemical weathering processes in uplifting mountains.
C1 [Li, Laifeng; Li, Le; Li, Gaojun] Nanjing Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, MOE Key Lab Surficial Geochem, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Laifeng] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Ocean Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Laifeng; Li, Le; Li, Gaojun] Nanjing Univ, Frontiers Sci Ctr Crit Earth Mat Cycling, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Gen K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
C3 Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Nanjing University; University
   of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
RP Li, LF (corresponding author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, MOE Key Lab Surficial Geochem, Nanjing, Peoples R China.; Li, LF (corresponding author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Ocean Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China.; Li, LF (corresponding author), Nanjing Univ, Frontiers Sci Ctr Crit Earth Mat Cycling, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
EM lilaifeng@nju.edu.cn
TC 6
Z9 6
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD MAR 2
PY 2022
VL 10
AR 825818
DI 10.3389/feart.2022.825818
SC Geology
UT WOS:000771611700001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, M
   Deng, MF
   Chen, NS
   Tian, SF
   Wang, T
AF Liu, Mei
   Deng, Mingfeng
   Chen, Ningsheng
   Tian, Shufeng
   Wang, Tao
TI Analysis of the Low-Frequency Debris Flow Disaster Induced by a Local
   Rainstorm on 12 July 2022, in Pingwu County, China
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE low-frequency debris flow; local rainstorm; large catchment; boulder
   blockage; discharge amplification
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; LANDSLIDES; INITIATION;
   HAZARD; AMPLIFICATION; UNCERTAINTY; FAILURE; SICHUAN; IMPACT
AB Low-frequency debris flows often lead to severe disasters due to large energy releases and strong concealment. However, the understanding of formation conditions, movement processes, and disaster-causing mechanisms of low-frequency debris flow is still limited, especially regarding occurrences within the large catchment (>50 km2). This study presents a typical case of large-scale, low-frequency debris flow occurring in the Heishui catchment (102.65 km(2)), Pingwu County, China. The movement process, disaster characteristics, and causes of the Heishui debris flow were analyzed in detail through field investigations and remote sensing interpretation. The results indicated that the Heishui debris flow is a large-scale, low-frequency, dilute debris flow with a recurrence period of over 100 years. The debris flow was primarily initiated from the right branch gully, Longchi gully, triggered by a local rainstorm with a maximum hourly rainfall return period of over 20 years. The main cause of casualties and building damage is attributed to large energy releases from boulder blockages and outbursts that occurred in the middle part of the main channel. This led to a sudden increase in peak discharge to 1287 m(3)/s, with a volume of 3.5 x 10(5) m(3) of solid materials being transported to the outlet of the gully. It is essential to enhance the identification of debris flows by comprehensively considering tributary gullies' susceptibility and strengthening joint meteorological and hydrological monitoring networks in the middle and upper reaches within large catchments. This preliminary work contributes towards improving prevention and mitigation strategies for low-frequency debris flows occurring within large catchments.
C1 [Liu, Mei] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Management, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Mei; Deng, Mingfeng; Chen, Ningsheng; Tian, Shufeng; Wang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Xihua University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Wang, T (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM lmeimei@mail.xhu.edu.cn; dmf@imde.ac.cn; chennsh@imde.ac.cn;
   tiansf@imde.ac.cn; wtwang@imde.ac.cn
TC 3
Z9 4
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD MAY
PY 2024
VL 16
IS 9
AR 1547
DI 10.3390/rs16091547
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001220561000001
ER

PT J
AU Dai, ZL
   Huang, Y
   Cheng, HL
   Xu, Q
AF Dai, Zili
   Huang, Yu
   Cheng, Hualin
   Xu, Qiang
TI SPH model for fluid-structure interaction and its application to debris
   flow impact estimation
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Impact force; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics;
   Fluid-structure interaction
ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; DRY GRANULAR FLOW;
   NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FORCE; BEHAVIOR; AVALANCHES; CAMPANIA; MUD
AB On 13 August 2010, significant debris flows were triggered by intense rainfall events in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, destroying numerous houses, bridges, and traffic facilities. To investigate the impact force of debris flows, a fluid-structure coupled numerical model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics is established in this work. The debris flow material is modeled as a viscous fluid, and the check dams are simulated as elastic solid (note that only the maximum impact forces are evaluated in this work). The governing equations of both phases are solved respectively, and their interaction is calculated. We validate the model with the simulation of a sand flow model test and confirm its ability to calculate the impact force. The Wenjia gully and Hongchun gully debris flows are simulated as the application of the coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamic model. The propagation of the debris flows is then predicted, and we obtain the evolution of the impact forces on the check dams.
C1 [Dai, Zili; Huang, Yu; Cheng, Hualin] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yu] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Dai, Zili] China Three Gorges Univ, Hubei Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Reduct, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; China Three Gorges University;
   Chengdu University of Technology
RP Huang, Y (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM yhuang@tongji.edu.cn
TC 153
Z9 165
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 3
BP 917
EP 928
DI 10.1007/s10346-016-0777-4
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000401697900011
ER

PT J
AU Wang, J
   Jin, ZD
   Hilton, RG
   Zhang, F
   Densmore, AL
   Li, G
   West, AJ
AF Wang, Jin
   Jin, Zhangdong
   Hilton, Robert G.
   Zhang, Fei
   Densmore, Alexander L.
   Li, Gen
   West, A. Joshua
TI Controls on fluvial evacuation of sediment from earthquake-triggered
   landslides
SO GEOLOGY
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CENTRAL TAIWAN; NEW-ZEALAND; EROSION;
   DELIVERY; RATES
AB Large earthquakes in active mountain belts can trigger landslides, which mobilize large volumes of clastic sediment. Delivery of this material to river channels may result in aggradation and flooding, while sediment residing on hillslopes may increase the likelihood of subsequent landslides and debris flows. Despite recognition of these processes, the controls on the residence time of coseismic landslide sediment in river catchments remain poorly understood. Here we assess the residence time of fine-grained (<0.25 mm) landslide sediment mobilized by the C.E. 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China, using daily suspended sediment discharge measured in 16 river catchments from 2006-2012. Following the earthquake, suspended sediment discharge was elevated 3-7x compared to 2006-2007. However, the total 2008-2012 export (92.5 +/- 9.3 Mt from 68,719 km(2)) was much less than estimates of fine-grained sediment input by coseismic landslides (480 + 350/-338 Mt) determined by landslide area-volume scaling and deposit grain-size distributions. We estimate the residence time of fine-grained sediment in the affected river catchments using the post-earthquake rate of sediment export, and find that it ranges from one year to over a century. The first-order variability in fine-sediment residence time is proportional to the areal extent of coseismic landsliding, and is inversely proportional to the frequency of intense runoff events (>5 mm day(-1)). Together with previous observations from the C.E. 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, our results demonstrate the importance of landslide density and runoff intensity in setting the duration of earthquake-triggered landslide impacts on river systems.
C1 [Wang, Jin; Jin, Zhangdong; Zhang, Fei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710075, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Jin; Hilton, Robert G.; Densmore, Alexander L.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Wang, Jin] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Zhangdong] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian 710049, Peoples R China.
   [Densmore, Alexander L.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Li, Gen; West, A. Joshua] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS; Durham
   University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy
   of Sciences, CAS; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Durham University;
   University of Southern California
RP Wang, J (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710075, Peoples R China.
EM zhdjin@ieecas.cn
TC 120
Z9 135
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
EI 1943-2682
PD FEB
PY 2015
VL 43
IS 2
BP 115
EP 118
DI 10.1130/G36157.1
SC Geology
UT WOS:000352095800005
ER

PT J
AU Jeandet, L
   Steer, P
   Lague, D
   Davy, P
AF Jeandet, L.
   Steer, P.
   Lague, D.
   Davy, P.
TI Coulomb Mechanics and Relief Constraints Explain Landslide Size
   Distribution
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MOUNTAIN BELT; SLOPE-FAILURE; TOPOGRAPHY;
   EROSION; MODEL; SEDIMENT; MOBILITY; AREAS; RATES
AB Despite the idea that topography could control landslide size scaling law, the contribution of landscape geometry to landslide size distribution remains elusive. We define a simple mechanical model accounting for the complexity and variability of natural hillslopes to infer the landslide depth probability density function (PDF) in a given landscape and upscale it to landslide area PDF. This model is based on both a Mohr-Coulomb stability analysis, accounting for cohesion and friction, and a criterion of intersection between rupture planes and the topographic surface. It can reproduce the distribution of observed landslide areas triggered by several past events. We found the ranges of effective cohesion (10-35 kPa) and friction (20-45 degrees) consistent with previous estimates of large-scale rock strength. Using synthetic topographies, we found that the finite geometry of hillslopes (length, steepness, and concavity) exerts a first-order control on the PDF of landslide areas, especially for large landslides.
C1 [Jeandet, L.; Steer, P.; Lague, D.; Davy, P.] Univ Rennes, CNRS, Geosci Rennes, UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France.
C3 Universite de Rennes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
   (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU)
RP Jeandet, L (corresponding author), Univ Rennes, CNRS, Geosci Rennes, UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France.
EM louise.jeandet@univ-rennes1.fr
TC 51
Z9 55
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
PD APR 28
PY 2019
VL 46
IS 8
BP 4258
EP 4266
DI 10.1029/2019GL082351
SC Geology
UT WOS:000467949200022
ER

PT J
AU Ruan, HC
   Chen, HY
   Chen, XQ
   Zhao, WY
   Chen, JG
   Jiang, Y
   Wang, T
   Li, X
   Yang, ZW
AF Ruan, Hechun
   Chen, Huayong
   Chen, Xiaoqing
   Zhao, Wanyu
   Chen, Jiangang
   Jiang, Yao
   Wang, Tao
   Li, Xiao
   Yang, Zewen
TI A discharge regulating method for the whole process of the debris flow
   dam failure
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Debris flow dam; Outburst floods; Peak discharge; Flexible protective
   net; Discharge regulation
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RIVER BLOCKING; EROSION
AB Barrier dams formed by the large-scale debris flow that blocks the river often are subjected to a high risk of break. The catastrophic flood arising from dam break has been confirmed as the most serious hazard-causing body of the debris flow dams. A novel method is proposed in this study to regulate the discharge of the debris flow dam break based on a flexible protective net (FPN). Next, 17 sets of flume experiments were performed to investigate the effects of different inflow discharges, dam grain size distribution, and downstream boundary locations of the FPN on discharge regulating effectiveness, such that the flow regulating mechanism of the FPN was revealed. As indicated by the results, (1) a significant traceability scarp was formed in the debris flow dam-break process. The whole dam-break process fell into three stages, i.e., traceability scarp formation, traceability scarp erosion, and traceability scarp decline. (2) When the downstream boundary of the FPN was located close to the downstream dam toe of the debris flow dam, regardless of the inflow discharge and the grain size distribution of the dam, the FPN laid on the surface of the debris flow dam took on critical effect in regulating the outburst discharge. (3) The inhibitory effect of the FPN on the particle initiation and the interception effect on particle transport, as well as the energy dissipation effect of the FPN and coarsening layer on outburst flood, fundamentally accounted for the good flow regulating effect of the above-described method. The method proposed in this study is capable of achieving an ideal outburst flood regulating effect by ensuring construction safety.
C1 [Ruan, Hechun; Chen, Huayong; Chen, Xiaoqing; Zhao, Wanyu; Chen, Jiangang; Jiang, Yao; Wang, Tao; Li, Xiao; Yang, Zewen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Ruan, Hechun; Chen, Huayong; Chen, Xiaoqing; Zhao, Wanyu; Chen, Jiangang; Jiang, Yao; Wang, Tao; Li, Xiao; Yang, Zewen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Ruan, Hechun; Chen, Huayong; Chen, Xiaoqing; Zhao, Wanyu; Chen, Jiangang; Jiang, Yao; Wang, Tao; Li, Xiao; Yang, Zewen] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100000, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Chen, XQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.; Chen, XQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.; Chen, XQ (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100000, Peoples R China.
EM ruanhechun@imde.ac.cn; xqchen@imde.ac.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAY
PY 2025
VL 22
IS 5
BP 1509
EP 1527
DI 10.1007/s10346-024-02400-y
EA JAN 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001426850200001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, JM
   Zhang, YB
   Chen, YL
   Wang, QD
   Xiang, CL
   Fu, HY
   Wang, P
   Zhao, JX
   Zhao, LH
AF Wang, Jinmei
   Zhang, Yingbin
   Chen, Yanlong
   Wang, Qingdong
   Xiang, Chenlin
   Fu, Haiying
   Wang, Pan
   Zhao, John X.
   Zhao, Lian-heng
TI Back-analysis of Donghekou landslide using improved DDA considering
   joint roughness degradation
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Discontinuous deformation analysis; Strength degradation; Joint
   roughness; Barton&#8211; Bandis criterion; Earthquake-induced landside;
   Dynamic process
ID DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; FRICTION DEGRADATION; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; ROCK JOINTS; BEHAVIOR; VELOCITY; FAULT
AB Currently, the dynamic behavior of high-speed long-runout landslides triggered by earthquakes remains unclear due to the complexity of such phenomena. Degradation in the shear strength of rock masses is considered a primary factor contributing to the high velocities and long runout distances of these landslides. In this study, the strength degradation induced by changes in rock joint morphology is analyzed considering a numerical model of the Donghekou landslide, by using discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). First, an exponential joint roughness degradation function (i.e., JRC(m)) that depends on displacement is incorporated with the nonlinear Barton-Bandis (B-B) shear strength criterion, and this modified B-B criterion is combined with the DDA. Moreover, a virtual joint is introduced in the DDA to model the propagation of cracks in intact rock masses, in order to simulate the dynamic phenomenon of earthquake-induced landslides. Subsequently, this improved DDA (IDDA) is validated via simulations of a shear test and a sliding block over an inclined plane. Finally, the IDDA is employed to simulate the Donghekou landslide, which was induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Furthermore, the entire dynamic process of the landslide, including crack propagation, instability, initiation, and motion, is depicted. The simulated deposit patterns obtained via the IDDA are in good agreement with the results of field investigations. The simulation results also prove that the IDDA can reflect key movement behaviors of Donghekou landslide and that the degradation of rock joints significantly influences the long runout distance and high velocity of sliding mass.
C1 [Wang, Jinmei; Zhang, Yingbin; Wang, Qingdong; Xiang, Chenlin; Fu, Haiying] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yingbin; Chen, Yanlong] China Univ Min & Technol, State Key Lab GeoMech & Deep Underground Engn, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Pan] China Railway Acad Co Ltd, Chengdu 610032, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, John X.] Shandong Jianzhu Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Jinan 250101, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Lian-heng] Cent South Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha 410075, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; China University of Mining & Technology;
   Shandong Jianzhu University; Central South University
RP Zhang, YB; Fu, HY (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM yingbinz719@swjtu.edu.cn; hyfu@home.swjtu.edu.cn
TC 34
Z9 38
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAY
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 5
BP 1925
EP 1935
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01586-1
EA JAN 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000604149600001
ER

PT J
AU Yin, C
   Zhang, JL
AF Yin, Chao
   Zhang, Jinglei
TI Hazard regionalization of debris-flow disasters along highways in China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Debris-flow disaster along highway (DFDH); Hazard assessment; Assessment
   indicator; Spatial analysis; Hazard regionalization
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE AREA; PREDICTION; RAINFALL; SIMULATION; SCALE
AB Regional differences in China's natural landscape involve significant differences in the distributions of debris-flow disasters along highways (DFDHs), which makes it very difficult to forecast, identify, and provide early warnings for such disasters. Previous research mainly focused on single-gully debris-flow disasters or a number of debris-flow disasters with similar morphological characteristics, which could not reflect the inherent mechanisms leading to the occurrence of DFDHs. Hazard regionalization of DFDHs in China can clarify the priorities and protection standards for different areas in China, and provide a theoretical basis for macro-policy formulation. We identify the hazard sources of DFDHs, extract hazard assessment indicators, and calculate the weight of each indicator using a cloud model-improved analytic hierarchy process. We draw basic maps of assessment indicators and perform a spatial analysis of hazard of DFDHs using ArcGIS, and a hazard regionalization scheme for DFDHs in China is developed. The results show that the degree of hazard of DFDHs in China ranges from 1.000 to 7.900. China is divided into low, moderate, severe, and extremely severe hazard areas. The extremely severe hazard areas are the Loess Plateau (north part of the QinBa Mountain area), the Taiwan-Wuyi Mountain area, the Sichuan-Yunnan Mountain area, and the Tianshan-Kunlun Mountain area.
C1 [Yin, Chao] Shandong Univ Technol, Sch Civil & Architecture Engn, Zibo 255049, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Jinglei] Shandong Univ Technol, Sch Transportat & Vehicle Engn, Zibo 255049, Peoples R China.
C3 Shandong University of Technology; Shandong University of Technology
RP Yin, C (corresponding author), Shandong Univ Technol, Sch Civil & Architecture Engn, Zibo 255049, Peoples R China.
EM yinchao1987611@163.com
TC 14
Z9 18
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD APR
PY 2018
VL 91
SU 1
BP S129
EP S147
DI 10.1007/s11069-018-3229-8
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000429553200007
ER

PT J
AU Wang, B
   Zhang, T
   Zhou, Q
   Wu, C
   Chen, YL
   Wu, P
AF Wang Bo
   Zhang Ting
   Zhou Qin
   Wu Chao
   Chen Yun-liang
   Wu Ping
TI A case study of the Tangjiashan landslide dam-break
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS
DT Article
DE breach width; dambreak; failure time; field observation; landslide; peak
   outflow; prediction method
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; BARRIER LAKE; NEW-ZEALAND; FLOOD; FAILURE;
   CHINA; PARAMETERS
AB The Tangjiashan landslide dam failed on June 10, 2008, which was the largest one formed during the Wenchuan earthquake in China. No human lives were lost in this dam failure. This paper presents a description of the dam, including the dam geometry, the hydrograph and the reservoir capacity, the diversion channel and the drainage from the lake. Several empirical models are applied to predict the breach parameters, the peak outflows and the reservoir volumes during this breach event. The main objective of the study is to compare various prediction models and to make recommendation of the best model for the prediction of the breach width, the failure time, and the peak outflow. The breach widths predicted by the Froehlich methods with considerations of the reservoir storages and the effect of failure mode are considered to be more reasonable. All prediction methods discussed in this paper are found to underestimate the breach formation time due to the complex material and the large thickness of the dam. The results from the soil conservation services (SCS) method compare well with the observed peak outflow. The Marone method in combination with the coefficient expressions proposed by Macchione gives excellent results in the simulation of the reservoir volume-level curve.
C1 [Wang Bo; Zhou Qin; Wu Chao; Chen Yun-liang] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang Ting] Fuzhou Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Fuzhou 350116, Peoples R China.
   [Wu Ping] Xihua Univ, Inst Architecture & Civil Engn, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Fuzhou University; Xihua University
RP Chen, YL (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM wangbo@scu.edu.cn; liangyunchen@163.com
TC 21
Z9 25
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1001-6058
EI 1878-0342
PD APR
PY 2015
VL 27
IS 2
BP 223
EP 233
DI 10.1016/S1001-6058(15)60476-0
SC Mechanics
UT WOS:000354009100008
ER

PT J
AU Su, HC
   Fernandez, G
   Hu, XX
   Wu, SL
   Di, BF
   Tan, CP
AF Su, Haichuan
   Fernandez, Glenn
   Hu, Xiaoxi
   Wu, Shaolin
   Di, Baofeng
   Tan, Chunping
TI Predicting Change in Adaptation Strategies of Households to Geological
   Hazards in the Longmenshan Area, China Using Machine Learning and GIS
SO WATER
DT Article
DE landslide; adaptation strategy; GBDT; machine learning; mountain hazards
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; NATURAL DISASTERS; RISK;
   RECONSTRUCTION; IMPACTS; STATE
AB Hydrological changes combined with earthquakes easily trigger secondary disasters, including geological hazards. The secondary hazard of precipitation is the main disaster type in the Longmenshan Area (China). The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused more than 60,000 landslides, severely affecting rural households. This study aimed to answer two questions: (1) How did households adapt to the landslide-prone post-earthquake environment? (2) How will the households' adaptation strategies change if landslide frequency changes? Different post-disaster adaptation strategies of households in Longmenshan Town, Sichuan, China were identified through a questionnaire survey and then clustered into groups based on similarity using a K-means algorithm. Afterward, a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) was used to predict change in adaptation strategies if there was a change in the frequency of landslides. The results show that there are three types of landslide adaptation strategies in the study area: (1) autonomous adaptation; (2) policy-dependent adaptation; and (3) hybrid adaptation, which is a mixture of the first two types. If the frequency of landslides is increased, then around 5% of households previously under the autonomous adaptation type would be converted to policy-dependent and hybrid adaptation types. If the frequency of landslides is reduced, then around 5% of households with policy-dependent adaptation strategies would be converted to the autonomous adaptation type. This exploratory study provides a glimpse of how machine learning can be utilized to predict how adaptation strategies would be modified if hazard frequency changed. A follow-up long-term study in Longmenshan Town is needed to confirm whether the predictions are indeed correct.
C1 [Su, Haichuan; Fernandez, Glenn; Hu, Xiaoxi; Wu, Shaolin; Di, Baofeng; Tan, Chunping] Sichuan Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Chengdu 610207, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Haichuan] Xihua Univ, Coll Emergency Management, Chengdu 611730, Peoples R China.
   [Di, Baofeng] Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture & Environm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Tan, Chunping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Xihua University;
   Sichuan University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Tan, CP (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Chengdu 610207, Peoples R China.; Tan, CP (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM ethansu8@163.com; glenn@scu.edu.cn; romeo1992@163.com;
   wushaolin@stu.scu.edu.cn; dibaofeng@scu.edu.cn; chunping.tan@scu.edu.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-4441
PD APR
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 7
AR 1023
DI 10.3390/w14071023
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000781670800001
ER

PT J
AU Cui, SH
   Pei, XJ
   Yang, HL
   Yang, QW
   Zhu, L
AF Cui, Shenghua
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Yang, Hailong
   Yang, Qingwen
   Zhu, Ling
TI Earthquake-Induced Stress Amplification and Rock Fragmentation within a
   Deep-Seated Bedding Fault: Case Study of the Daguangbao Landslide
   Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms=8:0)
SO LITHOSPHERE
DT Article
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SICHUAN
AB The 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake triggered the Daguangbao (DGB) landslide, of which the shear surface belongs to a thrust bedding fault 400m below the carbonate slope. After the landslide, a 1.8 km-long inclined sliding face (0.3 km(2)) was exposed in the south source area. By using shaking table test, the contributions of the fault to the landslide sliding have been studied in this paper. The bedding fault in the test model is simplified as a weak layer with small elasticity and the carbonate layers as a hard layer with high elastic modulus, which is 296 times the weak one. The test records larger displacement amplitude in the upper hard layer than that in the lower one and larger pressure amplitude in the weak layer than that in the hard ones. We ascribed the stress amplification in the weak layer to time delay of shaking wave as wave velocity in the weak layer is only 1/15 of that in the hard layers. Such time delay gives rise to phase differences between the hard layers during shaking. The compressive stress amplification occurs in the weak layer when the upper hard layer moves downwards relative to the lower one; otherwise, tensile stress amplification occurs. It is suggested that this kind of stress amplification triggered an extensive fragmentation of the bedding fault rock mass during the Wenchuan earthquake, which can be verified by a good deal of gentle-dip and steep-dip cracks observed on site. It is proposed that stress amplification had caused a fast dropping of shear strength in the bedding fault to enhance the suddenness of DGB landslide initiation.
C1 [Cui, Shenghua; Pei, Xiangjun; Yang, Hailong; Yang, Qingwen; Zhu, Ling] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Pei, XJ; Yang, HL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM peixj0119@tom.com; yh1826325@126.com
TC 10
Z9 10
PU GEOSCIENCEWORLD
PI MCLEAN
PA 1750 TYSONS BOULEVARD, SUITE 1500, MCLEAN, VA, UNITED STATES
SN 1941-8264
EI 1947-4253
PD MAY
PY 2021
VL 2021
SI 7
AR 6387274
DI 10.2113/2022/6387274
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology
UT WOS:000850462500007
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, K
   Ng, AHM
   Ge, LL
   Dong, YS
   Rizos, C
AF Zhang, Kui
   Ng, Alex Hay-Man
   Ge, Linlin
   Dong, Yusen
   Rizos, Chris
TI Multi-path PALSAR interferometric observations of the 2008 magnitude 8.0
   Wenchuan Earthquake
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
ID APERTURE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE;
   GREECE EARTHQUAKE; DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; LANDSLIDE
AB The Satellite Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) has already demonstrated its potential to map co-, post- and inter-seismic deformation. This paper presents an.alysis of the surface-displacement field of the 12 May 2008 magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake using the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) DInSAR. Six PALSAR interferograms of paths 471 to 476 are generated. A new approach, which uses the information of overlapping interferograms, has been developed to compensate for orbit error. The main advantage of this approach is that the calculation is performed without the need for phase unwrapping. Once the orbit error has been compensated for, the interferograms are then merged to form a single interferogram. The final mosaic of interferograms demonstrates a much more consistent co-seismic surface-displacement field than the original interferograms.
C1 [Zhang, Kui; Ng, Alex Hay-Man; Ge, Linlin; Rizos, Chris] Univ New S Wales, Cooperat Res Ctr Spatial Informat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
   [Zhang, Kui; Ng, Alex Hay-Man; Ge, Linlin; Rizos, Chris] Univ New S Wales, Sch Surveying & Spatial Informat Syst, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
   [Dong, Yusen] China Univ Geosci, Fac Earth Sci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
C3 University of New South Wales Sydney; University of New South Wales
   Sydney; China University of Geosciences
RP Zhang, K (corresponding author), Univ New S Wales, Cooperat Res Ctr Spatial Informat, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
EM Kubic.zhang@gmail.com
TC 21
Z9 23
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 13
BP 3449
EP 3463
AR PII 924664119
DI 10.1080/01431161003727804
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000280282000009
ER

PT J
AU Shen, LL
   Xu, C
   Liu, LY
AF Shen, Lingling
   Xu, Chong
   Liu, Lianyou
TI Interaction among controlling factors for landslides triggered by the
   2008 Wenchuan, China Mw 7.9 earthquake
SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; co-seismic landslides; interaction among
   controlling factors; statistical analysis
ID ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; ARIAS INTENSITY; FUZZY-LOGIC; DISTRIBUTION
   PATTERN; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; LOMA-PRIETA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HAZARD;
   REVERSE; NORTHRIDGE
AB The 12 May 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake triggered about 200,000 landslides, which were controlled by a number of factors. This study examines five factors: slope angle, slope aspect, lithology, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and fault side (relative position on the seismogenic fault, i.e., hanging wall or footwall), to determine how these factors control the co-seismic landslide occurrence and whether one or more factors, acting alone or in concert, are involved in promoting or suppressing landslides. We performed a multi-factor statistical analysis using data from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that in the areas characterized by steep topography or where strong ground shaking occurred during the earthquake, there is a closer relationship between slope aspect and landslide number density (LND) than other areas. The relationship between lithology and LND values depends on PGA. In turn, the relationship between LND values and PGA is also influenced by lithology. In addition, the controlling effect of lithology on co-seismic landslides on the hanging wall of the seismogenic fault is greater than that on the footwall. Examining interactions among these factors can improve understanding of the mechanisms of co-seismic landslide occurrence.
C1 [Shen, Lingling; Liu, Lianyou] Beijing Normal Univ, MOE, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Lingling; Liu, Lianyou] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University; China Earthquake
   Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xuchong@ies.ac.cn
TC 13
Z9 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 2095-0195
EI 2095-0209
PD JUN
PY 2016
VL 10
IS 2
BP 264
EP 273
DI 10.1007/s11707-015-0517-4
SC Geology
UT WOS:000373641600007
ER

PT J
AU Bai, SB
   Lu, P
   Wang, J
AF Bai Shi-biao
   Lu Ping
   Wang Jian
TI Landslide susceptibility assessment of the Youfang catchment using
   logistic regression
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Landslide; Susceptibility map; Logistic regression; Geographic
   Information System (GIS); Youfang catchment
ID EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 3 GORGES
   AREA; LAND-COVER; GIS; ZONATION; HAZARD; VALIDATION; RAINFALL; NETWORK
AB A detailed landslide susceptibility map was produced in the Youfang catchment using logistic regression method with datasets developed for a geographic information system (GIS). Known as one of the most landslide-prone areas in China, the Youfang catchment of Longnan mountain region, which lies in the transitional area among Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, loess Plateau and Sichuan Basin, was selected as a representative case to evaluate the frequency and distribution of landslides. Statistical relationships for landslide susceptibility assessment were developed using landslide and landslide causative factor databases. Logistic regression (LR) was used to create the landslide susceptibility maps based on a series of available data sources: landslide inventory; distance to drainage systems, faults and roads; slope angle and aspect; topographic elevation and topographical wetness index, and land use. The quality of the landslide susceptibility map produced in this paper was validated and the result can be used for designing protective and mitigation measures against landslide hazards. The landslide susceptibility map is expected to provide a fundamental tool for landslide hazards assessment and risk management in the Youfang catchment.
C1 [Bai Shi-biao; Wang Jian] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Natl Educ Adm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Bai Shi-biao; Wang Jian] Nanjing Normal Univ, Jiangsu Ctr Collaborat Innovat Geog Informat Reso, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Bai Shi-biao; Wang Jian] Nanjing Normal Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Environm Change & Ecol Construct, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Lu Ping] Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Sustainable Dev Applic, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing Normal
   University; Tongji University
RP Lu, P (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Sustainable Dev Applic, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM shibiaobai@njnu.edu.cn; luping@tongji.edu.cn; wangjian@njnu.edu.cn
TC 38
Z9 41
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUL
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 4
BP 816
EP 827
DI 10.1007/s11629-014-3171-5
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000358671900003
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZJ
   Qiao, JP
   Huang, D
   Uchimura, T
   Wang, L
AF Yang, Zong-Ji
   Qiao, Jian-Ping
   Huang, Dong
   Uchimura, Taro
   Wang, Lin
TI Experimental Identification on Thresholds for early warning of
   Rainfall-induced Failure on Fractured Slopes after Giant Earthquake
SO SAINS MALAYSIANA
DT Article
DE Fractured slopes; giant earthquake; rainfall induced; threshold factors
AB Prevention and mitigation of rainfall induced geological hazards after the Ms=8 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th, 2008 were significant for rebuild of earthquake hit regions. After the Wenchuan earthquake, there were tens of thousands of fractured slopes which were broken and loosened by the ground shaking, they were very susceptible to heavy rainfall and change forms into potential debris flows. In order to carry out this disaster reduction and prediction effectively in Longmenshan region, careful real-time monitoring and pre-warning of mountain hazards in both regional and site-specific scales is reasonable as alternatives in Wenchuan earthquake regions. For pre-warning the failure of fractured slopes induced by rainfall, the threshold value or the critical value of the precipitation of hazards should be proposed. However, the identification of critical criterion and parameters to pre-warning is the most difficult issue in mountainous hazards monitoring and pre-warning system especially in the elusive and massive fractured slopes widespread in Wenchuan earthquake regions. In this study, a natural coseismic fractured landslide in the Taziping village, Hongkou County, Dujianyan City, was selected to conduct the field experimental test, in order to identify the threshold parameters and critical criterion of the fractured slopes of Taziping. After the field experimental test, the correlation of rainfall intensity, rainfall duration and accumulative rainfall was investigated. The field experimental test was capable of identifying the threshold factors for failure of rainfall-induced fractured slopes after the giant earthquake.
C1 [Yang, Zong-Ji; Qiao, Jian-Ping; Huang, Dong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Uchimura, Taro] Saitama Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Saitama, Japan.
   [Wang, Lin] Chuo Kaihatsu Corp, Tokyo, Japan.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Saitama University
RP Yang, ZJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yzj@imde.ac.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU UNIV KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
PI SELANGOR
PA FACULTY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, BANGI, SELANGOR, 43600, MALAYSIA
SN 0126-6039
PD NOV
PY 2017
VL 46
IS 11
BP 2029
EP 2034
DI 10.17576/jsm-2017-4611-02
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000422854400002
ER

PT J
AU Francis, O
   Fan, XM
   Hales, T
   Hobley, D
   Xu, Q
   Huang, RQ
AF Francis, Oliver
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Hales, Tristram
   Hobley, Daniel
   Xu, Qiang
   Huang, Runqiu
TI The Fate of Sediment After a Large Earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLD; DEBRIS FLOWS;
   INDUCED LANDSLIDES; TIBETAN-PLATEAU; EASTERN MARGIN; EROSION; TRANSPORT;
   INSIGHTS; IMPACT
AB Large earthquakes rapidly denude hillslopes by triggering thousands of coseismic landslides. The sediment produced by these landslides is initially quickly mobilised from the landscape by an interconnected cascade of processes. This cascade can dramatically but briefly enhance local erosion rates. Hillslope and channel processes, such as landsliding and debris flows, interact to influence the total mass, caliber, and rate of sediment transport through catchments. Calculating the sediment budget of an earthquake lends insight into the nature of these interactions. Using satellite imagery derived landslide inventories, channel surveys and a literature review combined with a Monte Carlo simulation approach we present a constrained sediment budget of the first decade after the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. With this sediment budget we demonstrate that debris flows are dominant process for delivering sediment into channels and that large volumes of sediment remain in the landscape. In our study area over 88% (469.7 Mega tonnes) of the coseismically generated sediment remains on the hillslopes in 2018. Of the 12% of the sediment that was mobilised, 67% (45.2 +/- 22 Mt) was mobilised by debris flows. Despite the large proportion of sediment remaining on the hillslope, the frequency of debris flows declined significantly over our observation period. The reduction in debris-flow frequency is not correlated to reductions in the frequency of triggering storms, suggesting changes in the mechanical properties of hillslope sediment may drive this observation. The stabilization of coseismically generated sediment greatly extends its residence time and may influence catchment sediment yields for centuries or millennia.
   Plain Language Summary Earthquakes produce large volumes of sediment by triggering landslides in mountain ranges. After many earthquakes there is an order-of-magnitude increase in erosion rates, however this period of enhanced erosion is short lived. Understanding the processes which control the timespan of the elevated erosion rates and the rates at which they move sediment is vital for determining the continuing impact the earthquake has on a landscape. Using satellite imagery to map and track the movement of sediment after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake we show that more than 88% (469.7 mega tonnes) of the sediment produced by the earthquake remains on the hillslope after a decade. Debris flows initiating in the landslide deposits are responsible for most of the erosion during this time. The frequency of these flows decreases rapidly after the earthquake indicating the sediment can stabilize quickly. The stabilized sediment could reside in the mountain range for hundreds or thousands of years indicating that it could have a significant impact on erosion rates and landscape evolution.
C1 [Francis, Oliver; Hales, Tristram] Cardiff Univ, Sustainable Places Res Inst, Cardiff, Wales.
   [Francis, Oliver; Hales, Tristram; Hobley, Daniel] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cardiff, Wales.
   [Francis, Oliver] German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Sect Earth Surface Proc Modelling 4 7, Potsdam, Germany.
   [Fan, Xuanmei; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Hales, Tristram] RSK ADAS Ltd, Helsby, Cheshire, England.
C3 Cardiff University; Cardiff University; Helmholtz Association;
   Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences;
   Chengdu University of Technology
RP Francis, O (corresponding author), Cardiff Univ, Sustainable Places Res Inst, Cardiff, Wales.; Francis, O (corresponding author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cardiff, Wales.; Francis, O (corresponding author), German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Sect Earth Surface Proc Modelling 4 7, Potsdam, Germany.
EM Oliver.Francis@gfzpotsdam.de
TC 34
Z9 36
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
PD MAR
PY 2022
VL 127
IS 3
AR e2021JF006352
DI 10.1029/2021JF006352
SC Geology
UT WOS:000776590100013
ER

PT J
AU Wang, ZY
   Shi, WJ
   Liu, DD
AF Wang, Zhaoyin
   Shi, Wenjing
   Liu, Dandan
TI Continual erosion of bare rocks after the Wenchuan earthquake and
   control strategies
SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 13th Gondwana Conference on Wenchuan Earthquake
CY SEP 03-05, 2008
CL Dali, PEOPLES R CHINA
DE Bare rock; Grain erosion; Wenchuan earthquake; Debris flow; Vegetation
   restoration
ID BIOPROTECTION
AB The newly bared rocks created by the Wenchuan earthquake are undergoing continual intensive erosion in the form of detachment and movement of individual grains. Grain erosion is defined as the phenomenon of breaking down bare rocks under the action of insolation and temperature change, detachment of grains from the rockwalls by wind, flow down of grains on the slope under the action of gravity, and accumulation of grains at the toe of the mountain, forming a deposit fan. The Wenchuan earthquake, which occurred in Sichuan on May 12, 2008, caused thousands of avalanches and landslides and left scars on slopes and a huge area of bare rocks. Grain erosion causes flying stones, injured humans and resulted in numerous slope debris flows. The process of grain erosion and strategies to limit the erosion were studied by field investigations and field experiments. According to these field investigations and field studies, the most serious grain erosion occurs in spring and early summer when it is very dry. Rocks are broken down to grains under the action of insolation and temperature change. Then, wind blows the grains from the bare rock down slope. Experimental results showed that the amount of grains blown down by wind per area of rock surface per unit time is proportional to the fourth power of the wind speed. However, the size of the grains blown down by wind increases linearly with the wind speed. An experiment proved that grain erosion can be controlled with two moss species. Moss spores were mixed with clay suspension and splashed on bare rocks. The moss species germinated on the rock surface in one month and greened the bare rocks in two months. The moss layer protected the rocks from insolation and mitigated the effects of temperature change, thus effectively mitigated grain erosion. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Zhaoyin; Shi, Wenjing; Liu, Dandan] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University
RP Wang, ZY (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM zywang@tsinghua.edu.cn
TC 12
Z9 18
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1367-9120
EI 1878-5786
PD MAR 3
PY 2011
VL 40
IS 4
SI SI
BP 915
EP 925
DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.07.004
SC Geology
UT WOS:000287950800011
ER

PT J
AU Xie, J
   Coulthard, TJ
   Wang, M
   Wu, JH
AF Xie, Jun
   Coulthard, Tom J.
   Wang, Ming
   Wu, Jinhui
TI Tracing seismic landslide-derived sediment dynamics in response to
   climate change
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Landslide; Sediment tracing; CAESAR-Lisflood; Climate change
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; MODEL; EROSION;
   IMPACT; BASIN; EVACUATION; SCENARIOS; MOVEMENT; DELIVERY
AB Mass movements such as landslides are prominent sources of sediment in post-seismic mountain belts. Earthquake triggered landslides can generate substantial volumes of fresh sediment and this may have significant long-term (decade to millennium) geomorphic effects on landscape evolution. Downslope and downstream transport of sediment into the channel network is sensitive to meteorological perturbations especially for extreme rainfall events. However, no established techniques can explicitly fingerprint/track landslide-derived sediment under climate change. In this study, we use a new tracing function incorporated into CAESAR-Lisflood (CL) to track the landslide-derived sediment dynamics in response to climate change. The hourly future rainfall sequences under two climate scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP8.5) were firstly generated using 'NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP)' dataset and then used as hydrological input to drive CL simulations. The landscape evolution at the Hongxi basin, which suffered great damage from the Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0), was then simulated for 93 years (2008-2100) using CL under two climate scenarios. The results show that the landslides can greatly increase the sediment yield and climatic perturbations can lead to variation of sediment dynamics, the coupling of these two factors perform a combined impact on sediment budget, while the interplay and relevant importance between landslides and climate impact is dependent on the landslide density of specific basin. The landslide-channel connectivity (location of landslides with respect to river channels) plays an important role in post-earthquake sediment evacuation. The yearly sediment yield generated by the landslides can be stable after 20 years under both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios in the study basin. These findings are of great importance to understand the interplay between landslide and climatic perturbations and support the risk management and mitigation after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.
C1 [Xie, Jun; Coulthard, Tom J.] Univ Hull, Energy & Environm Inst, Kingston Upon Hull, England.
   [Xie, Jun; Coulthard, Tom J.] Univ Hull, Dept Geog Geol & Environm, Kingston Upon Hull, England.
   [Wang, Ming] Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Jinhui] China Geol Survey, China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Hull; University of Hull; Beijing Normal University; China
   Geological Survey
RP Wang, M (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM wangming@bnu.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 8
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD OCT
PY 2022
VL 217
AR 106495
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106495
EA JUN 2022
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000823266400003
ER

PT J
AU Hu, GS
   Chen, NS
   Tanoli, JI
   You, Y
   Li, J
AF Hu, Gui-Sheng
   Chen, Ning-Sheng
   Tanoli, Javed Iqbal
   You, Yong
   Li, Jun
TI Case Study of the Characteristics and Dynamic Process of July 10, 2013,
   Catastrophic Debris Flows in Wenchuan County, China
SO Earth Sciences Research Journal
DT Article
DE Debris flow; dynamic process; the block and burst characteristics;
   prevention and cure measures
ID RUNOUT CHARACTERISTICS; RAINFALL THRESHOLD; EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN;
   SIMULATION; VALLEY; AREA
AB The Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, generated a significant amount of loose solid material that can produce devastating debris flows. In the five years since the earthquake, there have been many large-scale individual and group catastrophic debris flows that have caused lots of damage to the resettled population and the reconstruction efforts. The reconstructed towns of Yingxiu, Yinxing and Miansi have suffered debris flows and other secondary disasters in the past five years and are still not out of danger in the future. A debris-flow catastrophic event hit four towns of Wenchuan County along the Duwen Highway, part of China's National Highway 213, at midnight on July 10, 2013, following a local extreme rainfall of 176.2mm 24h-1. The debris flows occurred simultaneously along seven gullies. A total of 15000 people were affected due to the destruction of resettlement areas, factories, power stations, and houses. Because of this devastating event, traffic along the Duwen highway was completely disrupted during the disaster and recovery period. The present study focuses on the Lianshan Bridge debris flow gully; the disaster characteristics and cause of the debris flow were analyzed based on field investigations, remote sensing interpretation, and laboratory experiments. The particular dynamic parameters of the debris flow were calculated and analyzed including density, velocity, discharge, total volume and impact force. Also, the dynamic processes and changes that occurred in the debris flow were examined, and the block and burst characteristics of debris flow were studied based on statistical calculation and analysis dynamic characteristic parameters of debris flow. Finally, a program to prevent further debris flow was proposed according to the on-site investigation and based on the analysis of the features and dynamic processes of the debris flow.
C1 [Hu, Gui-Sheng; Chen, Ning-Sheng; Tanoli, Javed Iqbal; You, Yong; Li, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Tanoli, Javed Iqbal] COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI)
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM huguisheng@imde.ac.cn; chennsh@imde.ac.cn
TC 7
Z9 8
PU UNIV NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA
PI BOGOTA
PA EDIFICIO MANUAL ANCIZAR AA, BOGOTA, 14490, COLOMBIA
SN 1794-6190
PD JUN
PY 2016
VL 20
IS 2
DI 10.15446/esrj.v20n2.48026
SC Geology
UT WOS:000392804600006
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, ZL
   Zeng, RQ
   Meng, XM
   Zhao, SF
   Meng, XP
   Yao, YQ
   Wang, H
   Guo, WW
   Chen, G
   Zhang, Y
AF Zhang, Zonglin
   Zeng, Runqiang
   Meng, Xingmin
   Zhao, Shufen
   Meng, Xiangpei
   Yao, Yunqi
   Wang, Hong
   Guo, Weiwei
   Chen, Guan
   Zhang, Yi
TI Estimating landslide sliding distance based on an improved Heim sled
   model
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Additional work W; Conservation of energy; Equivalent friction
   coefficient; Loess landslide sliding distance; Multivariate nonlinear
   regression
ID TRAVEL DISTANCE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCK AVALANCHE; LOESS PLATFORM;
   DEBRIS FLOW; FRAGMENTATION; STABILITY; MOBILITY; SLOPES; ENERGY
AB Part of the gravitational potential energy of a landslide is converted into heat or other forms of energy via irreversible processes such as inelastic collisions and fragmentation between particles. In this study, we define the gravitational potential energy component as additional work W, which is numerically equivalent to Mgc. Based on the model proposed by Heim (1932), we conceptualize landslide movement as the movement of particles, and the concept of extra work is used to establish a model to estimate landslide sliding distance. Twenty-seven irrigation-induced loess landslides were used to build a model for the Heitai terrace in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in Gansu Province, China. Considering the additional work W, the average relative error and average error between the estimated value and the measured value were significantly reduced (the average relative error was reduced from 11.21% to 6.27%, and the average error was reduced from 20.4 m to 9.6 m). Ten landslides in the Heitai terrace and 13 landslides on the south bank of the Jing River in northwest China were used to verify the model. The average relative errors between the estimated and observed values are 5.55% and 7.78%, respectively. In addition, based on data from earthquake-induced loess landslides, we use the model to further explore the significance of additional work in the construction of a sliding distance prediction model. The results of the model show that the introduction of additional work improved the accuracy of the predicted sliding distance. The model has a good applicability to loess landslides with volumes <10(6) m(3), but the applicability to loess slide is relatively poor.
C1 [Zhang, Zonglin; Zeng, Runqiang; Meng, Xingmin; Zhao, Shufen; Meng, Xiangpei; Yao, Yunqi; Wang, Hong; Guo, Weiwei; Chen, Guan; Zhang, Yi] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Zonglin; Zeng, Runqiang; Meng, Xingmin; Zhao, Shufen; Meng, Xiangpei; Yao, Yunqi; Wang, Hong; Guo, Weiwei; Chen, Guan; Zhang, Yi] Technol & Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazards, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University
RP Zeng, RQ (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM zengrq@lzu.edu.cn
TC 10
Z9 14
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD SEP
PY 2021
VL 204
AR 105401
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105401
EA MAY 2021
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000657369600024
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Wang, YS
   Li, WL
   Su, LJ
   Lu, JY
   Zeng, L
   Li, X
AF Zhao, Bo
   Wang, Yunsheng
   Li, Weile
   Su, Lijun
   Lu, Jiayan
   Zeng, Lu
   Li, Xiang
TI Insights into the geohazards triggered by the 2017 Ms 6.9 Nyingchi
   earthquake in the east Himalayan syntaxis, China
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Coseismic geohazards; Ms 6.9 Nyingchi earthquake; Distribution
   characteristics; Dammed lakes; Susceptibility
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SICHUAN PROVINCE; TIBET;
   AREA; FREQUENCY; PATTERN; LUSHAN
AB On 2017-11-18, an Ms 6.9 (Mw 6.4) magnitude earthquake struck the NBTN (Namcha Barwa tectonic node), located in the EHS (east Himalayan syntaxis) on the south Tibetan Plateau, China, with an epicenter at 29.87 degrees N and 95.02 degrees E and a focal depth of approximately 10 km. Multiple remote sensing interpretations and field investigations revealed that at least 1816 landslides and 3 dammed lakes were triggered and formed by the Nyingchi earthquake, and the landslide-affected area was approximately 527 km(2). Most geohazards are concentrated in the southeast section of the epicenter, and compared to the outer section (503 landslides), the inner section (1313 landslides) exhibits a notable concentration. The total landslide area is 32.7 km(2) and follows an exponential distribution, namely, Y = 0.023*e([-(Log(x)-3.06)<^>2/0.2738]). The estimated landslide volume is (14.096 + 3.023/-1.844)*10(6) m(3). Rock avalanches are the most common failure pattern in the landslide-affected area, and the largest landslide area reaches 3.6*10(6) m(2). >60% of the landslides occur at elevations ranging from 2600 to 3800 m and at distances to the river midline ranging from 400 to 2400 m, and this range coincides with the upper-top section of the slope. Landslides occurred most frequently in schist and gneiss (1313 landslides, 72.3%). Among the 3 dammed lakes, two dammed lakes were directly triggered by the Nyingchi event, and one dammed lake was formed by an active debris flow gully, namely, the Sedongpu gully. Moreover, numerous dangerous deposits remain in the main flow stream, and special attention should be given to these deposits. Finally, the AHP (analytic hierarchy process)-CF (certainty factor) method is adopted to establish a landslide susceptibility map for further risk assessment.
C1 [Zhao, Bo; Su, Lijun; Zeng, Lu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yunsheng; Li, Weile; Lu, Jiayan; Li, Xiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Lijun] China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan.
   [Su, Lijun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Zhao, B (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM zhaobo1989@imde.ac.cn
TC 28
Z9 30
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD OCT
PY 2021
VL 205
AR 105467
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105467
EA MAY 2021
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000659891800014
ER

PT J
AU Lv, YH
   Dai, C
   Zhang, S
   Chen, YB
   Lai, Y
   Zhang, LM
   Bate, B
AF Lv, Yunhong
   Dai, Cong
   Zhang, Shuai
   Chen, Yanbo
   Lai, Ying
   Zhang, Limin
   Bate, Bate
TI Evolutionary characteristics of mass movement in two adjacent debris
   flow gullies at the Great Bend of the Yarlung Zangbo River
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Debris flow; evolution; global warming; earthquake; Qinghai-Tibet
   plateau
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GLACIER; LANDSLIDES; REGIONS; RAVINE; CHINA; RATES
AB Debris flows have occurred in two adjacent gullies, namely Sedongpu Gully (SDP) and Zelongnong Gully (ZLN), since the 1950s. The most recent event occurred in ZLN in 2020, causing damage to human communities and infrastructure. Despite their close geographical proximity to the Great Bend of the Yarlung Zangbo River, SDP has experienced more frequent and severe events compared to ZLN. This paper aims to compare the evolutionary characteristics of mass movement between these two gullies. A comprehensive review of 12 debris flow events in both gullies from 1950 to 2020 was conducted. A novel method was proposed and verified for quantifying the debris flow mass movement by integrating InSAR, multi-DSMs, optical images, and field investigations. Comparative analysis revealed distinct evolutionary stages between the gullies, with SDP exhibiting mixed hillslope and channelized debris flows, whereas ZLN primarily experienced channelized debris flows. SDP witnessed a decrease in rainfall and temperature triggering debris flows, contrasting with ZLN where both factors increased. These explained the smaller frequency and magnitude of debris flows in ZLN. Overall, this study emphasizes the need for tailored risk prevention and control measures that reflect the specific dynamics of each gully.
C1 [Lv, Yunhong; Dai, Cong; Zhang, Shuai; Chen, Yanbo; Lai, Ying; Bate, Bate] Zhejiang Univ, MOE Key Lab Soft Soils & Geoenvironm Engn, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Limin] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Zhejiang University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, S (corresponding author), Zhejiang Univ, MOE Key Lab Soft Soils & Geoenvironm Engn, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
EM zhangshuaiqj@zju.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD DEC 31
PY 2024
VL 15
IS 1
AR 2378170
DI 10.1080/19475705.2024.2378170
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:001271349500001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Yao, X
   Dai, FC
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Yao, Xin
   Dai, Fuchu
TI Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May
   12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial
   distribution statistical analysis
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; Landslides; Inventory; Statistical
   analysis; Spatial distribution; Landslide area percentage; Landslide
   number density
ID PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE; NIIGATA PREFECTURE; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; LOMA-PRIETA;
   MID-NIIGATA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GIS; CALIFORNIA; RUPTURE; PATTERN
AB The May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China (Mw 7.9 or Ms 8.0) triggered hundreds of thousands of landslides. Mapping such a large number of landslides is a major task, considering the large size of the affected area and the availability of pre- and post-earthquake remote sensing images. This paper compares three (nearly) complete landslide inventories that were compiled from visual image interpretation. The three inventories differ in the manner in which the landslides are represented, either as polygons, centroid points, or top points. Landslides in the three inventories use one-to-one correspondence. Each of the three inventories includes a large proportion of the 197,481 landslides triggered by the earthquake. These landslides were delineated as individual solid polygons and points using visual interpretation of high-resolution aerial photographs and satellite images acquired following the earthquake and verified by selected field checking throughout a broad area of approximately 110,000 km(2). These landslides cover a total area of approximately 1,160 km(2). Based on the inventories of landslide polygons and landslide centroid points, two types of density maps were constructed. Correlations of landslide occurrence with seismic, geologic, and topographic parameters were analyzed using the three landslide inventories. Statistical analysis of their spatial distribution was performed using both the landslide area percentage (LAP), defined as the percentage of the area affected by the landslides and the landslide number density (LND), defined as the number of landslides per square kilometer. There are two types of LNDs: the LND-centroid (based on the centroid point of the landslide) and the LND-top (based on the top point of the landslide). We used the three indexes to determine how the occurrence of the landslides correlates with elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, slope position, slope curvature, lithology, distance from the epicenter, seismic intensity, distance from the Yingxiu-Beichuan surface fault rupture, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and coseismic surface displacements (including horizontal, vertical, and total displacements). Both the LAP and the two types of LND values were observed to have continuous positive or negative correlations with the slope angle, slope curvature, distance from the epicenter and from the Yingxiu-Beichuan surface fault rupture, seismic intensity, and coseismic surface displacement. In addition, the highest values of the LAP and LND values appear at ranges from 1,200 to 3,000 m in elevation. Moreover, the landslides have preferred orientations, dominated by the eastern, southeastern, and southern directions. In addition, the sandstone, siltstone (Z), and granitic rocks experienced more concentrated landslides. No obvious correlations were observed between the LAP and LND values and slope position. Finally, we studied the orders of eight earthquake-triggered landslide impact factor effect on landslide occurrence.
   The 197,481 landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were delineated.
   Three landslide inventories were constructed: polygon, centroid, and top point inventories.
   The landslides were spatially analyzed with topographic, lithology, and seismic parameters.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Yao, Xin] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Dai, Fuchu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; China Earthquake Administration;
   Institute of Geology, CEA; China Geological Survey; Institute of
   Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology &
   Geophysics, CAS
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 489
Z9 601
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 3
BP 441
EP 461
DI 10.1007/s10346-013-0404-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000337061000009
ER

PT J
AU Dang, C
   Chu, N
   Ding, Y
AF Dang, Chao
   Chu, Nana
   Ding, Yu
TI Predictive uncertainty of peak outflow relations for landslides dam
   breach
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Uncertainty analysis; Landslide dam; Peak outflow; Case study
ID EMBANKMENT DAM; NATURAL DAMS; NEW-ZEALAND; EARTHQUAKE; SIMULATION;
   FAILURE; FLOOD; PARAMETERS; DISCHARGE; CHINA
AB Risk assessment development considering the failure of landslide dams often requires the estimation of peak outflow through the breach. The empirical equations based on data from case studies tend to be the first direct approach. This paper conducted an uncertainty analysis when these empirical relations were utilized to predict the peak outflow of a breached landslide dam. The results suggest that the relations derived from manmade dams or embankments typically overestimate the peak outflow about 1/5 to 3/4 of an order of magnitude; and the relations derived from the database of landslide dams have much smaller mean prediction errors and also exhibit broad uncertainty bands. Application of the uncertainly analysis was illustrated by the Tangjiashan landslide dammed lake, formed during 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In addition, the predicted results from Eq. 1 deduced herein were considered to be the reliable estimate of peak outflow through the breach of landslide dam.
C1 [Dang, Chao; Chu, Nana; Ding, Yu] China Three Gorges Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geol Hazards Gorges Reservoir Area 3, Yichang 443002, Hubei, Peoples R China.
C3 China Three Gorges University
RP Dang, C (corresponding author), China Three Gorges Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geol Hazards Gorges Reservoir Area 3, Yichang 443002, Hubei, Peoples R China.
EM dangchao1982@126.com; chunana@163.com; thirdding@163.com
TC 4
Z9 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD DEC
PY 2014
VL 72
IS 11
BP 4265
EP 4271
DI 10.1007/s12665-014-3321-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000344737300004
ER

PT J
AU Yu, B
   Wu, YF
   Chu, SM
AF Yu, Bin
   Wu, Yufu
   Chu, Shengming
TI Preliminary study of the effect of earthquakes on the rainfall threshold
   of debris flows
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Effect of earthquake; Debris flow; Rainfall threshold; Peak ground
   acceleration; Rainy season
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; IMPACTS
AB Numerous landslides were triggered in earthquake-affected areas and the largest one was located close to the rupture fault. Abundant loose solid erodible materials from co-seismic rock falls and landslides were deposited in gullies, which formed the source material for debris flows. Numerous debris flows were triggered in the years after the earthquake during the rainy season. The Wenchuan and Chi-Chi earthquakes are examples where after these events the triggering thresholds for debris flows significantly decreased. Some studies emphasized that the increased debris flow activity in the earthquake-affected areas will last 20 to 40 years. However it is still an open question because no detailed research was conducted on the temporal occurrence of debris flows over a long time span after a strong earthquake. In this paper the ratio of rainfall thresholds after and before earthquakes is studied in relation to the peak ground acceleration (PGA) of earthquakes and the number of rainy seasons after the earthquake. The debris flows in the Chi-Chi and Wenchuan earthquake areas were selected for this study. The preliminary results are: (1) the earthquakes caused an instantaneous decrease of the rainfall threshold for debris flows. The ratio (r) of threshold after the earthquake over the threshold before the earthquake decreases with a power function with the increasing dimensionless peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the earthquake; (2) in the first 7 rainy seasons after the earthquake the ratio (r) linearly increases with the increasing number of elapsed rainy seasons; and (3) the earthquake not only has an increasing effect on the debris flow activity but also has an influence on the duration of this activity. The duration of the enhanced activity increases with a larger PGA. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yu, Bin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Yufu] Emergent Geohazards Ctr Jiangxi Prov, Nanchang 330025, Peoples R China.
   [Chu, Shengming] Sichuan Chuanjian Geotech Survey & Design Inst, Chengdu 610017, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Yu, B (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM drbinyu@gmail.com
TC 47
Z9 56
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV 19
PY 2014
VL 182
SI SI
BP 130
EP 135
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.007
PN B
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000347133600004
ER

PT J
AU Harvey, EL
   Hales, TC
   Horton, AJ
   Francis, OR
   Yang, F
   Liu, J
   Fan, XM
AF Harvey, Erin L.
   Hales, Tristram C.
   Horton, Alexander J.
   Francis, Oliver R.
   Yang, Fan
   Liu, Jie
   Fan, Xuanmei
TI The hazard of large debris flows
SO SCIENCE ADVANCES
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE INVENTORIES; POWER; MAGNITUDE;
   EROSION; MODEL; RATES
AB Large (>10(6) cubic meters), highly mobile debris flows represent one of the deadliest yet least understood types of landslides on Earth. These flows often originate when smaller events entrain water and sediment along their channel. The conditions controlling when and where these flows bulk are not well understood, making their hazard unpredictable. Here, we examine this hazard by combining a unique inventory of debris flows from the Wenchuan earthquake with numerical modeling to constrain their magnitude and frequency. We show that large debris flows occur more frequently than expected, on the basis of magnitude-frequency relationships for all debris flows, when high volumes of sediment are deposited in channels. These findings are consistent with other large sediment-generating events globally, such as Mount St. Helens and Mount Pinatubo where multiple large debris flows were triggered following volcanic eruptions that produced several cubic kilometers of sediment.
C1 [Harvey, Erin L.; Hales, Tristram C.; Liu, Jie] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cardiff, Wales.
   [Harvey, Erin L.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
   [Harvey, Erin L.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
   [Horton, Alexander J.] Nat Resources Wales, Cardiff, Wales.
   [Francis, Oliver R.] Klim, Berlin, Germany.
   [Yang, Fan; Liu, Jie; Fan, Xuanmei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Cardiff University; Durham University; Durham University; Chengdu
   University of Technology
RP Harvey, EL (corresponding author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cardiff, Wales.; Harvey, EL (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.; Harvey, EL (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.; Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM erin.l.harvey@durham.ac.uk; fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
EI 2375-2548
PD OCT 22
PY 2025
VL 11
IS 43
AR eadz4625
DI 10.1126/sciadv.adz4625
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:001598753100005
ER

PT J
AU Jia-Liang, J
   Yin, W
   Dan, G
   Ren-Mao, Y
   Xiao-Yan, Y
AF Jia-Liang, Jin
   Yin, Wang
   Dan, Gao
   Ren-Mao, Yuan
   Xiao-Yan, Yang
TI New Evaluation Models of Newmark Displacement for Southwest China
SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
DT Article
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC DISPLACEMENT; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; LANDSLIDE
   HAZARD; ARIAS INTENSITY; SLOPE
AB In this article, the authors aim to establish the suitable Newmark displacement models of the coseismic displacements for southwest China, where the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the 2013 Lushan earthquake, and the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred. Based on the 33 strong ground motion data recordings during the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the Newmark displacement (D-n) value, the critical acceleration (A(c)), and the Arias intensity (I-A) value of the recordings are used for relationship analysis. The new parameters are then fitted to southwest China based on the functional form of Jibson's models and their modified models. Results show that the models have higher correlation coefficients and smaller estimation errors. These are then tested by the strong ground motion data of the 2013 M-w 6.6 Lushan earthquake, indicating that the models with new fitting parameters are suitable for the southwest area of China. According to comparison analysis, one of the models with newly fitted parameters has the smallest error and the maximum correlation coefficient: log D-n = 0.465 log I-A + 12.896A(c) log I-A - 22.201A(c) + 2.092 +/- 0.148(R-2 = 0.92), being recommended for the southwest area of China. Subsequently, this model is used to evaluate the landslide hazards induced by the 2017 M-s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake, the results of which are consistent with the survey results. Therefore, the recommended model is useful for the future earthquake hazard assessment in the southwest area of China. The results presented in this article also suggest that assessment models need to be refitted with new parameters for estimating the coseismic displacement in a specific region, which will get better estimated values.
C1 [Jia-Liang, Jin] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Jia-Liang, Jin; Xiao-Yan, Yang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, 11A,Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Jia-Liang, Jin; Yin, Wang; Ren-Mao, Yuan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, A 1, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Dan, Gao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, 11A,Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,
   CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences &
   Natural Resources Research, CAS; China Earthquake Administration;
   Institute of Geology, CEA; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS
RP Jia-Liang, J (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, A 1, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM jinjl.15s@igsnrr.ac.cn; yuanrenmao@ies.ac.cn; yangxy@igsnrr.ac.cn
TC 17
Z9 20
PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI ALBANY
PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA
SN 0037-1106
EI 1943-3573
PD AUG
PY 2018
VL 108
IS 4
BP 2221
EP 2236
DI 10.1785/0120170349
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000440400000030
ER

PT J
AU Yang, CW
   Zhang, JJ
   Zhang, M
AF Yang Changwei
   Zhang Jianjing
   Zhang Ming
TI A prediction model for horizontal run-out distance of landslides
   triggered by Wenchuan earthquake
SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING VIBRATION
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; landslides; run-out distance; prediction model;
   relationship
ID HAZARD
AB The peak ground acceleration (PGA), the volume of a sliding mass V, the height of a mountain H (L) and the slope angle theta of a mountain are four important parameters affecting the horizontal run-out distance of a landslide L. Correlations among them are studied statistically based on field investigations from 67 landslides triggered by the ground shaking and other factors during the Wenchuan earthquake, and then a prediction model for horizontal run-out distance L is developed in this study. This model gives due consideration to the implications of the above four parameters on the horizontal run-out distance L and the validity of the model is verified by the Donghekou and Magong Woqian landslides. At the same time, the advantages of the model are shown by comparing it with two other common prediction methods. The major findings drawn from the analyses and comparisons are: (1) an exponential relationship exists between L and log V, L and log H (L), L and log PGA separately, but a negative exponential relationship exists between L and log tan theta, which agrees with the statistical results; and (2) according to the analysis results of the relative relationship between the height of a mountain (H) and the place where the landslides occur, the probabilities at distances of 2H/3-H, H/3-2H/3, and 0-H/3 are 70.8%, 15.4%, and 13.8%, respectively, revealing that most landslides occurred at a distance of H/2-H. This prediction model can provide an effective technical support for the prevention and mitigation of landslide hazards.
C1 [Zhang Jianjing] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Yang Changwei; Zhang Jianjing] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang Ming] Zhengzhou Zhonghe Geotech Engn Co LTD, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Zhang, JJ (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM 1209732335@qq.com
TC 9
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1671-3664
EI 1993-503X
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 12
IS 2
BP 201
EP 208
DI 10.1007/s11803-013-0163-3
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000320816700004
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Tian, YY
   Shen, LL
   Yao, Q
   Huang, XQ
   Ma, JX
   Chen, X
   Ma, SY
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Tian, Yingying
   Shen, Lingling
   Yao, Qi
   Huang, Xueqiang
   Ma, Junxue
   Chen, Xi
   Ma, Siyuan
TI Two comparable earthquakes produced greatly different coseismic
   landslides: The 2015 Gorkha, Nepal and 2008 Wenchuan, China events
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Gorkha Earthquake; Wenchuan Earthquake; landslide; dip angle;
   seismogenic fault
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; RECONNAISSANCE; REVERSE; RUPTURE; EROSION; THRUST;
   LUSHAN; FAULT; HAITI
AB The 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal and the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China occurred at the south and southeast margins of the Tibetan Plateau, respectively. Both earthquakes had similar magnitudes of Mw 7.8 and 7.9, caused catastrophic loss of life and damage to property, and generated tens of thousands of landslides. Comparisons of pre- and post-quake satellite images supported by field investigations show that the Gorkha Earthquake triggered at least 2 064 large landslides (defined as covering an area >= 10 000 m(2)) over a similar to 35 600 km(2) region with a volume of (444-584)x10(6) (average 509x10(6)) m(3) and total area of 44.78x10(6) m(2). In contrast, the Wenchuan Earthquake triggered 25 580 large landslides over a region of similar to 44 000 km(2) with a volume of (7 128-9 479)x10(6) (average 8 219x10(6)) m(3) and a total area of about 670.65x10(6) m(2). Several controlling factors including topographic relief, slope steepness, and regional peak ground acceleration (PGA) were investigated to try to explain the great differences between the number, volume and area of the coseismic landslides associated with the two similar earthquakes. We found that the differences primarily arose from an unexpected factor, the dip angle of the seismogenic fault. This discovery should aid understanding the failure mechanisms of quake-triggered landslides, and suggests that more factors should be taken into consideration in estimating coseismic landslide volumes from earthquake magnitudes.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei; Tian, Yingying; Ma, Siyuan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Lingling] Beijing Meteorol Serv, Beijing Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China.
   [Yao, Qi] China Earthquake Networks Ctr, Beijing 100045, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Xueqiang; Ma, Junxue; Chen, Xi] China Univ Geosci, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Meteorological Administration; Beijing Meteorological Service, China
   Meteorological Administration; China Earthquake Administration; China
   Earthquake Networks Center, CEA; China University of Geosciences
RP Xu, C; Xu, XW (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xuchong@ies.ac.cn; xiweixu@vip.sina.com
TC 53
Z9 66
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD DEC
PY 2016
VL 27
IS 6
BP 1008
EP 1015
DI 10.1007/s12583-016-0684-6
SC Geology
UT WOS:000390033600009
ER

PT J
AU Liou, YA
   Kar, SK
   Chang, LY
AF Liou, Yuei-An
   Kar, Sanjib K.
   Chang, Liyu
TI Use of high-resolution FORMOSAT-2 satellite images for post-earthquake
   disaster assessment: a study following the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan
   Earthquake
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; HAZARD
AB A large earthquake struck Wenchuan County, China on 12 May 2008 and is one of the most severe natural disasters of recent decades that has changed the entire landscape of Wenchuan County. This paper presents a satellite image analysis of the landslide following the Wenchuan earthquake and its consequences, and demonstrates how remote sensing techniques can be used for civilian crisis-management purpose and disaster relief. Real-time high resolution 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional information on structural deformation of land areas, directional changes of rivers, creation of new lakes, and the water levels of rivers and lakes in the earthquake affected area have been provided using the FORMOSAT-2 and Satellite pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT)-5 satellite images. Satellite images taken before and after the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake have been used for landslide investigation. Possible flooding and rupture of natural dams during the post-earthquake period have been indicated through the analysis of 3-dimensional images of FORMOSAT-2. Some rescue methods have been suggested for immediate recovery of the bereaved persons and to locate the corresponding area accurately using remote sensing techniques. Some precautionary measures have also been suggested to avoid further destruction. Comparisons of panchromatic and multispectral images of FORMOSAT-2 for a particular region have been made to quantify the location accuracy. Our results show that the real-time high-spatial resolution FORMOSAT-2 satellite images could be an efficient and useful resource for decision-makers to prepare rescue and post-event recovery operation plans, especially for some isolated earthquake areas where damage distribution is often very uneven and hard to reach in time.
C1 [Liou, Yuei-An; Kar, Sanjib K.; Chang, Liyu] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan County, Taiwan.
C3 National Central University
RP Liou, YA (corresponding author), Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, 300 Jhongda Rd, Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan County, Taiwan.
EM yueian@csrsr.ncu.edu.tw
TC 47
Z9 53
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 13
BP 3355
EP 3368
AR PII 924647577
DI 10.1080/01431161003727655
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000280282000003
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, JN
   Liu, S
   Yang, YM
   Jia, HL
   Wang, ZG
AF Xiong, Junnan
   Liu, Shan
   Yang, Yanmei
   Jia, Hongliang
   Wang, Zegen
TI Quantitative Analysis the Influence of MS8.oWenchuan earthquake on the
   Microrelief Based on RS
SO DISASTER ADVANCES
DT Article
DE Whenchuan earthquake; Earthquake deformation; Remote sensing image;
   contourmap
AB The Ms8.0 Whenchuan Earthquake happened on May12,2008, because the mechanism of Longmen mountain central fracture walk sliding thrust, the earthquake formed a largercoseismic displacement and secondary disaster such as collapse, landslide and debris flow, all of which makesmicrorelief changed. In order to quantitatively describe the influence of Ms8.0Wenchuanearthqziakeon the microrelief we conductextraction plane coordinates and elevation of discrete point from remote sensing image after the earthquake, establishing digital elevation model (DEM,1:50000) and contour map of the same region before and after the earthquake,with using this data detected the surface vertical displacement of earthquake-stricken area,comparative analysisthelength and area change of the same contour before and after the earthquake. The experimental results show thatlength change rate of each contour has linear function relationship with contour length and elevation in Wenchuan earthquake surface deformation area, each change rateof closed contour area has linear function relationship with contour area and elevation. The results has great significance on revealing theinfluence of surface deformation to microrelief contour map update, reconstruction of geographic space infrastructure in Whenchuan earthquake area.
C1 [Xiong, Junnan; Liu, Shan; Yang, Yanmei; Jia, Hongliang; Wang, Zegen] Southwest Petr Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Xiong, Junnan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Petroleum University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Xiong, JN (corresponding author), Southwest Petr Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM neu_xjn@163.com
TC 1
Z9 1
PU DISASTER ADVANCES
PI INDORE
PA SECTOR AG-80, SCHEME NO 54, VIJAY NAGAR, A B RD, INDORE, 452010, INDIA
SN 0974-262X
EI 2278-4543
PD MAY
PY 2013
VL 6
SI 2
BP 65
EP 72
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000319630500009
ER

PT J
AU Chen, S
   Miao, ZL
   Wu, LX
   He, YG
AF Chen, Shuai
   Miao, Zelang
   Wu, Lixin
   He, Yueguang
TI Application of an Incomplete Landslide Inventory and One Class
   Classifier to Earthquake-Induced Landslide Susceptibility Mapping
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
   SENSING
DT Article
DE Terrain factors; Earthquakes; Remote sensing; Support vector machines;
   Analytical models; Vegetation mapping; Earth; Earthquake-induced
   landslide; incomplete landslide inventory; landslide susceptibility;
   one-class support vector machine; slope unit
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; NEWMARK DISPLACEMENT;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; MODELS; IMAGES; LUSHAN; CHINA; MAP
AB Rapid and effective evaluation of landslide susceptibility after earthquakes is critical for various applications, such as emergency rescue, land planning, and disaster prevention. Current research suffers from the lack of a complete landslide inventory and sample selection uncertainty issues. To solve these problems, this study presents a landslide susceptibility mapping model that integrates one-class support vector machine (OCSVM) and an incomplete landslide inventory, which was established with the aid of change detection from bi-temporal Landsat images. Wenchuan County is selected as the study area to test the performance of the proposed method. The proposed method is also compared with standard two-class SVM that selects a sample randomly. Experimental results show that OCSVM can achieve better performance than SVM when only an incomplete landslide inventory is available. The findings of this study can be applied to determine regional landslide susceptibility after earthquakes and provide an essential reference for emergency response.
C1 [Chen, Shuai; Miao, Zelang; Wu, Lixin] Cent South Univ, Minist Educ, Sch Geosci & Infophys, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Shuai; Miao, Zelang; Wu, Lixin] Cent South Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Metallogen Predict Nonferrous Met & Geol, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
   [He, Yueguang] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Traff & Transportat Engn, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University; Central South University; Changsha University
   of Science & Technology
RP Miao, ZL (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Minist Educ, Sch Geosci & Infophys, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.; Miao, ZL (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Metallogen Predict Nonferrous Met & Geol, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
EM chens1227@163.com; zelang.miao@outlook.com; awulixin@263.net;
   894077350@qq.com
TC 32
Z9 34
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
EI 2151-1535
PY 2020
VL 13
BP 1649
EP 1660
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2020.2985088
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000532340300002
ER

PT J
AU Li, RH
   Hu, XY
   Xu, D
   Liu, Y
   Yu, N
AF Li, Ruiheng
   Hu, Xiangyun
   Xu, Dong
   Liu, Yang
   Yu, Nian
TI Characterizing the 3D hydrogeological structure of a debris landslide
   using the transient electromagnetic method
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
DT Article
DE Debris landslide; 3D hydrogeophysics model; Transient electromagnetic
   method; Preferential flow
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TEM DATA; INVERSION; AQUIFER; RESISTIVITY; SMOOTH;
   MODELS
AB Debris landslides are one of the most common types of landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The characteristics of the hydrogeological structure are the basis for landslide stability evaluation and protection treatment. The preferred seepage paths developed in debris landslides control the flow of groundwater and have a direct impact on the soil instability and sliding surface instability.There fore, it is particularly important to understand the groundwater seepage system. Recently, many joint geophysical surveys have been used to detect the hydrogeological structure of landslides. However, these joint surveys aim to detect structures on a large scale and do not focus on the seepage path systems in debris landslides. It is difficult to detect the 3D structure of the seepage path system in detail, taking into account the portability, penetration, and resolution while meeting the practical needs of landslide prevention. To date, no one method has been identified as the best detection method for characterizing complex 3D hydrogeological structures. To reveal the complex seepage paths efficiently, we investigated a debris landslide in Xishan village, Sichuan Province, China, by using the transient electromagnetic method (TEM), which is a fast and portable method. Additionally, we proposed an effective quasi-3D inversion strategy with kdTree to determine the geoelectric structure and to make a geological interpretation. The interpretation was verified with field engineering surveys, other geophysical surveys, and remote sensing data. The results suggest that the complex 3D structure in this debris landslide is characterized by a dendritic pipe network-like seepage drainage system. In addition, this work assessed the ability to detect different parts of the landslide based on the given resolution. Furthermore, the resolution and detection efficiency of the TEM were compared with those of other geophysical methods. The assessment and comparison demonstrated that the TEM can be used as the main survey method to fulfill the real-world demands of detecting seepage path systems in a debris landslide. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Ruiheng; Liu, Yang; Yu, Nian] Chongqing Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xiangyun; Xu, Dong] China Univ Geosci, Inst Geophys & Geomat, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University; China University of Geosciences
RP Yu, N (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.; Hu, XY (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Inst Geophys & Geomat, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
EM xyhu@163.com; yunian@126.com
TC 25
Z9 28
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29a, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0926-9851
EI 1879-1859
PD APR
PY 2020
VL 175
AR 103991
DI 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2020.103991
SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing
UT WOS:000527307000014
ER

PT J
AU Hu, GS
   Huang, H
   Tian, SF
   Rahman, M
   Shen, HW
   Yang, ZQ
AF Hu, Guisheng
   Huang, Hong
   Tian, Shufeng
   Rahman, Mahfuzur
   Shen, Haowen
   Yang, Zhiquan
TI Method on Early Identification of Low-Frequency Debris Flow Gullies
   along the Highways in the Chuanxi Plateau
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE low-frequency debris flow; early identification; colluvium deposits in a
   hollow region; highways; roundness value
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL; CATCHMENTS; IDENTIFY; DISASTER
AB Low-frequency debris flows are characterized by strong concealment, high potential danger, and difficulty achieving an early warning; hence early identification of low-frequency debris flow gullies is crucial to mitigation. Here, an identification system for low-frequency debris flow gullies along the traffic arteries in the Chuanxi Plateau is proposed based on the identification and stability calculation of colluvium deposits in a hollow region (CDH) and the quantitative roundness analysis for the stones in a deposit fan. At first, for the watershed without a deposit fan, the CDH is identified and analyzed using the geomorphologic change point detection method combined with high-precision remote sensing images and field investigation. The watershed can be identified as a low-frequency debris flow gully with the safety factors (F-s) of all CDHs greater than 1. Then, the roundness of stones in the deposit fan is quantitatively analyzed. The watershed can also be identified as a low-frequency debris flow gully with the average roundness of the stones ranging from 0.30 to 0.41. Lastly, the identification system was tested and verified based on another ten watersheds along three traffic arteries. It shows that the method proposed in this paper has good applicability and high accuracy. Here we try to achieve the accurate early identification of low-frequency debris flow gullies by combining remote sensing interpretation and field investigation, which can provide theoretical support for predicting and mitigating debris flows in mountainous areas.
C1 [Hu, Guisheng; Huang, Hong; Tian, Shufeng; Shen, Haowen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Guisheng] Acad Plateau Sci & Sustainabil, Xining 810016, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Guisheng] Chinese Acad Sci Tribhuvan Univ, Kathmandu Ctr Res & Educ, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Hong; Tian, Shufeng] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Rahman, Mahfuzur] Int Univ Business Agr & Technol IUBAT, Dept Civil Engn, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh.
   [Shen, Haowen; Yang, Zhiquan] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Publ Safety & Emergency Management, Kunming 650093, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; International University of Business
   Agriculture & Technology (IUBAT); Kunming University of Science &
   Technology
RP Tian, SF (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Tian, SF (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM tiansf@imde.ac.cn
TC 7
Z9 7
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD MAR
PY 2023
VL 15
IS 5
AR 1183
DI 10.3390/rs15051183
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000946942400001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, HJ
   Zhang, LM
   Wang, L
   Fan, RL
   Zhou, SY
   Qiang, YJ
   Peng, M
AF Wang, Haojie
   Zhang, Limin
   Wang, Lin
   Fan, Ruilin
   Zhou, Shengyang
   Qiang, Yejia
   Peng, Ming
TI Machine learning powered high-resolution co-seismic landslide detection
SO GONDWANA RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Machine learning; Earthquake; Landslides; Artificial intelligence;
   Synthetic aperture radar; Risk management
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FORESTED LANDSLIDES; CHINA; IDENTIFICATION
AB Numerous co-seismic landslides can be triggered by a strong earthquake. Fast and accurate detection and mapping of these landslides are crucial for rapid risk assessment and humanitarian assistance. Traditional visual interpretation is time-consuming and heavily influenced by human judgement. This paper pre-sents an integrated machine learning (ML) powered method for co-seismic landslide detection, which combines multi-source data, pixel-based and object-based treatments, and ML techniques. The proposed method first fuses multi-source data, including optical images, synthetic aperture radar images and dig-ital elevation models, to produce data layers and reference landslide inventories for learning. After that, ML algorithms are coupled with pixel-based and object-based treatments to produce a series of co-seismic landslide detection models. Powerful models are subsequently recommended after comprehen-sive evaluation. Two case studies of earthquakes in China are presented. The first is in the epicenter area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Even trained with only 5% of local data, the proposed method still achieves an accuracy of area (AOA) of 97.77% in the trained area and an AOA of 93.17% in a new area. If trained with the entire local data, an AOA of 99.99% in the trained area and 94.56% in a new area can be obtained. The second case detects the co-seismic landslides induced by the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earth-quake. An AOA of 96.55% is achieved with 5% of local data. The case studies confirm the outstanding per-formance and generic nature of the proposed machine learning method, greatly advancing the state of the art of high-resolution co-seismic landslide detection and the landslide science.(c) 2022 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Haojie; Zhang, Limin; Wang, Lin; Fan, Ruilin; Zhou, Shengyang; Qiang, Yejia] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Limin] HKUST Shenzhen Hong Kong Collaborat Innovat Res In, Shenzhen 518048, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, Ming] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, Ming] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Tongji University; Tongji
   University
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 10
Z9 12
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1342-937X
EI 1878-0571
PD NOV
PY 2023
VL 123
BP 217
EP 237
DI 10.1016/j.gr.2022.07.004
EA OCT 2023
SC Geology
UT WOS:001098951400001
ER

PT J
AU Qu, TT
   Lu, P
   Liu, C
   Wu, HB
   Shao, XH
   Wan, H
   Li, N
   Li, RX
AF Qu, Tengteng
   Lu, Ping
   Liu, Chun
   Wu, Hangbin
   Shao, Xiaohang
   Wan, Hong
   Li, Nan
   Li, Rongxing
TI Hybrid-SAR Technique: Joint Analysis Using Phase-Based and
   Amplitude-Based Methods for the Xishancun Giant Landslide Monitoring
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE hybrid-SAR technique; joint analysis; phase-based SAR; amplitude-based
   SAR; giant complex landslide monitoring
ID PERMANENT SCATTERERS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; D-INSAR;
   DISPLACEMENT; AREA; INTERFEROMETRY; ALGORITHM; TRACKING; IMAGES
AB Early detection and early warning are of great importance in giant landslide monitoring because of the unexpectedness and concealed nature of large-scale landslides. In China, the western mountainous areas are prone to landslides and feature many giant complex landslides, especially following the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008. This work concentrates on a new technique, known as the "hybrid-SAR technique", that combines both phase-based and amplitude-based methods to detect and monitor large-scale landslides in Li County, Sichuan Province, southwestern China. This work aims to develop a robust methodological approach to promptly identify diverse landslides with different deformation magnitudes, sliding modes and slope geometries, even when the available satellite data are limited. The phase-based and amplitude-based techniques are used to obtain the landslide displacements from six TerraSAR-X Stripmap descending scenes acquired from November 2014 to March 2015. Furthermore, the application circumstances and influence factors of hybrid-SAR are evaluated according to four aspects: ( 1) quality of terrain visibility to the radar sensor; ( 2) landslide deformation magnitude and different sliding mode; ( 3) impact of dense vegetation cover; and ( 4) sliding direction sensitivity. The results achieved from hybrid-SAR are consistent with in situ measurements. This new hybrid-SAR technique for complex giant landslide research successfully identified representative movement areas, e.g., an extremely slow earthflow and a creeping region with a displacement rate of 1 cm per month and a typical rotational slide with a displacement rate of 2-3 cm per month downwards and towards the riverbank. Hybrid-SAR allows for a comprehensive and preliminary identification of areas with significant movement and provides reliable data support for the forecasting and monitoring of landslides.
C1 [Qu, Tengteng; Lu, Ping; Liu, Chun; Wu, Hangbin; Shao, Xiaohang; Wan, Hong; Li, Nan; Li, Rongxing] Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Sustainable Dev Applic, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University
RP Liu, C (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Sustainable Dev Applic, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM 1989tengteng@tongji.edu.cn; luping@tongji.edu.cn; liuchun@tongji.edu.cn;
   hb@tongji.edu.cn; 1533336@tongji.edu.cn; 8lovehappy@tongji.edu.cn;
   123linan@tongji.edu.cn; rli@tongji.edu.cn
TC 25
Z9 30
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD OCT
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 10
AR 874
DI 10.3390/rs8100874
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000387357300088
ER

PT J
AU Li, YG
   Tang, C
   Han, Z
   Huang, JL
   Xu, LR
   He, Y
   Chen, GQ
AF Li, Yange
   Tang, Chuan
   Han, Zheng
   Huang, Jianling
   Xu, Linrong
   He, Yi
   Chen, Guangqi
TI Estimating the mud depth of debris flow in a natural river channel: a
   theoretical approach and its engineering application
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Mud depth; Complex topography; The numerical integral
   method; Mitigation work
ID VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION; FIELD; ENTRAINMENT; SIMULATION; DISCHARGE; DESIGN
AB Mud depth of debris flow is an essential parameter for assessing the hazard magnitude in an event. However, direct prediction of mud depth in a natural river channel is a scientific challenge because current methods often treat the complex relief of bed surface as a rectangular one, which makes the prediction illogical. In this paper, we propose a new theoretical approach, the so-called numerical integral method-based approach for estimating the maximum mud depth of debris flow at a complex cross-section in a natural river channel. Given a predefined peak discharge of the debris-flow event, the numerical integral method-based iteration algorithm uses the Riemann method to search for an approximate mud depth. In contrast to the previous methods, the presented approach addresses an important issue, namely it takes into account the complex shape of the bed surface and superelevation at the bend for natural channels. Two cases are used to illustrate the performance and advantages of the presented approach: one is a well-documented event in the previous study, and the other is a debris-flow event after Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. An engineering application regarding the rational design of a debris-flow canal is subsequently discussed. The canal was completely destroyed in a debris flow event in 2008. We used the proposed method to back-analyze the mud depth and velocity in the canal. It was found that the abrupt decrease of mud depth from the natural channel to the concrete canal significantly reduced the transportation capability, thereby causing blockage in the canal. The canal was modified and reconstructed in 2009 with suggested improvements from the proposed method, and successfully transported subsequent debris flow in 2011.
C1 [Li, Yange; Han, Zheng; Huang, Jianling; Xu, Linrong] Cent S Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha 410075, Hunan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yange; Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610000, Peoples R China.
   [Han, Zheng; He, Yi; Chen, Guangqi] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Nishi Ku, West 2-1110,744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
   [Chen, Guangqi] Kyushu Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Ctr Zone 3-3216,744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190386, Japan.
C3 Central South University; Chengdu University of Technology; Kyushu
   University; Kyushu University
RP Han, Z (corresponding author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Nishi Ku, West 2-1110,744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
EM hankzzz@163.com
TC 11
Z9 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD APR
PY 2016
VL 75
IS 8
AR 722
DI 10.1007/s12665-016-5480-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000375063400092
ER

PT J
AU Li, M
   Tian, CS
   Wang, YK
   Liu, Q
   Lu, YF
   Wang, S
AF Li Ming
   Tian Cong-shan
   Wang Yu-kuan
   Liu Qin
   Lu Ya-feng
   Wang Shan
TI Impacts of future climate change (2030-2059) on debris flow hazard: A
   case study in the Upper Minjiang River basin, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Hazard assessment; Relative degree analysis; Rough set
   theory; Future climate change; Minjiang River basin
ID ROUGH SET-THEORY; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HEAVY RAINFALL; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   MODEL; SCALE; RISK
AB An increase in extreme precipitation events due to future climate change will have a decisive influence on the formation of debris flows in earthquake-stricken areas. This paper aimed to describe the possible impacts of future climate change on debris flow hazards in the Upper Minjiang River basin in Northwest Sichuan of China, which was severely affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The study area was divided into 1285 catchments, which were used as the basic assessment units for debris flow hazards. Based on the current understanding of the causes of debris flows, a binary logistic regression model was used to screen key factors based on local geologic, geomorphologic, soil, vegetation, and meteorological and climatic conditions. We used the weighted summation method to obtain a composite index for debris flow hazards, based on two weight allocation methods: Relative Degree Analysis and rough set theory. Our results showed that the assessment model using the rough set theory resulted in better accuracy. According to the bias corrected and downscaled daily climate model data, future annual precipitation (2030-2059) in the study area are expected to decrease, with an increasing number of heavy rainfall events. Under future climate change, areas with a high-level of debris flow hazard will be even more dangerous, and 5.9% more of the study area was categorized as having a high-level hazard. Future climate change will cause an increase in debris flow hazard levels for 128 catchments, accounting for 10.5% of the total area. In the coming few decades, attention should be paid not only to traditional areas with high-level of debris flow hazards, but also to those areas with an increased hazard level to improve their resilience to debris flow disasters.
C1 [Li Ming; Tian Cong-shan; Wang Yu-kuan; Liu Qin; Lu Ya-feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Tian Cong-shan] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Liu Qin] Chengdu Univ Technol, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Shan] Chengdu Land Planning & Cadastre Ctr, Chengdu 610074, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Wang, YK (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM liming@imde.ac.cn; cstian@imde.ac.cn; wangyukuan@imde.ac.cn;
   Liuqin@imde.ac.cn; luyafeng@imde.ac.cn; wangshancdut@163.com
TC 18
Z9 20
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD AUG
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 8
BP 1836
EP 1850
DI 10.1007/s11629-017-4787-z
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000442239600016
ER

PT J
AU Wang, T
   Chen, XQ
   Li, K
   Chen, JG
   You, Y
AF Wang, Tao
   Chen, Xiaoqing
   Li, Kun
   Chen, Jiangang
   You, Yong
TI Experimental study of viscous debris flow characteristics in drainage
   channel with oblique symmetrical sills
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Drainage channel; Oblique symmetrical sill; Mitigation
   structure
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MITIGATION; PARAMETERS; DESIGN
AB In this study, experiments were performed in a 6-m-long flume to determine the characteristics of viscous debris flows in a new type of drainage channel with oblique symmetrical sills. The debris flow velocity was measured and subsequently used to characterise the viscous debris flow. The influences of the channel slope, transverse length of sills, and row spacing of sills on the debris flow velocity and the velocity reduction ratio P were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the viscous debris flow velocity increased as the channel slope increased from 0.10 to 0.15. However, the velocity decreased as the ratio of the transverse length of sills to the row spacing of sills increased from 0.13 to 0.53. Different combinations of the channel slopes, transverse lengths of sills, and row spacing of sills reduced the velocity by 14.2%-51.1% compared to the velocity in a smooth channel. The effects of the channel slopes, transverse lengths of sills, and row spacing of sills on P could be described using a power-law equation. Most of the errors in P prediction ranged from - 25.0% to 25.0%. A comparison of P in drainage channels with different deceleration measures indicated that P increased with an increase in the length of a channel with deceleration measures. These experimental results serve as a useful reference for the design of drainage channels with oblique symmetrical sills.
C1 [Wang, Tao; Chen, Xiaoqing; Chen, Jiangang; You, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Kun] Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Chengdu 637001, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Southwest Petroleum University
RP Chen, XQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM xqchen@imde.ac.cn
TC 16
Z9 20
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN 31
PY 2018
VL 233
BP 55
EP 62
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.11.024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000424187300006
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Dai, FC
   Xiao, JZ
   Tan, XB
   Yuan, RM
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Dai, Fuchu
   Xiao, Jianzhang
   Tan, Xibin
   Yuan, Renmao
TI Landslide hazard mapping using GIS and weight of evidence model in
   Qingshui River watershed of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake struck region
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; landslides; weight of evidence; Geographic
   Information Systems (GIS); landslide hazard mapping
ID ROCK SLOPE STABILITY; NEURAL-NETWORK MODEL; SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; PREDICTION MODELS; ZONATION; AREA; INFORMATION;
   TURKEY; ISLAND
AB Tens of thousands of landslides were triggered by May 12, 2008 earthquake over a broad area. The main purpose of this article is to apply and verify earthquake-triggered landslide hazard analysis techniques by using weight of evidence modeling in Qingshui (ae...ae degrees ') River watershed, Deyang (a3/4 center dot e similar to(3)) City, Sichuan (a >> a center dot e) Province, China. Two thousand three hundred and twenty-one landslides were interpreted in the study area from aerial photographs and multi-source remote sensing imageries post-earthquake, verified by field surveys. The landslide inventory in the study area was established. A spatial database, including landslides and associated controlling parameters that may have influence on the occurrence of landslides, was constructed from topographic maps, geological maps, and enhanced thematic mapper (ETM+) remote sensing imageries. The factors that influence landslide occurrence, such as slope angle, aspect, curvature, elevation, flow accumulation, distance from drainages, and distance from roads were calculated from the topographic maps. Lithology, distance from seismogenic fault, distance from all faults, and distance from stratigraphic boundaries were derived from the geological maps. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was extracted from ETM+ images. Seismic intensity zoning was collected from Wenchuan (ae +/- a center dot e) Ms8.0 Earthquake Intensity Distribution Map published by the China Earthquake Administration. Landslide hazard indices were calculated using the weight of evidence model, and landslide hazard maps were calculated from using different controlling parameters cases. The hazard map was compared with known landslide locations and verified. The success accuracy percentage of using all 13 controlling parameters was 71.82%. The resulting landslide hazard map showed five classes of landslide hazard, i.e., very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The validation results showed satisfactory agreement between the hazard map and the existing landslides distribution data. The landslide hazard map can be used to identify and delineate unstable hazard-prone areas. It can also help planners to choose favorable locations for development schemes, such as infrastructural, buildings, road constructions, and environmental protection.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei; Tan, Xibin; Yuan, Renmao] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecten & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong; Dai, Fuchu; Xiao, Jianzhang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Xu, XW (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecten & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xiweixu@vip.sina.com
TC 123
Z9 152
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 23
IS 1
BP 97
EP 120
DI 10.1007/s12583-012-0236-7
SC Geology
UT WOS:000299376100008
ER

PT J
AU Li, YJ
   Meng, XM
   Guo, P
   Dijkstra, T
   Zhao, Y
   Chen, G
   Yue, DX
AF Li, Yajun
   Meng, Xingmin
   Guo, Peng
   Dijkstra, Tom
   Zhao, Yan
   Chen, Guan
   Yue, Dongxia
TI Constructing rainfall thresholds for debris flow initiation based on
   critical discharge and S-hydrograph
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow initiation; Rainfall thresholds; Intensity-duration; Channel
   bed erosion; Hydrological model
ID INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLDS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SHALLOW
   LANDSLIDES; GANSU PROVINCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RUNOFF; GEOHAZARDS;
   PREDICTION; TRAVEL; GENERATION
AB Debris flows caused by channel bed erosion present major hazards affecting life, livelihoods, and the built environment in mountainous regions. An efficient way to decrease hazard impact is through reliable hazard forecasts and appropriate early-warning strategies. Rainfall thresholds are fundamental in achieving reliable hazard forecasts. However, a lack of rainfall records often impedes the empirical establishment of such thresholds. This paper constructs rainfall intensity-duration thresholds based on process-based critical runoff discharge for the initiation of debris flows and a mathematical approximation among peak discharge, rainfall intensity and duration. Simulations of conditions that triggered debris flow and non-debris flow events allowed determination of the lower and upper limits of critical discharge for debris flow initiation. In turn, these critical discharge limits are compared with four estimates derived from process-based approaches to test which approach best delimit the critical conditions. Hydrological simulations derive S-hydrographs for recorded rainfall events. Further analysis of the S-hydrographs results in a mathematical approximation of peak discharge as a function of rainfall intensity and duration and the establishment of the minimum rainfall required to produce a particular peak discharge. The minimum rainfall threshold to trigger an event can be calculated by setting the process-based critical discharge as the peak dis charge. In turn, this enables the establishment of a conventional rainfall I-D threshold for debris flow initiation. This process-based approach enables the construction of valley-specific I-D thresholds in data-poor areas and provides a promising pathway to improve the reliability of debris flow hazard forecasts and early warnings.
C1 [Li, Yajun; Meng, Xingmin; Guo, Peng; Zhao, Yan; Chen, Guan] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 73000, Peoples R China.
   [Dijkstra, Tom; Yue, Dongxia] Loughborough Univ, Sch Architecture Bldg & Civil Engn, Loughborough, Leics, England.
   [Dijkstra, Tom; Yue, Dongxia] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 73000, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Loughborough University; Lanzhou University
RP Meng, XM (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 73000, Peoples R China.
EM xmmeng@lzu.edu.cn
TC 18
Z9 19
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN
PY 2021
VL 280
AR 105962
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105962
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000615526300038
ER

PT J
AU Song, YY
   Qi, M
   Yang, JY
   Sun, HL
AF Song, Yuanyuan
   Qi, Meng
   Yang, Jiayi
   Sun, Hailong
TI Long-term dynamics of plant community functional composition influenced
   by ecological filters interplay in post-earthquake slope revegetation
SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY
DT Article
DE climate; ecological filtering; functional diversity; functional traits;
   slope revegetation; Wenchuan earthquake
ID DIVERSITY; RESTORATION; CLIMATE; BIODIVERSITY; COEXISTENCE; RESILIENCE;
   VEGETATION; FRAMEWORK; RICHNESS; IMPACTS
AB Natural disturbances such as earthquakes can severely impact the degradation of the regional ecosystem. Investigating the driving factors behind community composition and functional diversity in post-earthquake slope revegetation holds significant potential for guiding ecological restoration efforts on slopes. This study conducted field experiments in the Wenchuan earthquake area of Sichuan, China, employing methods with a non-metric multidimensional scale and a linear mixed-effects model to assess how seed mix (biotic filters) and climate (abiotic filters) influence long-term changes in the functional composition of post-earthquake slope revegetation communities. The results indicate that: (1) Climate, seed mix, and age of restoration significantly affect slope community composition (p < 0.001). As restoration progresses, the influence of climate on community composition remains pronounced, while the community composition under different seed mixes tends to become more homogeneous. (2) Seed mix, climate, age of restoration, and their interactions collectively drive the functional traits of slope revegetation communities (p < 0.05). With succession, the specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content decrease while leaf dry matter content and seed mass increase, indicating a shift toward more resource-conservative traits. (3) Functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), and functional dispersion (FDis) increase with restoration time, while functional divergence decreases. Climate, age of restoration, and their interaction significantly influence FRic, whereas age of restoration has a notable impact on FDis and FEve. These findings provide valuable insights for managers in selecting appropriate restoration strategies across different climates and contribute to the development of post-earthquake slope ecological restoration strategies.
C1 [Song, Yuanyuan; Qi, Meng; Yang, Jiayi; Sun, Hailong] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University
RP Sun, HL (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM sunhl@scu.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1061-2971
EI 1526-100X
PD SEP
PY 2025
VL 33
IS 7
DI 10.1111/rec.70128
EA JUL 2025
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001521011100001
ER

PT J
AU Wasowski, J
   McSaveney, MJ
   Pisano, L
   Del Gaudio, V
   Li, Y
   Hu, W
AF Wasowski, J.
   McSaveney, M. J.
   Pisano, L.
   Del Gaudio, V.
   Li, Y.
   Hu, W.
TI Recurrent rock avalanches progressively dismantle a mountain ridge in
   Beichuan County, Sichuan, most recently in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Co-seismic rock avalanche; Landslide dam; Ambient noise; Wenchuan
   earthquake, Longmen Shan
ID INDUCED LANDSLIDES; AMBIENT NOISE; SLOPE RESPONSE; AREA; RECORDINGS;
   CHINA; CLASSIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; SATELLITE; HAZARDS
AB Large earthquake-triggered landslides, in particular rock avalanches, can have catastrophic consequences. However, without accelerometer records, the recognition of slopes prone to such failures remains difficult, because slope-specific seismic response depends on many factors including local topography, landforms, structure and internal geology. We address these issues by exploring the case of a rock avalanche of >3 million m(3) triggered by the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Shan range, China. The failure, denominated Yangjia gully rock avalanche, occurred in Beichuan County (Sichuan Province), one of the areas that suffered the highest shaking intensity and death toll caused by co-seismic landsliding. Even though the Wenchuan earthquake produced tens of large (volume > 1 million m(3)) rock avalanches, many of which resulted in dangerous landslides, few studies so far have examined the pre-2008 history of the failed slope or reported on the stratigraphic record of mass-movement deposits exposed along local river courses. The presented case of the Yangjia gully rock avalanche shows the importance of such attempts as they provide information on the recurrence of large slope failures and their associated hazards. Our effort stems from recognition, on 2005 satellite imagery, of topography and morphology indicative of a large, apparently pre-historic slope failure and the associated breached landslide dam, both features closely resembling the forms generated in the catastrophic 2008 earthquake. The follow-up reconstruction recognizes an earlier landslide deposit exhumed from beneath the 2008 Yangjia gully rock avalanche by fluvial erosion since May 2008. We infer a seismic trigger also for the pre-2008 rock avalanche based on the following circumstantial evidence: i) the same source area (valley-facing, terminal portion of a flattopped, elongated mountain ridge) located within one and a half kilometer of the seismically active Beichuan fault; ii) significant directional amplification of ground vibration, sub-parallel to the failed slope direction, detected via ambient noise measurements on the ridge adjacent to the source area of the 2008 rock avalanche and iii) common depositional and textural features of the two landslide deposits. Then, we show how, through consideration of the broader geomorphic and seismo-tectonic contexts, one can gain insight into the spatial and temporal recurrence of catastrophic slope failures in Beichuan County and elsewhere in the Longmen Shan. This insight, combined with local-scale geologic and geomorphologic knowledge, may guide selection of suspect slopes for reconnaissance, wide-area ambient noise investigation aimed at discriminating their relative susceptibility to co-seismic catastrophic failures. We indicate the feasibility of such investigations through the example of this study, which uses 3-component velocimeters designed to register low amplitude ground vibration. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wasowski, J.; Pisano, L.] CNR, Ist Ric Protez Idrogeol, Bari, Italy.
   [Wasowski, J.; McSaveney, M. J.; Del Gaudio, V.; Li, Y.; Hu, W.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [McSaveney, M. J.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
   [Del Gaudio, V.] Univ Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento Sci Terra & Geoambientali, Bari, Italy.
C3 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Ricerca per la
   Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI-CNR); Chengdu University of Technology;
   GNS Science - New Zealand; Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro
RP Wasowski, J (corresponding author), CNR, Ist Ric Protez Idrogeol, Bari, Italy.; Hu, W (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM j.wasowski@ba.irpi.cnr.it; 513933225@qq.com
TC 18
Z9 21
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD FEB 1
PY 2021
VL 374
AR 107492
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107492
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000604745100004
ER

PT J
AU Wang, J
   Sun, G
   Shi, F
   Lu, T
   Wang, Q
   Wu, Y
   Wu, N
   Oli, KP
AF Wang, J.
   Sun, G.
   Shi, F.
   Lu, T.
   Wang, Q.
   Wu, Y.
   Wu, N.
   Oli, K. P.
TI Runoff and soil loss in a typical subtropical evergreen forest stricken
   by the Wenchuan earthquake: Their relationships with rainfall, slope
   inclination, and vegetation cover
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
DT Article
DE landslides; runoff; slope gradients; soil erosion; vegetation cover;
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID LAND-USE CHANGE; NEW-ZEALAND; PLANT MORPHOLOGY; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; CENTRAL
   TAIWAN; RIVER VALLEY; SE SPAIN; SW CHINA; EROSION; LANDSLIDE
AB Earthquakes cause serious environmental problems for restoration and reconstruction of the area. Previous studies evaluated the consequences of soil loss and runoff from earthquakes. Some studies estimated soil loss and runoff amount precisely, but empirical studies on in situ and high geomorphic variability are lacking. This study was carried out in Xiaoyudong Township of Pengzhou County, China, in a typical subtropical, moist climate zone, with the vegetation of a subtropical, evergreen forest where the most destructive earthquake, named the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in May 12, 2008. This severe earthquake was followed by more than 30,000 aftershocks causing devastating landslides, soil erosion, runoff, and vegetation loss, which make the fault zone in the Longmen Mountains of Sichuan Province a perfect study area. The broad objective of this study was to estimate the sediment amount generated by the Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that (1) more runoff and soil loss occurred in landslides than at forested sites after the earthquake; (2) runoff and soil loss have positive linear correlations with rainfall amount and slope gradient, but there is a negative exponential correlation between vegetation cover and runoff, as well as soil loss; and (3) classification grades of soil erosion intensity reveals that total soil loss of very severe grade was 14.3% at the landslides sites. Moreover, 4.72 x 10(6) t (4.65 x 10(6) tn) of soil was still strikingly lost from landslides two years after the earthquake.
C1 [Wang, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Key Lab Mt Ecol Restorat & Bioresource Utilizat &, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, J.] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Sun, G.; Shi, F.; Lu, T.; Wang, Q.; Wu, Y.; Wu, N.] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, N.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Oli, K. P.] Interna Ctr Integrated Mt Dev ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Institute of Biology, CAS; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Institute of Biology, CAS
RP Wang, J (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Key Lab Mt Ecol Restorat & Bioresource Utilizat &, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China.
TC 8
Z9 13
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA
SN 0022-4561
EI 1941-3300
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2014
VL 69
IS 1
BP 65
EP 74
DI 10.2489/jswc.69.1.65
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000329308200010
ER

PT J
AU Sun, SW
   Chen, FQ
   Wang, W
AF Sun, Shu-Wei
   Chen, Fu-Quan
   Wang, Wei
TI Mechanism and Remediation of a Seismically Induced Landslide with a
   Potential for Deep Seated Sliding
SO SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
DT Article
ID SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS
AB This paper presents a study of the failure mechanism and control measures for a seismically induced landslide along the Wanzhou-Liangping expressway in China. It is shown that the dominant cause of the slope stability problem is the original inappropriate geometry of the slope. Slope stability analyses were performed using Spencer's method incorporated with the pseudostatic method, which showed that the rock slope was unstable after the Wenchuan earthquake, and the stability of the studied area was governed mainly by the significant potential of deep sliding. Measures to stabilize unstable zones include resloping and unloading the slope, installing rock anchors and a retaining wall, improving drainage, and vegetating bare areas. The results indicate that the measures were effective in controlling the landslide.
C1 [Sun, Shu-Wei; Wang, Wei] China Univ Min & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Fu-Quan] Fuzhou Univ, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Mining & Technology; Fuzhou University
RP Sun, SW (corresponding author), China Univ Min & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
TC 7
Z9 7
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0038-0741
EI 1573-9279
PD JUL
PY 2015
VL 52
IS 3
BP 155
EP 162
DI 10.1007/s11204-015-9322-z
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000362348200007
ER

PT J
AU Tang, C
   Ma, GC
   Chang, M
   Li, WL
   Zhang, DD
   Jia, T
   Zhou, ZY
AF Tang, Chuan
   Ma, Guochao
   Chang, Ming
   Li, Weile
   Zhang, Dandan
   Jia, Tao
   Zhou, Zhiyuan
TI Landslides triggered by the 20 April 2013 Lushan earthquake, Sichuan
   Province, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Lushan earthquake; Co-seismic landslides; Spatial distribution;
   Landslide concentration
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INVENTORIES;
   PREFECTURE; FAULT
AB The 20 April 2013 Lushan earthquake with a magnitude of M-5 7.0 induced widespread landsliding along the southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the characteristics of these co-seismic landslides triggered in an area of 13,323 km(2). A total of 3810 individual landslide points were identified through an intensive field investigation and from digital aerial photographs taken after the Lushan earthquake. To facilitate the more detailed analysis on the areal frequency of co-seismic landslides as polygons, we selected an area of 732 km(2) around the epicenter that had the highest density of co-seismic landslides. The sizes of the landslides are, in general, much smaller than those that were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The most common types of landslides in the study area were rock falls and shallow, disrupted landslides from steep slopes, which typically involved the top few meters of weathered bedrock and colluvium. In this study, the relation between the landslide distribution and five main factors was analyzed: fault proximity, epicenter proximity, peak ground acceleration (PGA), slope angle, and lithology. Our study results show that the landslide concentration tends to decrease with distance from the seismogenic fault, and the highest landslide concentration is located within a distance of 5 km. Regarding the distance to the epicenter, the largest landslide density is found at a distance between 5 and 10 km. The landslide concentration also increases with increasing slope angle until a maximum for the slope class 45 degrees-55 degrees. In addition, results show that slopes consisting of deeply weathered and fractured sandstones and mudstones were the most susceptible to co-seismic landslides. In this study, we found that the location of the hanging wall and the footwall of the fault did not seem to have an important effect on the landslide distribution. This is in contradiction to what has been reported in other earthquake areas such as the Wenchuan area. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tang, Chuan; Ma, Guochao; Chang, Ming; Li, Weile; Zhang, Dandan; Jia, Tao; Zhou, Zhiyuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, C (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM tangc707@gmail.com
TC 72
Z9 82
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAR 17
PY 2015
VL 187
BP 45
EP 55
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.12.004
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000351649600004
ER

PT J
AU Feng, J
   Zhang, YB
   He, JX
   Zhu, H
   Huang, L
   Mao, WT
   Fu, HY
   Li, DJ
AF Feng, Jun
   Zhang, Yingbin
   He, Jianxian
   Zhu, Hui
   Huang, Lin
   Mao, Wentao
   Fu, Haiying
   Li, Dejian
TI Dynamic response and failure evolution of low-angled interbedding soft
   and hard stratum rock slope under earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Bedding rock slope; Shaking table test; Seismic response; Failure
   evolution
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SHAKING TABLE TEST; SEISMIC RESPONSE; WULIPO
   LANDSLIDE; DEBRIS FLOW; TOPOGRAPHY; STABILITY; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR;
   SICHUAN
AB Earthquake-induced landslides caused lots of deaths and economic loss in the active tectonic region, like the South-West of China. Soft and hard rock interbedding slopes are easy to fail and slide under earthquake loadings which result in catastrophic disasters. The seismic response and failure evolution of the slope subjected to the earthquake are key to revealing the mechanism of the earthquake-induced landslide and adopting engineering reinforcement in the future. In this study, a series of shaking table tests were performed to reveal the seismic response and failure mechanism of low-angled bedding rock slopes with interbedding of the soft and hard rock layers. Test results show that the acceleration amplification coefficients in the horizontal direction increase first and then decrease with the increase of the slope elevation. The seismic response of the sandstone sandwiching mudstone slope is stronger than that of the mudstone sandwiching sandstone slope. The thicker the middle rock strata, the greater the difference in seismic response between the uppermost and lowest strata. The failure evolution of the interbedding soft and hard rock layer slope can be summarized into three stages with the increase of the amplitude of the input ground motion. The novel findings can provide a basis for post-earthquake disaster investigation and disaster prevention and mitigation in active seismic areas.
C1 [Feng, Jun; Zhang, Yingbin; He, Jianxian; Zhu, Hui; Huang, Lin; Fu, Haiying; Li, Dejian] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 111-2nd Ring Rd,North 1 Duan, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Mao, Wentao] Design & Res Co Ltd, Zhejiang Prov Inst Commun Planning, Hangzhou 310031, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Zhang, YB (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 111-2nd Ring Rd,North 1 Duan, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM yingbinz719@swjtu.edu.cn
TC 17
Z9 20
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD OCT
PY 2022
VL 81
IS 10
AR 400
DI 10.1007/s10064-022-02910-w
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000850580800002
ER

PT J
AU Yan, ZZ
   Du, XP
   Fan, XT
AF Yan, Zhenzhen
   Du, Xiaoping
   Fan, Xiangtao
TI Parallel numerical analysis of the failure characteristics of
   earthquake-induced landslides
SO GEOSCIENCES JOURNAL
DT Article
DE earthquake-induced landslide; slope stability; numerical simulation;
   parallel computing; Wenchuan earthquake
ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SLOPE STABILITY; SPECTRAL-ELEMENT METHOD; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; HYBRID METHOD; TAIWAN; SURFACES; REGION; MOTION; CHINA; AREA
AB Earthquake-induced landslides are serious natural hazards that shocked us with tremendous casualties and great economic losses in many mountainous areas around the world. However, predicting and preventing the earthquake-induced landslides is very difficult due to the complicated relationship between seismic dynamics and coseismic landsliding. Comprehensive understanding of earthquake-induced landslides from the perspective of seismic dynamic mechanism remains inadequate at present. This study employs an elastoplastic spectral element method incorporating parallel computing and represents a realistic three-dimensional slope model via a semi-structured hexahedral mesh to investigate the dynamic failure characteristics of earthquake-induced landslides. Dynamic behaviours of slopes are simulated using a continuumbased approach with a Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. Displacement fields are calculated using the shear strength reduction technique. Pseudo-static seismic loading is performed to assess the slope stability quantitatively and complex topography is taken into consideration. The Xinzhong landslide that occurred in Beichuan Country is one of destructively collapsing landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and is therefore selected as a case study for discussion. Three-dimensional visualization of the calculated results quantitatively demonstrated that the three-dimensional numerical model well reproduced the coseismic landsliding response and its essential dynamic failure pattern, which could not be purely captured by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies and calculated using simply two-dimensional numerical model. The numerical results also showed that tensile and shear fractures had significant influences on the nature of the failed surface development. In addition, the presence of seismic loading in the slope could cause obvious disturbances for the slope stability. Comparative analysis indicated that the shear surface of the earthquake-induced slope was shorter and the tension crack surface was deeper than that of the normal gravity condition. Moreover, the landslide mainly occurred in the transition from the upper to lower part of the slope, indicating that the slope topography was one of the crucial factors resulting in slope failure. Although the model was constructed without the presence of a pre-existing failure surface, comparative analysis addressed that the failure surface obtained by the numerical simulation was in close agreement with that by the post-failure investigations. The results could provide insight into better understanding of the relationship between landslide and seismic dynamic mechanism. The study has practical significance for the effective prevention and mitigation of earthquake-induced landslide hazards.
C1 [Yan, Zhenzhen; Du, Xiaoping; Fan, Xiangtao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS
RP Du, XP (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
EM duxp@radi.ac.cn
TC 1
Z9 2
PU GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY KOREA
PI SEOUL
PA NEW BLD RM 813, KSTC, 835-4, YEOKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-GU, SEOUL, 135-703,
   SOUTH KOREA
SN 1226-4806
EI 1598-7477
PD AUG
PY 2016
VL 20
IS 4
BP 529
EP 538
DI 10.1007/s12303-015-0056-8
SC Geology
UT WOS:000380724000009
ER

PT J
AU Dong, JJ
   Tung, YH
   Chen, CC
   Liao, JJ
   Pan, YW
AF Dong, Jia-Jyun
   Tung, Yu-Hsiang
   Chen, Chien-Chih
   Liao, Jyh-Jong
   Pan, Yii-Wen
TI Logistic regression model for predicting the failure probability of a
   landslide dam
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Failure probability; Logistic regression; Geomorphic
   variables
ID HAZARD ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL APPROACH; NEW-ZEALAND; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   EARTHQUAKE; GIS; VALIDATION
AB Landslides may obstruct river flow and result in landslide dams; they occur in many regions of the world. The formation and disappearance of natural lakes involve a complex earth-surface process. According to the lessons learned from many historical cases, landslide dams usually break down rapidly soon after the formation of the lake. Regarding hazard mitigation, prompt evaluation of the stability of the landslide dam is crucial. Based on a Japanese dataset, this study utilized the logistic regression method and the jack-knife technique to identify the important geomorphic variables, including peak flow (or catchment area), dam height, width and length in sequence, affecting the stability of landslide dams. The resulting high overall prediction power demonstrates the robustness of the proposed logistic regression models. Accordingly, the failure probability of a landslide dam can also be evaluated based on this approach. Ten landslide dams (formed after the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake, the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and 2009 Typhoon Morakot) with complete dam geometry records were adopted as examples of evaluating the failure probability. The stable Tsao-Ling landslide dam, which was induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake, has a failure probability of 27.68% using a model incorporating the catchment area and dam geometry. On the contrary, the Tangjiashan landslide dam, which was artificially breached soon after its formation during the Wenchuan earthquake, has a failure probability as high as 99.54%. Typhoon Morakot induced the Siaolin landslide dam, which was breached within one hour after its formation and has a failure probability of 71.09%. Notably, the failure probability of the earthquake induced cases is reduced if the catchment area in the prediction model is replaced by the peak flow of the dammed stream for these cases. In contrast, the predicted failure probability of the heavy rainfall-induced case increases if the high flow rate of the dammed stream is incorporated into the prediction model. Consequently, it is suggested that the prediction model using the peak flow as causative factor should be used to evaluate the stability of a landslide dam if the peak flow is available. Together with an estimation of the impact of an outburst flood from a landslide-dammed lake, the failure probability of the landslide dam predicted by the proposed logistic regression model could be useful for evaluating the related risk. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dong, Jia-Jyun; Tung, Yu-Hsiang] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Appl Geol, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan.
   [Dong, Jia-Jyun; Chen, Chien-Chih] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Geophys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan.
   [Liao, Jyh-Jong; Pan, Yii-Wen] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
   [Liao, Jyh-Jong; Pan, Yii-Wen] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Hazard Mitigat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
C3 National Central University; National Central University; National Yang
   Ming Chiao Tung University; National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
RP Dong, JJ (corresponding author), 300 Jungda Rd, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan.
EM jjdong@geo.ncu.edu.tw
TC 115
Z9 137
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN 10
PY 2011
VL 117
IS 1-2
BP 52
EP 61
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.10.004
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000286853100006
ER

PT J
AU Song, YX
   Huang, D
   Zeng, B
AF Song, Yixiang
   Huang, Da
   Zeng, Bin
TI GPU-based parallel computation for discontinuous deformation analysis
   (DDA) method and its application to modelling earthquake-induced
   landslide
SO COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
DT Article
DE GPU; DDA; Jacobi Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient; Daguangbao landslide
ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; ALGORITHM; SOLVER
AB Graphic Processing Unit (GPU), as a computing device, has upgraded from single-subject graphical processors to multi-core processors with tremendous computational horsepower. This paper proposes to accelerate the DDA using parallel Jacobi Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (JPCG) technique on GPUs. Based on the results of two numerical examples, the calculation accuracies of the DDA with serial and parallel solvers are validated, and we found that the DDA with parallel solvers exhibits a much higher execution efficiency. The movement process of Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake is replicated and the modeled deposit pattern coincides well with the actual topography after earthquake. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Song, Yixiang; Huang, Da; Zeng, Bin] Chongqing Univ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Minist Educ, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Yixiang; Huang, Da; Zeng, Bin] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Da] Chongqing Univ, State Key Lab Coal Mine Disaster Dynam & Control, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University; Chongqing University; Chongqing University
RP Huang, D (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.
EM hdcqy@126.com
TC 53
Z9 59
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0266-352X
EI 1873-7633
PD JUN
PY 2017
VL 86
BP 80
EP 94
DI 10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.01.001
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000401392800007
ER

PT J
AU Chen, S
   Wu, LX
   Miao, ZL
AF Chen, Shuai
   Wu, Lixin
   Miao, Zelang
TI Regional seismic landslide susceptibility assessment considering the
   rock mass strength heterogeneity
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Seismic landslide susceptibility; permanent-displacement analysis;
   spatial heterogeneity; rock mass; lithological environment
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED SLIDING DISPLACEMENTS;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; REGRESSION-MODELS; HAZARD; SHALLOW; PARAMETERS;
   CHINA; AREA; APPLICABILITY
AB Rock mass strength parameters are critical when applying the permanent-displacement analysis to landslide susceptibility assessment. Previous studies use limited measured data to assign a constant value for each lithology. Since the rock mass strength is spatially heterogeneous, assigning a constant value to each lithology cannot effectively reflect the spatial heterogeneity of rock mass strength, reducing the reliability of seismic landslide susceptibility assessment. Here we present an analysis of a well-documented seismic landslide inventory and the lithological environment, and develop an empirical model to quantify the rock mass strength heterogeneity. The rock mass strength heterogeneity was subsequently taken as an input of the permanent-displacement analysis to assessing regional seismic landslide susceptibility. Results on two case studies show that considering the rock mass strength heterogeneity would significantly improve seismic landslide susceptibility assessment. The findings of this study are valuable for earthquake emergency rescue and post-earthquake land plans.
C1 [Chen, Shuai; Wu, Lixin; Miao, Zelang] Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Infophys, Changsha, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Shuai; Wu, Lixin; Miao, Zelang] Cent South Univ, Lab GeoHazards Percept Cognit & Predicat, Changsha, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University; Central South University
RP Miao, ZL (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Infophys, Changsha, Peoples R China.; Miao, ZL (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Lab GeoHazards Percept Cognit & Predicat, Changsha, Peoples R China.
EM zelang.miao@csu.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD DEC 31
PY 2023
VL 14
IS 1
BP 1
EP 27
DI 10.1080/19475705.2022.2152392
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000895411500001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, Z
   Lan, HX
   Li, LP
   Strom, A
AF Zhao, Zheng
   Lan, Hengxing
   Li, Langping
   Strom, Alexander
TI Landslide spatial prediction using cluster analysis
SO GONDWANA RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Landslide; Spatial prediction; Susceptibility; Temporal clustering
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PATH DEPENDENCY; SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT;
   NEURAL-NETWORKS; AREA; ENSEMBLES; SELECTION; CLIMATE; EVENTS; FOREST
AB Temporal clustering is an intrinsic nature of landslide occurrences, therefore it should be considered in data-driven landslide spatial prediction (i.e., susceptibility assessment). However, it remains problematic regarding how to determine landslide temporal clusters and how to integrate susceptibility maps derived from different landslide temporal clusters. In this paper, a general framework of landslide spatial prediction model considering the temporal clustering of landslides is proposed. This novel framework first assesses landslide susceptibility separately based on each landslide temporal cluster identified by spatiotemporal clustering analysis and then integrates separate assessments by weighted averaging. In a case study, this general framework is implemented using the stacking network landslide susceptibility assessment method and used in the landslide spatial prediction of the Sanming City and Wenchuan seismic areas. The results show that the proposed framework outperformed traditional susceptibility models that do not consider landslide temporal clustering, and the integration of susceptibility models based on all landslide temporal clusters will promote the performance of landslide spatial prediction because levels of knowledge in long-term spatiotemporal landslide activities are considered. This novel general framework highlights the benefit of considering landslide temporal clustering in landslide spatial prediction and can provide better support for landslide risk management. (c) 2024 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhao, Zheng; Lan, Hengxing; Li, Langping] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Lan, Hengxing] Changan Univ, Sch Geol Engn & Geomatics, Xian 710064, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Zheng; Li, Langping] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 10049, Peoples R China.
   [Lan, Hengxing] Changan Univ, Key Lab Ecol Geol & Disaster Prevent, Minist Nat Resources, Xian 710064, Peoples R China.
   [Strom, Alexander] JSC Hydroproject Inst, Moscow 125993, Russia.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; Chang'an University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Ministry of
   Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; Chang'an University
RP Lan, HX (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.; Lan, HX (corresponding author), Changan Univ, Sch Geol Engn & Geomatics, Xian 710064, Peoples R China.; Lan, HX (corresponding author), Changan Univ, Key Lab Ecol Geol & Disaster Prevent, Minist Nat Resources, Xian 710064, Peoples R China.
EM lanhx@igsnrr.ac.cn
TC 10
Z9 10
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1342-937X
EI 1878-0571
PD JUN
PY 2024
VL 130
BP 291
EP 307
DI 10.1016/j.gr.2024.02.006
EA MAR 2024
SC Geology
UT WOS:001202338900001
ER

PT J
AU Kincey, ME
   Rosser, NJ
   Densmore, AL
   Robinson, TR
   Shrestha, R
   Pujara, DS
   Horton, P
   Swirad, ZM
   Oven, KJ
   Arrell, K
AF Kincey, Mark E.
   Rosser, Nick J.
   Densmore, Alexander L.
   Robinson, Tom R.
   Shrestha, Ram
   Pujara, Dammar Singh
   Horton, Pascal
   Swirad, Zuzanna M.
   Oven, Katie J.
   Arrell, Katherine
TI Modelling post-earthquake cascading hazards: Changing patterns of
   landslide runout following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
DT Article
DE cascading hazards; coseismic landslides; post-seismic runout;
   remobilization; susceptibility
ID DEBRIS-FLOW SUSCEPTIBILITY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; REGIONAL-SCALE; SOUTH
   ISLAND; INSIGHTS; AREAS; SLOPE; INVENTORIES; INITIATION; INTENSITY
AB Coseismic landslides represent the first stage of a broader cascading sequence of geohazards associated with high-magnitude continental earthquakes, with the subsequent remobilization of coseismic landslide debris posing a long-term post-seismic legacy in mountain regions. Here, we quantify the controls on the hazard posed by landslide remobilization and debris runout, and compare the overlap between areas at risk of runout and the pattern of post-seismic landslides and debris flows that actually occurred. Focusing on the 2015 M-w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, we show that the extent of the area that could be affected by debris runout remained elevated above coseismic levels 4.5 years after the event. While 150 km(2) (0.6% of the study area) was directly impacted by landslides in the earthquake, an additional 614 km(2) (2.5%) was left at risk from debris runout, increasing to 777 km(2) (3.2%) after the 2019 monsoon. We evaluate how this area evolved by comparing modelled predictions of runout from coseismic landslides to multi-temporal post-seismic landslide inventories, and find that 14% (85 km(2)) of the total modelled potential runout area experienced landslide activity within 4.5 years after the earthquake. This value increases to 32% when modelled runout probability is thresholded, equivalent to 10 km(2) of realized runout from a remaining modelled area of 32 km(2). Although the proportion of the modelled runout area from coseismic landslides that remains a hazard has decreased through time, the overall runout susceptibility for the study area remains high. This indicates that runout potential is changing both spatially and temporally as a result of changes to the landslide distribution after the earthquake. These findings are particularly important for understanding evolving patterns of cascading hazards following large earthquakes, which is crucial for guiding decision-making associated with post-seismic recovery and reconstruction.
C1 [Kincey, Mark E.; Rosser, Nick J.; Densmore, Alexander L.; Swirad, Zuzanna M.; Arrell, Katherine] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
   [Kincey, Mark E.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Geog Polit & Sociol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
   [Robinson, Tom R.] Univ Canterbury, Sch Earth & Environm, Christchurch, New Zealand.
   [Shrestha, Ram; Pujara, Dammar Singh] Natl Soc Earthquake Technol Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Horton, Pascal] Terranum Sarl, Bussigny, Switzerland.
   [Horton, Pascal] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, Bern, Switzerland.
   [Horton, Pascal] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland.
   [Swirad, Zuzanna M.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, Warsaw, Poland.
   [Oven, Katie J.] Northumbria Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
C3 Durham University; Newcastle University - UK; University of Canterbury;
   University of Bern; University of Bern; Polish Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences; Northumbria
   University
RP Kincey, ME (corresponding author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Geog Polit & Sociol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
EM mark.kincey@newcastle.ac.uk
TC 12
Z9 12
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0197-9337
EI 1096-9837
PD MAR 15
PY 2023
VL 48
IS 3
BP 537
EP 554
DI 10.1002/esp.5501
EA NOV 2022
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000883184100001
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, L
   Pei, XJ
   Cui, SH
   Wang, SY
   Zhang, XC
   Liang, YF
AF Zhu Ling
   Pei Xiangjun
   Cui Shenghua
   Wang Shanyong
   Zhang Xiaochao
   Liang Yufei
TI On the initiation mechanism of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the
   2008 Wenchuan (Ms 7.9) earthquake
SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Daguangbao landslide; Mylonite zone; Pore water pressure; Initiation
   mechanism
ID STATIC LIQUEFACTION; SHEAR TESTS; SANDS
AB The Daguangbao landslide, with a volume of 1.16 x 10(9) m(3) and an area of 7.2 km(2), is the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. To examine the initiation mechanism of this landslide, a detailed field investigation and a series of saturated triaxial tests were carried out. The field investigation revealed that the Daguangbao landslide initiated along a mylonite zone, the soil of which was mainly sand. Abundant groundwater was observed in the tunnel and the mylonite zone soils had high water contents. In addition, the experimental results showed that the soils from the mylonite zone have a high liquefaction potential. The pore water pressures in the soils under cyclic triaxial tests increased rapidly, which could have caused the soils failure. Therefore, the mechanism by which pore water pressure within the mylonite zone accumulates under seismic loading, which promotes a continuous decrease in the shear strength of soils, ultimately led to the rapid initiation of the Daguangbao landslide.
C1 [Zhu Ling; Pei Xiangjun; Cui Shenghua; Zhang Xiaochao; Liang Yufei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Shanyong] Univ Newcastle, Fac Engn & Built Environm, ARC Ctr Excellence Geotech Sci & Engn, Callaghan, NSW 2238, Australia.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Newcastle
RP Pei, XJ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM Peixj0119@tom.com
TC 25
Z9 26
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0267-7261
EI 1879-341X
PD OCT
PY 2020
VL 137
AR 106272
DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106272
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000571415000001
ER

PT J
AU Gao, G
   Meguid, MA
   Chouinard, LE
   Zhan, WW
AF Gao, Ge
   Meguid, Mohamed A.
   Chouinard, Luc E.
   Zhan, Weiwei
TI Dynamic disintegration processes accompanying transport of an
   earthquake-induced landslide
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslide; Discrete element method; Absorbing
   boundary condition; Dilatancy; Fragmentation
ID DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCK
   AVALANCHE; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; SLOPE DEFORMATION; SEISMIC RESPONSE;
   FRAGMENTATION; MODEL; INSIGHTS; MOBILITY
AB Aiming to understand the dynamic disintegration and transport behavior of an earthquake-induced landslide, a dynamic discrete element method has been employed to analyze the Wangjiayan landslide triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. Absorbing boundary condition is used for the seismic wave transmission and reflection at the slope base. The numerical results show that under seismic loading, internal rock damage initiates, propagates, and coalesces progressively along the weak solid structure and subsequently leads to fragmentation and pulverization of the slope mass. This can be quantitatively interpreted with the continuously rapid increase of the damage ratio and sudden decline of growth ratio of the number of fragments after the peak seismic shaking. During emplacement evolution, fragmented deformation patterns within the translating joint-defined granular assemblies are affected by the locally high dilatancy with a simultaneous occurrence of highly energetic collisions related to the action of shearing, and this can be quantified by the enhancement of particle kinematic activities (high vibrational and rotational granular temperatures) and intense fluctuations of location-dependent global dispersive stress. In this process, slope destabilized and transports downward in a rapid pulsing motion as friction bonds are locally and continually overcome by the seismic- and gravity-induced shear forces. The joint-determined fragment network before movement initiation and the final fragmented depositions after the rapidly sheared transport have been systematically investigated by fragment statistics (fragment size distribution, fragment mass distribution, and fractal dimension) and morphometric characters (fragment shape isotropy) to offer new insights into the disintegration characteristics of the earthquake-induced catastrophic mass movements.
C1 [Gao, Ge; Meguid, Mohamed A.; Chouinard, Luc E.] McGill Univ, Civil Engn & Appl Mech, 817 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada.
   [Zhan, Weiwei] Clemson Univ, Glenn Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
C3 McGill University; Clemson University
RP Meguid, MA (corresponding author), McGill Univ, Civil Engn & Appl Mech, 817 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 0C3, Canada.
EM ge.gao2@mail.mcgill.ca; mohamed.meguid@mcgill.ca;
   luc.chouinard@mcgill.ca; wzhan@clemson.edu
TC 65
Z9 71
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAR
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 3
BP 909
EP 933
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01508-1
EA AUG 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000564955400001
ER

PT J
AU Peng, JJ
   Matsushi, Y
   Matsuzaki, H
AF Peng, Jiajun
   Matsushi, Yuki
   Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki
TI Role of coseismic bedrock landslides in the landscape evolution of
   high-relief mountainous terrain: Insights from detrital 10Be
   dilution modeling
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Coseismic landslides; Nuclide dilution; Detrital Be-10; Episodic
   sediment yield; Landslide inventory; Long-term net denudation
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NUCLIDE PRODUCTION-RATES; LONGRIBA FAULT
   SYSTEM; EASTERN MARGIN; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; EROSION RATES; LONGMEN
   SHAN; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; DENUDATION RATES; SURFACE UPLIFT
AB Episodic landslides supply vast quantities of debris from hillslopes to channels, resulting in the dilution of cosmogenic nuclides in fluvial sediment. This study revisited the nuclide dilution concept and proposed a novel model framework to quantify landslide-derived sediment yields to interpret the responses of entire landscape systems to tectonic forcing in an active orogen. The model was applied to datasets of detrital Be-10 concentrations obtained from the Minjiang catchment in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where the impacts of coseismic landslides were documented during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Presumable model parameters were evaluated through multifaceted geospatial analyses by adopting the normalized channel steepness index as a proxy for background denudation rate, which was then converted to the corresponding nuclide concentration; the fluvial channel geometry was adopted for evaluating pre-event fluvial sediment storage. The scaling factors for quantifying the landslide debris influx were obtained via inversion of the diluted Be-10 concentrations and corresponding landslide inventory to verify the feasibility of the model. The calibrated model was then applied at the regional scale to evaluate the long-term net denudation of the hillslopes with a certain earthquake recurrence interval. The resulting spatial distribution of increased denudation is consistent with very-long-term exhumation rates derived from low-temperature thermochronology, implying the critical role of coseismic landslides in mass removal from hillslopes to counterbalance long-term tectonic uplift.
C1 [Peng, Jiajun] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kitashirakawa Oiwake Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
   [Matsushi, Yuki] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
   [Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki] Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Micro Anal Lab, Tandem Accelerator, 2 11 16 Yayoi,Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan.
C3 Kyoto University; Kyoto University; University of Tokyo
RP Peng, JJ (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kitashirakawa Oiwake Cho, Kyoto, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
EM peng.jiajun.80t@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD DEC 1
PY 2024
VL 466
AR 109432
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109432
EA OCT 2024
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001330237300001
ER

PT J
AU Ma, SY
   Shao, XY
   Xu, C
AF Ma, Siyuan
   Shao, Xiaoyi
   Xu, Chong
TI Characterizing the Distribution Pattern and a Physically Based
   Susceptibility Assessment of Shallow Landslides Triggered by the 2019
   Heavy Rainfall Event in Longchuan County, Guangdong Province, China
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE heavy rainfall; shallow landslides; TRIGRS model; spatial distribution;
   susceptibility assessment; Longchuan County; Guangdong Province
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STABILITY ANALYSIS; DEBRIS FLOW; PREDICTION;
   HAZARD; TRIGRS; SLOPE; MODEL; VALIDATION; INSIGHTS
AB Rainfall-induced landslides pose a significant threat to the lives and property of residents in the southeast mountainous and hilly area; hence, characterizing the distribution pattern and effective susceptibility mapping for rainfall-induced landslides are regarded as important and necessary measures to remediate the damage and loss resulting from landslides. From 10 June 2019 to 13 June 2019, continuous heavy rainfall occurred in Longchuan County, Guangdong Province; this event triggered extensive landslide disasters in the villages of Longchuan County. Based on high-resolution satellite images, a landslide inventory of the affected area was compiled, comprising a total of 667 rainfall-induced landslides over an area of 108 km(2). These landslides consisted of a large number of shallow landslides with a few flowslides, rockfalls, and debris flows, and the majority of them occurred in Mibei and Yanhua villages. The inventory was used to analyze the distribution pattern of the landslides and their relationship with topographical, geological, and hydrological factors. The results showed that landslide abundance was closely related to slope angle, TWI, and road density. The landslide area density (LAD) increased with the increase in the above three influencing factors and was described by an exponential or linear relationship. In addition, southeast and south aspect hillslopes were more prone to collapse than the northwest -north aspect ones because of the influence of the summer southeast monsoon. A new open-source tool named MAT.TRIGRS(V1.0) was adopted to establish the landslide susceptibility map in landslide abundance areas and to back-analyze the response of the rainfall process to the change in landslide stability. The prediction results were roughly consistent with the actual landslide distribution, and most areas with high susceptibility were located on both sides of the river valley; that is, the areas with relatively steep slopes. The slope stability changes in different periods revealed that the onset of heavy rain on 10 June 2019 was the main triggering factor of these group-occurring landslides, and the subsequent rainfall with low intensity had little impact on slope stability.
C1 [Ma, Siyuan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Siyuan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Compound & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Compound & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM chongxu@ninhm.ac.cn
TC 38
Z9 44
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD SEP
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 17
AR 4257
DI 10.3390/rs14174257
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000851752900001
ER

PT J
AU Lu, JY
   Li, WL
   Zhan, WW
   Tie, YB
AF Lu, Jiayan
   Li, Weile
   Zhan, Weiwei
   Tie, Yongbo
TI Distribution and Mobility of Coseismic Landslides Triggered by the 2018
   Hokkaido Earthquake in Japan
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE Hokkaido earthquake; coseismic landslide; spatial distribution;
   liquefaction; superposition effect; mobility
ID EASTERN IBURI EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   NORTHRIDGE; PREDICTION; KUMAMOTO; HAZARDS; SICHUAN
AB At 3:08 on 6 September 2018 (UTC +9), massive landslides were triggered by an earthquake of Mw 6.6 that occurred in Hokkaido, Japan. In this paper, a coseismic landslide inventory that covers 388 km2 of the earthquake-impacted area and includes 5828 coseismic landslides with a total landslide area of 23.66 km(2) was compiled by using visual interpretations of various high-resolution satellite images. To analyze the spatial distribution and characteristics of coseismic landslides, five factors were considered: the peak ground acceleration (PGA), elevation, slope gradient, slope aspect, and lithology. Results show more than 87% of the landslides occurred at 100 to 200 m elevations. Slopes in the range of 10 similar to 20 degrees are the most susceptible to failure. The landslide density of the places with peak ground acceleration (PGA) greater than 0.16 g is obviously larger than those with PGA less than 0.02 g. Compared with the number and scale of coseismic landslides caused by other strong earthquakes and the mobility of the coseismic landslides caused by the Haiyan andWenchuan earthquakes, it was found that the distribution of coseismic landslides was extremely dense and that the mobility of the Hokkaido earthquake was greater than that of the Wenchuan earthquake and weaker than that of the Haiyuan earthquake, and is described by the following relationship: L = 18.454 * H-0.612. Comparative analysis of coseismic landslides with similar magnitude has important guiding significance for disaster prevention and reduction and reconstruction planning of landslides in affected areas.
C1 [Lu, Jiayan] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Jiayan] China Univ Geosci, Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Jiayan; Li, Weile; Zhan, Weiwei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Jiayan; Tie, Yongbo] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Ctr Geol Survey, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Zhan, Weiwei] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; China
   University of Geosciences; China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological
   Survey; Tufts University
RP Li, WL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM liweile08@mail.cdut.edu.cn
TC 6
Z9 8
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD AUG
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 16
AR 3957
DI 10.3390/rs14163957
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000845519400001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, D
   Hu, XY
   Shan, CL
   Li, RH
AF Xu Dong
   Hu Xiang-Yun
   Shan Chun-Ling
   Li Rui-Heng
TI Landslide monitoring in southwestern China via time-lapse electrical
   resistivity tomography
SO APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
DT Article
DE time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography; landslide;
   hydrogeophysics; monitoring; preferential flow
ID DATA INCORPORATING TOPOGRAPHY; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DC RESISTIVITY;
   GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY; MOISTURE DYNAMICS; ACTIVE LANDSLIDE; INVERSION; ERT;
   SITE; HYDROGEOPHYSICS
AB The dynamic monitoring of landslides in engineering geology has focused on the correlation among landslide stability, rainwater infiltration, and subsurface hydrogeology. However, the understanding of this complicated correlation is still poor and inadequate. Thus, in this study, we investigated a typical landslide in southwestern China via time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (TLERT) in November 2013 and August 2014. We studied landslide mechanisms based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of surface water infiltration and flow within the landslide body. Combined with borehole data, inverted resistivity models accurately defined the interface between Quaternary sediments and bedrock. Preferential flow pathways attributed to fracture zones and fissures were also delineated. In addition, we found that surface water permeates through these pathways into the slipping mass and drains away as fissure water in the fractured bedrock, probably causing the weakly weathered layer to gradually soften and erode, eventually leading to a landslide. Clearly, TLERT dynamic monitoring can provide precursory information of critical sliding and can be used in landslide stability analysis and prediction.
C1 [Xu Dong; Hu Xiang-Yun; Shan Chun-Ling; Li Rui-Heng] China Univ Geosci, Inst Geophys & Geomat, Hubei Subsurface Multiscale Imaging Lab, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences
RP Hu, XY (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Inst Geophys & Geomat, Hubei Subsurface Multiscale Imaging Lab, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
EM xyhu@163.com
TC 45
Z9 56
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1672-7975
EI 1993-0658
PD MAR
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 1
BP 1
EP 12
DI 10.1007/s11770-016-0543-3
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000374099000001
ER

PT J
AU Geng, C
   Xu, C
   Li, L
   Gao, HR
AF Geng, Chong
   Xu, Chong
   Li, Lei
   Gao, Huiran
TI Landslide Inventory Mapping in the Upper Minjiang River, Eastern Tibetan
   Plateau, Using Multi-Source Satellite Remote Sensing
SO TRANSACTIONS IN GIS
DT Article
DE eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau; Google Earth; landslide
   inventory; upper Minjiang River; visual interpretation
ID VISUAL INTERPRETATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHINA;
   DATABASE; SICHUAN
AB Located on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, the upper Minjiang River region is highly prone to landslides due to unstable geology and frequent seismic activity. While landslide susceptibility has been studied, limited attention has been given to the spatial-temporal patterns of ancient or relic landslides. This study focuses on the Mao County-Diexi Town section, using Google Earth images and human-computer interaction methods to identify and analyze relic landslides. A total of 494 landslides were mapped, covering approximately 141 km2. The highest landslide number density (5 km radius) is 0.867/km2, with a maximum area density of 45.8%. Average height and length are 414.35 and 697.77 m, respectively. This comprehensive inventory improves upon previous datasets and provides crucial baseline data for understanding regional landslide development, supporting geohazard prevention and risk assessment efforts.
C1 [Geng, Chong; Xu, Chong; Gao, Huiran] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Geng, Chong; Xu, Chong; Gao, Huiran] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Lei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, State Key Lab Lithospher & Environm Coevolut, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM chongxu@ninhm.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1361-1682
EI 1467-9671
PD NOV 30
PY 2025
VL 29
IS 8
SI SI
AR e70165
DI 10.1111/tgis.70165
SC Geography
UT WOS:001627679500001
ER

PT J
AU Li, YJ
   Wang, MY
   Ma, FK
   Zhang, J
   Li, GW
   Meng, XM
   Chen, G
   Yue, DX
   Guo, FY
   Zhao, Y
AF Li, Yajun
   Wang, Mengyu
   Ma, Fukang
   Zhang, Jun
   Li, Guowei
   Meng, Xingmin
   Chen, Guan
   Yue, Dongxia
   Guo, Fuyun
   Zhao, Yan
TI Constructing Rainfall Threshold for Debris Flows of a Defined Hazardous
   Magnitude
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslides; debris flows; rainfall threshold; MassFlow; TRIGRS
ID INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLD; BAILONG RIVER-BASIN; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GEOHAZARDS; MITIGATION; INITIATION; REGION; TRIGRS;
   AREA
AB Debris flow can cause damage only when its discharge exceeds the drainage capacity of the prevention engineering. At present, most rainfall thresholds for debris flows mainly focus on the initiation of debris flow and do not adequately consider the magnitude and drainage measures of debris flows. These thresholds are likely to initiate numerous warnings that may not be related to hazardous processes. This study proposes a method for calculating the rainfall threshold that is related to a defined level of debris flow magnitude, over which certain damage may be caused. This method is constructed by using the transient rainfall infiltration analysis slope stability model (TRIGRS) and the fluid dynamics process simulation model (MassFlow). We first use the TRIGRS model to analyze slope stability in the study area and obtain the distribution of unstable slopes under different rainfall conditions. Afterward, the MassFlow model is employed to simulate the movement process of unstable slope units and to predict the depositional processes at the mouth of the catchment. Lastly a rainfall threshold is constructed by statistically analyzing the rainfall conditions that cause debris flows flushing out of the given drainage ditch. This method is useful to predict debris flow events of a hazardous magnitude, especially for areas with limited historical observational data.
C1 [Li, Yajun; Wang, Mengyu; Ma, Fukang; Zhang, Jun; Li, Guowei; Meng, Xingmin; Chen, Guan; Zhao, Yan] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yajun; Wang, Mengyu; Ma, Fukang; Zhang, Jun; Li, Guowei; Meng, Xingmin; Chen, Guan; Zhao, Yan] Gansu Tech Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazard P, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yajun; Wang, Mengyu; Ma, Fukang; Zhang, Jun; Li, Guowei; Meng, Xingmin; Chen, Guan; Zhao, Yan] Int Sci & Technol Cooperat Base Geohazards Monitor, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Yue, Dongxia] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, MOE Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Fuyun] Geol Environm Monitoring Inst Gansu Prov, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University
RP Li, YJ (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.; Li, YJ (corresponding author), Gansu Tech Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazard P, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.; Li, YJ (corresponding author), Int Sci & Technol Cooperat Base Geohazards Monitor, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM yajunli@lzu.edu.cn; 220220903721@lzu.edu.cn; mafk2023@lzu.edu.cn;
   zhangjun2023@lzu.edu.cn; 220220903551@lzu.edu.cn; xmmeng@lzu.edu.cn;
   gchen@lzu.edu.cn; dxyue@lzu.edu.cn; fyg51913@163.com;
   zhaoyandz@lzu.edu.cn
TC 4
Z9 4
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD APR
PY 2024
VL 16
IS 7
AR 1265
DI 10.3390/rs16071265
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001201118400001
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZJ
   Qiao, JP
   Uchimura, T
   Wang, L
   Lei, XQ
   Huang, D
AF Yang, Zongji
   Qiao, Jianping
   Uchimura, Taro
   Wang, Lin
   Lei, Xiaoqin
   Huang, Dong
TI Unsaturated hydro-mechanical behaviour of rainfall-induced mass
   remobilization in post-earthquake landslides
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Hydro-mechanical behaviour; Mass remobilization; Rainfall-induced
   landslide; Unsaturated slope
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STABILITY; SLOPE; FLOW; INFILTRATION; DEPOSITS;
   AREAS; MODEL
AB Clarifying the hydro-mechanical characteristics of the mechanism associated with mass remobilization is a major step towards landslide early warning, but this clarification is usually hampered by a lack of in situ evidence. In this study, shallow rainfall-triggered slope failures under partially saturated conditions were documented by combining instrumental evidence from field experiments on a natural co-seismic landslide and hydro-mechanical slope stability analysis in an earthquake-affected region. The results revealed the transient processes and unsaturated conditions associated with mass movement in response to rainfall, and preferential flow paths were found to dominate the hydrological processes during rainfall infiltration in the landslide deposit. The results also demonstrated the importance of certain hydrological parameters, including soil matric suction and moisture content, in landslide early warning. This study reveals a partially saturated hydro-mechanical behaviour to predict the initiation of rainfall-induced landslides during post-earthquake disaster relief.
C1 [Yang, Zongji; Qiao, Jianping; Lei, Xiaoqin; Huang, Dong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Uchimura, Taro] Saitama Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Saitama 3388570, Japan.
   [Wang, Lin] Chuo Kaihatsu Corp, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698612, Japan.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Saitama University
RP Yang, ZJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, 9,Block 4,South Renmin Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yzj@imde.ac.cn
TC 49
Z9 58
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAY 18
PY 2017
VL 222
BP 102
EP 110
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.04.001
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000402343900010
ER

PT J
AU Xiong, MQ
   Meng, XM
   Wang, SY
   Guo, P
   Li, YJ
   Chen, G
   Qing, F
   Cui, ZJ
   Zhao, Y
AF Xiong, Muqi
   Meng, Xingmin
   Wang, Siyuan
   Guo, Peng
   Li, Yajun
   Chen, Guan
   Qing, Feng
   Cui, Zhijie
   Zhao, Yan
TI Effectiveness of debris flow mitigation strategies in mountainous
   regions
SO PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY-EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Debris flow; check dam; mitigation strategies; Zhouqu; Kanako
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; SICHUAN PROVINCE; EVENT;
   DISCHARGE; DISASTER; VALLEY; FAN
AB Debris flows represent major hazards in most mountainous regions of the world where they repeatedly result in disasters. In order to protect people and infrastructure against future debris flows, many debris flow catchments have been artificially intervened by employing various mitigation measures, including civil engineering works. However, the commonly adapted engineering measures, such as check dams, are not effective for every debris flow catchment, and the failure of such measures even causes more damage, e.g. the Sanyanyu debris flow catchment in Zhouqu, China, killed 1756 people. In order to research the effectiveness of engineering strategies and explore much more effective mitigation works for debris flows in the mountainous regions, we took the Bailong River catchment of Southern Gansu of China as study area, with special emphasis on Sanyanyu debris flow catchment (with civil engineering works) and Goulinping debris flow catchment (without civil engineering works), and comparatively analysed the two catchments. The comparative results show that both catchments have similar material source, geomorphological/environmental and climatic conditions, however, vegetation cover and rock hardness are poorer in Goulinping than in Sanyanyu, the catchment that underwent larger-scale debris flows, suggesting that the mitigation measures had been applied in Sanyanyu catchment were inappropriate. Subsequently, we simulated the effectiveness of controlling debris flow peak discharge with check dams at the lower part of Sanyanyu and Goulinping catchment using the Kanako simulator, and summarised argument based on the hypothesis and facts from positive and negative aspects. We draw the conclusion that it is not reasonable to build check dams in the two catchments and instead, drainage channels should be primarily considered for reducing debris flow hazards in such densely populated areas. Finally, we undertook detailed field investigations and experiments on the native plants in the region, and found that the ecological mitigation measure with planting Robinia Pseudoacacia on the debris flow deposits is an effective method to alleviate debris flow hazards. It is concluded that channel works combined with ecological measures are the preferable approaches to minimize the debris flow damage in debris flow catchments characterised with high mountains, concentrated rainfalls and active neotectonic movement.
C1 [Xiong, Muqi; Meng, Xingmin; Wang, Siyuan; Guo, Peng; Chen, Guan; Qing, Feng; Cui, Zhijie; Zhao, Yan] Lanzhou Univ, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yajun] Royal Holloway Univ London, London, England.
C3 Lanzhou University; University of London; Royal Holloway University
   London
RP Meng, XM (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Minist Educ, Coll Earth Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.; Meng, XM (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Gansu Environm Geol & Geohazards Engn Res Ctr, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM xmmeng@lzu.edu.cn
TC 51
Z9 53
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0309-1333
EI 1477-0296
PD DEC
PY 2016
VL 40
IS 6
BP 768
EP 793
DI 10.1177/0309133316655304
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000389626900002
ER

PT J
AU Du, Y
   Liu, H
   Li, H
   Xie, MW
   Chicas, SD
   Wu, JD
   Lv, FX
   Wu, YX
AF Du, Yan
   Liu, Hui
   Li, Heng
   Xie, Mowen
   Chicas, Santos D.
   Wu, Jidong
   Lv, Fuxia
   Wu, Yaxin
TI Exploring the initiating mechanism, monitoring equipment and warning
   indicators of gully-type debris flow for disaster reduction: a review
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Review
DE Gully-type debris flow; Initiating mechanism; Monitoring equipment;
   Early warning; Warning indicator
ID NEVADO-DEL-RUIZ; INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLDS; VOLCANO-GLACIER
   INTERACTIONS; GROUND VIBRATION SIGNAL; RECENTLY BURNED AREAS; 13
   NOVEMBER 1985; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL CONDITIONS; SHALLOW
   LANDSLIDES; IMPACT PRESSURE
AB Debris flow is a type of natural disaster characterized by sudden outbreaks, rapid movement, short duration, and extreme destructive power, posing a serious threat to human lives and property. Among debris flow events, gully-type debris flows constitute a significant proportion. Therefore, comprehending the mechanisms that trigger gully-type debris flows is of great practical importance. Based on the unique characteristics of these debris flows in various regions, choosing suitable monitoring equipment and setting up a dependable early warning system for gully-type debris flows is essential. This study overviews the initiating mechanisms, monitoring equipment, and warning indicators of gully-type debris flows. The primary source of gully-type debris flow formation is loose material sources formed by landslides and rockfalls in the middle reaches of the valley. These rich loose material sources serve as the basis for initiating debris flows, where water acts as the triggering factor. The determination of key indicators and identification criteria forms the basis for debris flow early warning. Early warning during the initiation stage of gully-type debris flows is the most time-sensitive, and the prompt recognition of debris flow initiation is the ultimate goal of early warning. Monitoring vibration characteristics offers advantages in predicting gully-type debris flows, enabling the selection of natural frequency and related parameters as key warning indicators. In the future, establishing a multi-source data monitoring and early warning system for the source area of gully-type debris flows is one of the effective ways to reduce the chain disaster of debris flow and ensure the safety of people in mountainous areas.
C1 [Du, Yan; Liu, Hui; Li, Heng; Xie, Mowen; Lv, Fuxia] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Beijing Key Lab Urban Underground Space Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Chicas, Santos D.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Agroenvironm Sci, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
   [Wu, Jidong] Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Yaxin] China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, Sch Mech & Civil Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Science & Technology Beijing; Kyushu University; Beijing
   Normal University; China University of Mining & Technology
RP Li, H (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Beijing Key Lab Urban Underground Space Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM liheng_0_1@163.com
TC 7
Z9 10
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD DEC
PY 2024
VL 120
IS 15
BP 13667
EP 13692
DI 10.1007/s11069-024-06742-7
EA JUL 2024
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001272241200013
ER

PT J
AU Qu, YP
AF Qu, Yongping
TI Study on transformation rate of sources to debris flows in meizoseismal
   area
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd Conference of the Asian-Association-for-Quaternary-Research (ASQUA)
   on Quaternary Environments and Ancient Civilizations in East Asia
CY SEP 04-08, 2017
CL SOUTH KOREA
DE Debris flows; Runout volume; Sources reserve volume; Transformation
   rate; Meizoseismal area
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; HAZARD
   ASSESSMENT; IMPACTS
AB Since "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake, a series of debris flows disasters was triggered under precipitation condition, such as "9.26", "8.14, "7.03" and "7.10" debris flows. In order to study the relationship between the residual sources and debris flows running-outs volume, it was particularly important to study the transformation rate of sources to debris flows, which indicate the eroding degree of sources, and mobilizing into debris flows. According to field reconnaissance of sources and statistical analysis of erosion volume of sources, found out that the transformation rate of sources to debris flows was related to the had occurrences times of debris flows, the drainage area of debris flow gullies, the reserve volume of sources, etc. And the transformation rate of sources has an exponential decay relationship with the occurred times of debris flows. According to error analysis of transformation rate model discovering the error rate ranged from 0 to 0.23%, and according to the verification of transformation rate model, the error value of transformation rate ranged from 0 to 5%.
C1 [Qu, Yongping] SiChuan Coll Architectural Technol, Deyang 618000, Peoples R China.
RP Qu, YP (corresponding author), SiChuan Coll Architectural Technol, Deyang 618000, Peoples R China.
EM qyp1232006@126.com
TC 2
Z9 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
EI 1873-4553
PD FEB 1
PY 2019
VL 503
SI SI
BP 51
EP 58
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2018.10.021
PN A
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000460632300007
ER

PT J
AU Schäbitz, M
   Janssen, C
   Wenk, HR
   Wirth, R
   Schuck, B
   Wetzel, HU
   Meng, X
   Dresen, G
AF Schaebitz, M.
   Janssen, C.
   Wenk, H. -R.
   Wirth, R.
   Schuck, B.
   Wetzel, H. -U.
   Meng, X.
   Dresen, G.
TI Microstructures in landslides in northwest China - Implications for
   creeping displacements?
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; Microstructure; Texture; Pyrophyllite; Graphite; Grain size
   reduction
ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; NATURAL SLIP ZONE; ION-BEAM FIB; CLAY-MINERALS;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ACTIVE FAULTS; PARTICLE-SIZE; DEBRIS FLOW; MOAB
   FAULT; GOUGE
AB Microstructures, mineralogical composition and texture of selected landslide samples from three landslides in the southern part of the Gansu Province (China) were examined with optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements. Common sheet silicates are chlorite, illite, muscovite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite and dickite. Other minerals are quartz, calcite, dolomite and albite. In one sample, graphite and amorphous carbon were detected by TEM-EDX analyses and TEM high-angle annular dark-field images. The occurrence of graphite and pyrophyllite with very low friction coefficients in the gouge material of the Suoertou and Xieliupo landslides is particularly significant for reducing the frictional strength of the landslides. It is proposed that the landslides underwent comparable deformation processes as fault zones. The low friction coefficients provide strong evidence that slow-moving landsliding is controlled by the presence of weak minerals. In addition, TEM observations document that grain size reduction in clayey slip zone material was produced mainly by mechanical abrasion. For calcite and quartz, grain size reduction was attributed to both pressure solution and cataclasis. Therefore, besides landslide composition, the occurrence of ultrafine-grained slip zone material may also contribute to weakening processes of landslides. TEM images of slip-zone samples show both locally aligned clay particles, as well as kinked and folded sheet silicates, which are widely disseminated in the whole matrix. Small, newly formed clay particles have random orientations. Based on synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements, the degree of preferred orientation of constituent sheet silicates in local shear zones of the Suoertou and Duang-He-Ba landslide is strong. This work is the first reported observation of well-oriented clay fabrics in landslides.
C1 [Schaebitz, M.; Janssen, C.; Wirth, R.; Schuck, B.; Wetzel, H. -U.; Dresen, G.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Wenk, H. -R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Meng, X.] Lanzhou Univ, Res Sch Arid Environm & Climate Change, 222 South Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
C3 Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research
   Center for Geosciences; University of California System; University of
   California Berkeley; Lanzhou University
RP Janssen, C (corresponding author), GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
EM jans@gfz-potsdam.de
TC 31
Z9 33
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0191-8141
EI 1873-1201
PD JAN
PY 2018
VL 106
BP 70
EP 85
DI 10.1016/j.jsg.2017.11.009
SC Geology
UT WOS:000424317000005
ER

PT J
AU Gong, YF
   Xing, XS
   Li, YA
   Zhu, C
   Li, YL
   Yan, JH
   Le, HL
   Li, XS
AF Gong, Yifei
   Xing, Xiansen
   Li, Yanan
   Zhu, Chun
   Li, Yanlin
   Yan, Jianhua
   Le, Huilin
   Li, Xiaoshuang
TI Insights into the Movement and Diffusion Accumulation Characteristics of
   a Catastrophic Rock Avalanche Debris-A Case Study
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE rock avalanche; numerical simulation; accumulation body; diffusion
   mechanism; dynamical fragmentation
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; LANDSLIDE; ROCKSLIDE; MECHANISM;
   DEPOSIT; FLOW; JIWEISHAN
AB In this study, the 1991 rock avalanche, in Touzhai, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China, was considered the study object. The investigation of the landslide accumulation body revealed that the Touzhai rock avalanche accumulation body has the characteristics of wide gradation and poor sorting. A combination of field investigations, indoor and outdoor experiments, and numerical simulations were used to invert the occurrence and spreading range of rock avalanche-debris flow hazards. To invert and analyze its dynamics and the crushing process, a three-dimensional discrete element modeling was performed on the real terrain data. Simulation results showed that the movement time of the numerically simulated Touzhai rock avalanche was approximately 200 s. After 50 s of movement, the peak velocity reached 32 m/s, and the velocity gradually decayed after the sliding mass rubbed violently against the valley floor and collided with the mountain. Due to the meandering nature of the gully, the sliding mass makes its way down the gully and constantly collides with the mountain, making particles appear to climb, with some particles being blocked by the valley. After 150 s of movement, the average velocity rate decreased substantially, and the landslide-avalanche debris reached the mouth of the trench. After 200 s of movement, the average sliding velocity tends to 0 m/s, where the avalanche debris tends to stop and accumulate. When the rock avalanche movement reaches the mouth of the gully, the avalanche debris spreads to the sides as it is no longer bounded by the hills on either side of the narrow gully, eventually forming a 'trumpet-shaped' accumulation, and the granular flow simulation matched the findings of the landslide site accumulation.
C1 [Gong, Yifei; Li, Xiaoshuang] Changzhou Univ, Sch Urban Construct, Changzhou 213164, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Yifei; Zhu, Chun] Key Lab Geohazard, Fuzhou 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Yifei; Zhu, Chun] Minist Nat Resources China, Key Lab Geohazard Prevent Hilly Mt, Fuzhou 100037, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Yifei; Li, Yanan; Li, Yanlin] Beijing Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Urban Secur & Disaster Engn, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Yifei] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Land Resource Engn, Kunming 650500, Peoples R China.
   [Xing, Xiansen; Zhu, Chun; Yan, Jianhua; Le, Huilin] Hohai Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Xiaoshuang] Key Lab Rock Mech & Geohazards Zhejiang Prov, Shaoxing 312000, Peoples R China.
C3 Changzhou University; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's
   Republic of China; Beijing University of Technology; Kunming University
   of Science & Technology; Hohai University
RP Li, XS (corresponding author), Changzhou Univ, Sch Urban Construct, Changzhou 213164, Peoples R China.; Li, XS (corresponding author), Key Lab Rock Mech & Geohazards Zhejiang Prov, Shaoxing 312000, Peoples R China.
EM gongyifei@emails.bjut.edu.cn; xingxs@hhu.edu.cn;
   liyanan@emails.bjut.edu.cn; zhu.chun@hhu.edu.cn;
   liyanlin955@emails.bjut.edu.cn; yanjh@hhu.edu.cn; lehuilin@hhu.edu.cn;
   xsli2011@cczu.edu.cn
TC 7
Z9 7
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD NOV
PY 2023
VL 15
IS 21
AR 5154
DI 10.3390/rs15215154
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001100183100001
ER

PT J
AU Shen, W
   Wang, DP
   Qu, HA
   Li, TL
AF Shen, Wei
   Wang, Dongpo
   Qu, Huanan
   Li, Tonglu
TI The effect of check dams on the dynamic and bed entrainment processes of
   debris flows
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Disaster prevention; Debris flow; Numerical simulation; Check dam; Bed
   entrainment
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE AREA; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SPH MODEL; LANDSLIDES;
   INITIATION; MOTION; ROCK; MASS
AB Bed entrainment plays a significant role in the formational process of a debris flow. Thus the influence of bed entrainment may be an important factor which cannot be neglected when assessing the prevention effect of check dams. However, since few studies have investigated the interaction between check dams and debris flows with considering bed entrainment, the interactive effect of check dams on the dynamic and bed entrainment processes of debris flows remains unclear. Therefore, in this paper, an improved depth-averaged model is proposed to overcome this weakness. In the improved model, the impeding effect of a check dam is simplified as a rigid constraint, and a new computational scheme is adopted to improve the simulation efficiency. Using this model, the dynamic and bed entrainment processes of the catastrophic 2010 Hongchun gully debris flow are analyzed, and the effects of check dams on this debris flow are studied. The results show that the present model can properly depict the dynamic and bed entrainment processes of the Hongchun gully debris flow. Without bed entrainment, the flow quantity tends to decrease gradually from the upstream to the downstream, while the flow quantity will show an opposite tendency if bed entrainment is considered. The check dams can largely reduce the bed entrainment scale and flow quantity of this debris flow. Additionally, the prevention effect of check dams tends to be better when they are constructed at the upper part of the gully by constraining bed entrainment.
C1 [Shen, Wei; Wang, Dongpo; Qu, Huanan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Wei] Univ Bologna, Dept Biol Geol & Environm Sci, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
   [Li, Tonglu] Changan Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Bologna; Chang'an
   University
RP Wang, DP (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM shenweichd@qq.com; wangdongpo2014@cdut.edu.cn; 871781461@qq.com;
   dcdgx08@chd.edu.cn
TC 31
Z9 31
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD NOV
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 11
BP 2201
EP 2217
DI 10.1007/s10346-019-01230-7
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000509668600010
ER

PT J
AU Tan, JY
   Yang, C
   Wang, YZ
   Xiong, HX
   Ma, CM
AF Tan, Jiayao
   Yang, Chi
   Wang, Yuzhou
   Xiong, Hanxiang
   Ma, Chuanming
TI A hybrid model to overcome landslide inventory incompleteness issue for
   landslide susceptibility prediction
SO GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL
DT Article
DE Hybrid model; landslide susceptibility; optimization function;
   prevention and control; incomplete landslide inventory
ID GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION-SYSTEM; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; HIERARCHY
   PROCESS AHP; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; GIS; AREA; MAPS; MULTISCALE
AB Landslide inventory incompleteness (LII) may significantly affect the model performance in landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM). However, traditional methods, including heuristic, statistical and deterministic models, cannot address LII issue. In this work, we introduce a novel hybrid LEO-MAHP model, blending landslide frequency, empirical adjustments, optimization functions, and multi-participated analytic hierarchy process to address it by taking Badong County as the study area. This hybrid model mitigates the drawbacks of data-heavy statistical approaches and subjective heuristic models by incorporating LII into weight determination. The findings show that the LEO-MAHP model demonstrates superior performance (AUROC = 0.809 and 0.805) over conventional statistical (AUROC = 0.714 and 0.770) and heuristic models (AUROC = 0.738 and 0.741) across different LII levels. We further discuss alternative LII solutions, proposing an updated landslide management strategy that accounts for climate change and human activities. Our findings underscore the necessity of evaluating LII before applying statistical or machine learning methods in LSM.
C1 [Tan, Jiayao; Yang, Chi; Xiong, Hanxiang; Ma, Chuanming] China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yuzhou] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yuzhou] Eastern Inst Technol, Eastern Inst Adv Study, Ningbo, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Eastern
   Institute of Technology, Ningbo; Eastern Institute for Advanced Study
RP Xiong, HX; Ma, CM (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Sch Environm Studies, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
EM hanxiangxiong@cug.edu.cn; machuanming@cug.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1010-6049
EI 1752-0762
PD JAN 1
PY 2024
VL 39
IS 1
AR 2322066
DI 10.1080/10106049.2024.2322066
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001180017900001
ER

PT J
AU Lu, XB
   Cui, P
   Chen, XQ
   Hu, KH
   Zhu, YY
AF Lu, X. B.
   Cui, P.
   Chen, X. Q.
   Hu, K. H.
   Zhu, Y. Y.
TI Evolution of shear zones using numerical analysis at the May 12th
   Wenchuan Earthquake Site, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Simple shear; Saturated soils; Shear bands; Instability
ID PLASTIC POROUS SOLIDS; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; SATURATED SOIL; UNDRAINED
   CONDITIONS; PLANE-STRAIN; INSTABILITY; LOCALIZATION; BIFURCATION;
   STABILITY; BAND
AB Landslides and collapses occurred during the May 12th earthquake in Wenchuan County. Most of these landslides and collapses were caused by shear bands. Shear band triggers instability on mountain slopes, resulting in debris flow, landslides, or collapse. According to experimental results, there was only one shear band forming in the soil layer prior to the initiation of debris flow under shear load, although several fine shear bands appeared. The development of shear bands in saturated soils is numerically investigated in this paper using the in situ soil from the Weijia Gully, Beichuan County. The evolution of shear banding from several finite amplitude disturbances (FADs) in pore pressure has been studied. The numerical analysis revealed that the FADs evolved into a fully developed shear band. It is shown that the shear banding process consists of two stages: inhomogeneous shearing and true shear banding.
C1 [Lu, X. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, P.; Chen, X. Q.; Hu, K. H.; Zhu, Y. Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mechanics, CAS; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Lu, XB (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
EM xblu@imech.ac.cn
TC 3
Z9 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 65
IS 4
SI SI
BP 1029
EP 1036
DI 10.1007/s12665-011-1358-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000299840100009
ER

PT J
AU Peng, XY
   Yu, PC
   Zhang, YB
   Chen, GQ
AF Peng, Xinyan
   Yu, Pengcheng
   Zhang, Yingbin
   Chen, Guangqi
TI Applying modified discontinuous deformation analysis to assess the
   dynamic response of sites containing discontinuities
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE DDA; Landslides; Dynamic response; Discontinuous media; Boundary
   condition
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PARALLEL FRACTURES; ATTENUATION; BOUNDARY; MODEL;
   DDA
AB The accurate consideration of seismic wave propagation through discontinuous media is crucial in rock engineering. Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), with the ability to study discontinuity behaviors, is modified by incorporating a seismic input method based on a viscous boundary and the free-field theory. After confirming the accuracy of the modified DDA using several verification examples, two practical applications, (1) the extreme ground motion during the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi earthquake, Japan, and (2) the Donghekou landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, are simulated and reproduced by the modified DDA. The results show that seismic wave propagation through discontinuous media can be accurately simulated by the modified DDA. Further, the simulation results indicate that discontinuities are critical in the dynamic response of structures. Conclusively, the modified DDA provides an alternative approach for analyzing the dynamic response of sites containing discontinuities.
C1 [Peng, Xinyan; Yu, Pengcheng; Zhang, Yingbin] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Key Lab Transportat Tunnel Engn, Minist Educ, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, Xinyan; Yu, Pengcheng; Zhang, Yingbin; Chen, Guangqi] Kyushu Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Kyushu University
RP Zhang, YB (corresponding author), Ctr 3-3102,744 Motooka, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
EM yingbinz516@126.com
TC 77
Z9 84
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV 28
PY 2018
VL 246
BP 349
EP 360
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.10.011
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000453338300031
ER

PT J
AU Chen, KT
   Wu, JH
AF Chen, Kun-Ting
   Wu, Jian-Hong
TI Simulating the failure process of the Xinmo landslide using
   discontinuous deformation analysis
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Xinmo landslide; Discrete element method; Numerical simulation;
   Discontinuity; Impact area
ID TSAOLING LANDSLIDE; TAIWAN; CHINA; SLOPE; DISPLACEMENT; EARTHQUAKE;
   MECHANISM; MOVEMENT; MAOXIAN; SICHUAN
AB The Xinmo landslide slope in Sichuan, China, was stable during the intensive Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 but failed on June 24, 2017. Landslide debris buried Xinmo Village and blocked the Songpinggou River at the slope toe. This study aims to clarify the post-failure behavior of the landslide using two-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (2D DDA). The simulation results provide comprehensive information on the initiation and the evolution of the landslide. The failure process determined by the DDA correlates well with the seismic signal analysis results. In addition, the location of the calculated rock deposit is similar to that shown by the topographic map after the landslide. The maximum rock velocity in the landslide is 65.4 m/s. Therefore, the impacts of the high-velocity blocks and the buildings in Xinmo Village must be considered to simulate the burial of Xinmo Village by rocks and the transport of additional rocks across the Songpinggou River. This Xinmo landslide study demonstrates that the DDA accurately simulates the post-failure behavior and determines the impact area of a landslide with complicated failure processes and topography.
C1 [Chen, Kun-Ting] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Jian-Hong] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Tainan, Taiwan.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; National Cheng Kung University
RP Wu, JH (corresponding author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Tainan, Taiwan.
EM jhwu@mail.ncku.edu.tw
TC 123
Z9 132
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAY 18
PY 2018
VL 239
BP 269
EP 281
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.04.002
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000432769300024
ER

PT J
AU Gong, JH
   Yue, YJ
   Zhu, J
   Wen, YM
   Li, Y
   Zhou, JP
   Wang, DC
   Yu, CH
AF Gong, Jianhua
   Yue, Yujuan
   Zhu, Jun
   Wen, Yuming
   Li, Yi
   Zhou, Jieping
   Wang, Dongchuan
   Yu, Caihong
TI Impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake on the Chaping River upstream channel
   change
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
ID LANDSLIDE DAMS; CLASSIFICATION
AB The Wenchuan Earthquake, measuring magnitude 8.0 on the Richter scale, occurred on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan, southwest China and caused over 87 000 casualties. Geological disasters such as debris flows and landslides caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake were severe. Several high-risk dammed lakes formed in the Chaping River basin of An'xian County, Sichuan, China, which is located in the earthquake zone, caused great changes in river morphology and brought great danger to the people and properties in the river downstream. Channel change information from different periods was important to risk relief of dammed lakes and assessment of losses. A Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre 5 (SPOT 5) fused image of 10 November 2006 with 2.50 m spatial resolution, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images of 19 May 2008 and 23 December 2008 with 0.32 and 0.33 m spatial resolution, respectively, were applied to derive channel information in the Chaping River upstream from three periods (pre-disaster, during the disaster and post-disaster) using an object-oriented classification method with an edge-based segmentation algorithm and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Geological landslides and dammed lakes from different periods were analysed. Based on the channel information from different periods, channel changes were determined, and impacts of the earthquake on channel area, channel width, river morphology, and so on were discussed.
C1 [Gong, Jianhua; Yue, Yujuan; Li, Yi; Zhou, Jieping; Yu, Caihong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Jun] SW Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Dongchuan] Tianjin Inst Urban Construct, Tianjin 300384, Peoples R China.
   [Wen, Yuming] Univ Guam, Water & Environm Res Inst, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Southwest Jiaotong University; Tianjin
   Chengjian University; University of Guam
RP Yue, YJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM yujuanlamei@126.com
TC 16
Z9 18
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
PY 2012
VL 33
IS 12
BP 3907
EP 3929
DI 10.1080/01431161.2011.636767
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000302164100014
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, J
   Cui, P
   Zhang, BK
   Yang, CW
   McVerry, GH
AF Zhang Jian
   Cui Peng
   Zhang Bingkun
   Yang Changwei
   McVerry, Graeme H.
TI Earthquake-induced landslide displacement attenuation models and
   application in probabilistic seismic landslide displacement analysis
SO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING VIBRATION
DT Article
DE displacement; landslide; intensity measures; deterministic analysis;
   probabilistic analysis
ID DAMS
AB A landslide displacement (D-LL) attenuation model has been developed using spectral intensity and a ratio of critical acceleration coefficient to ground acceleration coefficient. In the development of the model, a New Zealand earthquake record data set with magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 7.2 within a source distance of 175 km is used. The model can be used to carry out deterministic landslide displacement analysis, and readily extended to carry out probabilistic seismic landslide displacement analysis. D-LL attenuation models have also been developed by using earthquake source terms, such as magnitude and source distance, that account for the effects of earthquake fault type, source type, and site conditions. Sensitivity analyses show that the predicted D-LL values from the new models are close to those from the Romeo model that was developed from an Italian earthquake record data set. The proposed models are also applied to an analysis of landslide displacements in the Wenchuan earthquake, and a comparison between the predicted and the observed results shows that the proposed models are reliable, and can be confidently used in mapping landslide potential.
C1 [Zhang Jian; Zhang Bingkun; Yang Changwei] SW Jiaotong Univ, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Cui Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mountainous & Disaster, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [McVerry, Graeme H.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; GNS Science
   - New Zealand
RP Zhang, J (corresponding author), SW Jiaotong Univ, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM JianZhang1102@home.swjtu.edu.cn
TC 6
Z9 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1671-3664
EI 1993-503X
PD JUN
PY 2010
VL 9
IS 2
BP 177
EP 187
DI 10.1007/s11803-010-0004-6
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000280620400004
ER

PT J
AU Li, LP
   Lan, HX
AF Li, Langping
   Lan, Hengxing
TI Integration of Spatial Probability and Size in Slope-Unit-Based
   Landslide Susceptibility Assessment: A Case Study
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
DT Article
DE landslide susceptibility assessment; slope-unit; spatial probability;
   size; integration
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MAPPING UNITS; INVENTORY; AREA; MODELS;
   DELINEATION; CATCHMENT; ZONATION; GIS
AB Landslide spatial probability and size are two essential components of landslide susceptibility. However, in existing slope-unit-based landslide susceptibility assessment methods, landslide size has not been explicitly considered. This paper developed a novel slope-unit based approach for landslide susceptibility assessment that explicitly incorporates landslide size. This novel approach integrates the predicted occurrence probability (spatial probability) of landslides and predicted size (area) of potential landslides for a slope-unit to obtain a landslide susceptibility value for that slope-unit. The results of a case study showed that, from a quantitative point of view, integrating spatial probability and size in slope-unit-based landslide susceptibility assessment can bring remarkable increases of AUC (Area under the ROC curve) values. For slope-unit-based scenarios using the logistic regression method and the neural network method, the average increase of AUC brought by incorporating landslide size is up to 0.0627 and 0.0606, respectively. Slope-unit-based landslide susceptibility models incorporating landslide size had utilized the spatial extent information of historical landslides, which was dropped in models not incorporating landslide size, and therefore can make potential improvements. Nevertheless, additional case studies are still needed to further evaluate the applicability of the proposed approach.
C1 [Li, Langping; Lan, Hengxing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Lan, Hengxing] Changan Univ, Sch Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian 710064, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; Chang'an University
RP Li, LP (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM lilp@lreis.ac.cn; lanhx@lreis.ac.cn
TC 16
Z9 16
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1660-4601
PD NOV
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 21
AR 8055
DI 10.3390/ijerph17218055
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
UT WOS:000588933200001
ER

PT J
AU Yu, B
   Chen, F
AF Yu, Bo
   Chen, Fang
TI A new technique for landslide mapping from a large-scale remote sensed
   image: A case study of Central Nepal
SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide detection; Selective search; Saliency enhancement;
   Morphological operation
ID SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   MACHINE; MODELS; CLASSIFICATION; INVENTORIES; PRODUCE; SEARCH; MAP
AB This paper presents a new technique for landslide mapping from large-scale Landsat8 images. The method introduces saliency enhancement to enhance the landslide regions, making the landslides salient objects in the image. Morphological operations are applied to the enhanced image to remove most background objects. Afterwards, digital elevation model is applied to further remove the ground objects of plain areas according to the height of landscape, since most landslides occur in mountainous areas. Final landslides are extracted by the proposal regions from selective search. The study area covers 2 degrees x2 degrees, making it more similar with practical cases, such as emergency response and landslide inventory mappings. The proposed method performs satisfactorily by detecting 99.1% of the landslides in the image, and obtains an overall accuracy of 99.8% in the landslides/background classification problem, which gets further validated in another Landsat8 image of a different site. The experiment shows that the proposed method is feasible for landslide detection from large-scale area, which may contribute to the further landslide-related research.
C1 [Yu, Bo; Chen, Fang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Fang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Hainan Key Lab Earth Observat, Sanya 572029, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Fang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing
   & Digital Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Chen, F (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
EM chenfang@radi.ac.cn
TC 33
Z9 35
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0098-3004
EI 1873-7803
PD MAR
PY 2017
VL 100
BP 115
EP 124
DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2016.12.007
SC Computer Science; Geology
UT WOS:000394067500012
ER

PT J
AU Yu, B
   Yang, LW
   Chang, M
   van Asch, TWJ
AF Yu, Bin
   Yang, Lingwei
   Chang, Ming
   van Asch, Theo W. J.
TI A new prediction model on debris flows caused by runoff mechanism
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Prediction; Debris flow; Runoff; Channel width; Particle size
AB In areas with strong earthquakes, the triggering rainfall threshold for debris flow initiation decreased dramatically just after the quake, but will increase gradually during the subsequent raining seasons, until the level before the quake. The channel width and particle size in the source area of debris flows in catchments decreased dramatically during a strong earthquake due to the supply of finer material in channels by co-seismic landslides. Debris flows in these areas are initiated by run-off water in channels and the presence of loose materials and narrowed channels leads to a significant decrease of the critical rainfall threshold for debris flow initiation just after the earthquake. The gradually coarsening of the material and widening of the channels during the subsequent raining seasons by debris flows and flashfloods will rise again the triggering threshold. Based on these important principles, a revised prediction model on debris flows is proposed, which incorporates the effect of channel width and the particle size of channel materials. The new prediction model was successfully validated on a group of debris flow events in Dechang, Sichuan Province, China. The new prediction model was also able to successfully simulate the change of the triggering rainfall threshold before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake in the Wenjia Gully, Sichuan Province, China, where five debris flow events happened during three subsequent rainy seasons after the earthquake. It is suggested that the new prediction model on debris flows (can also be applied) is also valid in non-seismic areas where significant loose material is available supplied by large landslides.
C1 [Yu, Bin; Yang, Lingwei; Chang, Ming; van Asch, Theo W. J.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [van Asch, Theo W. J.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Princetonlaan 8a, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Utrecht University
RP Yu, B (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM drbinyu@yahoo.com
TC 7
Z9 7
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD JAN 6
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 1
AR 26
DI 10.1007/s12665-020-09336-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000608030800001
ER

PT J
AU Gorum, T
   Carranza, EJM
AF Gorum, T.
   Carranza, E. J. M.
TI Control of style-of-faulting on spatial pattern of earthquake-triggered
   landslides
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DT Article
DE Distance distribution analysis; Fry analysis; Evidential belief
   functions; Geographic information system; Yingxiu-Beichuan fault; 2008
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SKELLEFTE DISTRICT SWEDEN; ERH-SHAN LANDSLIDE;
   CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; GROUND-MOTION; DENALI FAULT; NEW-ZEALAND;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION; PREFECTURE
   EARTHQUAKE
AB Predictive mapping of susceptibility to earthquake-triggered landslides (ETLs) commonly uses distance to fault as spatial predictor, regardless of style-of-faulting. Here, we examined the hypothesis that the spatial pattern of ETLs is influenced by style-of-faulting based on distance distribution analysis and Fry analysis. The Yingxiu-Beichuan fault (YBF) in China and a huge number of landslides that ruptured and occurred, respectively, during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake permitted this study because the style-of-faulting along the YBF varied from its southern to northern parts (i.e. mainly thrust-slip in the southern part, oblique-slip in the central part and mainly strike-slip in the northern part). On the YBF hanging-wall, ETLs at 4.4-4.7 and 10.3-11.5 km from the YBF are likely associated with strike- and thrust-slips, respectively. On the southern and central parts of the hanging-wall, ETLs at 7.5-8 km from the YBF are likely associated with oblique-slips. These findings indicate that the spatial pattern of ETLs is influenced by style-of-faulting. Based on knowledge about the style-of-faulting and by using evidential belief functions to create a predictor map based on proximity to faults, we obtained higher landslide prediction accuracy than by using unclassified faults. When distance from unclassified parts of the YBF is used as predictor, the prediction accuracy is 80 %; when distance from parts of the YBF, classified according to style-of-faulting, is used as predictor, the prediction accuracy is 93 %. Therefore, mapping and classification of faults and proper spatial representation of fault control on occurrence of ETLs are important in predictive mapping of susceptibility to ETLs.
C1 [Gorum, T.] Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Gorum, T.] Yildiz Tech Univ, TR-34220 Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Carranza, E. J. M.] James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
C3 University of Twente; Yildiz Technical University; James Cook University
RP Carranza, EJM (corresponding author), James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
EM john.carranza@jcu.edu.au
TC 36
Z9 39
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1735-1472
EI 1735-2630
PD OCT
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 10
BP 3189
EP 3212
DI 10.1007/s13762-015-0752-y
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000359929300013
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, N
   Mu, QY
AF Zhang, Ni
   Mu, Qingyi
TI Quantitative investigation of post-seismic debris flows considering the
   spatial distribution of source materials
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Post-seismic debris flow; Regional scale; Spatial distribution of source
   materials; Depth-integrated particle method; Earthquake-stricken area
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLD; CHI-CHI
   EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL THRESHOLD; LANDSLIDES; AREA; IMPACT; INITIATION;
   RUNOUT
AB At a regional scale, the concurrent occurrence of multiple post-seismic debris flows has been commonly encountered due to abundant source materials, of which spatial distribution is crucial for the debris flow hazard assessment. So far, quantitative assessments of post-seismic debris flows at a regional scale are still limited, especially with the consideration of the spatial distribution of source materials. In the present study, a framework for post-seismic debris flows hazard assessment at the regional scale is proposed, considering topography, source materials and rainfall, based on the depth-integrated particle method coupled with a soil-water mixing model. In particular, the Beichuan region, where was one of the most damaged regions during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, is chosen as a case study. The spatial distribution of source materials, which is identified based on the high-resolution imagery, is considered during the hazard assessment. Simulation results show that the delineated post-seismic debris flow map, based on the computed specific affected area, is in fairly good agreement with field investigations in the Beichuan region after the earthquake event. Regional hazard assessment shows that the destructive potential of post-seismic debris flows to the Beichuan city is amplified, comparing with that evaluated separately at a catchment scale. The enhanced destructive potential is mainly attributed to the coupling effects between multiple debris flows in terms of discharge and velocity. In addition, the magnitude and intensity of post-seismic debris flows considering the spatial distribution of source materials are computed more accurately than those only estimated by rainfall and topography. This study implies that the regional assessment framework considering the spatial distribution of source materials, topography and rainfall can provide reasonable and reliable physical-mechanical parameters in practical engineering, avoiding underestimation of hazard assessment or unreasonable prevention and mitigation strategies.
C1 [Zhang, Ni; Mu, Qingyi] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China.
C3 Xi'an Jiaotong University
RP Mu, QY (corresponding author), Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China.
EM qingyimu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD NOV
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 21
AR 713
DI 10.1007/s12665-021-10048-3
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000708912800002
ER

PT J
AU Bai, SB
   Lu, P
   Thiebes, B
AF Bai, Shibiao
   Lu, Ping
   Thiebes, Benni
TI Comparing characteristics of rainfall- and earthquake-triggered
   landslides in the Upper Minjiang catchment, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslides; Rainfall; Earthquake; Upper Minjiang catchment
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATTERNS;
   BEICHUAN
AB The Upper Minjiang catchment is located at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and is frequently affected by landslides. The two main triggering factors in the region are rainfall and high magnitude seismic shocks, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In this paper, we present a comparison study of pre-conditioning factors that drive the spatial occurrence of landslides in this high elevation region. We used a multi-temporal landslide inventory that differentiates between rainfall and earthquake triggers based on the analyses of satellite imagery, aerial photos, and field investigations. Our investigation revealed that the strongest influences on landslides are lithology and topographic factors. The difference between these two triggering factors can also be observed with respect to the relative slope positions: rainfall-triggered landslides are more frequently found at lower slopes, while seismic-induced landslides are more evenly distributed on very steep slope sections. In particular, the steep and deeply incised river terraces in this region are prone to landslides due to their rapid formation. This study presents the first analysis that differentiates two main triggering factors in order to understand the influence of rainfall and earthquakes on landslide occurrences in this region. Our results can also aid in the sustainable management of performance-based slope engineering and landslide risk reduction by reporting the differences regarding the spatial distribution of rainfall- and seismic-triggered slope failures. Consequently, these results can be used by local and regional decision-makers for risk management and spatial planning.
C1 [Bai, Shibiao] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Marine Sci & Engn, Jiangsu Ctr Collaborat Innovat Geog Informat Reso, Wenyuan Rd 1, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Ping] Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Thiebes, Benni] German Comm Disaster Reduct, Kaiser Friedrich Str 13, D-53113 Bonn, Germany.
C3 Nanjing Normal University; Tongji University
RP Lu, P (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM shibiaobai@njnu.edu.cn; luping@tongji.edu.cn; Benni.Thiebes@dkkv.org
TC 46
Z9 48
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD APR
PY 2020
VL 268
AR 105518
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105518
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000525398800005
ER

PT J
AU Wang, YS
   Zhao, B
   Li, J
AF Wang, Yunsheng
   Zhao, Bo
   Li, Jia
TI Mechanism of the catastrophic June 2017 landslide at Xinmo Village,
   Songping River, Sichuan Province, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Xinmo landslide; Earthquake; Rock slide; Debris avalanche; Sichuan;
   China
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FLOW
AB On June 24, 2017, a catastrophic landslide (Xinmo landslide) occurred on the left bank of Songping river in Diexi town, Sichuan Province, China. Based on field investigations, this paper tries to reveal the cause and mechanism of the initiation and development of the Xinmo landslide. Xinmo landslide is located in the so called "Minshan block." This tectonic block is very active and generates many earthquakes. Among them, the 1933 Diexi Ms 7.5 earthquake which had an indispensable effect on the occurrence of the Xinmo landslide, whose distance to the recent Xinmo landslide is only 8.7 km. The 1933 earthquake triggered the collapse of the Qianxin gully, which damaged the rock mass forming the source of the Xinmo landslide and creating a free prominent ridge. The later 1976 Songpan Ms 7.2 earthquake and the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake further damaged the integrity of the rock mass in the source area of the 2017 Xinmo landslide. The Xinmo landslide developed on a typical bedding dip slope with metasandstone intercalated with a few thin bedded slate layers. The slate intercalation gives the slope a very low shear strength in the dip direction and the long term rainfall may have softened the slip zone and the locked section. These two aspects have promoted the occurrence of Xinmo landslide.
C1 [Wang, Yunsheng; Zhao, Bo; Li, Jia] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Zhao, B (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM goodman_zhao@163.com
TC 80
Z9 88
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD FEB
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 2
BP 333
EP 345
DI 10.1007/s10346-017-0927-3
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000423999700012
ER

PT J
AU Tang, CX
   Liu, XL
   Cai, YH
   Van Westen, C
   Yang, Y
   Tang, H
   Yang, CZ
   Tang, C
AF Tang, Chenxiao
   Liu, Xinlei
   Cai, Yinghua
   Van Westen, Cees
   Yang, Yu
   Tang, Hai
   Yang, Chengzhang
   Tang, Chuan
TI Monitoring of the reconstruction process in a high mountainous area
   affected by a major earthquake and subsequent hazards
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   13 AUGUST 2010; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; IMPACT EVALUATION;
   AVALANCHE RISK; CENTRAL TAIWAN; RECOVERY
AB Recovering from major earthquakes is a challenge, especially in mountainous environments where postearthquake hazards may cause substantial impacts for prolonged periods of time. Although such impacts were reported in the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake and the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, careless reconstruction in hazard-prone areas and consequently huge losses were witnessed following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the Sichuan province of China, as several reconstructed settlements were severely damaged by mass movements and floods. In order to summarize experiences and identify problems in the reconstruction planning, a monitoring of one of the settlements, the town of Longchi, was carried out by image interpretation and field investigation. Seven inventories containing buildings, farmlands, roads and mitigation measures were made to study the dynamics of elements at risk and exposure over a period of 11 years. It was found that the total economic value of the newly reconstructed buildings was several times more than in the preearthquake situation in 2007, because of enormous governmental investment. Postseismic hazards were not sufficiently taken into consideration in the recovery planning before the catastrophic debris flow disaster in 2010. As a result, the direct economic loss from postseismic disasters was slightly more than the loss caused by the Wenchuan earthquake itself. The society showed an impact-adapt pattern, experiencing losses from disasters and then gaining resistance by abandoning buildings in hazard-prone areas and installing mitigation measures. The locations potentially exposed to postearthquake hazards were summarized, and a possible timetable for reconstruction was proposed. Problems might be encountered in hazard assessment, and possible solutions were discussed.
C1 [Tang, Chenxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chenxiao; Van Westen, Cees] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Twente, Netherlands.
   [Liu, Xinlei; Yang, Yu; Tang, Hai; Yang, Chengzhang; Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Cai, Yinghua] Sichuan Inst Land & Space Ecol Restorat & Geol Ha, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Yu] Chengdu Monitoring Stn Geol Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; University of Twente; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, CX (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Tang, CX (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Twente, Netherlands.
EM c.tang@imde.ac.cn
TC 12
Z9 14
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PD APR 29
PY 2020
VL 20
IS 4
BP 1163
EP 1186
DI 10.5194/nhess-20-1163-2020
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000629739500001
ER

PT J
AU Yang, CW
   Zhang, JJ
   Bi, JW
AF Yang Chang-wei
   Zhang Jian-jing
   Bi Jun-wei
TI Application of Hilbert-Huang Transform to the analysis of the landslides
   triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Discrete Element Method; Hilbert-Huang Transform; Wenchuan Earthquake;
   Landslide
ID FAULT ZONE; HAZARD; WAVES
AB A steep rock hill with two side slopes located at DK30+256 of National Road 213 was used as a prototype for analysis. The full process from initial deformation to sliding of the slope during ground shaking was simulated by using a new Continuum-based Discrete Element Method. During the earthquake, when shaking amplitudes were lower, the stress concentration points firstly appeared at the top of the slip mass, and then some tension failure points appeared, followed by shear failure points. At the same time, both the instantaneous frequencies of accelerations in the bedrock and that in the slip mass basically stayed in two different ranges. The energy transmittance coefficients of the sliding surface also stayed in a high range. As the ground shaking lasted, the number of failure points gradually increased until landslide occurrence. The instantaneous frequencies of accelerations in the slip mass and the energy transmittance coefficients of sliding surface gradually decreased, and both finally converged to a lower range. And then, the reasons triggering landslides are analysis in the joint time-frequency domain using Hilbert-Huang Transform, as follows: the differences of distribution and dissipation of the earthquake energy and the inconsistency of movements between the slip mass and the bedrock were the two major influence factors.
C1 [Yang Chang-wei; Zhang Jian-jing; Bi Jun-wei] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Minist Educ, Key Transportat Tunnel Engn, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Yang Chang-wei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Zhang, JJ (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Minist Educ, Key Transportat Tunnel Engn, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM yangchangwei56@163.com; jianzhang1102@126.com; 1186054378@qq.com
TC 11
Z9 13
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 3
BP 711
EP 720
DI 10.1007/s11629-014-3015-3
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000355429000017
ER

PT J
AU Bi, YZ
   Du, YJ
   He, SM
   Sun, XP
   Wang, DP
   Li, XP
   Liang, H
   Wu, Y
AF Bi, YuZhang
   Du, YanJun
   He, SiMing
   Sun, XinPo
   Wang, DongPo
   Li, XinPo
   Liang, Heng
   Wu, Yong
TI Numerical analysis of effect of baffle configuration on impact force
   exerted from rock avalanches
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Rock avalanches; Discrete element method; Baffles; Interaction
   mechanisms; Energy dissipation
ID FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION; DEBRIS FLOW IMPACT; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   ROLLING RESISTANCE; GRANULAR FLOW; LANDSLIDE; SIMULATION; MODEL; DESIGN;
   SPH
AB In mountainous areas, channelized rock avalanches swarm downslope leading to large impact forces on building structures in residential areas. Arrays of rock avalanche baffles are usually installed in front of rigid barriers to attenuate the flow energy of rock avalanches. However, previous studies have not sufficiently addressed the mechanisms of interaction between the rock avalanches and baffles. In addition, empirical design approaches such as debris flow (Tang et al., Quat Int 250:63-73, 2012), rockfall (Spang and Rautenstrauch, 1237-1243, 1988), snow avalanches (Favier et al., 14:3-15, 2012), and rock avalanches (Manzella and Labiouse, Landslides 10:23-36, 2013), which are applied in natural geo-disasters mitigation cannot met construction requirements. This study presents details of numerical modeling using the discrete element method (DEM) to investigate the effect of the configuration of baffles (number and spacing of baffle columns and rows) on the impact force that rock avalanches exert on baffles. The numerical modeling is firstly conducted to provide insights into the flow interaction between rock avalanches and an array of baffles. Then, a modeling analysis is made to investigate the change pattern of the impact force with respect to baffle configurations. The results demonstrate that three crucial influencing factors (baffle row numbers, baffle column spacing, and baffle row spacing) have close relationship with energy dissipation of baffles. Interestingly, it is found that capacity of energy dissipation of baffles increases with increasing baffle row numbers and baffle row spacing, while it decreases with increasing baffle column spacing. The results obtained from this study are useful for facilitating design of baffles against rock avalanches.
C1 [Bi, YuZhang; Du, YanJun] Southeast Univ, Sch Transportat, Inst Geotech Engn, 2 Sipalou Rd, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [He, SiMing; Li, XinPo; Liang, Heng; Wu, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [He, SiMing] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [He, SiMing; Li, XinPo; Liang, Heng; Wu, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, IMHE, 9,Block 4,Renminnanlu Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Sun, XinPo] Sichuan Univ Sci & Engn, Sch Civil Engn, Zigong 643000, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, DongPo] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southeast University - China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center
   for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Sichuan University of Science & Engineering;
   Chengdu University of Technology
RP He, SM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, IMHE, 9,Block 4,Renminnanlu Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM biyuzhang@seu.edu.cn; hsm@imde.ac.cn
TC 60
Z9 71
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAY
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 5
BP 1029
EP 1043
DI 10.1007/s10346-018-0979-z
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000431308800015
ER

PT J
AU Chang, DS
   Zhang, LM
   Xu, Y
   Huang, RQ
AF Chang, D. S.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Xu, Y.
   Huang, R. Q.
TI Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12
   May Wenchuan earthquake
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Compaction; Dam breach; Erodibility; Landslide; Landslide dam;
   Overtopping
ID CRITICAL SHEAR-STRESS; COHESIVE STREAMBEDS; SCOUR RESISTANCE; SOIL
   ERODIBILITY; RATE PREDICTIONS; EROSION; JETS; CLAY; COHESIONLESS;
   EROSIVITY
AB A strong earthquake of magnitude 8 in Richter scale, occurred in Sichuan Province, China on 12 May 2008, triggered about 257 landslide dams. The erodibility of fresh landslide deposits plays an important role in evaluating the initiation and development of breaching of such landslide dams. In this research, field jet index tests were conducted shortly after the earthquake at 27 locations on the Hongshihe landslide dam and the Libaisi landslide dam. The purpose of these tests was to investigate the erodibility of freshly deposited landslide soils. The landslide deposits are broadly graded. The bulk density increases and the coefficient of erodibility decreases with the depth of deposition. The erodibility of the fresh landslide deposits falls into a moderately resistant category and the fresh deposits are much more erodible than the native geomaterials before the earthquake. The main factors that control soil erodibility are found to be grain-size distribution, void ratio, fines content, and plasticity index. Particularly, the coefficient of erodibility decreases exponentially with the degree of compaction. Two empirical equations are developed for estimating the coefficient of erodibility and critical erosive shear stress of the freshly deposited landslide soils based on their basic soil properties.
C1 [Chang, D. S.; Zhang, L. M.; Xu, Y.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Y.] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, R. Q.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; China Institute of Water
   Resources & Hydropower Research; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cechangd@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk; xuyao@ust.hk
TC 139
Z9 175
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 3
BP 321
EP 332
DI 10.1007/s10346-011-0256-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000294535500005
ER

PT J
AU Han, SY
   Liu, B
   Fan, XY
   Feng, TT
   Yang, JJ
   Zhou, ZL
   Gong, H
   Luo, J
AF Han, Suyue
   Liu, Bin
   Fan, Xinyue
   Feng, Tingting
   Yang, JingJing
   Zhou, Zhongli
   Gong, Hao
   Luo, Jie
TI A new approach for landslide susceptibility assessments based on
   KDE-MDBN: A case study from mountainous regions impacted by the Wenchuan
   earthquake, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
DT Article
DE Extremely earthquake-stricken areas; Landslide hazard; KDE; MDBN;
   Singularity index; Spatial susceptibility map
ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SLOPE INSTABILITY; GIS; AREA; SELECTION; ENTROPY;
   MODELS; TURKEY; INDEX; BASIN
AB Earthquake-stricken areas are characterized by frequent and long-lasting geological disasters. Therefore, a scientific and reasonable study on the spatial prediction of post-earthquake landslide hazards is beneficial to the sustainable development of these areas. Firstly, the spatial effects of landslide hazards are analyzed using KDE, and the singularity index is used to delineate the area where negative samples can be selected to reduce the impact of uncertainty on the model. Secondly, eight landslide influencing factors are selected, and the weights of each influencing factor are calculated by using a geodetector. Finally, the traditional binary dependent variable approach is changed, and a KDE-MDBN landslide hazard spatial susceptibility assessment model is constructed. The research indicates that the assessment model based on KDE-MDBN can accurately reflect the characteristics of the spatial distribution of landslide hazards in the area. The results of presented in this paper can provide reference information for subsequent susceptibility assessments.
C1 [Han, Suyue; Liu, Bin; Fan, Xinyue; Zhou, Zhongli; Gong, Hao] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Bin; Feng, Tingting; Yang, JingJing; Zhou, Zhongli; Gong, Hao; Luo, Jie] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Math & Phys, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Han, Suyue; Liu, Bin; Fan, Xinyue; Feng, Tingting; Yang, JingJing; Zhou, Zhongli; Gong, Hao; Luo, Jie] Chengdu Univ Technol, Geomath Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Chengdu University of Technology
RP Liu, B (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM liubincim@163.com
TC 13
Z9 15
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 1364-8152
EI 1873-6726
PD SEP
PY 2023
VL 167
AR 105759
DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105759
EA JUL 2023
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:001031863500001
ER

PT J
AU Zheng, L
   Chen, GQ
   Zen, K
   Kasama, K
AF Zheng, Lu
   Chen, Guangqi
   Zen, Kouki
   Kasama, Kiyonobu
TI Numerical validation of Multiplex Acceleration Model for earthquake
   induced landslides
SO GEOMECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE long run-out landslides; earthquake; Multiplex Acceleration Model;
   trampoline effect; UDEC
ID DYNAMIC SIMULATION; SLOPE; MOTION
AB Due to strong ground motion of earthquake, the material in the landslide can travel a significant distance from the source. A new landslide model called Multiplex Acceleration Model (MAM) has been proposed to interpret the mechanism of long run-out movement of this type of landslide, considering earthquake behaviors on slope and landslide materials. In previous study, this model was verified by a shaking table test. However, there is a scale limitation of shaking table test to investigate MAM in detail. Thus, numerical simulation was carried out in this study to validate MAM under full scale. A huge rock ejected and A truck threw upwards by seismic force during Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms. 8.0) was discussed based on the simulation results. The results indicate that collisions in P-phase of earthquake and trampoline effect are important behaviors to interpret the mechanism of long run-out and high velocity. The results show that MAM is acceptable and applicable.
C1 [Zheng, Lu; Chen, Guangqi; Zen, Kouki; Kasama, Kiyonobu] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
C3 Kyushu University
RP Zheng, L (corresponding author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
EM lu.zheng8211@gmail.com
TC 6
Z9 6
PU TECHNO-PRESS
PI DAEJEON
PA PO BOX 33, YUSEONG, DAEJEON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA
SN 2005-307X
PD MAR
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 1
BP 39
EP 53
DI 10.12989/gae.2012.4.1.039
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000308614000003
ER

PT J
AU Yi, Z
   Kang, J
AF Yi, Zheongzun
   Kang, Junsuk
TI Finite element-based spatial distribution model for slope stability
   during earthquakes
SO EARTHQUAKES AND STRUCTURES
DT Article
DE earthquakes; finite element modeling; landslides; seismicity;
   slopes-stabilization
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 2016 GYEONGJU; LANDSLIDE; RISK; RAINFALL; NORTH;
   MAP
AB The recent increase in earthquakes in Korea, including those in Kyeong-Ju and Pohang, has caused significant damage and landslides in surrounding areas. This study investigated earthquake-induced landslides to identify ways to reduce the risk of damage caused by slope instability. Landslide risk was assessed through finite element analysis of the slope factor of safety using topographic and geological data of the Pohang region combined with actual earthquake observations. A path was established to evaluate the slope stability and hazards at the end of the slope. The results of this study were compared with the landslide hazard map and showed good agreement, validating the accuracy of the model. In addition, the analysis of different paths provided quantitative and precise information about slope boundaries. Landslide hazards increase under earthquake conditions. Obtaining a quantitative factor of safety provides valuable information for designing slopes and adjacent areas.
C1 [Yi, Zheongzun; Kang, Junsuk] Seoul Natl Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
   [Kang, Junsuk] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
   [Kang, Junsuk] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
   [Kang, Junsuk] Seoul Natl Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Urban Design, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
   [Kang, Junsuk] Seoul Natl Univ, Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
C3 Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul
   National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul
   National University (SNU)
RP Kang, J (corresponding author), Seoul Natl Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture, Seoul 08826, South Korea.; Kang, J (corresponding author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn, Seoul 08826, South Korea.; Kang, J (corresponding author), Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Seoul 08826, South Korea.; Kang, J (corresponding author), Seoul Natl Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Urban Design, Seoul 08826, South Korea.; Kang, J (corresponding author), Seoul Natl Univ, Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
EM junkang@snu.ac.kr
TC 0
Z9 0
PU TECHNO-PRESS
PI DAEJEON
PA PO BOX 33, YUSEONG, DAEJEON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA
SN 2092-7614
EI 2092-7622
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 28
IS 2
BP 149
EP 159
DI 10.12989/eas.2025.28.2.149
SC Engineering
UT WOS:001422185900004
ER

PT J
AU Leong, EC
   Cheng, ZY
AF Leong, Eng-Choon
   Cheng, Zhuoyuan
TI A geometry-modelling method to estimate landslide volume from source
   area
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Volume; Power-law; Ellipsoid; Geometry modelling; Satellite
   images; Aerial images
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TYPHOON MORAKOT; ROCK AVALANCHE; TIME-SERIES;
   RAINFALL; STABILITY; ROCKSLIDE; EROSION; TOPOGRAPHY; BEHAVIOR
AB Knowledge of landslide volume is important to understand the extent of damages and evaluating methods of remediation. However, the volume of landslide is difficult to quantify due to its scale and challenges encountered in conventional surveying. Various studies using satellite and aerial images have been conducted to empirically relate volume (i.e., displaced mass) of a landslide to its area through a power-law. However, there are many existing empirical relationships, and the volume estimate may differ substantially. In this study, firstly it is demonstrated that the empirical area-volume power-law relationships could be rationalized by a geometrical and mathematical basis. The empirical relationships in the literature are shown to be bounded by the volumes of "idealized" landslides where the slip surface is either spherical or elliptical. Secondly, a geometry-modelling method is proposed to estimate the volume of a landslide from satellite and aerial images without the need for digital elevation models. Using this method, landslide volume can be expediently estimated, and it yields better accuracy than empirical area-volume power-law relationships.
C1 [Leong, Eng-Choon] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore, Singapore.
   [Cheng, Zhuoyuan] Singapore Univ Social Sci, Sch Sci & Technol, Singapore, Singapore.
C3 Nanyang Technological University; Singapore University of Social
   Sciences (SUSS)
RP Leong, EC (corresponding author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore, Singapore.
EM cecleong@ntu.edu.sg
TC 5
Z9 6
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD AUG
PY 2022
VL 19
IS 8
BP 1971
EP 1985
DI 10.1007/s10346-022-01864-0
EA APR 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000778914600001
ER

PT J
AU Cui, P
   Dang, C
   Zhuang, JQ
   You, Y
   Chen, XQ
   Scott, KM
AF Cui, Peng
   Dang, Chao
   Zhuang, Jian-qi
   You, Yong
   Chen, Xiao-qing
   Scott, Kevin M.
TI Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered
   by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): risk assessment, mitigation
   strategy, and lessons learned
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslide-dammed lake; Flood outburst; Risk
   assessment; Disaster mitigation; Tangjiashan
ID DAMS
AB Landslides and rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake produced 257 landslide dams, mainly situated along the eastern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau where rivers descend approximately 3,000 m into the Sichuan Basin. The largest of these dams blocked the Tongkou River (a tributary of the Fujiang River) at Tangjiashan. The blockage, consisting of 2.04 x 10(7) m(3) of landslide debris, impounded a lake with a projected maximum volume of 3.15 x 10(8) m(3), potentially inundating 8.92 km(2) of terrain. Its creation during the rainy season and the possibility of an uncontrolled release posed a serious, impending threat to at least 1.3 million people downstream that could add substantially to the total of 69,200 individuals directly killed by the earthquake. Risk assessment of the blockage indicated that it was unlikely to collapse suddenly, and that eventual overtopping could be mitigated by notching the structure in order to create an engineered breach and achieve safe drainage of the lake. In addition to the installation of monitoring and warning instrumentation, for emergency planning we estimated several outburst scenarios equivalent to 20, 25, 33, and 50% of the dam failing suddenly, creating, respectively, 3.35, 3.84, 4.22, and 4.65 km(2) of flooded area, and overbank water depths of 4.6, 5.1, 5.7, and 6.2 m, respectively, in Mianyang, the second largest city in Sichuan Province, 48 km downstream from the blockage. Based on these scenarios, recommendations and plans for excavating a sluiceway, draining the lake, and downstream evacuation were proposed and later were implemented successfully, with the blockage breached by overtopping on June 10, less than a month after dam emplacement. The peak discharge of the release only slightly exceeded the flood of record at Mianyang City. No lives were lost, and significant property damage was avoided. Post-breaching evaluation reveals how future similar mitigation can be improved. Although initial breach erosion was slow, later erosion was judged uncontrollably rapid; increased slope of the engineered channel and adoption of a compound, trapezoid-triangular cross-section can be considered, as can other measures to control the rate of breach incision. Evacuees from Mianyang City spent an unnecessarily long time (12 days) in temporary settlements; more precise risk management planning can reduce this time in the future.
C1 [Cui, Peng; Dang, Chao; Zhuang, Jian-qi; You, Yong; Chen, Xiao-qing] CAS, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng; Dang, Chao; Zhuang, Jian-qi; You, Yong; Chen, Xiao-qing] CAS, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Scott, Kevin M.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Vancouver, WA USA.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; United States Department of the
   Interior; United States Geological Survey
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), CAS, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 68
Z9 79
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 65
IS 4
SI SI
BP 1055
EP 1065
DI 10.1007/s12665-010-0749-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000299840100012
ER

PT J
AU Xu, LL
   Chen, CLP
   Qing, F
   Meng, XM
   Zhao, Y
   Qi, TJ
   Miao, TY
AF Xu, Lili
   Chen, C. L. Philip
   Qing, Feng
   Meng, Xingmin
   Zhao, Yan
   Qi, Tianjun
   Miao, Tianyao
TI Graph-Represented Broad Learning System for Landslide Susceptibility
   Mapping in Alpine-Canyon Region
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslide; alpine-canyon region; susceptibility mapping; Laplacian
   matrix; broad learning system; Zhouqu County
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MULTISCALE; REGRESSION; MACHINE; SEGMENT; HAZARD;
   AREA; GIS
AB Zhouqu County is located at the intersection of two active structural belts in the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is a rare, high-incidence area of landslides, debris flow, and earthquakes on a global scale. The complex regional geological background, the fragile ecological environment, and the significant tectonic activities have caused great difficulties for the dynamic susceptibility assessment and prediction of landslides in the study area. Specifically, Zhouqu is a typical alpine-canyon region in geomorphology; currently there is still a lack of a landslide susceptibility assessment study for this particular type of area. Therefore, the development of landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) in this area is of great significance for quickly grasping the regional landslide situation and formulating disaster reduction strategies. In this article, we propose a graph-represented learning algorithm named GBLS within a broad framework in order to better extract the spatially relevant characteristics of the geographical data and to quickly obtain the change pattern of landslide susceptibility according to the frequent variation (increase or decrease) of the data. Based on the broad structure, we construct a group of graph feature nodes through graph-represented learning to make better use of geometric correlation of data to upgrade the precision. The proposed method maintains the efficiency and effectiveness due to its broad structure, and even better, it is able to take advantage of incremental data to complete fast learning methodology without repeated calculation, thus avoiding time waste and massive computation consumption. Empirical results verify the excellent performance with high efficiency and generalization of GBLS on the 407 landslides in the study area inventoried by remote sensing interpretation and field investigation. Then, the landslide susceptibility map is drawn to visualize the landslide susceptibility assessment according to the result of GBLS with the highest AUC (0.982). The four most influential factors were ranked out as rainfall, NDVI, aspect, and Terrain Ruggedness Index. Our research provides a selection criterion that can be referenced for future research where GBLS is of great significance in LSM of the alpine-canyon region. It plays an important role in demonstrating and popularizing the research in the same type of landform environment. The LSM would help the government better prevent and confine the risk of landslide hazards in the alpine-canyon region of Zhouqu.
C1 [Xu, Lili] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Appl Math, Zhuhai 519087, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, C. L. Philip] South China Univ Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510641, Peoples R China.
   [Qing, Feng] Tsinghua Univ, Inst Publ Safety Res, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Meng, Xingmin; Zhao, Yan] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Tianjun] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Miao, Tianyao] China Re Catastrophe Risk Management Co LYD, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University Zhuhai; South China
   University of Technology; Tsinghua University; Lanzhou University;
   Lanzhou University
RP Chen, CLP (corresponding author), South China Univ Technol, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510641, Peoples R China.
EM xulili@bnuz.edu.cn; philip.chen@ieee.org; qingf16@lzu.edu.cn;
   xmmeng@lzu.edu.cn; zhaoyandz@lzu.edu.cn; qitj16@lzu.edu.cn;
   miaotianyao@chinarecrm.com.cn
TC 9
Z9 10
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD JUN
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 12
AR 2773
DI 10.3390/rs14122773
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000817537200001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, TL
   Chen, SS
   Fu, CJ
   Zhong, QM
AF Zhao, Tianlong
   Chen, Shengshui
   Fu, Changjing
   Zhong, Qiming
TI Influence of diversion channel section type on landslide dam draining
   effect
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Centrifugal tests; Diversion channel; Section form;
   Emergency measure
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE; FLOOD
AB The present study focuses on the emergency response measures for landslide dams. This work presents a series of centrifuge model tests conducted on the draining processes of barrier dams that are based on the grain composition of the Tangjiashan landslide dam. The effects of diversion channels with trapezoid, triangular, and compound sections on the discharge, process, and size of the residual dam are discussed. The characteristics of the flow erosion during the process of discharge in the different channels are analyzed based on hydrodynamics. The results suggest that a diversion channel with a compound section has a higher initial discharge efficiency and lower peak flow, and the flow process curve corresponds to a "chunkytype." The draining from this type of a diversion channel could clearly reduce the flood pressure of the river downstream and make the entire process smoother. Thus, the excavation of a diversion channel with a compound section is an efficient and safe method for landslide dam emergency mitigation.
C1 [Zhao, Tianlong; Fu, Changjing] Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Hydraul & Waterway Engn, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Shengshui] Minist Water Resources, Nanjing Hydraul Res Inst, Key Lab Failure Mech & Safety Control Tech Earth, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhong, Qiming] Nanjing Hydraul Res Inst, Dept Geotech Engn, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing Jiaotong University; Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute;
   Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute
RP Fu, CJ (corresponding author), Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Hydraul & Waterway Engn, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.
EM 546684412@qq.com
TC 17
Z9 21
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD JAN
PY 2018
VL 77
IS 2
AR 54
DI 10.1007/s12665-017-7217-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000424370000017
ER

PT J
AU Kahal, AY
   Abdelrahman, K
   Alfaifi, HJ
   Yahya, MMA
AF Kahal, Ali Y.
   Abdelrahman, Kamal
   Alfaifi, Hussain J.
   Yahya, Madyan M. A.
TI Landslide hazard assessment of the Neom promising city, northwestern
   Saudi Arabia: An integrated approach
SO JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Landslide; Susceptibility; GIS; Thematic layers; Neom; Saudi Arabia
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ZONATION; AREA; GIS; INVENTORY; MODEL; RISK
AB Landslides hazard as one of the major environmental threats of the Neom promising city in northwestern Saudi Arabia has been assessed through data integration of several sources including topographic, geologic, and seismologic data sets. Moreover, Landsat imagery and historical landslide data are introduced in assessing landslide susceptibility of the study area. All these data oriented to generate eight thematic layers representing eight landslide conditioning factors. These factors arranged according to their relative importance for landslide susceptibility mapping as follows: slope angle, elevation, curvature, aspect, earthquake density, fault density, drainage density, and lineaments density. These factors were assessed using GIS through a numerical rating scheme for thematic layers. The ranks and weights were given in association with intensive field studies and authors' experiences. The estimated values of Landslide Potential Index (LPI) varies from 32 up to 107. Then, the resultant landslide susceptibility map classifies the landslide hazards into three relative classes of susceptibility: high, moderate, and low. Furthermore, this map was tested through several field checks and the extracted historical landslides within Neom area as well. This landslide susceptibility map will boost decision-making authority while executing the developing projects throughout the Neom promising area either avoiding strategic facilities or applying corrective geotechnical procedures to minimize the landslide hazardous impact for Neom city.
C1 [Kahal, Ali Y.; Abdelrahman, Kamal; Alfaifi, Hussain J.] King Saud Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, POB 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
   [Abdelrahman, Kamal] Natl Res Inst Astron & Geophys, Seismol Dept, EL Marsad St 1, Cairo, Egypt.
   [Yahya, Madyan M. A.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
C3 King Saud University; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); National Research
   Institute of Astronomy & Geophysics - NRIAG; King Abdulaziz University
RP Kahal, AY (corresponding author), King Saud Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, POB 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
EM akahal@ksu.edu.sa
TC 20
Z9 24
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1018-3647
EI 2213-686X
PD MAR
PY 2021
VL 33
IS 2
AR 101279
DI 10.1016/j.jksus.2020.101279
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000632597900005
ER

PT J
AU Deng, MF
   Liu, M
   Zhang, Y
   Chen, NS
   Huang, N
   Wang, T
AF Deng, Mingfeng
   Liu, Mei
   Zhang, Yong
   Chen, Ningsheng
   Huang, Na
   Wang, Tao
TI Debris flow amplification in a moraine terrace and related engineering
   measures in the Zongzhai Valley, Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Moraine terrace; debris flows; amplification; engineering measures;
   southeastern Tibetan Plateau
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ENTRAINMENT; SCOUR; MITIGATION; EROSION; IMPACT;
   DEPOSITION; INITIATION; MECHANISM; TORRENT
AB Debris flows can quickly destroy basic facilities in mountainous areas, where suitable land resources are limited and towns are located on gentle slopes. To alleviate the threat of debris flows, two main approaches, based on debris storage or debris-flow excretion, have been proposed in recent decades in China. In August 2015, a debris flow occurred in the Zongzhai Valley for the first time in the last 100 years. Field surveys, section measurements and discharge calculations indicated that the bulking of the debris flow and the sediment entrainment were serious, resulting in the widening and deepening of the channel along the moraine terrace. Therefore, the two traditional mitigation methods appear to be inappropriate for the debris flows in Zongzhai Valley because this region lacks sufficient space for debris storage and economic support for a long drainage canal. This study analyzed the supply mechanism of the bed material and bank sediments along the moraine terrace and found that the bank collapse was mainly controlled by bed scour. Based on a literature review, we determined that the channel bed strength in the terrace should be increased and proposed that shallow dams be constructed to maintain the stability of the channel bed. The parameters of these shallow dams are provided in this article.
C1 [Deng, Mingfeng; Liu, Mei; Zhang, Yong; Chen, Ningsheng; Huang, Na; Wang, Tao] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Deng, Mingfeng; Liu, Mei; Zhang, Yong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Wang, T (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM wtwang@imde.ac.cn
TC 2
Z9 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PY 2018
VL 9
IS 1
BP 1230
EP 1248
DI 10.1080/19475705.2018.1508507
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000485169300001
ER

PT J
AU Froehlich, DC
AF Froehlich, David C.
TI Peak Flood Discharge from a Landslide Dam Outburst
SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW
DT Article
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCK AVALANCHE; JINSHA RIVER; BREAK FLOOD; FAILURE;
   LAKE; KASHMIR; DEBRIS; VALLEY; SIMULATION
AB A rapid method for estimating the peak discharge from a breached landslide dam is developed from an analysis of 42 outburst floods. Systematic classification of the river blockages based on the landslide type, its material composition, and its travel distance is used to assess the erodibility of a dam. The blockage erodibility, along with the impoundment's characteristics, controls the size (height and width) of a breach and the speed at which it forms, which determines the peak discharge. Three categories or types of landslide dams are identified to quantify their relative erodibility. A regression equation is developed to predict an outburst flood peak discharge based on the blockage type, the dam height, and the volume of impounded water at the time of breaching. Prediction limits are also calculated, which provide a sound statistical assessment of the possible peak outflow range. With the potential consequence known, the downstream population's orderly evacuation can be carried out when a landslide dam failure is approaching. (C) 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Froehlich, David C.] 303 Frenchmans Bluff Dr, Cary, NC 27513 USA.
RP Froehlich, DC (corresponding author), 303 Frenchmans Bluff Dr, Cary, NC 27513 USA.
EM dcfroehlich@aol.com
TC 9
Z9 12
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 1527-6988
EI 1527-6996
PD MAY 1
PY 2022
VL 23
IS 2
AR 04022001
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000545
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000769062200005
ER

PT J
AU Yang, KX
   Li, W
   Yang, XR
   Zhang, L
AF Yang, Kaixin
   Li, Wei
   Yang, Xinran
   Zhang, Lei
TI Improving Landslide Recognition on UAV Data through Transfer Learning
SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
DT Article
DE UAV; remote sensing; landslide recognition; transfer learning
ID CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE
AB As a frequent geological disaster, landslides cause serious casualties and economic losses every year. When landslides occur, rapid access to disaster information is the premise of implementing disaster relief and reduction. Traditional satellite remote sensing may not be able to timely obtain the image data from the disaster areas due to orbital cycle and weather impacts. Visual interpretation of remote sensing data and machine learning methods need to be improved the detection efficiency. This paper studies landslide recognition based on the UAV remote sensing image. The affected area of the Zhangmu Port region in Tibet by the Nepal earthquake occurred on 25 April 2015 was selected to carry out the landslide investigation. Aiming at the problem of insufficient training sample data of landslides, we adopt the transfer learning method. The evaluation indexes show that the proposed method can automatically identify landslide disasters. Comparing with the SSD model, our new approach has better detection performance, providing thus accurate data support for scientific decision-making of disaster rescue.
C1 [Yang, Kaixin; Zhang, Lei] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Tianjin Coll, Tianjin 301830, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Wei] Inst Guangzhou Urban Planning Survey & Design, Guangzhou 510060, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Xinran] Tianjin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ocean Technol, Tianjin 300222, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Science & Technology Beijing; Tianjin University of
   Science & Technology
RP Yang, KX (corresponding author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Tianjin Coll, Tianjin 301830, Peoples R China.; Li, W (corresponding author), Inst Guangzhou Urban Planning Survey & Design, Guangzhou 510060, Peoples R China.
EM kxyang@163.com; wii_lee@126.com
TC 9
Z9 11
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2076-3417
PD OCT
PY 2022
VL 12
IS 19
AR 10121
DI 10.3390/app121910121
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
UT WOS:000866601400001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XL
   Chuan, YJ
   Wei, YK
AF Chen, Xiaoli
   Chuan, Yijian
   Wei, Yankun
TI Calculation of the Coseismic Landslide Volume Using DEMs: An Example
   from the Yingxiu Area, Wenchuan, Sichuan, China
SO ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
DT Article
AB Volume calculation is important for quantifying the erosion driven by coseismic landslides in geomorphology. With the advent of digital elevation models (DEMs), quantifying features of landslide bodies have become possible, permitting to calculate the landslide volume in terms of elevation changes. To further test this approach, this work calculates the volume of landslides near the epicenter of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Yingxiu region, Sichuan, China, by comparing pre- and postearthquake DEMs. Results suggest that effective application of this method needs to consider the DEM resolution and eliminates background errors of individual landslides. The volume of coseismic landslides calculated by the proposed method may represent a minimum value compared to that from the existing empirical V-A formulas. Considering that it is difficult to quantify the coseismic landslide volume throughout in a broad region, this method can be applied to the preliminary stage of characterizing coseismic landslides quantitatively for some key localities of the affected area of major earthquakes.
C1 [Chen, Xiaoli; Wei, Yankun] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Chuan, Yijian] Peking Univ, Sch Math Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Peking
   University
RP Chen, XL (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM chenxl@ies.ac.cn; ychuan@pku.edu.cn; weiyankun@ies.ac.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1687-8086
EI 1687-8094
PD MAR 1
PY 2021
VL 2021
AR 6646709
DI 10.1155/2021/6646709
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
UT WOS:000629365200005
ER

PT J
AU Scaioni, M
   Lu, P
   Feng, T
   Chen, W
   Qiao, G
   Wu, H
   Tong, X
   Wang, W
   Li, R
AF Scaioni, M.
   Lu, P.
   Feng, T.
   Chen, W.
   Qiao, G.
   Wu, H.
   Tong, X.
   Wang, W.
   Li, R.
TI Analysis of spatial sensor network observations during landslide
   simulation experiments
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE engineering geology; landslides; monitoring; photogrammetry;
   simulations; spatial sensor network
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SLOPE; FLUME; MODEL;
   FAILURE; FLOW; SURFACE
AB A spatial sensor network was tested during five experiments on a landslide simulation platform. Here, a landslide was triggered by means of simulated rainfall. The sensor network currently incorporates in situ sensors and two stereo imaging systems. In future, these sensors will be installed on a real-scene slopes in Sichuan Province (South-West China). The paper focuses on the results of two latest landslide simulation experiments. While one experiment ended with a partial failure, the second one showed a complete slope collapse. In the first part of the study, the full data series are investigated to perform correlations and common pattern analysis, as well as to link them to the physical processes. In the second part, four subsets of sensors located in neighbouring positions are analysed. Although the small scale of the simulated experiment probably influenced the results, these experiments allowed ascertaining which sensors could be more suitable to be deployed on the real-scene landslide sites.
C1 [Scaioni, M.; Lu, P.; Feng, T.; Chen, W.; Qiao, G.; Wu, H.; Tong, X.; Wang, W.; Li, R.] Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Sustainable Dev Applic, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Li, R.] Ohio State Univ, Mapping & GIS Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
C3 Tongji University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
RP Lu, P (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Sustainable Dev Applic, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM luping@tongji.edu.cn
TC 14
Z9 14
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1964-8189
EI 2116-7214
PD OCT 1
PY 2013
VL 17
IS 9
BP 802
EP 825
DI 10.1080/19648189.2013.822427
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000323878000004
ER

PT J
AU Jiang, R
   Wu, JJ
   Fei, WP
   Zhou, HW
   Wang, JM
   Pan, LY
AF Jiang, Rui
   Wu, Jia-jun
   Fei, Wen-ping
   Zhou, Hong-wei
   Wang, Jia-mei
   Pan, Long-yang
TI Experimental study on the structural parameters of an optimized sloping
   roof grill barrier for the prevention of debris flows in Yanmen gully
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Optimized sloping roof grill barrier; Structural
   parameters; Retention and separation effect; Calculation of barrier
   length
ID SEDIMENT SEPARATION STRUCTURE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MITIGATION; DESIGN;
   IMPACT
AB A horizontal permeable retaining structure (i.e., a sloping roof grill barrier) is an efficient way to separate water from sediment. However, the effect of the structural parameters and lateral deposit area on separation efficiency has not been investigated. Taking Yanmen gully as an example, this paper first expands the lateral deposit area of the retaining structure, and then conducts a series of flume experiments to study the influences of the structural parameters (grid spacing and grid inclination degree) on the separation efficiency. The experimental results indicate that the retention ability of the structure with the optimized lateral deposit area is much higher. The grid spacing is the main factor affecting the grain-size distribution of the debris flow beyond the barrier and should be higher than the d(80) value of grain-size distribution of the debris-flow. The retention capacity is directly proportional to the grid inclination degree, while the separation efficiency is inversely proportional to the grid inclination degree. The steeper the grid inclination is, the smaller the displacement of debris flow particles along the barrier surface is. The experimental results are analysed to correlate the barrier length with the structural parameters. This paper serves as a reference for the structural design of horizontal permeable barriers.
C1 [Jiang, Rui; Fei, Wen-ping; Zhou, Hong-wei; Wang, Jia-mei; Pan, Long-yang] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Rui] China Three Gorges Projects Dev Co Ltd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Jia-jun] CISDI Engn Co Ltd, Chongqing 400013, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; China Three Gorges Corporation
RP Zhou, HW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM HW.Zhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 4
Z9 5
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV
PY 2020
VL 277
AR 105751
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105751
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000584622900007
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, LM
   Zhang, S
   Huang, RQ
AF Zhang, L. M.
   Zhang, S.
   Huang, R. Q.
TI Multi-hazard scenarios and consequences in Beichuan, China: The first
   five years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Hazards; Risk assessment; Landslides; Debris flows; Dam breach; Flooding
ID INDUCED SLOPE FAILURE; TANGJIASHAN LANDSLIDE; HUMAN RISKS; SIMULATION;
   MECHANISM; MODEL; LAKE
AB Risk assessment for engineering construction, public safety and city planning must answer three questions: (1) What can go wrong? (2) What is the likelihood that it will go wrong? (3) What are the consequences if it goes wrong? All the three questions are difficult to answer. Often "unexpected" hazard scenarios arising from cascading effects lead to disastrous consequences because such hazards are not prepared for. During the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and in the subsequent five years, the Beichuan town in northern Sichuan experienced extraordinary hazards, which impacted upon every corner of the town. A systematic study of such hazard scenarios would provide the required evidence for properly answering the aforementioned questions. This paper starts with an overview of the disaster chain in the Beichuan town triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. It then describes seven episodes of hazards in the town and the extremely severe consequences of these hazards. The hazards included a strong earthquake, multiple large landslides, dam-breaching floods, large-scale debris flows, severe sedimentation, change of river course, and flooding/scouring. The interactions among these hazards are discussed. Finally, a protocol for identifying geohazards triggered by a strong earthquake is suggested. The protocol emphasizes hazard interactions and the concept of the hazard lifecycle, and helps enhance the engineering geological practices. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, L. M.; Zhang, S.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, R. Q.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Chengdu University of
   Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangl@ust.hk; zhangshuaiqj@ust.hk; hrq@cdut.edu.cn
TC 66
Z9 72
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT 8
PY 2014
VL 180
SI SI
BP 4
EP 20
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000344422700002
ER

PT J
AU Xiang, MS
   Duan, LS
   Yang, J
   Wang, CJ
   Wei, FR
AF Xiang, Mingshun
   Duan, Linsen
   Yang, Jin
   Wang, Chunjian
   Wei, Fengran
TI REGIONAL EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC CHANGES OF THE ECOLOGICAL
   ENVIRONMENT AFTER A HIGH MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKE
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ECOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Beichuan large fault; fault effect;
   eco-environmental quality
ID REMOTE; MANAGEMENT
AB The authors established a pressure-state-response (P-S-R) evaluation system, using 3S technologyand comprehensive evaluation method, a systematic study on the fault effect of the dynamic changes in the study area's ecological environment is conducted. The result shows that the ecological environment problems around the seismogenic fault are more prominent. The closer to the fault, the worse the ecological environment is. The area within 3 km from seismogenic fault is in high risk where the quality of the ecological environment is declining, and within the range of 0-2 km is the area where ecological environment declines most significantly. The susceptibility of geological disasters around the fault zone leads to a decline in the stability of the regional ecosystem. The area surrounding the fault zone should be regarded as a key area for post-earthquake monitoring and ecological restoration. Seismogenic fault often has better natural resources and site conditions. Therefore, the speed of ecological restoration is significantly higher than that of other regions. In the process of ecological restoration and reconstruction, favourable factors around the seismogenic fault must be fully utilised to accelerate the recovery of the ecological environment. The research results are of great significance to the post-disaster ecological environment protection and coordinated socio-economic development.
C1 [Xiang, Mingshun; Duan, Linsen; Yang, Jin; Wang, Chunjian; Wei, Fengran] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Tourism & Urban Rural Planning, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Xiang, Mingshun; Yang, Jin] Chengdu Univ Technol, Res Ctr Human Geog Tibetan Plateau & Its Eastern, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Yang, J (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Tourism & Urban Rural Planning, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Yang, J (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Res Ctr Human Geog Tibetan Plateau & Its Eastern, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM yangj@cdut.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SCIBULCOM LTD
PI SOFIA
PA PO BOX 249, 1113 SOFIA, BULGARIA
SN 1311-5065
PY 2021
VL 22
IS 1
BP 61
EP 72
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000664058000007
ER

PT J
AU Qi, SW
   Lan, HX
   Dong, JY
AF Qi, Shengwen
   Lan, Hengxing
   Dong, Jinyu
TI An analytical solution to slip buckling slope failure triggered by
   earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Analytical solution; Buckling failure; Tangjiashan coseismic landslide;
   Energy equilibrium theory
ID ROCK SLOPES
AB Slip buckling failure often occurs in slopes intersected by a set of discontinuities with approximately parallel to the surface. Post-earthquake investigations indicate that some slip buckling failures occurred during 2008 Wenchuan event. However, it is still difficult to evaluate the slip budding failure triggered by earthquakes. In this paper, we give a thorough mechanical analysis to slip buckling slope, and present an analytical solution on slip buckling slope failure which fully considers both the effect of earthquake and pore water pressure based on energy equilibrium theory. Then we apply the methodology to Tangjiashan landslide. Comprehensive retrospective study indicates that Tangjiashan landslide is a typical buckling failure case triggered by Wenchuan earthquake. The application shows that the analytical solution can be used to evaluate the stability of the slope with potential buckling failure during earthquake. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Qi, Shengwen; Lan, Hengxing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Shengwen] Univ Alberta, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
   [Lan, Hengxing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Dong, Jinyu] North China Univ Water Conservancy & Hydroelect P, Coll Resources & Environm, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS;
   University of Alberta; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS
RP Qi, SW (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Shale Gas & Geoengn, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM qishengwen@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
TC 42
Z9 48
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG 26
PY 2015
VL 194
SI SI
BP 4
EP 11
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.06.004
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000360416400002
ER

PT J
AU Guo, XY
   Fu, BH
   Du, J
   Qi, SW
   Shi, PL
   Hou, XK
AF Guo, Xinyi
   Fu, Bihong
   Du, Jie
   Qi, Shengwen
   Shi, Pilong
   Hou, Xiaokun
TI Enhancing post-seismic landslide susceptibility modeling in China
   through a time-variant approach: a spatio-temporal analysis
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH
DT Article
DE Multi-temporal landslide dataset; post-seismic time-variant landslide
   susceptibility model; spatio-temporal characteristics; legacy effect;
   distance
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PATH DEPENDENCY;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; VALIDATION; SICHUAN; REGION; FAULT
AB The pre-phase landslides will have a legacy effect on future landslides, changing the landslide susceptibility. This study attempts to establish a reasonable post-seismic landslide susceptibility model and analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of landslide susceptibility in the Jiuzhaigou MS7.0 earthquake-struck region. Firstly, an integrated 'space-ground' monitoring technology is used to establish a multi-temporal post-seismic landslide dataset. Then, the buffer analysis method documents the spatio-temporal characteristics of post-seismic landslides. Thirdly, the distance is selected as an indicator to quantify the legacy effect. An improved time-variant model is established to evaluate the post-seismic landslide susceptibility. Finally, the spatio-temporal characteristics of landslide susceptibility are generalized, to sum up the changing law. Our results show that the post-seismic landslides are gradually closer to the pre-phase landslides with time. Distance is a critical factor in measuring the impact of pre-phase landslides on future landslides, which can improve the assessment accuracy of the post-seismic landslide susceptibility model. After a large seismic event, the correlation between landslide susceptibility and earthquakes gradually weakens. Post-seismic landslide prevention should focus on the pre-phase landslide expansion triggered by rainfall. Moreover, it should clean up the landslide deposits in time and reasonably dredge the debris flows to avoid secondary geological disasters.
C1 [Guo, Xinyi; Fu, Bihong; Shi, Pilong] Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Xinyi; Qi, Shengwen; Hou, Xiaokun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Xinyi] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Du, Jie] Jiuzhaigou Adm Bur, Aba, Peoples R China.
   [Fu, Bihong] Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Aerospace Information Research Institute,
   CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics,
   CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of
   Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Aerospace Information
   Research Institute, CAS
RP Fu, BH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
EM fubh@aircas.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1753-8947
EI 1753-8955
PD DEC 8
PY 2023
VL 16
IS 2
BP 4265
EP 4295
DI 10.1080/17538947.2023.2265907
SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
UT WOS:001085705700001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, PB
   Liu, XG
   Li, L
AF Xu, Peibin
   Liu, Xingguo
   Li, Lin
TI Variabilities of ground motion in 2023 Mw 7.8 Pazarcık
   earthquake in Turkey and 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan
   earthquake in China
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID ARIAS INTENSITY; ATTENUATION RELATIONSHIP; NEWMARK DISPLACEMENT; HAZARD;
   MAGNITUDE; MODEL; EQUATIONS; STRESS; PGV
AB Both the 2023 M-w 7.8 Pazarc & imath;k earthquake (strike-slip fault) in Turkey, and the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake (reverse-slip fault) in China occurred on the Eurasian seismic belt, with comparable moment magnitudes. This study investigates the ground-motion characteristics of both earthquakes, using ground motion intensity measures (IMs), including peak ground accelerations (PGA), peak ground velocities (PGV), pseudospectral accelerations (PSAs) at T = 0.2-5.0 s, 5-95% significant duration, Arias intensity (I-a) and Newmark displacement. The Pazarc & imath;k earthquake shows negative between-event residuals (delta B-e) at T < 0.2 s and positive delta B-e at T > 0.2 s, indicating source effects in BSSA14 model over- and under- prediction respectively. The Wenchuan earthquake, however, displays uniformly positive delta B-e (all T), revealing source effects underprediction. Larger delta B-e values were observed at long/intermediate period (T > 0.2 s) for Pazarc & imath;k earthquake, but smaller at short period (T < 0.2 s), compared with Wenchuan event. Such period-dependent differences of ground motions between the two events may be attributable to fault types and Fault slip distribution at depth. Within the structure natural frequency range (0.5-1.5 Hz) of the primary buildings in both earthquakes affected area, more recordings for Pazarc & imath;k earthquake exceeded PGA and PGV thresholds from Chinese intensity scale IX, implying that its ground motion has greater impact on structures damage. The Wenchuan earthquake exhibits larger Arias intensity and greater deviations from predicted models compared to the Pazarc & imath;k event, reflecting its ground motion richer high-frequency content. These differences in Arias intensity may be attributable to different fault types and stress drop (Delta sigma) between the two earthquakes. At similar distances, Wenchuan earthquake exhibits longer 5-95% significant duration than Pazarc & imath;k's. The result may be attributed to their different fault styles, rupture directivity, and rupture mechanisms. Both earthquakes produced Newmark displacements values exceeding 2 cm at multiple sites, indicating significant landslide hazards in their respective affected regions.
C1 [Xu, Peibin; Liu, Xingguo; Li, Lin] Harbin Univ, Sch Intelligence & Civil Engn, Harbin, Peoples R China.
C3 Harbin University
RP Xu, PB (corresponding author), Harbin Univ, Sch Intelligence & Civil Engn, Harbin, Peoples R China.
EM xupeibin13@126.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD AUG 15
PY 2025
VL 15
IS 1
AR 29929
DI 10.1038/s41598-025-14565-0
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:001551652300047
ER

PT J
AU Tanyas, H
   Kirschbaum, D
   Görüm, T
   van Westen, CJ
   Lombardo, L
AF Tanyas, Hakan
   Kirschbaum, Dalia
   Gorum, Tolga
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Lombardo, Luigi
TI New Insight into Post-seismic Landslide Evolution Processes in the
   Tropics
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE landslide; earthquake; precipitation; landslide recovery; post-seismic
   landslides
ID 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS
   FLOWS; EPICENTER; ALASKA
AB Earthquakes do not only trigger landslides in co-seismic phases but also elevate post-seismic landslide susceptibility either by causing a strength reduction in hillslope materials or by producing co-seismic landslide deposits, which are prone to further remobilization under the external forces generated by subsequent rainfall events. However, we still have limited observations regarding the post-seismic landslide processes. And, the examined cases are rarely representative of tropical conditions where the precipitation regime is strong and persistent. Therefore, in this study, we introduce three new sets of multi-temporal landslide inventories associated with subsets of the areas affected by 1) 2016 Reuleuet (Indonesia, M-w = 6.5), 2) 2018 Porgera (Papua New Guinea, M-w = 7.5) and 3) 2012 Sulawesi (Indonesia, M-w = 6.3), 2017 Kasiguncu (Indonesia, M-w = 6.6) and 2018 Palu (Indonesia, M-w = 7.5) earthquakes. Overall, our findings show that the landslide susceptibility level associated with the occurrences of new landslides return to pre-seismic conditions in less than a year in the study areas under consideration. We stress that these observations might not be representative of the entire area affected by these earthquakes but the areal boundaries of our study areas.
C1 [Tanyas, Hakan; van Westen, Cees J.; Lombardo, Luigi] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observ ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Tanyas, Hakan; Kirschbaum, Dalia] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Right Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Tanyas, Hakan] Univ Space Res Assoc USRA, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.
   [Gorum, Tolga] Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasia Inst Earth Sci, Istanbul, Turkey.
C3 University of Twente; National Aeronautics & Space Administration
   (NASA); Universities Space Research Association (USRA); Istanbul
   Technical University
RP Tanyas, H (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observ ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.; Tanyas, H (corresponding author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Right Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Tanyas, H (corresponding author), Univ Space Res Assoc USRA, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.
EM h.tanyas@utwente.nl
TC 13
Z9 13
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD JUL 6
PY 2021
VL 9
AR 700546
DI 10.3389/feart.2021.700546
SC Geology
UT WOS:000674471400001
ER

PT J
AU Song, KY
   Oh, HJ
   Choi, J
   Park, I
   Lee, C
   Lee, S
AF Song, Kyo-Young
   Oh, Hyun-Joo
   Choi, Jaewon
   Park, Inhye
   Lee, Changwook
   Lee, Saro
TI Prediction of landslides using ASTER imagery and data mining models
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; ASTER; ANN; ANFIS; GIS
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; FUZZY INFERENCE
   SYSTEM; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT;
   CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   GIS
AB The aim of this study was to identify landslide-related factors using only remotely sensed data and to present landslide susceptibility maps using a geographic information system, data-mining models, an artificial neural network (ANN), and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS). Landslide-related factors were identified in Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite imagery. The slope, aspect, and curvature of topographic features were calculated from a digital elevation model that was made using the ASTER imagery. Lineaments, land-cover, and normalized difference vegetative index layers were also extracted from the imagery. Landslide-susceptible areas were analyzed and mapped based on occurrence factors using the ANN and ANFIS. The generalized bell-shaped built-in membership function of the ANFIS was applied to landslide susceptibility mapping. Analytical results were validated using landslide test location data. In the validation results, the ANN model showed 80.42% prediction accuracy and the ANFIS model showed 86.55% prediction accuracy. These results suggest that the ANFIS model has a better performance than does the ANN in predicting landslide susceptibility. (C) 2011 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lee, Saro] KIGAM, Geosci Informat Ctr, 124 Gwahang No, Taejon 305350, South Korea.
   [Song, Kyo-Young] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources KIGAM, Geol Mapping Grp, Taejon 305350, South Korea.
   [Oh, Hyun-Joo] KIGAM, Dept Overseas Mineral Resource, Taejon 305350, South Korea.
   [Choi, Jaewon] Natl Disaster Management Inst, Geospatial Anal & Evaluat Ctr, Seoul 121719, South Korea.
   [Park, Inhye; Lee, Changwook] Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Seoul 130743, South Korea.
C3 Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM); Korea
   Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM); Korea Institute of
   Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM); University of Seoul
RP Lee, S (corresponding author), KIGAM, Geosci Informat Ctr, 124 Gwahang No, Taejon 305350, South Korea.
EM leesaro@kigam.re.kr
TC 36
Z9 39
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
EI 1879-1948
PD MAR 1
PY 2012
VL 49
IS 5
BP 978
EP 993
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2011.11.035
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
UT WOS:000301610600015
ER

PT J
AU Huangfu, WC
   Qiu, HJ
   Cui, P
   Yang, DD
   Liu, Y
   Tang, BZ
   Liu, ZJ
   Ullah, M
AF Huangfu, Wenchao
   Qiu, Haijun
   Cui, Peng
   Yang, Dongdong
   Liu, Ya
   Tang, Bingzhe
   Liu, Zijing
   Ullah, Mohib
TI Quick and automatic detection of co-seismic landslides with
   multi-feature deep learning model
SO SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Co-seismic landslide; Automatic detection; Deep learning; Landslide gain
   index; PlanetScope images
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; RANDOM FOREST; SEGMENTATION;
   CLASSIFIER; CHALLENGES
AB Co-seismic landslide detection is essential for post-disaster rescue and risk assessment after an earthquake event. However, a variety of ground objects, including roads and bare land, have spectral characteristics similar to those of co-seismic landslides, making it difficult to gather information and assess their impact rapidly and accurately. Therefore, an automatic detection method based on a deep learning model, named ENVINet5, with multiple features (ENVINet5_MF) was proposed to solve this problem and improve the detection accuracy of co-seismic landslides. The ENVINet5_MF method is advantageous for co-seismic landslide detection because it features a landslide gain index (LGI) that effectively eliminates the spectral interference of bare land and roads. We conducted two experiments using multi-temporal PlanetScope images acquired in Hokkaido, Japan, and Mainling, China. The accuracy evaluation and rationality analysis show that ENVINet5_MF performed better than comparative methods and that the co-seismic landslide areas detected by ENVINet5_MF were the most consistent with ground reference data. The findings of this study suggest that ENVINet5_MF can provide an efficient and accurate method for coseismic landslide detection to ensure a rapid response to co-seismic landslide disasters.
C1 [Huangfu, Wenchao; Qiu, Haijun; Yang, Dongdong; Liu, Ya; Tang, Bingzhe; Liu, Zijing; Ullah, Mohib] Northwest Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Qiu, Haijun; Tang, Bingzhe] Northwest Univ, Shaanxi Key Lab Earth Surface Syst & Environm Carr, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.
   [Huangfu, Wenchao; Qiu, Haijun; Yang, Dongdong; Liu, Ya; Tang, Bingzhe; Liu, Zijing] Northwest Univ, Inst Earth Surface Syst & Hazards, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.
C3 Northwest University Xi'an; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Northwest University Xi'an;
   Northwest University Xi'an
RP Qiu, HJ (corresponding author), Northwest Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.; Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Qiu, HJ (corresponding author), Northwest Univ, Shaanxi Key Lab Earth Surface Syst & Environm Carr, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.; Qiu, HJ (corresponding author), Northwest Univ, Inst Earth Surface Syst & Hazards, Xian 710127, Peoples R China.
EM haijunqiu@nwu.edu.cn; pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 7
Z9 8
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-7313
EI 1869-1897
PD JUL
PY 2024
VL 67
IS 7
SI SI
BP 2311
EP 2325
DI 10.1007/s11430-023-1306-8
EA JUN 2024
SC Geology
UT WOS:001252321700003
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, SS
   Li, WL
   Lu, HY
   Xu, Z
   Yu, WL
   Xu, SM
   Zhang, P
   Wei, CH
   Li, YS
   Wang, DF
   Zhan, WW
   Xu, Q
AF Zhou, Shengsen
   Li, Weile
   Lu, Huiyan
   Xu, Zhou
   Yu, Wenlong
   Xu, Shanmiao
   Zhang, Pan
   Wei, Chunhao
   Li, Yusen
   Wang, Defu
   Zhan, Weiwei
   Xu, Qiang
TI Preliminary analysis of a slow-moving high-locality landslide in the
   Zagunao River Basin, Sichuan Province, China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Bulan landslide; SBAS-InSAR; Optical satellite image; Retrogressive
   failure; Slope evolution
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU; SURFACE DEFORMATION;
   XINMO LANDSLIDE; FAILURE; EVOLUTION; SAR; INTERFEROMETRY; HAZARDS;
   EROSION
AB The Bulan landslide, located in the Zagunao River Basin, Sichuan Province, China, is a typical slow-moving, high-locality landslide that poses ongoing risks to nearby infrastructure and communities. This study investigates its morphology, structural features, long-term deformation, and driving mechanisms through a combination of optical image interpretation, Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) monitoring, and detailed field investigations. Both optical and InSAR data reveal persistent surface displacement over multiple years, providing compelling evidence of progressive instability. The deformation pattern, supported by remote sensing and geological interpretation, indicates a retrogressive failure process. The landslide's development is attributed to the combined effects of long-term gravitational unloading, seismic activity, and anthropogenic modifications such as land leveling and irrigation. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of multi-source remote sensing in capturing the spatiotemporal evolution of landslides and underscore the need for integrated ground-based monitoring to enhance early warning and disaster mitigation efforts.
C1 [Zhou, Shengsen; Li, Weile; Lu, Huiyan; Xu, Zhou; Yu, Wenlong; Xu, Shanmiao; Zhang, Pan; Wei, Chunhao; Li, Yusen; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Zhou] 11th Geol Brigade Sichuan, Dazhou 635006, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Defu] Minist Nat Resource, Geoinformat Mapping Inst 3, Chengdu 610100, Peoples R China.
   [Zhan, Weiwei] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32826 USA.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; State University System of Florida;
   University of Central Florida
RP Li, WL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM liweile08@mail.cdut.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD OCT 24
PY 2025
VL 84
IS 11
AR 532
DI 10.1007/s10064-025-04572-w
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001599614900004
ER

PT J
AU Li, WC
   Deng, G
   Cao, W
   Xu, C
   Chen, J
   Lee, ML
AF Li, Wei Chao
   Deng, Gang
   Cao, Wen
   Xu, Chong
   Chen, Jian
   Lee, Min Lee
TI Discrete element modeling of the Hongshiyan landslide triggered by the
   2014 Ms 6.5 Ludian earthquake in Yunnan, China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Earthquake-triggered landslide; Landslide dam; Discrete element method;
   Kinematic behavior; Hongshiyan landslide; Ludian Earthquake
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; COSEISMIC LANDSLIDES; ROCK
   AVALANCHE; 2005 KASHMIR; FAILURE; RUPTURE; LUSHAN; STABILITY; TECTONICS
AB The Hongshiyan landslide was triggered by the Ms 6.5 Ludian earthquake in 2014 with more than 1200 x 10(4) m(3) of rocks displaced. The landslide deposited entirely on the valley floor, and the landslide dam was eventually converted to a hydraulic structure for a permanent disposal. Despite the importance of material compositions to the slope stability and internal stability of a landslide dam, it was practically not viable and costly to explore the deeply buried materials in field. A 2D discrete element modeling (PFC2D code) was performed in this study to investigate the kinematic behavior of the Hongshiyan landslide. The study aims to provide insights into the material compositions of the landslide dam for future stability evaluations. The simulation results showed that for the landslide sitting in a deep V-shaped valley with constrained movement and steep slip surface gradient, the kinematic behavior was more sensitive to the bond strength (strength of intact rock mass) than the residual friction coefficient (residual friction of detached rock mass). The simulation results also suggested that the rock blocks were scarcely decomposed during sliding, as the material compositions of the landslide dam was primarily controlled by the development of joints and fissures prior to the failure.
C1 [Li, Wei Chao; Deng, Gang] State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Wei Chao; Deng, Gang] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Dept Geotech Engn, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
   [Cao, Wen] Tianjin Urban Construct Design Inst, Tianjin 300122, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Jian] China Univ Geosci Beijing, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Lee, Min Lee] Univ Nottingham Malaysia, Fac Sci & Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Selangor 43500, Malaysia.
C3 China Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Research; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China University
   of Geosciences; University of Nottingham Malaysia
RP Li, WC (corresponding author), State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.; Li, WC (corresponding author), China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Dept Geotech Engn, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
EM liwc@iwhr.com
TC 23
Z9 29
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD AUG
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 16
AR 520
DI 10.1007/s12665-019-8438-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000481406000001
ER

PT J
AU Lin, QG
   Wang, Y
   Liu, TX
   Zhu, YQ
   Sui, Q
AF Lin, Qigen
   Wang, Ying
   Liu, Tianxue
   Zhu, Yingqi
   Sui, Qi
TI The Vulnerability of People to Landslides: A Case Study on the
   Relationship between the Casualties and Volume of Landslides in China
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
DT Article
DE landslide; vulnerability; casualties; volume; uncertainty; China
ID EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; REINFORCED-CONCRETE BUILDINGS;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; HAZARD; MODELS; SLIDES; PROBABILITY
AB The lack of a detailed landslide inventory makes research on the vulnerability of people to landslides highly limited. In this paper, the authors collect information on the landslides that have caused casualties in China, and established the Landslides Casualties Inventory of China. 100 landslide cases from 2003 to 2012 were utilized to develop an empirical relationship between the volume of a landslide event and the casualties caused by the occurrence of the event. The error bars were used to describe the uncertainty of casualties resulting from landslides and to establish a threshold curve of casualties caused by landslides in China. The threshold curve was then applied to the landslide cases occurred in 2013 and 2014. The validation results show that the estimated casualties of the threshold curve were in good agreement with the real casualties with a small deviation. Therefore, the threshold curve can be used for estimating potential casualties and landslide vulnerability, which is meaningful for emergency rescue operations after landslides occurred and for risk assessment research.
C1 [Lin, Qigen; Wang, Ying; Liu, Tianxue; Zhu, Yingqi; Sui, Qi] Minist Educ, Beijing Normal Univ, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Lin, Qigen; Wang, Ying; Liu, Tianxue; Zhu, Yingqi; Sui, Qi] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University
RP Wang, Y (corresponding author), Minist Educ, Beijing Normal Univ, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.; Wang, Y (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM linqigen@mail.bnu.edu.cn; wy@bnu.edu.cn; liutianxue@mail.bnu.edu.cn;
   Zhuyingqi@mail.bnu.edu.cn; suiqi@mail.bnu.edu.cn
TC 29
Z9 36
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1660-4601
PD FEB
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 2
AR 212
DI 10.3390/ijerph14020212
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
UT WOS:000395467900104
ER

PT J
AU Liu, B
   Han, SY
   Gong, H
   Zhou, ZL
   Zhang, D
AF Liu, Bin
   Han, Suyue
   Gong, Hao
   Zhou, Zhongli
   Zhang, Di
TI Disaster resilience assessment based on the spatial and temporal
   aggregation effects of earthquake-induced hazards
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Aggregation effect; Disaster resilience; Earthquake-induced hazards;
   Earthquake-stricken areas; Post-earthquake reconstruction
ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; COMMUNITY RESILIENCE;
   TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; RISK; NETWORKS; SLOPE; MODEL
AB Since the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, frequent geologic hazards along the Longmenshan fault zone have had significant impacts on the socioeconomic conditions in the earthquake-stricken areas. Therefore, from the perspective of earthquake-induced hazards, this paper focuses on analyzing the change rules of disaster resilience under the spatial and temporal aggregation effects of earthquake-induced hazards, and this analysis provides an important basis for understanding the developmental characteristics of earthquake-induced hazards and disaster prevention, and mitigation after earthquakes. This paper takes Wenchuan County as an example. By collecting the 2008-2018 landslide geological hazards data, the global autocorrelation coefficient and local autocorrelation coefficient are adopted to analyze the temporal trends and spatial patterns of earthquake-induced hazards. At the same time, from the socioeconomic perspective, two disaster resilience indexes, the compatibility coefficient of industrial and employment structure and per capita GDP growth rate, were constructed to analyze the disaster resilience under the spatial and temporal aggregation effect of landslide geological hazards. The results show that, on the temporal trend, the temporal aggregation effect of earthquake-induced hazards has periodically decayed with time; in the spatial distribution, the spatial clustering effect as a whole increases first and then decreases, and the scope of the aggregation effect tends to narrow spatially. Disaster resilience (H-xy and R-GDP) showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and could not recover to the level before the earthquake in 2017, indicating that Wenchuan County was greatly affected by earthquake-induced hazards in the post-earthquake reconstruction process.
C1 [Liu, Bin; Han, Suyue; Gong, Hao; Zhou, Zhongli; Zhang, Di] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Bin; Han, Suyue; Gong, Hao; Zhou, Zhongli] Geomath Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Han, SY (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Han, SY (corresponding author), Geomath Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM hansycdut@163.com
TC 18
Z9 19
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0944-1344
EI 1614-7499
PD AUG
PY 2020
VL 27
IS 23
BP 29055
EP 29067
DI 10.1007/s11356-020-09281-3
EA MAY 2020
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000533844900012
ER

PT J
AU Yu, B
   Chen, F
AF Yu, Bo
   Chen, Fang
TI Large-scale landslide detection for practical use based on image
   saliency
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslide detection; image saliency; remote sense; Landsat8
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SATELLITE IMAGES; MORPHOLOGY
AB This paper presents a practical method for landslide detection, using single-temporal Landsat8 image at a spatial resolution of 30 m, which is publicly available. The method introduces the concept "saliency" to express potential landslide regions in the image. Based on the saliency calculations, landslides are further extracted by object-based contours using morphological operations. The experimental area covers 2 deg x 2deg, which is more practical for most cases, and the performance validates the efficiency and robustness of this method in practical applications. The overall accuracy in terms of landslide/background classification reaches 99.87%, indicating the proposed method is viable. Even though the commission error and omission error of the detected landslides are both above 50%, the proposed method is able to remove similar to 99.9% background, thus reducing manual interpretation to a large extent. Moreover, since it does not need training data or many experienced parameters, it is much easier to be applied to other cases. This paper moves forward a step in landslide detection toward practical applications, such as emergency response. (C) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
C1 [Yu, Bo; Chen, Fang] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, 9 Dengzhuang South Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Fang] Chinese Acad Sci, Hainan Key Lab Earth Observat, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, 6 Heitu Village, Tianya Town 572029, Sanya, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing
   & Digital Earth, CAS
RP Chen, F (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, 9 Dengzhuang South Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.; Chen, F (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Hainan Key Lab Earth Observat, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, 6 Heitu Village, Tianya Town 572029, Sanya, Peoples R China.
EM chenfang_group@163.com
TC 2
Z9 3
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1931-3195
PD NOV 5
PY 2016
VL 10
AR 045013
DI 10.1117/1.JRS.10.045013
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000397625900001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, SH
   Lin, CW
   Tseng, CM
AF Liu, Shou-Heng
   Lin, Ching-Weei
   Tseng, Chih-Ming
TI A statistical model for the impact of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the
   subsequent rainfall-induced landslides
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Chi-Chi earthquake; Landslide; Daily precipitation; Genetic algorithm
ID TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEDIMENT YIELD; DEBRIS FLOWS;
   LOMA-PRIETA; PREDICTION; HAZARDS; EVENT
AB A statistical model is proposed for the temporal impact of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the subsequent rainfall-induced new landslides in the Choushui River Watershed of Central Taiwan. Based on daily precipitation records from 1996 to 2008 and the landslide inventories obtained from satellite images taken in this period, the parameters of the model functions were obtained by genetic algorithm. The proposed model estimates new-landslide density from daily precipitation with an average error of 13.91% to the variation analysis result from landslide inventory over 15 image dates. The model estimation reveals a continuously decaying pattern of earthquake impact on the subsequent rainfall-induced new landslides, an average daily 0.004 parts per thousand, background new-landslide density, and a 4.97 parts per thousand new-landslide density caused by the earthquake directly within the study area. Also, the model suggests that there are impacts and latency of antecedent precipitation among the occurrence of new landslides. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Liu, Shou-Heng; Lin, Ching-Weei] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
   [Tseng, Chih-Ming] Chang Jung Christian Univ, Dept Land Management & Dev, Tainan, Taiwan.
C3 National Cheng Kung University; Chang Jung Christian University
RP Lin, CW (corresponding author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 1 Ta Hsueh Rd, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
EM chingwee@mail.ncku.edu.tw
TC 20
Z9 27
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD APR 1
PY 2013
VL 156
BP 11
EP 19
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.01.005
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000317872500002
ER

PT J
AU Liu, XW
   Chen, Q
   Zhao, JJ
   Xu, Q
   Luo, R
   Zhang, YJ
   Yang, YH
   Liu, GX
AF Liu, Xianwen
   Chen, Qiang
   Zhao, Jingjing
   Xu, Qian
   Luo, Rong
   Zhang, Yijun
   Yang, Yinghui
   Liu, Guoxiang
TI The spatial response pattern of coseismic landslides induced by the 2008
   Wenchuan earthquake to the surface deformation and Coulomb stress change
   revealed from InSAR observations
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
DT Article
DE SAR data fusion; Wenchuan earthquake; Coseismic landslides; Coseismic
   surface deformation; Spatial pattern
ID INDUCED DISPLACEMENTS; MODEL; CHINA; SLIP; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INVERSION;
   SHAKING; SHEAR; PARAMETERS; INVENTORY
AB The 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake triggered plenty of coseismic giant landslides, which resulted in almost one third of total fatalities and economic losses during the event. Previous studies investigated the spatial relations between landslide distribution and topographic and seismic factors such as elevation, slope aspect, distance from rupture trace and seismic intensity. However, few studies are performed exploring the effects of coseismic surface deformation and Coulomb stress change on triggering landslides due to lack of adequate deformation observation data and stress calculation model for slope failure. In this study, we develop an envelope method to map an entire coseismic deformation field in both near- and far-field areas of seismic faults through the data fusion from InSAR and pixel offset-tracking (POT) techniques. The change in static Coulomb stress (SCS) acting on coseismic landsliding surface caused by the event is determined using the faulting model derived from the joint inversion of InSAR and GPS data, and also with the use of the elastic half-space dislocation theory and the generalized Hook's law. The analysis suggests the spatial response pattern of seismic landslides to the coseismic ground motion and stress change, especially in the vicinity of fault rupture trace. The landslide density dramatically rises with the stress increase within the range from Yingxiu to Beichuan areas along the major surface rupture. Moving further and eastward along the fault strike, most of large landslides are triggered as the zone of positive SCS change narrows. Moreover, the high-magnitude surface displacements are possibly responsible for the giant landsliding events in the easternmost section. From the analysis of the stress transfer, the occurrence of landslides in the study area is largely controlled by the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault with overwhelming rupture length and fault slip, yet the Pengguan fault indeed shows dominance in the area between the two faults. The results show that coseismic surface deformation (derived from InSAR data in this study) and static Coulomb stress change can serve as two significant controlling factors on seismic landslide distribution and that the stress factor seems more significant in the vicinity of surface rupture.
C1 [Liu, Xianwen; Chen, Qiang; Zhao, Jingjing; Xu, Qian; Luo, Rong; Zhang, Yijun; Yang, Yinghui; Liu, Guoxiang] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Remote Sensing & Geoinformat Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Chen, Q (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Remote Sensing & Geoinformat Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM qchen@swjtu.edu.cn
TC 6
Z9 7
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1569-8432
EI 1872-826X
PD MAY
PY 2020
VL 87
AR 102030
DI 10.1016/j.jag.2019.102030
SC Remote Sensing
UT WOS:000516885700014
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, HX
   Yao, LK
   Wang, BL
   Ali, S
AF Zhao, Haixin
   Yao, Lingkan
   Wang, Baoliang
   Ali, Sarfraz
TI Surge Waves Under Earthquake and Clastic Flow Landslide
SO JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
DT Article
DE Surge; earthquake; clastic flow landslide; combined
ID NONLINEAR HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURES; IMPULSE WAVES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   RESERVOIRS; GENERATION; DAMS
AB This paper primarily investigates the surge wave of the barrier lake during an earthquake and clastic flow landslide simultaneously. Earthquakes can trigger clastic flow landslides with strong mobility enabling them to move a significant distance underwater. However, there have been few studies on the simultaneous superposition of seismic surge and clastic flow landslide until this study. First, we designed an experiment to analyze the influence of landslide motion under surging water; then, we investigated the effects of the clastic flow landslide and earthquake on the variation of surge wave height, with large-scale shaking table water tank model experiments. The experimental variables included the initial water depth, peak ground acceleration, landslide impact velocity, and landslide volume. According to the experimental results, we analyzed the maximum wave height under the combined action of an earthquake and clastic flow landslide. Furthermore, we defined a reduction factor of the seismic surge and put forward an equation to predict the reduction factor by means of dimensionless multiple linear fitting analysis. Finally, we present a method for calculating the maximum wave height of the combined surge during both an earthquake and clastic flow landslide using the reduction factor and provide a case to verify the reliability of the formula. Our study could provide the basis for the analysis of the burst of the barrier lake.
C1 [Zhao, Haixin; Yao, Lingkan; Wang, Baoliang] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yao, Lingkan] MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yao, Lingkan] Natl Engn Lab Technol Geol Disaster Prevent Land, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ali, Sarfraz] NUST Coll Civil Engn, Risalpur Campus, Risalpur, Pakistan.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; National University of Sciences &
   Technology - Pakistan
RP Yao, LK (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Yao, LK (corresponding author), MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Yao, LK (corresponding author), Natl Engn Lab Technol Geol Disaster Prevent Land, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM zhaohaixin@my.swjtu.edu.cn; yaolk@swjtu.edu.cn;
   blwang0516@my.swjtu.edu.cn; sarfrazaliengr@gmail.com
TC 3
Z9 3
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 1793-4311
EI 1793-7116
PD SEP
PY 2018
VL 12
IS 3
AR 1850009
DI 10.1142/S1793431118500094
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering
UT WOS:000441395800004
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Su, LJ
   Xu, Q
   Li, WL
   Xu, C
   Wang, YS
AF Zhao, Bo
   Su, Lijun
   Xu, Qiang
   Li, Weile
   Xu, Chong
   Wang, Yunsheng
TI A review of recent earthquake-induced landslides on the Tibetan Plateau
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
DT Article
DE Seismic landslide; Tibetan Plateau; Inventory; Spatial and size
   distribution; Movement; Dam; Susceptibility; Postseismic evolution
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 2015 GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; POSTSEISMIC DEBRIS
   FLOWS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLD; BALA
   ROCK AVALANCHE; LOWER CRUSTAL FLOW; KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; LUSHAN
   EARTHQUAKE; JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE
AB Earthquake-induced landslides, also called seismic landslides (SLs), are some of the most catastrophic natural hazards on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). They have frequently caused disastrous impacts on human society but are also important driving forces in regional evolution. The rapid development of multiple advanced techniques and more relevant studies have contributed to much progress in understanding SLs, but a synoptic survey that combines the insights of related studies to build a comprehensive understanding of SLs on the Tibetan Plateau is currently lacking. Here, we adopt recent SLs triggered by the 2005 Kashmir (Mw 7.6), 2008 Wenchuan (Mw 7.9), 2010 Yushu (Mw 6.9), 2013 Lushan (Mw 6.6), 2013 Minxian (Mw 5.5), 2015 Gorkha (Mw 7.8), 2017 Jiuzhaigou (Mw 6.5), 2017 Nyingchi (Mw 6.5), 2022 Lushan (Mw 5.8) and 2022 Luding (Mw 6.6) earthquakes on the TP to overview some advances in data preparation, spatial patterns and controls, landslide patterns and causes, movement and landslide damming, susceptibility, and long-term evolution. The study first summarizes worldwide seismic events that have triggered SLs since 2000 to confirm the TP is a SL-prone area and points out detailed SL-prone tectonic blocks on the TP. Based on landslide inventories of 10 adopted events, the study investigates the SL spatial distribution and finds tectonic and geomorphic controls of SL distribution. The landslide inventories also help us confirm the relationships of landslide sizes (SL number, SL area and SL volume) and magnitudes. Next, we summarize the landslide patterns and possible failure causes and highlight that seismic amplification could play an important role for SL occurrence on steep mountains. We use two important indicators, namely, landslide mobility (H/L) and landslide velocity, to reveal SL movement characteristics; we analyze the characteristics of SL damming, dam breaks and outburst floods; we analyze the SL susceptibility process and propose the most common landslide controlling factors (altitude, slope, PGA, seismogenic faults, rivers and stratigraphy) for SL susceptibility; we analyze postseismic evolution using two important indicators, namely, landslide activity and debris flow activity. Finally, we compare the results with other earthquakes worldwide and find that the TP is more sensitive to SLs; SL distribution laws of other worldwide seismic events are not fully consistent with those of the TP, including few seismic liquefaction landslides occur on the TP, while it is common for coastal earthquakes, and SLs on the TP require longer recovery periods.
C1 [Zhao, Bo; Su, Lijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Bo; Su, Lijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang; Li, Weile; Wang, Yunsheng] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Lijun] China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan.
   [Su, Lijun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,
   CAS
RP Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM sulijun1976@163.com
TC 60
Z9 66
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
EI 1872-6828
PD SEP
PY 2023
VL 244
AR 104534
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104534
EA AUG 2023
SC Geology
UT WOS:001059170100001
ER

PT J
AU Huang, D
   Song, YX
   Cen, DF
   Fu, GY
AF Huang, Da
   Song, Yixiang
   Cen, Duofeng
   Fu, Guoyang
TI Numerical Modeling of Earthquake-Induced Landslide Using an Improved
   Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Considering Dynamic Friction
   Degradation of Joints
SO ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Discontinuous deformation analysis; Earthquake-induced landslide;
   Dynamic friction degradation; Friction coefficient; Joint
ID ERH-SHAN LANDSLIDE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCK JOINTS; ASPERITY
   DEGRADATION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; STABILITY ANALYSIS; DISPLACEMENT; DDA;
   FAILURE; SLOPES
AB Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) as an efficient technique has been extensively applied in the dynamic simulation of discontinuous rock mass. In the original DDA (ODDA), the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is employed as the judgment principle of failure between contact blocks, and the friction coefficient is assumed to be constant in the whole calculation process. However, it has been confirmed by a host of shear tests that the dynamic friction of rock joints degrades. Therefore, the friction coefficient should be gradually reduced during the numerical simulation of an earthquake-induced rockslide. In this paper, based on the experimental results of cyclic shear tests on limestone joints, exponential regression formulas are fitted for dynamic friction degradation, which is a function of the relative velocity, the amplitude of cyclic shear displacement and the number of its cycles between blocks with an edge-to-edge contact. Then, an improved DDA (IDDA) is developed by implementing the fitting regression formulas and a modified removing technique of joint cohesion, in which the cohesion is removed once the 'sliding' or 'open' state between blocks appears for the first time, into the ODDA. The IDDA is first validated by comparing with the theoretical solutions of the kinematic behaviors of a sliding block on an inclined plane under dynamic loading. Then, the program is applied to model the Donghekou landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. The simulation results demonstrate that the dynamic friction degradation of joints has great influences on the runout and velocity of sliding mass. Moreover, the friction coefficient possesses higher impact than the cohesion of joints on the kinematic behaviors of the sliding mass.
C1 [Huang, Da; Song, Yixiang] Chongqing Univ, State Key Lab Coal Mine Disaster Dynam & Control, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Da; Song, Yixiang; Cen, Duofeng] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.
   [Fu, Guoyang] RMIT Univ, Sch Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia.
C3 Chongqing University; Chongqing University; Royal Melbourne Institute of
   Technology (RMIT)
RP Huang, D; Song, YX (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, State Key Lab Coal Mine Disaster Dynam & Control, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.; Huang, D; Song, YX (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.
EM hdcqy@126.com; syxdlut2010@163.com
TC 36
Z9 39
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI WIEN
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA
SN 0723-2632
EI 1434-453X
PD DEC
PY 2016
VL 49
IS 12
BP 4767
EP 4786
DI 10.1007/s00603-016-1056-3
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000389611500013
ER

PT J
AU Lei, XH
   Zhang, SJ
   Yang, HJ
   Wei, FQ
AF Lei, Xiaohu
   Zhang, Shaojie
   Yang, Hongjuan
   Wei, Fangqiang
TI A sediment influx-outflux-accommodation composite index-based method for
   estimating sediment storage in debris flow channels
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Debris flow deposit materials; Sediment influx-outflux-accommodation
   index; Sediment materials distribution along channels; Deposit materials
   estimation model; Channel bed deposits; Debris flow provenance materials
ID BED-LOAD TRANSPORT; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INITIATION; MAGNITUDE; RUNOFF;
   CONNECTIVITY; LANDSCAPE; EQUATIONS; RAINFALL; SIZE
AB The distribution of the sediment material storage quantity along the debris flow channels (SMSQ_DFC) can provide a foundation for runoff-generated debris flow prediction or susceptibility assessment. Current models for estimating SMSQ_DFC do not consider the capacity of the channel cross-section to accommodate sediment materials. This accommodation condition serves as a limiting factor in determining whether the expected surplus of sediment materials can ultimately be stored. To address this issue, a mass-conservative index was used to represent the balance of deposit materials at any cross-section, considering the influx from upstream, outflux to downstream, and accommodation capacity. Based on this index, a new model for estimating SMSQ_DFC was developed and subsequently evaluated. The evaluation results show that the model meets the accuracy requirements with average error rates of 14.06% for self-validation and 14.81% for generalization ability validation. To assess its practical applications, the model was applied to the Yeniu Gully in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, an area with detailed field survey data. The results show that the model exhibits a commendable performance. Compared to traditional theoretical and semi-theoretical statistical models, our model is easier to use (input parameters can be obtained using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)). The modeling parameters chosen in this study have more theoretical significance than those used in existing purely statistical models, offering more effective technical support for estimating SMSQ_DFC.
C1 [Lei, Xiaohu] Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Sch River & Ocean Engn, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.
   [Lei, Xiaohu; Zhang, Shaojie; Yang, Hongjuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Lei, Xiaohu; Wei, Fangqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Chongqing Inst Green & Intelligent Technol, Chongqing Sch, Chongqing 400714, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing Jiaotong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Chongqing Institute of Green & Intelligent Technology, CAS; University
   of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Zhang, SJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Wei, FQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Chongqing Inst Green & Intelligent Technol, Chongqing Sch, Chongqing 400714, Peoples R China.
EM leixiaohu@cigit.ac.cn; sj-zhang@imde.ac.cn; yanghj@imde.ac.cn;
   fqwei@cigit.ac.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUN
PY 2025
VL 22
IS 6
BP 1889
EP 1911
DI 10.1007/s11629-024-9286-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001509181800014
ER

PT J
AU Li, B
   Ran, JH
   Yue, BS
   Zhang, M
   Wu, YJ
AF Li, Bo
   Ran, Jianghong
   Yue, Bisong
   Zhang, Man
   Wu, Yongjie
TI Non-volant Small Mammals in Landslides Caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake
   in a Fragmented Forest of Sichuan, China
SO PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
DT Article
DE Non-volant small mammal; landslide; disturbance; vegetation recovery;
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID HABITAT STRUCTURE; SPECIES POOL; POPULATIONS; FIRE; COMMUNITIES;
   DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY; RESPONSES; LEVEL
AB Landslides caused by the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquakes had brought extensive habitat changes in the montane region. Until now, little is known about the non-volant small mammals in landslide disturbed areas. In this study, we compared the non-volant small mammal communities between seismic landslides and undisturbed areas in a broadleaved deciduous forest in the Longxi-Hongkou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China. Our goals were to understand the response Of non-volant small mammal communities to landslide disturbance, and to explore the effect of vegetation recovery and source populations of non-volant small mammals on the recovery process of small mammal communities in landslides. Pitfall traps were set to capture non-volant small mammals in landslides and control sites from April 2,010 to January 2014. Vegetation covers were visually estimated along with each small mammal trapping period. Our results showed that the relative abundance of non-volant small mammal communities in landslides were significantly lower than these in control sites. Shannon-Weiner diversity indices were higher in landslides. The relative abundance and species richness of non-volant small mammal communities in landslides were positively significantly correlated with non-volant small mammal communities in control sites, as well as the herb covers in landslides (P<0.05). We concluded that non-volant small mammals could recolonize in landslides soon after seismic landslides, but the communities were highly variable and still need more time to recover. The recovery of herb layer in landslides and source populations in undisturbed areas played important roles in promoting the recovery of non-volant small mammal communities in landslides.
C1 [Li, Bo; Ran, Jianghong; Yue, Bisong; Zhang, Man; Wu, Yongjie] Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Bioresources & Ecoenvironm, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University
RP Ran, JH (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Bioresources & Ecoenvironm, 24 South Sect 1,Yihuan Rd, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM rjhong-01@163.com
TC 6
Z9 6
PU ZOOLOGICAL SOC PAKISTAN
PI LAHORE
PA UNIV PUNJAB, NEW CAMPUS, C/O DEPT ZOOLOGY, LAHORE, PAKISTAN
SN 0030-9923
PD APR
PY 2015
VL 47
IS 2
BP 535
EP 544
SC Zoology
UT WOS:000354344200030
ER

PT J
AU Yang, HL
   Pei, Z
   He, ZH
   Lei, J
   Xia, XT
AF Yang, Hailong
   Pei, Zuan
   He, Zhihao
   Lei, Jin
   Xia, Xiaotian
TI An empirical model for the travel distance prediction of deflection-type
   rock avalanches in the wenchuan earthquake area
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE rock avalanche; deflection-type; travel distance; empirical model; local
   topography
ID LANDSLIDE; DEBRIS; DYNAMICS; BEICHUAN; SICHUAN; CHINA; ANGLE
AB Travel distance is a significant indicator for evaluating the mobility of rock avalanches and is usually used to identify the approximate delineation of potentially endangered regions. The deflection-type rock avalanche is a typical laterally confined rock avalanche and is characterized by obvious changes in the travel path. In this study, we selected deflection-type rock avalanches that occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake area as the research object and statistically analyzed 54 rock avalanches collected from the literature. Multiple linear regression of the logarithm of the ratio of slope height to travel distance (h/L) versus the logarithm of other parameters was developed to obtain a best-fit empirical model for the travel distance prediction of deflection-type rock avalanches. The validity of the proposed empirical model was verified by the satisfactory agreement between observations and predictions. Moreover, the sensitivity of local topographic parameters on the mobility of deflection-type rock avalanches is also discussed using regression analysis.
C1 [Yang, Hailong; Pei, Zuan; Lei, Jin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [He, Zhihao] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Management, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Xia, Xiaotian] Northwest Bur China Met Geol Bur, Xian, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Xihua University
RP Pei, Z (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM peizuan@cdut.edu.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD SEP 23
PY 2022
VL 10
AR 944549
DI 10.3389/feart.2022.944549
SC Geology
UT WOS:000869435000001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
TI Controlling parameter analyses and hazard mapping for
   earthquake-triggered landslides: an example from a square region in
   Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China
SO ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; Landslides; Statistical analysis;
   Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Landslide area percentage;
   Landslide number density; Landslide hazard mapping
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS;
   PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE; NIIGATA PREFECTURE; MID-NIIGATA; FUZZY-LOGIC;
   ROCK FALLS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GIS
AB On May 12, 2008, at 1428 hours (Beijing time), a catastrophic earthquake, with a magnitude of Ms 8.0, struck the Sichuan Province, China. About 200,000 landslides, as a secondary geological hazard associated with the earthquake, were triggered over a broad area. These landslides were of almost all types such as shallow, disrupted landslides, rock falls, deep-seated landslides, and rock avalanches. Some of these landslides damaged and destroyed large part of some towns, blocked roads, dammed rivers, and caused other serious damages. The purpose of this study is to detect correlations between landslide occurrence and the surface rupture plane, ground shaking conditions (measured by peak ground acceleration, PGA), lithology, slope gradient, slope aspect, topographic position, and distance from drainages by using two indices, landslide area percentage (LAP) and the landslide number density (LND), based on geographic information system (GIS) technology and statistical analysis method in a square region (study area) of Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China. There were 5,096 landslides related with the earthquake which were delineated by visual interpretation and selected field checking throughout the study area. The total area (horizontal projection) of the 5,096 landslides is about 41.103 km(2). The LAP, which is defined as the percentage of the plane area affected by landslides, was 10.276 %, and the LND, means the number of landslides per square kilometers, was 12.74 landslides/km(2). Statistical analysis results show that both LAP and LND have a positive correlation with slope gradient and a negative correlation with distance from the surface rupture. However, the correlation between the occurrence of landslides with PGA, topographic position, and distance from drainages are uncertain, or has just a little positive correlation. The correlation between landslide and slope aspect also shows the effect of the directivity of the seismic wave. The Zbq formation had the most concentrated landslide activity with the LND value of 21.78 landslides/km (,) (2) and the a(1) q Gr. geological units had the highest LAP value. Furthermore, weight index (W (i)) model is performed with a GIS platform to derive landslide hazard index map. The success rate of the model was 71.615 % and, thus, it was valid. In addition, comparison of five landslide controlling parameters' influence on landslide occurrences was also carried out.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 27
Z9 30
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1866-7511
EI 1866-7538
PD OCT
PY 2013
VL 6
IS 10
BP 3827
EP 3839
DI 10.1007/s12517-012-0646-y
SC Geology
UT WOS:000324320400018
ER

PT J
AU Vershel, R
   Sutton, J
   Stanley, T
   Amatya, P
   Kirschbaum, D
AF Vershel, Rachel (Soobitsky)
   Sutton, Jessica
   Stanley, Thomas
   Amatya, Pukar
   Kirschbaum, Dalia
TI Open Inventories of Rainfall-Triggered Landslides
SO GEOSCIENCE DATA JOURNAL
DT Article
DE COOLR; landslide inventory; landslides; precipitation; satellite
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; OBJECT-BASED APPROACH; DATABASE
AB Landslide inventories support both post-event response and predictive model evaluation, but it remains challenging to create public, current, comprehensive and accurate landslide inventories. In response to this need, thousands of rainfall-triggered landslides were mapped and organised within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cooperative Open-Online Landslide Repository (COOLR), which contains over 11,000 landslide reports from the Global Landslide Catalogue. Recently, 22 inventories containing thousands of rainfall-triggered landslides have been added to COOLR, which was reorganised to better accommodate large landslide inventories. All the data are available on the 'Landslide Viewer' web application, which also shows referenced and imported landslide inventories from other researchers. The new inventories are each connected to a landslide-triggering rainfall event, and therefore their date of occurrence was usually known. Landslide events were found by searching through credible sources or due to an external request for support during a disaster response. In either case, high-resolution imagery was utilised to digitise the landslides in the region. The resulting data can be used for various purposes, such as model training and validation. To demonstrate their potential, satellite precipitation was analysed with reference to the new inventories. The precipitation analysis highlights the potential of daily satellite precipitation estimates in areas with limited ground precipitation observations. Some of the heavy precipitation events were underestimated, but many were captured and could inform future landslide hazard assessment.
C1 [Vershel, Rachel (Soobitsky)] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, HBG, Greenbelt, MD 20706 USA.
   [Vershel, Rachel (Soobitsky); Sutton, Jessica; Stanley, Thomas; Amatya, Pukar] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Sutton, Jessica; Stanley, Thomas; Amatya, Pukar] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GESTAR II, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Kirschbaum, Dalia] NASA, Earth Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
C3 Science Systems & Applications Inc; National Aeronautics & Space
   Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; University
   System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County; National
   Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight
   Center
RP Vershel, R (corresponding author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, HBG, Greenbelt, MD 20706 USA.; Vershel, R (corresponding author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM rachel.vershel@nasa.gov
TC 0
Z9 0
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 2049-6060
PD AUG 29
PY 2025
VL 12
IS 4
AR e70023
DI 10.1002/gdj3.70023
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
UT WOS:001561071800001
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZH
   Wu, YM
   Guo, CB
   Mai, XM
AF Yang, Zhihua
   Wu, Yuming
   Guo, Changbao
   Mai, Ximao
TI Construction of a Joint Newmark-Runout Model for Seismic Landslide Risk
   Identification: A Case Study in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
SO LAND
DT Article
DE seismic landslide; landslide hazard; landslide risk; joint
   Newmark-Runout model; Luding earthquake
ID XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCKFALL ANALYST; HAZARD;
   DISPLACEMENTS; REGRESSION; SYSTEM; REGION
AB The key to seismic landslide risk identification resides in the accurate evaluation of seismic landslide hazards. The traditional evaluation models for seismic landslide hazard seldom consider the landslide dynamic runout process, leading to an underestimation of seismic landslide hazard. Therefore, a joint Newmark-Runout model based on landslide dynamic runout is proposed. According to the evaluation results of static seismic landslide hazard, the landslide source points can be extracted, and the landslide dynamic runout process is simulated to obtain the dynamic seismic landslide hazard. Finally, the static and dynamic seismic landslide hazards are fused to obtain an optimized seismic landslide hazard. In September 2022, a strong Ms6.8 earthquake occurred in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, triggering thousands of landslides. Taking the 2022 Luding earthquake-induced landslide as a sample, the function relationship between seismic slope displacement and landslide occurrence probability is statistically modeled, which partly improves the traditional Newmark model. The optimized seismic landslide hazard evaluation of the Luding earthquake area is conducted, and then, the seismic landslide risk identification is completed by taking roads and buildings as hazard-affected bodies. The results show that the length of the roads facing very high and high seismic landslide risks are 3.36 km and 15.66 km, respectively, and the buildings on the Moxi platform near the epicenter are less vulnerable to seismic landslides. The research findings can furnish critical scientific and technological support for swift earthquake relief operations.
C1 [Yang, Zhihua; Guo, Changbao; Mai, Ximao] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Yuming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Mai, Ximao] China Univ Geosci, Fac Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; China University of Geosciences
RP Wu, YM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM yangzhihua@mail.cgs.gov.cn; wuym@lreis.ac.cn;
   guochangbao@mail.cgs.gov.cn; maiximaoyyds@cug.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-445X
PD NOV
PY 2024
VL 13
IS 11
AR 1832
DI 10.3390/land13111832
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001365607500001
ER

PT J
AU Du, GL
   Zhang, YS
   Iqbal, J
   Yang, ZH
   Yao, X
AF Du Guo-liang
   Zhang Yong-shuang
   Iqbal, Javed
   Yang Zhi-hua
   Yao Xin
TI Landslide susceptibility mapping using an integrated model of
   information value method and logistic regression in the Bailongjiang
   watershed, Gansu Province, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Integrated model; Information value method;
   Logistic regression; Bailongjiang watershed
ID ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR
   MACHINE; FREQUENCY RATIO; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES;
   STATISTICAL INDEX; SLOPE INSTABILITY; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; CERTAINTY FACTOR
AB Bailongjiang watershed in southern Gansu province, China, is one of the most landslide-prone regions in China, characterized by very high frequency of landslide occurrence. In order to predict the landslide occurrence, a comprehensive map of landslide susceptibility is required which may be significantly helpful in reducing loss of property and human life. In this study, an integrated model of information value method and logistic regression is proposed by using their merits at maximum and overcoming their weaknesses, which may enhance precision and accuracy of landslide susceptibility assessment. A detailed and reliable landslide inventory with 1587 landslides was prepared and randomly divided into two groups, (i) training dataset and (ii) testing dataset. Eight distinct landslide conditioning factors including lithology, slope gradient, aspect, elevation, distance to drainages, distance to faults, distance to roads and vegetation coverage were selected for landslide susceptibility mapping. The produced landslide susceptibility maps were validated by the success rate and prediction rate curves. The validation results show that the success rate and the prediction rate of the integrated model are 81.7 % and 84.6 %, respectively, which indicate that the proposed integrated method is reliable to produce an accurate landslide susceptibility map and the results may be used for landslides management and mitigation.
C1 [Du Guo-liang; Zhang Yong-shuang; Yang Zhi-hua; Yao Xin] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Iqbal, Javed] Abbottabad Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
RP Zhang, YS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM 756591925@qq.com; zhys100@hotmail.com; javediqbalgeo@gmail.com;
   yangzh99@163.com; yaoxinphd@163.com
TC 154
Z9 174
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD FEB
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 2
BP 249
EP 268
DI 10.1007/s11629-016-4126-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000394156900003
ER

PT J
AU Wang, SX
   Yang, BL
   Zhou, Y
   Wang, FT
   Zhang, R
   Zhao, Q
AF Wang, Shixin
   Yang, Baolin
   Zhou, Yi
   Wang, Futao
   Zhang, Rui
   Zhao, Qing
TI Three-dimensional information extraction from GaoFen-1 satellite images
   for landslide monitoring
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE GaoFen-1; Stereo image pair; Three-dimensional information; Landslide
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SLOW-MOVING LANDSLIDES; SMALL BASE-LINE;
   TIME-SERIES; AIRBORNE LIDAR; CHINA; MODEL; INSAR; METHODOLOGY;
   GENERATION
AB To more efficiently use GaoFen-1 (GF-1) satellite images for landslide emergency monitoring, a Digital Surface Model (DSM) can be generated from GF-1 across-track stereo image pairs to build a terrain dataset. This study proposes a landslide 3D information extraction method based on the terrain changes of slope objects. The slope objects are mergences of segmented image objects which have similar aspects; and the terrain changes are calculated from the post-disaster Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from GF-1 and the pre-disaster DEM from GDEM V2. A high mountain landslide that occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province is used to conduct a 3D information extraction test. The extracted total area of the landslide is 22.58 ha; the displaced earth volume is 652,100 m(3); and the average sliding direction is 263.83 degrees. The accuracies of them are 0.89, 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. Thus, the proposed method expands the application of GF-1 satellite images to the field of landslide emergency monitoring. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Shixin; Yang, Baolin; Zhou, Yi; Wang, Futao; Zhang, Rui; Zhao, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Baolin; Zhang, Rui] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy
   of Sciences, CAS
RP Yang, BL; Wang, FT (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM yangbl@radi.ac.cn; wangft@radi.ac.cn
TC 14
Z9 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD MAY 15
PY 2018
VL 309
BP 77
EP 85
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.02.027
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000430525500007
ER

PT J
AU Ying, CY
   Zhang, K
   Wang, ZN
   Siddiqua, S
   Makeen, GMH
   Wang, LQ
AF Ying, Chunye
   Zhang, Kun
   Wang, Ze-Nian
   Siddiqua, Sumi
   Makeen, Gehad Mohamed Hossam
   Wang, Luqi
TI Analysis of the run-out processes of the Xinlu Village landslide using
   the generalized interpolation material point method
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Xinlu Village landslide; GIMP; Soil and rock; Run-out simulation;
   Kinetics
ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PROGRESSIVE
   FAILURE; STABILITY ANALYSIS; SLOPE; SICHUAN; MODEL; SIMULATION;
   MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR
AB The prediction of the landslide kinetic features is of great importance in minimizing the potential hazardous impacts and in applying the appropriate stabilization techniques. The present study used the generalized interpolation material point (GIMP) method to analyze the run-out processes of the Xinlu Village landslide that has taken place in Xinlu Village, Chongqing, China, in 2016. The evolutions of equivalent plastic strain, displacement, landslide velocity, and kinematic energy were investigated during the landslide motion. The simulation results indicated that the initial stage of the landslide started with slippage of the mid-front soil part with a maximum velocity of 1.02 m/s (at t = 9 s). The rear rock came to failure at t = 69 s as the tensile crack extended from the landslide surface to the deep weak interlayer. Thereafter, the rear rock further accelerated and pushed the mid-front sliding soil, which formed an overall movement. The kinetic energy of the studied landslide concentrated in the acceleration phases of the soil and rock masses. The predicted landslide geometry and run-out distance had slight differences from the actual ones. Based on the landslide run-out analysis, the studied landslide can be classified as a landslide that simultaneously comprises retrogressive and advancing features. A potential secondary failure of this landslide could happen under specific extreme circumstances.
C1 [Ying, Chunye; Wang, Luqi] China Univ Geosci, Fac Engn, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Ying, Chunye; Siddiqua, Sumi; Makeen, Gehad Mohamed Hossam] Univ British Columbia, Sch Engn, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
   [Zhang, Kun; Wang, Ze-Nian] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
   [Makeen, Gehad Mohamed Hossam] Ain Shams Univ, Fac Sci, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
C3 China University of Geosciences; University of British Columbia;
   Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); Ain Shams
   University
RP Zhang, K; Wang, ZN (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
EM cy.ying@cug.edu.cn; kz2017@sjtu.edu.cn; wangzenian@sjtu.edu.cn;
   sumi.siddiqua@ubc.ca; gehad.hosam@sci.asu.edu.eg; wlq93@qq.com
TC 21
Z9 24
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 4
BP 1519
EP 1529
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01581-6
EA NOV 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000591993700002
ER

PT J
AU Liu, ZZ
   Chen, Q
   Li, X
   Chen, C
   Zhou, C
   Wang, C
AF Liu, Zhaozhao
   Chen, Qun
   Li, Xing
   Chen, Chen
   Zhou, Cheng
   Wang, Chen
TI A review of the research on the failure potential of landslide dams
   caused by overtopping and seepage
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Review
DE Landslide dam; Overtopping; Seepage; Failure progress; Failure mechanism
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DISASTER CHAIN; BARRIER LAKE; MODEL TESTS; EROSION;
   SIMULATION; EVOLUTION
AB Landslide dams are naturally formed dams with loose structures, poor stability and strong permeability, and they lack prevention measures such as reinforcement, anti-seepage, and spillways to avoid dam failure. It is highly prone to overtopping and seepage failure, which seriously threaten the safety of people and property in the downstream areas. Based on the main failure modes of landslide dams, the progress of research on failure processes, failure mechanisms, and influencing factors was summarized and analyzed. The calculation equation of overtopping erosion and the criteria of landslide dam failure caused by seepage were reviewed. The failure potential of landslide dams caused by overtopping, seepage, and their combined effects and the problems in the current research on the safety of landslide dams were investigated. Some subjects that could be studied in the future were proposed. The first is the inhomogeneity and uncertainty of the spatial distribution of dam materials in landslide dams. The second is the failure processes and mechanisms of landslide dams caused by combined multiple factors. The third is the theory and method of model tests for landslide dams. The fourth is the influence of genetic types of landslide dams on their failure mechanisms. This review can provide a reference for safety research and risk prevention of landslide dam disasters.
C1 [Liu, Zhaozhao; Chen, Qun; Li, Xing; Chen, Chen; Zhou, Cheng; Wang, Chen] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University
RP Chen, Q (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM liuzhaozhao1994@163.com; chenqun@scu.edu.cn
TC 16
Z9 16
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD MAR
PY 2023
VL 116
IS 2
BP 1513
EP 1538
DI 10.1007/s11069-022-05726-9
EA DEC 2022
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000915247700002
ER

PT J
AU Pei, XJ
   Cui, SH
   Zhu, L
   Wang, H
   Luo, LG
   Zhang, XC
AF Pei, Xiangjun
   Cui, Shenghua
   Zhu, Ling
   Wang, Hui
   Luo, Luguang
   Zhang, Xiaochao
TI Sanxicun landslide: an investigation of progressive failure of a gentle
   bedding slope
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Gentle bedding slope; Tension crack; Historical earthquakes; Rainfall
   water; Progressive failure
ID ROCK SLOPE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS FLOW; STABILITY; MECHANISMS;
   DUJIANGYAN
AB A gentle bedding slope (16 degrees dip angle) failure at Sanxicun (SXC) village in Dujiangyan city was triggered by heavy rainfall in 2013. The landslide has a sliding distance of up to 1200 m and caused 166 deaths. After this failure event, a detailed field survey and a series of laboratory tests were carried out to investigate the progressive failure mechanism of the slope. The results revealed that the slope deformation could be traced back to the Ming Dynasty in China (400 years before) at least. A sliding block with a width of 330 m and a length of 240 m detached its original position, resulting in a tension crack with 10 m in width and 25 m in depth at the rear of the sliding block. The field evidence reveals that the tension crack and cracked mudstone have provided convenience for water infiltration for a long time. The shake table test results show that these cracks can initiate and propagate in the slope during earthquakes. Especially, seismic stresses amplifications are induced in the mudstone to obviously degrade this layer. Besides, Direct shear tests of cracked mudstone with different immersion times were carried out. It is shown that the shear strength of mudstone decreased rapidly in the initial immersion and then tends to be stable gradually. Finally, numerical calculation indicates that the hydrostatic pressure in the tension crack and uplift pressure in the basal layer generated by the strongest rainwater in history (537.4 mm daily) cause the initiation of the block in 2013. We conclude that the catastrophic failure of the SXC landslide triggered by the rainwater in 2013 strongly depended on the pre-existing deformation and damage caused by historical earthquakes and rainwaters.
C1 [Pei, Xiangjun; Cui, Shenghua; Zhu, Ling; Wang, Hui; Luo, Luguang; Zhang, Xiaochao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Shenghua] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
   [Zhu, Ling] Univ Newcastle, Prior Res Ctr Geotech Sci & Engn, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
   [Luo, Luguang] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Kyoto University; University of
   Newcastle; University of Twente
RP Cui, SH (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Cui, SH (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
EM shenghuacui.geo@gmail.com
TC 18
Z9 21
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD MAR
PY 2022
VL 111
IS 1
BP 51
EP 78
DI 10.1007/s11069-021-05044-6
EA SEP 2021
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000699014900002
ER

PT J
AU Wang, DP
   Liu, ML
   Zhu, X
   Ma, HS
   Cheng, Q
   Zhu, M
   Chen, Z
   Ouyang, CJ
AF Wang, Dongpo
   Liu, Mengliang
   Zhu, Xing
   Ma, Hongsheng
   Cheng, Qiang
   Zhu, Min
   Chen, Zheng
   Ouyang, Chaojun
TI Failure mechanisms and deformation processes of a high-locality
   landslide at Tonghua Town, Li County, China, 2017
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE High-locality landslide; Glacial deposit; Deformation processes; Failure
   mechanisms
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; XINMO LANDSLIDE; SICHUAN; REACTIVATION; RAINFALL;
   MAOXIAN; FLOW
AB High-locality landslides primarily occur in the upper zone of the failed slope, in which the slip surface is considerably higher than the foot of the slope. This paper discusses a high-locality landslide that occurred on August 8, 2017, on the left bank of Zagunao River in Tonghua Town, southwest China. The landslide, called the Tonghua landslide, originated on a 716-m-high hillslope, which was formed by preexisting glacial deposits. The main body of the landslide is currently suspended on hillslope, with a relative relief of 353 m and is undergoing progressive failure. The town of Tonghua is located downslope of this landslide, and hence, the landslide could cause severe damage, including casualties and the destruction of infrastructure. Very few mitigation measures have been implemented to reduce the potentially devastating consequences due to the high locality and continuous movement of the landslide. We conducted comprehensive studies including field investigations, aerial photographic interpretations, pluviometric regime analysis, and superficial displacement monitoring to understand the failure mechanism and evolutionary process of this ongoing landslide. Considering that a Ms 7.0 earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou, approximately 220 km northeast of Tonghua Town, on the same day as the landslide, and that sporadic but persistent rainfall occurred before slope failure, we believe that both the rainfall and the earthquake were potential triggers for this landslide. However, further studies are necessary to better understand the characteristics and to develop hazard mitigation strategies for this type of landslide.
C1 [Wang, Dongpo; Liu, Mengliang; Zhu, Xing] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Dongpo; Zhu, Min] Univ Trento, I-38100 Trento, Italy.
   [Ma, Hongsheng; Cheng, Qiang] Sichuan Prov Transport Dept Highway Planning Surv, Chengdu 610000, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Zheng; Ouyang, Chaojun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Trento; Chinese Academy
   of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Ouyang, CJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM cjouyang@imde.ac.cn
TC 25
Z9 28
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JAN
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 1
BP 165
EP 177
DI 10.1007/s10346-019-01260-1
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000512067600012
ER

PT J
AU Kuok, SC
   Yuen, KV
AF Kuok, Sin-Chi
   Yuen, Ka-Veng
TI Broad learning for nonparametric spatial modeling with application to
   seismic attenuation
SO COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING
DT Article
ID NEURAL-NETWORK; SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CRACK
   DETECTION; REAL-TIME; MACHINE; SELECTION; LANDSLIDE
AB Spatial modeling is a core element in geographical information science. It incorporates geographic information to construct the relationship for interpreting the behavior of spatial phenomena. In this paper, a broad learning framework for nonparametric spatial modeling is presented. Broad learning overcomes the obstacle of expensive computational consumption in deep learning and provides a powerful computationally efficient alternative. In contrast to the deep learning architecture that is configured with stacks of hierarchical layers, broad learning networks are established in a flat manner that can be flexibly reconfigured with the inherited information from the trained network. To develop the broad learning network, a simple prototype network is established as the initial trial and it is modified incrementally to enhance its data fitting capacity. Consequently, complex relationship of unstructured spatial data can be modeled efficiently. To demonstrate the efficacy and applicability of the broad learning framework, we will present a simulated example and a real application using the strong ground motion records on the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake.
C1 [Kuok, Sin-Chi; Yuen, Ka-Veng] Univ Macau, State Key Lab Internet Things Smart City, Macau, Peoples R China.
   [Kuok, Sin-Chi; Yuen, Ka-Veng] Univ Macau, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Macau, Peoples R China.
   [Kuok, Sin-Chi] Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford, England.
C3 University of Macau; University of Macau; University of Oxford
RP Yuen, KV (corresponding author), Univ Macau, State Key Lab Internet Things Smart City, Macau, Peoples R China.; Yuen, KV (corresponding author), Univ Macau, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Macau, Peoples R China.
EM kvyuen@umac.mo
TC 41
Z9 45
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1093-9687
EI 1467-8667
PD MAR
PY 2020
VL 35
IS 3
BP 203
EP 218
DI 10.1111/mice.12494
EA AUG 2019
SC Computer Science; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering;
   Transportation
UT WOS:000482593300001
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, SH
   Chen, GQ
   Fang, LG
AF Zhou, Suhua
   Chen, Guangqi
   Fang, Ligang
TI Distribution Pattern of Landslides Triggered by the 2014 Ludian
   Earthquake of China: Implications for Regional Threshold Topography and
   the Seismogenic Fault Identification
SO ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION
DT Article
DE Ludian earthquake; landslide distribution; seismogenic fault; geographic
   information system (GIS); threshold topography
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; NIIGATA PREFECTURE;
   INVENTORY; EROSION
AB The 3 August 2014 Ludian earthquake with a moment magnitude scale (Mw) of 6.1 induced widespread landslides in the Ludian County and its vicinity. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the distribution patterns and characteristics of these co-seismic landslides. In total, 1826 landslides with a total area of 19.12 km(2) triggered by the 3 August 2014 Ludian earthquake were visually interpreted using high-resolution aerial photos and Landsat-8 images. The sizes of the landslides were, in general, much smaller than those triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The main types of landslides were rock falls and shallow, disrupted landslides from steep slopes. These landslides were unevenly distributed within the study area and concentrated within an elliptical area with a 25-km NW-SE striking long axis and a 15-km NW-SE striking short axis. Three indexes including landslides number (LN), landslide area ratio (LAR), and landslide density (LD) were employed to analyze the relation between the landslide distribution and several factors, including lithology, elevation, slope, aspect, distance to epicenter and distance to the active fault. The results show that slopes consisting of deeply weathered and fractured sandstones and mudstones were the more susceptible to co-seismic landslides. The elevation range of high landslide susceptibility was between 900-1300 m and 1800-2000 m. There was a generally positive correlation between co-seismic landslides and slope angle, until a maximum for the slope class 40 degrees-50 degrees. The co-seismic landslides occurred preferably on Southeast (SE), South (S) and Southwest (SW) oriented slopes. Results also show that the landslide concentration tends to decrease with distance from the surface projection of the epicenter rather than the seismogenic fault, and the highest landslide concentration is located within a 5-6 km distance of the seismogenic fault. Regarding the epicenter, the largest landslide clusters were found on the SE, northeast by east (NEE) and nearly West (W) of the epicenter. In addition, we also suggest that statistical results of slope gradients of landslides might imply a threshold topography of the study area within a tectonically active background. By analogy with other events, the statistical results of landslides aspects also imply the seismogenic fault of the Ludian earthquake might have been the Northwest (NW)-trending fault, which is consistent with other studies.
C1 [Zhou, Suhua; Chen, Guangqi] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
   [Zhou, Suhua; Fang, Ligang] Cent S Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Changsha 410075, Hunan, Peoples R China.
C3 Kyushu University; Central South University
RP Fang, LG (corresponding author), Cent S Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Changsha 410075, Hunan, Peoples R China.
EM suhua.zhou867@gmail.com; chen_kyushu@163.com; 3te13087k@s.kyushu-u.ac.jp
TC 36
Z9 42
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2220-9964
PD APR
PY 2016
VL 5
IS 4
AR 46
DI 10.3390/ijgi5040046
SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
UT WOS:000375233100008
ER

PT J
AU Zhong, C
   Liu, Y
   Gao, P
   Chen, WL
   Li, H
   Hou, Y
   Nuremanguli, T
   Ma, HJ
AF Zhong, Cheng
   Liu, Yue
   Gao, Peng
   Chen, Wenlong
   Li, Hui
   Hou, Yong
   Nuremanguli, Tuohuti
   Ma, Haijian
TI Landslide mapping with remote sensing: challenges and opportunities
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
DT Review
ID TIME-SERIES; LIDAR DATA; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   INVENTORY MAPS; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SATELLITE; HAZARD;
   IDENTIFICATION
AB Landslide mapping is the primary step for landslide investigation and prevention. At present, both the accuracy and the degree of automation of landslide mapping with remote sensing (LMRS) are still lower than those of general remote sensing classification. In order to improve the performance, previous attempts have been made to develop new features, classifiers, and rules, whereas few studies have investigated the in-depth causes and the corresponding solutions. In this paper, after reviewing the related literature, some of the fundamental difficulties hindering the improvement of LMRS are disclosed and discussed. Firstly, landslides do not have distinguishable spectral, spatial, or temporal characteristics, as they may actually be covered by other land covers. Secondly, the surface features of a landslide can vary greatly, affected by the different geological factors, geomorphological factors, hydrological factors, weather conditions, and other factors. Thirdly, the differences in the surface features are often remarkable and nonnegligible, and thus it is difficult to identify a landslide with only a few simple criteria. Finally, some solutions to the above difficulties are suggested. It is expected that the accuracy and applicability of LMRS could be greatly improved, by exploiting big data, utilizing the deep learning technique, and modelling the surface spatial structure of the landslide.
C1 [Zhong, Cheng; Liu, Yue; Chen, Wenlong; Hou, Yong] China Univ Geosci, Minist Educ, Three Gorges Res Ctr Geohazard, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Gao, Peng] Univ South Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
   [Li, Hui; Nuremanguli, Tuohuti] China Univ Geosci, Sch Earth Sci, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Haijian] China Earthquake Adm, Dev Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; University of South Carolina System;
   University of South Carolina Columbia; China University of Geosciences;
   China Earthquake Administration
RP Li, H (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Sch Earth Sci, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China.
EM rslihui@cug.edu.cn
TC 155
Z9 170
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
PD FEB 16
PY 2020
VL 41
IS 4
BP 1555
EP 1581
DI 10.1080/01431161.2019.1672904
EA OCT 2019
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000490684300001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YB
   Chen, GQ
   Zheng, L
   Li, YG
   Wu, J
AF Zhang, Yingbin
   Chen, Guangqi
   Zheng, Lu
   Li, Yange
   Wu, Jian
TI Effects of near-fault seismic loadings on run-out of large-scale
   landslide: A case study
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslide; Daguangbao landslide; Seismic force;
   Run-out analysis; Size effect
ID DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; SAINT VENANT EQUATIONS; ERH-SHAN
   LANDSLIDE; STABILITY ANALYSIS; EARTHQUAKE; ROCK; SLOPE; DISPLACEMENT;
   MOTION; MODEL
AB This study presents the run-out analysis of the Daguangbao landslides subjected to near-fault multi-direction earthquake forces using discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). The Daguangbao landslide is the largest landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In order to investigate the effects of near-fault seismic force on landslide run-out, kinematic behavior of sliding mass is simulated by a dynamic discrete numerical analysis method called DDA. In this simulation, based on the shape of failure surface and the feature of slope geology, the whole slope is divided into three parts: base block, upper sliding mass, and lower sliding mass. Then two sliding masses are divided into the smaller discrete deformable blocks based on pre-existing discontinuities. Size effect of the huge landslide is also considered. Baseline corrected real horizontal and vertical ground motions are taken as volume force acting to the base block. The results show that seismic force has a significant influence on the landslide progression, sliding distance, and shape of post-failure. Results of the horizontal-and-vertical situation are in good agreement with those obtained from post-earthquake field investigation, remote sensing image and description from the survivors. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Yingbin; Chen, Guangqi; Zheng, Lu; Li, Yange; Wu, Jian] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
C3 Kyushu University
RP Zhang, YB (corresponding author), Geodisaster Prevent Lab, Nishi Ku, West 2-1110,744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
EM yingbinz719@126.com
TC 165
Z9 193
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD NOV 8
PY 2013
VL 166
BP 216
EP 236
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.08.002
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000327804700020
ER

PT J
AU Qiu, CC
   Geng, XY
AF Qiu, Chenchen
   Geng, Xueyu
TI Travel distance estimation of landslide-induced debris flows by machine
   learning method in Nepal Himalaya after the Gorkha earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslide-induced debris flows; A hybrid machine learning model; Travel
   distance estimation; Geomorphological features; Gorkha earthquake
ID ABSOLUTE ERROR MAE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LONG-RUNOUT; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   MOBILITY; PARAMETERS; REGRESSION; HAZARDS; MODELS; FIELD
AB Debris flows are more likely to be triggered in the earthquake-strike areas with a widespread presence of unstable slopes, causing severe casualties and changing the surrounding natural topography. In such scenario, estimating the travel distance of debris flows becomes crucial to understand the hazardous areas. Therefore, a hybrid machine learning model (GA-XGBoost) was employed to achieve a reliable estimation of debris-flow travel distance. This model was applied to the Nepal Himalayas, the site of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. We selected four geomorphological factors for travel distance estimation. They are the volume of failure mass (VL), the height difference between the material source center and end point of movement mass (H), the mean gradient of the travel path (J), and the mean curvature of the travel path (C). Furthermore, to eliminate the noise information and enhance stability of input data, a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to generate three principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) from the selected factors to serve as input variables of model development. The performance of this model was evaluated using the assessment indexes, resulting in a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 8.71%, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 144.3 m, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 86.1 m. Four empirical approaches were also introduced for comparison analysis. Our proposed model has proven to be superior and effective, as the estimated results closely match the actual values. All the results affirm the suitability of our developed model for estimating the travel distance of landslide-induced debris flows following a strong earthquake.
C1 [Qiu, Chenchen; Geng, Xueyu] Univ Warwick, Sch Engn, Coventry CV4 7AL, England.
C3 University of Warwick
RP Geng, XY (corresponding author), Univ Warwick, Sch Engn, Coventry CV4 7AL, England.
EM xueyu.geng@warwick.ac.uk
TC 5
Z9 7
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD OCT
PY 2024
VL 83
IS 10
AR 395
DI 10.1007/s10064-024-03883-8
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001310181200001
ER

PT J
AU Lu, HY
   Tanyas, H
   Li, WL
   Xu, Q
   van Westen, CJ
   Lombardo, L
AF Lu, Huiyan
   Tanyas, Hakan
   Li, Weile
   Xu, Qiang
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Lombardo, Luigi
TI Seismic and environmental controls on slow-moving landslides: Insights
   from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Slow-moving landslides; Earthquake; Wenchuan; Data-driven model;
   Anthropogenic impact
ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; ACCELERATION; REGRESSION; HAZARD
AB Earthquakes can initiate slow-moving landslides and cause them to transition into rapid failures. Although observations are limited, the literature suggests that strong earthquakes are more likely to trigger nearby failures, while smaller earthquakes may increase susceptibility. However, understanding the role of seismic disturbances requires considering other environmental conditions. This study focuses on the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, using a data-driven multivariate approach to analyze slow-moving landslides. Our findings highlight topographic relief, road proximity, river distance, average monthly precipitation, lithology, and distance to the earthquake surface rupture as key factors. While the distance to the surface rupture is inversely related to landslide occurrence, it is the least influential variable, suggesting that most slow-moving landslides near the rupture may not have failed during the earthquake. Our finding also suggests that persistent disturbances from road networks may be as significant as the impact of a strong earthquake in influencing the existence of slowmoving landslides.
C1 [Lu, Huiyan; Li, Weile; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Huiyan; Tanyas, Hakan; van Westen, Cees J.; Lombardo, Luigi] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Twente
RP Tanyas, H (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands.
EM h.tanyas@utwente.nl
TC 3
Z9 3
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN
PY 2025
VL 344
AR 107865
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107865
EA DEC 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001386440000001
ER

PT J
AU Harvey, EL
   Hales, TC
   Liu, J
   Hobley, DEJ
   Yang, F
   Xia, B
   Fan, XM
AF Harvey, Erin L.
   Hales, Tristram C.
   Liu, Jie
   Hobley, Daniel E. J.
   Yang, Fan
   Xia, Bing
   Fan, Xuanmei
TI Grain-size variability in debris flows of different runout lengths,
   Wenchuan, China
SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
DT Article
ID DOLOMITE ALLUVIAL-FAN; PORE-FLUID PRESSURE; OWENS VALLEY; DEPOSITIONAL
   PROCESSES; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; MECHANISMS; MORPHOLOGY; BASIN; MOUNTAIN;
   RHEOLOGY
AB Debris-flow grain-size distributions (GSDs) control runout length and mobility. Wide, bimodal GSDs and those containing a higher proportion of silt and clay have been shown experimentally to increase runout length. However, the relationship between grain size and mobility has not been well established in field conditions. Here, we compared the grain-size characteristics of two debris flows with considerably different runout lengths (1.5 km vs. 8 km) to understand the role of grain size in governing runout. The two debris flows were triggered in the same rainfall event from coseismic landslide debris generated in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in catchments with similar lithology and topography. We compared the deposited GSDs and their spatial patterns using our rare, three-dimensional GSD datasets. Surprisingly, the proportions of each size fraction deposited by the two flows were statistically indistinguishable. The spatial pattern of grain size differed between the two flows, with evidence of inverse grading only preserved in the smaller deposit. From these observations, we can infer that the GSDs of both flows were determined by the coseismic landslide source material, and that there was little difference in the GSDs of material entrained as the flows bulked. The contrasting spatial distributions of grains indicated that different internal processes were dominant within the two flows. These findings demonstrate that where GSDs are dominated by coarse grains and are governed by similar source conditions, grain size plays a lesser role relative to sediment supply and hydrology in controlling the runout length of large catastrophic post-earthquake debris flows.
C1 [Harvey, Erin L.; Hales, Tristram C.; Hobley, Daniel E. J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
   [Liu, Jie; Yang, Fan; Xia, Bing; Fan, Xuanmei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Hobley, Daniel E. J.] RSK ADAS Ltd, Helsby WA6 0BD, Frodsham, England.
   [Harvey, Erin L.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
C3 Cardiff University; Chengdu University of Technology; Durham University
RP Harvey, EL (corresponding author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.; Harvey, EL (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
TC 3
Z9 4
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0016-7606
EI 1943-2674
PD JUL-AUG
PY 2024
VL 136
IS 7-8
BP 2676
EP 2688
DI 10.1130/B37027.1
SC Geology
UT WOS:001271970100004
ER

PT J
AU Yang, XY
   Fan, XY
   Wang, K
   Zhou, ZL
AF Yang, Xiaoyi
   Fan, Xinyue
   Wang, Kai
   Zhou, Zhongli
TI Research on landslide susceptibility prediction model based on
   LSTM-RF-MDBN
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Ten severely affected areas in Wenchuan; Landslide susceptibility;
   Dynamic prediction; LSTM-RF-MDBN
ID RANDOM FOREST; BIVARIATE; NETWORK; CHINA
AB The occurrence of landslide disasters causes huge economic losses and casualties. Although many achievements have been made in predicting the probability of landslide disasters, various factors such as the scale and spatial location of landslide geological disasters should still be fully considered. Further research on how to quantitatively characterize the susceptibility of landslide geological disasters is necessarily important. To this end, taking the Wenchuan earthquake as the research area and extracting eight influencing factors, including terrain information entropy (Ht), lithology, distance from rivers, distance from faults, vegetation coverage (NDVI), distance from roads, peak ground motion acceleration (PGA), and annual rainfall, a landslide susceptibility prediction model was hereby established based on LSTM-RF-MDBN, a landslide susceptibility prediction map was drawn, and the spatial distribution characteristics of landslide disasters were analyzed. The results showed that (1) LSTM had good prediction results for the eight influencing factors, with an average prediction accuracy of 85%; (2) compared with models such as DNN and LR for predicting landslide disaster points, the AUC value of RF for predicting landslide point positions reached 0.88, presenting a higher accuracy compared to other models; (3) the AUC value of the landslide susceptibility prediction model based on LSTM-RF-MDBN reached 0.965, which had a high accuracy in predicting landslide susceptibility. Overall, the research results can provide a scientific basis for selecting the best strategy for landslide disaster warning, prevention, and mitigation.
C1 [Yang, Xiaoyi; Wang, Kai; Zhou, Zhongli] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Math & Phys, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, Xinyue; Zhou, Zhongli] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Fan, XY (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM FanXinyue_2020@163.com
TC 12
Z9 14
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0944-1344
EI 1614-7499
PD JAN
PY 2024
VL 31
IS 1
BP 1543
EP 1561
DI 10.1007/s11356-023-31232-x
EA DEC 2023
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001121798500003
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   Scaringi, G
   Xu, Q
   Zhan, WW
   Dai, LX
   Li, YS
   Pei, XJ
   Yang, Q
   Huang, RQ
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Xu, Qiang
   Zhan, Weiwei
   Dai, Lanxin
   Li, Yusheng
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Yang, Qin
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017
   Ms 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors
   controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the
   seismogenic blind fault identification
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Coseismic landslides; Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Seismogenic fault;
   Landslide inventory; Landslide; spatial distribution
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; MASS
   MOVEMENTS; RUPTURE; HAZARDS; EROSION; HAITI; ZONE
AB On 8th August 2017, a magnitude M-s 7.0 earthquake struck the County of Jiuzhaigou, in Sichuan Province, China. It was the third M-s >= 7.0 earthquake in the Longmenshan area in the last decade, after the 2008 M-s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and the 2013 M-s 7.0 Lushan earthquake. The event did not produce any evident surface rupture but triggered significant mass wasting. Based on a large set of pre- and post-earthquake high-resolution satellite images (SPOT-5, Gaofen-1 and Gaofen-2) as well as on 0.2-m-resolution UAV photographs, a polygon-based interpretation of the coseismic landslides was carried out. In total, 1883 landslides were identified, covering an area of 8.11 km(2), with an estimated total volume in the order of 25-30 x 10(6) m(3). The total landslide area was lower than that produced by other earthquakes of similar magnitude with strike-slip motion, possibly because of the limited surface rupture. The spatial distribution of the landslides was correlated statistically to a number of seismic, terrain and geological factors, to evaluate the landslide susceptibility at regional scale and to identify the most typical characteristics of the coseismic failures. The landslides, mainly small-scale rockfalls and rock/debris slides, occurred mostly along two NE-SW-oriented valleys near the epicentre. Comparatively, high landslide density was found at locations where the landform evolves from upper, broad valleys to lower, deep-cut gorges. The spatial distribution of the coseismic landslides did not seem correlated to the location of any known active faults. On the contrary, it revealed that a previously-unknown blind fault segment-which is possibly the north-western extension of the Huya fault-is the plausible seismogenic fault. This finding is consistent with what hypothesised on the basis of field observations and ground displacements.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; Scaringi, Gianvito; Xu, Qiang; Zhan, Weiwei; Dai, Lanxin; Li, Yusheng; Pei, Xiangjun; Yang, Qin; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhan, Weiwei] Clemson Univ, Glenn Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Clemson University
RP Fan, XM; Xu, Q (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com; xuqiang_68@126.com
TC 229
Z9 266
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAY
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 5
BP 967
EP 983
DI 10.1007/s10346-018-0960-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000431308800010
ER

PT J
AU Shi, XG
   Hu, X
AF Shi, Xuguo
   Hu, Xie
TI Characterization of landslide displacements in an active fault zone in
   Northwest China
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
DT Article
DE displacements; InSAR; Pingding-Huama fault; rainfall-driven landslides;
   slow-moving landslides
ID SURFACE DEFORMATION; GANSU PROVINCE; DEBRIS FLOW; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   ZHOUQU COUNTY; INSAR; BASIN
AB Landslides can be caused by natural forcing and anthropogenic activities. Zhouqu County (China) on the eastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is set within the active Pingding-Huama fault zone with evident fractures on the land surface. Frequent landslides and debris flows have occurred in this region due to river erosion, rainfall and deforestation. Here we quantified the slope movements using time-series synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) based on the ascending and descending Sentinel-1 satellite images acquired between October 2014 and August 2020. We observed distinct displacements in the highly fractured fault zone. The eastward and vertical displacement time series between February 2017 and July 2020 were constrained by the common-day ascending and descending acquisitions. The eastward rates (461 mm/year) were greater than those in the vertical direction (-185 mm/year). We also note displacement discontinuities across the thrust faults beneath the Suoertou and Zhongpai landslides. Seasonal variations in the displacement time series suggest that the cyclic rainfall is the primary driver for the mass wasting processes rather than the tectonic loading. As a complement to in situ observations, our results demonstrate that InSAR is an effective tool to characterize the spatio-temporal nature of landslide displacements in complicated geological environments. Plain Language SummaryZhouqu County in the Pingding-Huama fault zone in the eastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is identified as a high priority site to research on clusters of landslides and debris flows in a mixed geodynamic setting of active tectonics, seasonal rainfall, river erosion and anthropogenic activities. However, our knowledge about landslide kinematics in this complicated region is still limited. We relied on remote sensing images from one ascending and one descending Sentinel-1 satellite tracks to constrain the spatial-temporal displacement dynamics of active landslides from 2014 to 2020. The spatial patterns of displacements are determined by thrust faulting, river erosion, and anthropogenic activities. The temporal variations of landslide speed are mainly controlled by the seasonal rainfall rather than the tectonic loading.
C1 [Shi, Xuguo] China Univ Geosci, Sch Geog & Informat Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xie] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; Peking University
RP Hu, X (corresponding author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM hu.xie@pku.edu.cn
TC 7
Z9 8
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0197-9337
EI 1096-9837
PD AUG
PY 2023
VL 48
IS 10
BP 1926
EP 1939
DI 10.1002/esp.5594
EA APR 2023
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000976679200001
ER

PT J
AU Shi, ZM
   Guan, SG
   Peng, M
   Zhang, LM
   Zhu, Y
   Cai, QP
AF Shi, Z. M.
   Guan, S. G.
   Peng, M.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Zhu, Y.
   Cai, Q. P.
TI Cascading breaching of the Tangjiashan landslide dam and two smaller
   downstream landslide dams
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Dam breaching; Cascading failure; Peak outflow rate; Soil
   erosion; Risk management
ID BREAK EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DYNAMIC
   DECISION-MAKING; HUMAN RISKS; PART 1; FAILURE; FLOWS
AB The 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake triggered at least 257 landslide dams, most of which formed in series along rivers. The failure of an upstream dam could cause the failure of dams downstream one after another. The cascading dam breaching may result in a sharp increase in the flood and more serious damage downstream. This paper aims to simulate the cascading breaching of landslide dams with a case study of the Tangjiashan landslide dam and two smaller dams downstream. A modified DABA model is applied for this purpose, in which the water soil interactions are simulated with erosion and shallow water flow theory. This paper first introduces the methodology of the cascading dam breach simulation, emphasizing modifications to the DABA model. Then, the cascading breaching of the Tangjiashan landslide dam and two smaller downstream dams is simulated using the modified DABA model. Finally, the influences of several key factors (e.g., dam height, dam width, dam erodibility) on cascading dam breaching are analyzed to identify the critical conditions of overlapping effect in breaching floods. The modified DABA model is shown to be a reliable tool for simulating the cascading dam breaching. The flood from the Tangjiashan dam was not significantly amplified by the breaching of the two small dams downstream, because the two smaller dams breached before the Tangjiashan dam. Some parameters, such as dam crest width and initiation water level, may not influence the peak outflow rate and breach size of a single dam obviously, but may influence the cascading breaching of several dams significantly through the amplification effect The cascading breaching of several dams is likely to generate multi-peak floods. A critical condition for the overlapping effects of cascading dam breaching is that large and increasing inflow erodes the dam breach downstream in the development phase. If cascade breaching of several landslide dams is inevitable, one principle to mitigate the risks is to lower the breach flood of the largest dam with engineering measures. If significant overlapping effect is predicted, engineering measures may also be taken to breach the smaller dams before the breaching of the large dam upstream or delay the breach of those downstream dams by reinforcement measures. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shi, Z. M.; Guan, S. G.; Peng, M.] Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Dept Geotech Engn, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Z. M.; Guan, S. G.; Peng, M.] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Z. M.] CICGP, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Y.] China Shipbldg NDRI Engn Co Ltd, Shanghai 200333, Peoples R China.
   [Cai, Q. P.] Huaqiao Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Hong Kong University of Science &
   Technology; Huaqiao University
RP Peng, M (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Dept Geotech Engn, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM pengming@tongji.edu.cn
TC 70
Z9 83
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JUL 2
PY 2015
VL 193
BP 445
EP 458
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.05.021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000357350000038
ER

PT J
AU Huang, W
   Cao, ZX
   Yue, ZY
   Pender, G
   Zhou, JF
AF Huang, Wei
   Cao, Zhixian
   Yue, Zhiyuan
   Pender, Gareth
   Zhou, Jifu
TI Coupled modelling of flood due to natural landslide dam breach
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-WATER MANAGEMENT
DT Article
DE floods & floodworks; hydraulics & hydrodynamics; mathematical modelling
ID SIMULATION; FAILURE; HYDRAULICS; EROSION; RIVER
AB A coupled two-dimensional mathematical model is presented for a flood due to natural landslide dam breach. A new numerical algorithm is developed, preserving the well-balanced property between the flux and source terms of the momentum conservation equations over a mobile bed. It allows for the wetting-drying transition to be properly resolved. Equally importantly, the spatially variable size of the sediments of natural landslide dams is taken into account in estimating bed sediment entrainment flux. The model is first tested against flume experiments and then applied to a case study of the Tangjiashan landslide dam, the largest of its kind generated by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, China. Compared with field observations, the widening and deepening of the breach along with the flood hydrographs are reproduced fairly well by the present model as the heterogeneity of the dam material is incorporated. In contrast, when the heterogeneous composition of the natural landslide dam is ignored using a fixed sediment size, the model fails even if the parameters related to roughness, entrainment flux and mass collapse are largely tuned. An appropriate account of the heterogeneous composition of natural dams is therefore significant.
C1 [Huang, Wei; Cao, Zhixian; Pender, Gareth] Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Water Resources & Hydropower Engn S, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
   [Cao, Zhixian; Pender, Gareth] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Infrastruct & Environm, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Yue, Zhiyuan] Changjiang Waterway Planning Design & Res Inst, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Jifu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
C3 Wuhan University; Heriot Watt University; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Mechanics, CAS
RP Huang, W (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ, State Key Lab Water Resources & Hydropower Engn S, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
TC 15
Z9 19
PU ICE PUBLISHING
PI WESTMINISTER
PA INST CIVIL ENGINEERS, 1 GREAT GEORGE ST, WESTMINISTER SW 1P 3AA, ENGLAND
SN 1741-7589
EI 1751-7729
PD NOV
PY 2012
VL 165
IS 10
BP 525
EP 542
DI 10.1680/wama.12.00017
SC Engineering; Water Resources
UT WOS:000310437200003
ER

PT J
AU Lin, YM
   Deng, HJ
   Du, K
   Li, J
   Lin, H
   Chen, C
   Fisher, L
   Wu, CZ
   Hong, T
   Zhang, GS
AF Lin, Yongming
   Deng, Haojun
   Du, Kun
   Li, Jian
   Lin, Han
   Chen, Can
   Fisher, Loretta
   Wu, Chengzhen
   Hong, Tao
   Zhang, Guangshuai
TI Soil quality assessment in different climate zones of China's Wenchuan
   earthquake affected region
SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Soil quality assessment; Wenchuan earthquake; Minimum data set; Soil
   quality index; Ecological restoration
ID MINIMUM DATA SET; MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK; PLANT SUCCESSION;
   LANDSLIDES; VEGETATION; RECOVERY; IMPACTS; INDICATORS; RESTORATION;
   DISTURBANCE
AB China's 2008 8.0 Ms Wenchuan earthquake and subsequent secondary geo-hazards caused widespread damage to vegetation-soil system in northwest China. In order to evaluate changes in soil quality status after damage, we established four treatments in the earthquake-affected area, including disturbed and treated sites in a dry hot climate (D-t), undisturbed sites in a dry hot climate (D-ud), disturbed and treated sites in a subtropical humid monsoon climate (S-t), and undisturbed sites in a subtropical humid monsoon climate (S-ud). Forty-eight soil samples were collected and analyzed for 27 soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted with 26 variables in significant differences except total potassium among D-t, D-ud, S-t, and S-ud. A minimum data set of soil indicators was established with available potassium (AK), K+, total salt content (TSC), and total phosphorus (TP) based on PCA results. Using the Integrated Quality Index (IQI) equation, we calculated the soil quality index (SQI). S-ud, S-t, D-ud, and D-t had mean SQI scores of 0.566, 0.275, 0.537, and 0374, respectively. Our results showed that undisturbed sites had better soil quality compared to disturbed and treated sites based on their superior physical indicators, superior nutrient conditions, and higher microbial carbon source metabolic diversity, especially in the subtropical humid monsoon climate with frequent rainfall. The SQI reflects the variations observed in earthquake-affected area and may be considered as a suitable technique for detecting changes in soils. Our results will also supply the fundamental data for evaluating the effects, design, and implementation of restoration programs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lin, Yongming; Deng, Haojun; Du, Kun; Li, Jian; Lin, Han; Chen, Can; Wu, Chengzhen; Hong, Tao; Zhang, Guangshuai] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
   [Lin, Yongming; Li, Jian; Lin, Han; Chen, Can; Wu, Chengzhen; Hong, Tao] Key Lab Forest Ecosyst Proc & Management Fujian P, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
   [Fisher, Loretta] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Wu, Chengzhen] Wuyi Univ, Coll Ecol & Resource Engn, Nanping 354300, Peoples R China.
C3 Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University; University of Washington;
   University of Washington Seattle; Wuyi University, Fujian
RP Wu, CZ (corresponding author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
EM 35938305@qq.com
TC 50
Z9 58
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-1987
EI 1879-3444
PD JAN
PY 2017
VL 165
BP 315
EP 324
DI 10.1016/j.still.2016.09.009
SC Agriculture
UT WOS:000385901200035
ER

PT J
AU Tang, YX
   Zhang, ZJ
   Wang, C
   Zhang, H
   Wu, F
   Liu, M
AF Tang, Yixian
   Zhang, Zhengjia
   Wang, Chao
   Zhang, Hong
   Wu, Fan
   Liu, Meng
TI Characterization of the giant landslide at Wenjiagou by the insar
   technique using TSX-TDX CoSSC data
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Bistatic InSAR; Landslide; Wenjiagou; Surface morphology
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; APERTURE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SAR
   INTERFEROMETRY; TANDEM-X; CHINA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SATELLITE; GIS;
   INVENTORY; WEIGHT
AB A landslide map is the most basic element for any landslide assessment, especially for giant landslides. However, due to remoteness and hazards, it is difficult to know the characteristics of these landslides after great earthquakes. In this study, the Coregistered Single look Slant range Complex(CoSSC) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from TerraSAR-X and its twin satellite TanDEM-X are employed to estimate a high-accuracy digital elevation model (DEM) for the giant landslide in Wenjiagou on Feb. 1, 2013, which was one of the biggest landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan great earthquake. Then, compared to the DEM from SRTM, the elevation change can be estimated, and the characteristics of the Wenjiagou landslide, such as the source and deposit area, are highlighted. Based on the estimation of elevation change, the initial and deposit volumes are estimated as 5.09 x 10(7) m(3) and 4.47 x 10(7) m(3) respectively which are in agreement with previous field investigations by other researchers. And the results also show that using bistatic space-borne SAR data is an effective means for timely assessment of the giant landslide.
C1 [Tang, Yixian; Zhang, Zhengjia; Wang, Chao; Zhang, Hong; Wu, Fan; Liu, Meng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Zhengjia] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy
   of Sciences, CAS
RP Wang, C (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
EM wangchao@radi.ac.cn
TC 12
Z9 12
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD OCT
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 5
BP 1015
EP 1021
DI 10.1007/s10346-015-0616-z
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000361983500014
ER

PT J
AU Chen, S
   Miao, ZL
   Wu, LX
   Zhang, AS
   Li, QR
   He, YG
AF Chen, Shuai
   Miao, Zelang
   Wu, Lixin
   Zhang, Anshu
   Li, Qirong
   He, Yueguang
TI A One-Class-Classifier-Based Negative Data Generation Method for Rapid
   Earthquake-Induced Landslide Susceptibility Mapping
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE earthquake-induced landslide; landslide susceptibility mapping; one
   class classifier; incomplete landslide inventory; negative data
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN;
   ABSENCE DATA; INVENTORY; HAZARD; MODELS; CHINA; AREA; VALIDATION
AB Machine learning with extensively labeled training samples (e.g., positive and negative data) has received much attention in terms of addressing earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM). However, the extensive amount of labeled training data required by machine learning, particularly the precise negative data (i.e., non-landslide area), cannot be easily and efficiently collected. To address this issue, this study presents a one-class-classifier-based negative data generation method for rapid earthquake-induced LSM. First, an incomplete landslide inventory (i.e., positive data) was produced with the aid of change detection using before-and-after satellite images and the Geographic Information System (GIS). Second, a one-class classifier was utilized to compute the probability of landslide occurrence based on the incomplete landslide inventory followed by the negative data generation from the low landslide susceptibility areas. Third, the positive data as well as the generated negative data (i.e., non-landslide) were compounded to train a traditional binary classifier to produce the final LSM. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method is capable of achieving a result that is comparable to methods using the complete landslide inventory, and it displays good correspondence with recent landslide events, making it a suitable method for rapid earthquake-induced LSM. The findings in this study would be useful in regional disaster planning and risk reduction.
C1 [Chen, Shuai; Miao, Zelang; Wu, Lixin; Li, Qirong] Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Infophys, Changsha, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Anshu] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [He, Yueguang] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Traff & Transportat Engn, Changsha, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Changsha
   University of Science & Technology
RP Miao, ZL (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Infophys, Changsha, Peoples R China.
EM zelang.miao@csu.edu.cn
TC 10
Z9 11
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD APR 12
PY 2021
VL 9
AR 609896
DI 10.3389/feart.2021.609896
SC Geology
UT WOS:000643714700001
ER

PT J
AU Guo, CB
   Zhang, YS
   Montgomery, DR
   Du, YB
   Zhang, GZ
   Wang, SF
AF Guo, Changbao
   Zhang, Yongshuang
   Montgomery, David R.
   Du, Yuben
   Zhang, Guangze
   Wang, Shifeng
TI How unusual is the long-runout of the earthquake-triggered giant
   Luanshibao landslide, Tibetan Plateau, China?
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Tibetan Plateau; Landslide; Active fault; Long-runout
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; AVALANCHE MOBILITY; RAPID LANDSLIDES; DEBRIS
   AVALANCHE; FAULT ZONE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DISASTER; FLOW; PREFECTURE;
   MECHANISM
AB In the Tibetan Plateau, active tectonic deformation triggers frequent earthquakes, and giant landslides associated with active faults produce serious consequences. A study of the characteristics and mechanism of a historical long-runout landslide in Luanshibao (LSB), Tibetan Plateau, China, finds a maximum sliding distance (L) of 3.83 km with an elevation drop (H) of 820 m. The landslide volume (V) was similar to 0.64-0.94 x 10(8) m(3), and it produced a long-runout (H/L = 0.21). Recent surface offset along the sinistral strike-slip Litang-Dewu fault passes through the middle part of the landslide, which initiated on the hanging wall of the fault. Geological mapping, geophysical prospecting, trenching, and C-14 dating together indicate that the LSB landslide occurred in jointed granite ca. 1980 +/- 30 YBP, probably triggered by a large earthquake. Compilation of volume and runout distance data for this landslide and other previously published data for volcanic and nonvolcanic long-runout landslides yields a composite runout length-volume relation (L = 12.52V(0.37)) that closely predicts runout of the LSB landslide, although substantial variation is noted in runout length around the central tendency. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Guo, Changbao; Zhang, Yongshuang; Wang, Shifeng] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Changbao; Zhang, Yongshuang] MLR, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Montgomery, David R.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Du, Yuben; Zhang, Guangze] China Railway Eryuan Engn Grp Ltd, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; University
   of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
RP Guo, CB (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM guochangbao@cags.ac.cn
TC 52
Z9 72
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD APR 15
PY 2016
VL 259
BP 145
EP 154
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.02.013
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000374199000012
ER

PT J
AU Wang, QX
   Xu, C
   Xu, JX
AF Wang, Qinxia
   Xu, Chong
   Xu, Jixiang
TI Exploration of Landslide Geomorphology and Inventory Construction in
   Minhe County, Qinghai, China, Based on Google Earth Remote Sensing
   Imagery
SO TRANSACTIONS IN GIS
DT Article
DE landslide inventory; Minhe County; Qinghai-Tibet plateau region; visual
   interpretation
ID HAZARD ASSESSMENT; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DATABASE; SLOPE; GIS; PROVINCE;
   YUNNAN; ZONE; AREA
AB The upper reaches of the Yellow River, located at the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, are characterized by intense tectonic activity and widespread landslide geomorphology. Creating a detailed and objective map of landslide geomorphology in this region is crucial for understanding the development of landslides. However, the availability of high-quality landslide inventories in this area is limited, hindering a comprehensive understanding of landslide development and scientific landslide disaster prevention efforts. This study utilized multi-temporal high-resolution remote sensing imagery provided by the Google Earth platform to conduct a thorough landslide geomorphology survey and inventory construction in Minhe County, located in the upper Yellow River. The results show that within the study area of 1890.82 km2, at least 5517 landslide geomorphologies were identified, covering an area of 434.43 km2, with landslide-affected areas accounting for approximately 22.98% of the total area. The largest single landslide area is 1.62 x 106 m2, while the smallest single landslide area is 880.22 m2, with an average landslide area of 78743.04 m2. The highest landslide point density reached 11.5 km-2. More than 80% of the landslides were distributed in the townships of Qianhe, Zhongchuan, Guanting, and Bazhou. Landslides were predominantly distributed along the tributaries of the Huangshui and Yellow Rivers, with denser occurrences at river bends. In addition, some landslide geomorphologies are located in densely populated village areas, posing significant safety risks. These results provide valuable data support for further analysis of landslide spatial distribution in Minhe County, landslide risk assessment, and other related research.
C1 [Wang, Qinxia; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Jixiang] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 3
Z9 4
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1361-1682
EI 1467-9671
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 29
IS 1
DI 10.1111/tgis.13281
EA DEC 2024
SC Geography
UT WOS:001373837400001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, QA
   Zhang, SA
   Li, WL
AF Xu Qiang
   Zhang Shuai
   Li Weile
TI Spatial distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the 5.12
   Wenchuan Earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; Distribution pattern; Direction
   effect; Locked segment effect
AB The 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 induced hundreds of large-scale landslides. This paper systematically analyzes 112 large-scale landslides (surface area > 50000 m(2)), which were identified by interpretation of remote sensing imagery and field investigations. The analysis suggests that the distribution of large-scale landslides is affected by the following four factors: (a) distance effect: 80% of studied large-scale landslides are located within a distance of 5 km from the seismic faults. The farther the distance to the faults, the lower the number of large-scale landslides; (b) locked segment effect: the large-scale landslides are mainly located in five concentration zones closely related with the crossing, staggering and transfer sections between one seismic fault section and the next one, as well as the end of the NE fault section. The zone with the highest concentration was the Hongbai-Chaping segment, where a great number of large-scale landslides including the two largest landslides were located. The second highest concentration of large-scale landslides was observed in the Nanba-Donghekou segment at the end of NE fault, where the Donghekou landslide and the Woqian landslide occurred; (c) Hanging wall effect: about 70% of the large-scale landslides occurred on the hanging wall of the seismic faults; and (d) direction effect: in valleys perpendicular to the seismic faults, the density of large-scale landslides on the slopes facing the seismic wave is obviously higher than that on the slopes dipping in the same direction as the direction of propagation of the seismic wave. Meanwhile, it is found that the sliding and moving directions of large-scale landslides are related to the staggering direction of the faults in each section. In Qingchuan County where the main fault activity was horizontal twisting and staggering, a considerable number of landslides showed the feature of sliding and moving in NE direction which coincides with the staggering direction of the seismic faults.
C1 [Xu Qiang; Zhang Shuai; Li Weile] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Xu, QA (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM xuqiang_68@126.com
TC 87
Z9 105
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 2
BP 246
EP 260
DI 10.1007/s11629-011-2105-8
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000289004600017
ER

PT J
AU Wang, M
   Yang, WT
   Shi, PJ
   Xu, C
   Liu, LY
AF Wang, Ming
   Yang, Wentao
   Shi, Peijun
   Xu, Chong
   Liu, Lianyou
TI Diagnosis of Vegetation Recovery in Mountainous Regions After the
   Wenchuan Earthquake
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
   SENSING
DT Article
DE Dynamic process; earthquake; landslides; Moderate-Resolution Imaging
   Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI);
   spatial pattern; vegetation recovery
ID CENTRAL TAIWAN; LANDSLIDES; HAZARD; DESTRUCTION
AB The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 resulted in numerous landslides disturbing vast areas of vegetation. However, almost 5 years following the catastrophic event, vegetation recovery in the affected regions experienced dynamic changes. In this paper, a new method is proposed to detect poor vegetation recovery areas (PVRAs) where vegetation recovery has experienced significant difficulty. By using 8-day interval Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images from 2000 to 2012, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values after the Wenchuan earthquake are compared with past NDVI distributions before the earthquake. This method fully considers the dynamic processes of vegetation recovery, including both seasonal and annual variation in NDVI values, and identifies landslide disturbances from natural fluctuations. Then, the method has been applied in the study area in Pingwu County to detect vegetation recovery and its validity has been checked by field works and manual interpretation of different periods of SPOT5 imageries. By comparing unrecovered vegetation sites, the optimal threshold to define PVRA is determined. This research has singled out four types of PVRA (namely "deposition," "back scar," "mixed large," and "land use change" types) in the study area, with each type of PVRA linked to different reasons for poor vegetation recovery. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the mostly affected counties, where Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) is greater than VIII. Spatial patterns of PVRA indicate that vegetation has experienced significantly poor process over relatively widespread regions.
C1 [Wang, Ming; Yang, Wentao; Shi, Peijun; Liu, Lianyou] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ming; Yang, Wentao; Shi, Peijun; Liu, Lianyou] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University; China Earthquake
   Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Yang, WT (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM yangwtgeo@gmail.com; spj@bnu.edu.cn
TC 45
Z9 48
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
EI 2151-1535
PD JUL
PY 2014
VL 7
IS 7
SI SI
BP 3029
EP 3037
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2327794
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000341568700030
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YS
   Yao, X
   Xiong, TY
   Ma, YS
   Hu, DG
   Yang, N
   Guo, CB
AF Zhang Yongshuang
   Yao Xin
   Xiong Tanyu
   Ma Yinsheng
   Hu Daogong
   Yang Nong
   Guo Changbao
TI Rapid Identification and Emergency Investigation of Surface Ruptures and
   Geohazards Induced by the Ms 7.1 Yushu Earthquake
SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION
DT Article
DE Yushu earthquake; InSAR; surface rupture; macroscopic epicenter;
   earthquake geohazard
ID 8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU; ACTIVE FAULT;
   DEFORMATION; SICHUAN; SYSTEM; CHINA
AB The rapid identification based on InSAR technology was proved to be effective in our emergency investigation of surface ruptures and geohazards induced by the Yushu earthquake. The earthquake-generating fault of the Yushu earthquake is the Yushu section of the Garze-Yushu faults zone. It strikes NWW-NW, 23 km long near the Yushu County seat, dominated by left-lateral strike slip, and appearing as a surface rupture zone. The macroscopic epicenter is positioned at Guo-yang-yan-song-duo of Gyegu Town (33 degrees 03'11 ' N, 96 degrees 51'26 ' E), where the co-seismic horizontal offset measured is 1.75 m. Geohazards induced by the Yushu earthquake are mainly rockfalls, landslides, debris flows, and unstable slopes. They are controlled by the earthquake-generating fault and are mostly distributed along it. There are several geohazard chains having been established, such as earthquake, canal damage, soil liquefying, landslide-debris flow, earthquake, soil liquefying, roadbed deformation, etc. In order to prevent seismic hazards, generally, where there is a visible surface rupture induced by the Yushu earthquake, reconstruction should be at least beyond 20 m, on each side, from it. Sufficient attention should also be given to potential geohazards or geohazard chains induced by the earthquake.
C1 [Zhang Yongshuang; Yao Xin; Xiong Tanyu; Ma Yinsheng; Hu Daogong; Yang Nong; Guo Changbao] MLR, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang Yongshuang; Yao Xin; Xiong Tanyu; Ma Yinsheng; Hu Daogong; Yang Nong; Guo Changbao] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
RP Zhang, YS (corresponding author), MLR, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM zhys100@sohu.com
TC 15
Z9 23
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1000-9515
PY 2010
VL 84
IS 6
BP 1315
EP 1327
DI 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00330.x
SC Geology
UT WOS:000285753000001
ER

PT J
AU Tian, CS
   Guo, BY
   Li, M
   Yao, YQ
   Ghimire, SK
   Zhang, LL
   Zhang, CY
   Wei, L
   Jiang, YQ
   Li, XW
AF Tian, Congshan
   Guo, Baoyue
   Li, Ming
   Yao, Yuqi
   Ghimire, Shravan Kumar
   Zhang, Lili
   Zhang, Chengyan
   Wei, Li
   Jiang, Yiqin
   Li, Xingwei
TI Disparate perceived resilience of rural households at different altitude
   belts: An empirical study from the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area,
   China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Livelihood resilience; Multiple hazards; Disaster preparedness; Disaster
   experience; Rural households; Wenchuan earthquake
ID DISASTER RISK REDUCTION; COMMUNITY RESILIENCE; SOCIAL RESILIENCE;
   FARMERS INTENTIONS; DEBRIS FLOW; PREPAREDNESS; GOVERNMENT; FRAMEWORK;
   LESSONS; SYSTEM
AB The perceived resilience of rural households has attracted considerable attention among both practitioners and researchers. However, a research gap still exists regarding its quantitative evaluation, place-based characteristics, and impact mechanisms in areas threatened by multiple hazards. Based on data from 399 household questionnaire in typical villages of Wenchuan County, the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, a conceptual indicator framework of perceived resilience was established. Factor analysis was used to quantitatively evaluate the perceived resilience of rural households at different altitude gradient areas. A multiple linear regression model was used to describe the determinants of perceived resilience among different groups of households with disparate disaster experiences. The results show that: (1) A four-dimensional framework encompassing pre-disaster preventive capability, disaster coping capacity, postdisaster adaptive capacity, and learning and transition capability was identified by factor analysis for the quantitative measurement of the perceived resilience of rural households. (2) Their perceived resilience decreases with increasing altitude; the average perceived resilience score of households in the valley area is 1.5 times higher than that in the high mountains area. (3) Rural households with more experience of natural disasters exhibited higher levels of perceived resilience; however, this trend was reversed in the high mountains area. (4) The perceived resilience of households was significantly affected by most of the examined disaster preparedness indicators and a few of the examined personal characteristics indicators. For improving perceived resilience of rural households living in the study area, it is recommended to establish psychological crisis intervention networks in the valley area, promote more diversified livelihood strategies in the mid-mountains area, and mitigate the impacts of meteorological disasters in the high mountains area, respectively.
C1 [Tian, Congshan; Guo, Baoyue; Yao, Yuqi; Zhang, Lili; Zhang, Chengyan; Wei, Li; Jiang, Yiqin; Li, Xingwei] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Architecture & Urban Rural Planning, Chengdu 611830, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ming; Ghimire, Shravan Kumar] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan Agricultural University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Li, XW (corresponding author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Architecture & Urban Rural Planning, Chengdu 611830, Peoples R China.; Li, M (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
EM 41487@sicau.edu.cn; gby15308143655@126.com; liming@imde.ac.cn;
   yyq18268137359@126.com; shravanghimire@outlook.com; 41414@sicau.edu.cn;
   41358@sicau.edu.cn; wl18782983956@126.com; jyq1453685589@126.com;
   xwl@sicau.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD APR
PY 2025
VL 22
IS 4
BP 1151
EP 1168
DI 10.1007/s11629-024-9126-6
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001473904400021
ER

PT J
AU Abuzied, S
   Ibrahim, S
   Kaiser, M
   Saleem, T
AF Abuzied, Sara
   Ibrahim, Samia
   Kaiser, Mona
   Saleem, Tarek
TI Geospatial susceptibility mapping of earthquake-induced landslides in
   Nuweiba area, Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Remote Sensing (RS); Landslides;
   Susceptibility mapping; Weights; Nuweiba area
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INTEGRATED APPROACH; HAZARD ZONATION; GIS;
   MODELS
AB Earthquake induced landslides are one of the most severe geo-environmental hazards that cause enormous damage to infrastructure, property, and loss of life in Nuweiba area. This study developed a model for mapping the earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility in Nuweiba area in Egypt with considerations of geological, geomorphological, topographical, and seismological factors. An integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS technologies were applied for that target. Several data sources including Terra SAR-X and SPOT 5 satellite imagery, topographic maps, field data, and other geospatial resources were used to model landslide susceptibility. These data were used specifically to produce important thematic layers contributing to landslide occurrences in the region. A rating scheme was developed to assign ranks for the thematic layers and weights for their classes based on their contribution in landslide susceptibility. The ranks and weights were defined based on the knowledge from field survey and authors experiences related to the study area. The landslide susceptibility map delineates the hazard zones to three relative classes of susceptibility: high, moderate, and low. Therefore, the current approach provides a way to assess landslide hazards and serves for geo-hazard planning and prediction in Nuweiba area.
C1 [Abuzied, Sara] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
   [Abuzied, Sara; Ibrahim, Samia; Kaiser, Mona; Saleem, Tarek] Suez Canal Univ, Dept Geol, Fac Sci, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
C3 University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman; Egyptian
   Knowledge Bank (EKB); Suez Canal University
RP Abuzied, S (corresponding author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73072 USA.; Abuzied, S (corresponding author), Suez Canal Univ, Dept Geol, Fac Sci, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
EM saraabozied2@gmail.com; skmmohamd@hotmail.com;
   mona_kaysar@science.suez.edu.eg; tarekselem73@yahoo.com
TC 21
Z9 27
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUL
PY 2016
VL 13
IS 7
BP 1286
EP 1303
DI 10.1007/s11629-015-3441-x
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000379268900013
ER

PT J
AU Lee, MJ
   Park, I
   Lee, S
AF Lee, Moung-Jin
   Park, Inhye
   Lee, Saro
TI Forecasting and validation of landslide susceptibility using an
   integration of frequency ratio and neuro-fuzzy models: a case study of
   Seorak mountain area in Korea
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Integration; Frequency ratio; Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system
   (ANFIS); Landslide; GIS Korea
ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; INFERENCE SYSTEM; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; DECISION-TREE; GIS; AGREEMENT; HAZARD; PROBABILITY; RAINFALL
AB Landslides susceptibility maps were constructed in Seorak mountain area, Korea, using an integration of frequency ratio and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in geographical information system (GIS) environment. Landslide occurrence areas were detected in the study by interpreting aerial photographs and field survey data. Landslide locations were randomly selected in a 50/50 ratio for training and validation of the models, respectively. Topography, geology, soil, and forest databases were also constructed. Maps relevant to landslide occurrence were assembled in a spatial database. Using the constructed spatial database, 17 landslide-related factors were extracted. The adaptive ANFIS model with different types of membership functions (MFs) was then applied for landslide susceptibility mapping in the study area. Two landslide susceptibility maps were prepared using the different MFs. The frequency ratio model was also applied to the landslide susceptibility mapping for comparing with the probabilistic ANFIS model. Finally, the resulting landslide susceptibility maps were validated using the landslide locations which were not used for training the ANFIS. The validation results showed 75.57 % accuracy using the generalized bell-shaped MF model, 74.94 % accuracy using the Sigmoidal 2 MF model and 73.07 % accuracy using frequency ratio model. These accuracy results show that an ANFIS can be an effective tool in landslide susceptibility mapping.
C1 [Lee, Moung-Jin] Korea Environm Inst, Sejong 339007, South Korea.
   [Park, Inhye] Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Seoul 130743, South Korea.
   [Lee, Saro] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources KIGAM, Div Geol Res, Taejon 305350, South Korea.
C3 Korea Environment Institute (KEI); University of Seoul; Korea Institute
   of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM)
RP Lee, S (corresponding author), Korea Univ Sci & Technol, 217 Gajeong Ro, Taejon 305350, South Korea.
EM leesaro@kigam.re.kr
TC 51
Z9 54
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD JUL
PY 2015
VL 74
IS 1
BP 413
EP 429
DI 10.1007/s12665-015-4048-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000356347800031
ER

PT J
AU Nian, TK
   Zhang, YJ
   Wu, H
   Chen, GQ
   Zheng, L
AF Nian, Ting-kai
   Zhang, Yan-jun
   Wu, Hao
   Chen, Guang-qi
   Zheng, Lu
TI Runout simulation of seismic landslides using discontinuous deformation
   analysis (DDA) with state-dependent shear strength model
SO CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL
DT Article
DE seismic landslide; runout analysis; shear strength degradation;
   numerical modelling; discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA)
ID FRICTION DEGRADATION; GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; DISPLACEMENT; MOBILITY; BLOCK;
   VELOCITY; KINEMATICS
AB The reliable numerical simulation of the landslide process contributes to the establishment of evidence-based disaster mitigation measures in seismically active zones. To achieve this goal, a simple and unified state-dependent shear strength model of discontinuities is presented to describe the shear strength degradation in a seismic landslide process. The proposed model establishes a relationship between the shear strength parameters and the global safety factor of the slope by assuming that the slope instability (or landslide initiation) is accompanied by an instantaneous shear strength degradation of discontinuities. To realize the model numerically, the algorithms for the computation of global safety factor and the modification of shear strength parameters were incorporated into the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). Subsequently, the kinematic accuracy of the improved DDA method was validated by comparisons with theoretical solutions for the dynamic sliding of a block on an inclined plane. Numerical simulations of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake were performed using the improved DDA method. The results illustrate that the shear strength degradation of discontinuities affect the evolution process, travel distance, and post-failure shape of the seismic landslide significantly.
C1 [Nian, Ting-kai; Zhang, Yan-jun; Wu, Hao] Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China.
   [Nian, Ting-kai; Zhang, Yan-jun; Wu, Hao] Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Coastal & Offshore Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Guang-qi] Kyushu Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan.
   [Zheng, Lu] Fuzhou Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Fuzhou 350108, Peoples R China.
C3 Dalian University of Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Kyushu
   University; Fuzhou University
RP Nian, TK (corresponding author), Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China.; Nian, TK (corresponding author), Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Coastal & Offshore Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China.
EM tknian@dlut.edu.cn
TC 25
Z9 27
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING
PI OTTAWA
PA 123 Slater Street, Suite 610, OTTAWA, ON K1P 5H2, CANADA
SN 0008-3674
EI 1208-6010
PD AUG
PY 2020
VL 57
IS 8
BP 1183
EP 1196
DI 10.1139/cgj-2019-0312
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000557352200006
ER

PT J
AU Wu, ZH
   Dong, SW
   Barosh, PJ
   Mang, ZH
   Liao, HJ
AF Wu Zhenhan
   Dong Shuwen
   Barosh, Patrick J.
   Mang Zuoheng
   Liao Huaijun
TI Dextral-Slip Thrust Faulting and Seismic Events of the
   Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake, Longmenshan Mountains,
   Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION
DT Article
DE M-s 8; 0 Wenchuan earthquake; co-seismic slip; slickensides; seismic
   events; Central Longmenshan Fault; Eastern Tibetan Plateau
ID CHINA
AB Dextral-slip thrust movement of the Songpan-Garze terrain over the Sichuan block caused the M-s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 and offset the Central Longmenshan Fault (CLF) along a distance of similar to 250 km. Displacement along the CLF changes from Yingxiu to Qingchuan. The total oblique slip of up to 7.6 m in Yingxiu near the epicenter of the earthquake, decreases northeastward to 5.3 m, 6.6 m, 4.4 m, 2.5 m and 1.1 m in Hongkou, Beichuan, Pingtong, Nanba and Qingchuan, respectively. This offset apparently occurred during a sequence of four reported seismic events, EQ1-EQ4, which were identified by seismic inversion of the source mechanism. These events occurred in rapid succession as the fault break propagated northeastward during the earthquake. Variations in the plunge of slickensides along the CLF appear to match these events. The Mw 7.5 EQ1 event occurred during the first 0-10 s along the Yingxiu-Hongkou section of the CLF and is characterized by 1.7 m vertical slip and vertical slickensides. The Mw 8.0 EQ2 event, which occurred during the next 10-42 s along the Yingxiu-Yanziyan section of the CLF, is marked by major dextral-slip with minor thrust and slickensides plunging 25 degrees-35 degrees southwestward. The Mw 7.5 EQ3 event occurred during the following 42-60 s and resulted in dextral-slip and slickensides plunging 10 degrees southwestward in Beichuan and plunging 73 degrees southwestward in Hongkou. The Mw 7.7 EQ4 event, which occurred during the final 60-95 s along the Beichuan-Qingchuan section of the CLF, is characterized by nearly equal values of dextral and vertical slips with slickensides plunging 45 degrees-50 degrees southwestward. These seismic events match and evidently controlled the concentrations of landslide dams caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in Longmenshan Mountains.
C1 [Wu Zhenhan] CAGS, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Dong Shuwen] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
   [Barosh, Patrick J.] PJ Barosh & Associates, Bristol, RI 02809 USA.
   [Mang Zuoheng] China Geol Survey, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
   [Liao Huaijun] Geol Brigade 316, Chongqing 401147, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; China Geological Survey
RP Wu, ZH (corresponding author), CAGS, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM wuzhenhan@sohu.com
TC 8
Z9 10
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1000-9515
EI 1755-6724
PY 2009
VL 83
IS 4
BP 685
EP 693
DI 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00092.x
SC Geology
UT WOS:000268027700002
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XL
   Shan, XJ
   Wang, MM
   Liu, CG
   Han, NN
AF Chen, Xiao-li
   Shan, Xin-jian
   Wang, Ming-ming
   Liu, Chun-guo
   Han, Na-na
TI Distribution Pattern of Coseismic Landslides Triggered by the 2017
   Jiuzhaigou Ms 7.0 Earthquake of China: Control of Seismic Landslide
   Susceptibility
SO ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION
DT Article
DE coseismic landslides; seismic landslide susceptibility; Newmark method;
   2017 M-S 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake; potential landslide area generation
   rate
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MODELS; FAULT
AB On 8 August 2017 an earthquake (M(S)7.0) occurred within Jiuzhaigou County, Northern Ab a Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, triggering 4834 landslides with an individual area greater than 7.8 m(2) over a more than 400 km(2) region. Instead of correlating geological and topographic factors with the coseismic landslide distribution pattern, this study has attempted to reveal the control from seismic landslide susceptibility mapping, which relies on the calculation of critical acceleration values using a simplified Newmark block model. We calculated the average critical acceleration for each cell of the gridded study area (1 kmx1 km), which represented the seismic landslide susceptibility of the cell. An index of the potential landslide area generation rate was defined, i.e., the possible landsliding area in each grid cell. In combination with PGA (peak ground acceleration) distribution, we calculated such indexes for each cell to predict the possible landslide hazard under seismic ground shaking. Results show that seismic landslide susceptibility plays an important role in determining the coseismic landslide pattern. The places with high seismic landslide susceptibility tends to host many landslides. Additionally, the areas with high potential landslide area generation rates have high real landslide occurrence rates, consistent with dominant small-medium scale landslides by this earthquake. This approach can aid assessment of seismic landslide hazards at a preliminary stage. Additionally, it forms a foundation for further research, such as the rapid evaluation of post-earthquake landslides and identifying highly impacted areas to help decision makers prioritize disaster relief efforts.
C1 [Chen, Xiao-li; Shan, Xin-jian] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ming-ming] Sichuan Earthquake Adm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Chun-guo] China Earthquake Networks Ctr, Beijing 100045, Peoples R China.
   [Han, Na-na] Seismol Bur Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Sichuan Earthquake Agency, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; China Earthquake Networks Center, CEA
RP Chen, XL (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM chenxl@ies.ac.cn; xjshan@ies.ac.cn; dannywang9088@163.com;
   lcg@seis.ac.cn; hannana@shea.gov.cn
TC 21
Z9 25
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2220-9964
PD APR
PY 2020
VL 9
IS 4
AR 198
DI 10.3390/ijgi9040198
SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
UT WOS:000539535700013
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, Y
   Li, HJ
   Tang, R
   Fan, ZF
   Mao, LX
   Lu, YF
   Pu, CH
   He, YS
AF Zhu, Yu
   Li, Huajin
   Tang, Ran
   Fan, Zhanfeng
   Mao, Lixuan
   Lu, Yifei
   Pu, Chuanhao
   He, Yusen
TI Assessing the Influence of Environmental Factors on Landslide Frequency
   and Intensity in Northwestern Sichuan, SW China, Using Multi-Temporal
   Satellite Imagery
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslide dynamics; multi-temporal satellite imagery; environmental
   factors; foehn effect; threshold model
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL; CLIMATE; FOEHN
AB Landslides are a significant geological hazard with substantial socio-economic and environmental consequences, particularly in northwestern Sichuan, SW China, where complex geological and climatic conditions contribute to their occurrence. This study examines 1629 recorded landslide events, including 240 active landslides that have undergone substantial changes over the past two decades. By analyzing multi-temporal satellite imagery, this research investigates the relationship between landslide occurrence and key environmental factors such as annual rainfall and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results reveal that landslides are most frequent on southwest-, south-, east-, and southeast-facing slopes, where the F & ouml;hn effect interacts with rainfall and vegetation patterns, thereby increasing landslide susceptibility. Rainfall intensity is identified as a critical factor, with landslide areas expanding significantly when annual rainfall exceeds 650 mm, while minimal changes are observed when rainfall is below 550 mm. The relationship between the NDVI and landslide occurrence is non-linear; higher vegetation cover does not necessarily correlate with reduced landslide frequency. Notably, landslide expansion is more pronounced when NDVI values are below 0.82, with a suppression effect occurring beyond this threshold. A threshold model based on the interaction between the NDVI and rainfall provides valuable insights into landslide dynamics, offering a framework for improved risk management. Slope characteristics are crucial in landslide evolution, with steeper slopes leading to greater vertical drops and more frequent events, making slope zone identification key for predicting future expansion.
C1 [Zhu, Yu; Li, Huajin; Tang, Ran; Fan, Zhanfeng] Chengdu Univ, Sch Architecture & Civil Engn, Chengdu 610106, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Huajin; Tang, Ran; Pu, Chuanhao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Mao, Lixuan] Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Lu, Yifei] Univ Calif San Diego, Jacobs Sch Engn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
   [He, Yusen] Univ Iowa, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
C3 Chengdu University; Chengdu University of Technology; Cornell
   University; University of California System; University of California
   San Diego; University of Iowa
RP Li, HJ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM 212023085901030@cdu.edu.cn; lihuajin@cdu.edu.cn; tangran@cdu.edu.cn;
   fanzhanfeng@cdu.edu.cn; lm769@cornell.edu; y7lu@ucsd.edu;
   pch@cdut.edu.cn; yusen-he@uiowa.edu
TC 1
Z9 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD JUN 17
PY 2025
VL 17
IS 12
AR 2083
DI 10.3390/rs17122083
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001516080100001
ER

PT J
AU Hess, DM
   Leshchinsky, BA
   Bunn, M
   Mason, HB
   Olsen, MJ
AF Hess, Daniel M.
   Leshchinsky, Ben A.
   Bunn, Michael
   Mason, H. Benjamin
   Olsen, Michael J.
TI A simplified three-dimensional shallow landslide susceptibility
   framework considering topography and seismicity
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Lidar; Three-dimensional slope stability; Susceptibility analysis;
   Infrastructure; Seismic; Shallow landslides
ID GENERALIZED ANALYTICAL EXPRESSION; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; ROOT REINFORCEMENT; LIMIT EQUILIBRIUM; STABILITY
   MODEL; GIS; HAZARD; PRESSURE; STRENGTH
AB Shallow landslides are a prevalent concern in mountainous or hilly regions that can result in severe societal, economic, and environmental impacts. The challenge is further compounded as the size and location of a potential slide is often unknown. This study presents a generalized approach for the evaluation of regional shallow landslide susceptibility using an existing shallow landslide inventory, remote sensing data, and various geotechnical scenarios. The three-dimensional limit equilibrium model derived in this study uses a raster-based approach that uniquely integrates tree root reinforcement, earth pressure boundary forces, and pseudo-static seismic accelerations. Contributions of this methodology include the back-calculation of soil strength from a landslide inventory, sensitivity analyses regarding landslide size-pixel size relationships, and the determination of shallow landslide susceptibility for a landscape or infrastructure considering various root, water, and seismic conditions using lidar bare-earth DEMs as a topographic input. Using a distribution of inventoried landslide points and random points in non-landslide locales, the proposed methodology demonstrated reasonable correlation between regions of high landslide susceptibility and observed shallow landslides within a 150-km(2) region of the Oregon Coast Range when the water-height ratio was 0.5. The method may be improved by considering spatial hydrologic conditions and geology more explicitly.
C1 [Hess, Daniel M.] 1200 NW Naito Pkwy,Suite 180, Portland, OR 97209 USA.
   [Leshchinsky, Ben A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 273 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Bunn, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, 101 Kearney Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Mason, H. Benjamin] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, 338 Owen Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Olsen, Michael J.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, 313 Owen Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
C3 Oregon State University; Oregon State University; Oregon State
   University; Oregon State University
RP Leshchinsky, BA (corresponding author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, 273 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM ben.leshchinsky@orgeonstate.edu
TC 49
Z9 51
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD OCT
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 5
BP 1677
EP 1697
DI 10.1007/s10346-017-0810-2
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000410840000009
ER

PT J
AU Ye, CM
   Li, Y
   Cui, P
   Liang, L
   Pirasteh, S
   Marcato, J 
   Gonçalves, WN
   Li, J
AF Ye, Chengming
   Li, Yao
   Cui, Peng
   Liang, Li
   Pirasteh, Saeid
   Marcato, Jose, Jr.
   Goncalves, Wesley Nunes
   Li, Jonathan
TI Landslide Detection of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data Based on Deep
   Learning With Constrains
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
   SENSING
DT Article
DE Terrain factors; Feature extraction; Hyperspectral imaging; Deep
   learning; Support vector machines; Deep belief network (DBN); deep
   learning; feature extraction; hyperspectral data; landslide
ID SPECTRAL-SPATIAL CLASSIFICATION; IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; SOIL-EROSION; INVENTORY; FOREST; INTERFEROMETRY;
   BIODIVERSITY; REGRESSION; FEATURES
AB Detecting and monitoring landslides are hot topics in remote sensing community, particularly with the development of remote sensing technologies and the significant progress of computer vision. To the best of our knowledge, no study focused on deep learning-based methods for landslide detection on hyperspectral images. We proposes a deep learning framework with constraints to detect landslides on hyperspectral image. The framework consists of two steps. First, a deep belief network is employed to extract the spectral-spatial features of a landslide. Second, we insert the high-level features and constraints into a logistic regression classifier for verifying the landslide. Experimental results demonstrated that the framework can achieve higher overall accuracy when compared to traditional hyperspectral image classification methods. The precision of the landslide detection on the whole image, obtained by the proposed method, can reach 97.91%, whereas the precision of the linear support vector machine, spectral information divergence, and spectral angle match are 94.36%, 84.50%, and 86.44%, respectively. Also, this article reveals that the high-level feature extraction system has a significant potential for landslide detection, especially in multi-source remote sensing.
C1 [Ye, Chengming] Chengdu Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Explorat & Informat Technol, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yao; Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yao; Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yao; Cui, Peng] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Liang, Li] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Pirasteh, Saeid] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
   [Marcato, Jose, Jr.; Goncalves, Wesley Nunes] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Fac Engn Architecture & Urbanism & Geog, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
   [Goncalves, Wesley Nunes] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Fac Comp Sci, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
   [Li, Jonathan] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
   [Li, Jonathan] Univ Waterloo, Dept Syst Design Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,
   CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; Southwest Jiaotong University;
   Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul; Universidade Federal de Mato
   Grosso do Sul; University of Waterloo; University of Waterloo
RP Li, Y (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Li, Y (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM rsgis@sina.com; yaolicd@hotmail.com; pengcui@imde.ac.cn;
   liangl@cdut.edu.cn; s2pirast@uwaterloo.ca; wesley.goncalves@ufms.br;
   junli@uwaterloo.ca
TC 116
Z9 127
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
EI 2151-1535
PD DEC
PY 2019
VL 12
IS 12
BP 5047
EP 5060
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2019.2951725
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000515698700030
ER

PT J
AU Ren, ZK
   Zhang, ZQ
   Dai, FC
   Yin, JH
   Zhang, HP
AF Ren, Zhikun
   Zhang, Zhuqi
   Dai, Fuchu
   Yin, Jinhui
   Zhang, Huiping
TI Topographic changes due to the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake as
   revealed by the differential DEM method
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; Longmen Shan; Topographic change; Denudation;
   Differential DEM
ID EASTERN MARGIN; AIRBORNE LIDAR; THRUST BELT; LANDSLIDES; EROSION; FAULT;
   OBLIQUE; UPLIFT; RIVER; FIELD
AB Landscape evolution in active orogenic regions is inevitably affected by the repeated strong earthquakes triggered by the corresponding active faults. However, the lack of adequate methods for the documentation and monitoring of mountain-building processes has resulted in a shortage of quantitative estimates of orogenic and eroded volumes. A strong earthquake and its associated co-seismic landslides represent a sudden pulse in landscape evolution in tectonically active areas. The 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake dramatically modified the topography of the Longmen Shan region. Based on topographic data before the earthquake and stereo pairs of post-earthquake remote sensing imagery, we derived pre- and post-earthquake DEMs (digital elevation models) of the three regions along the Longmen Shan Thrust Belt. By comparing the geomorphic features before and after the earthquake, we find that the Wenchuan earthquake smoothed the steep relief and caused a co-seismic uplift of the Longmen Shan region. The medium-relief regions increased; however, the high-relief regions decreased, indicating that the local relief is controlled by repeated strong earthquakes. The changed slope aspect indicates that the formation and modification of the east- and west-facing slopes are controlled by tectonic events in the Longmen Shan region, which might be associated with the regional stress field. However, the unchanged aspects of other slopes might be controlled by long-term erosion rather than tectonic events. The topographic changes, landslide volume and co-seismic uplift indicate that the greatest seismically induced denudation occurred in association with a thrust faulting mechanism and low-angle fault geometry. Our findings reveal that the local relief has been shaped by the localized, seismically induced high rate of denudation within the plateau margins, and that the formation of local relief is also related to tectonic events, especially the events that have occurred on low-angle faults. This study also indicates that the multi-temporal DEM differential method is valuable in detecting seismically induced topographic change. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ren, Zhikun; Zhang, Zhuqi; Yin, Jinhui; Zhang, Huiping] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Ren, Zhikun] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Geophys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
   [Dai, Fuchu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Kyoto
   University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology &
   Geophysics, CAS
RP Ren, ZK (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM rzk@ies.ac.cn
TC 26
Z9 28
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JUL 15
PY 2014
VL 217
BP 122
EP 130
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.020
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000338818700010
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XQ
   Cui, P
   You, Y
   Cheng, ZL
   Khan, A
   Ye, CY
   Zhang, S
AF Chen, Xiaoqing
   Cui, Peng
   You, Yong
   Cheng, Zunlan
   Khan, Asif
   Ye, Chengyin
   Zhang, Shu
TI Dam-break risk analysis of the Attabad landslide dam in Pakistan and
   emergency countermeasures
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Pakistan; Attabad landslide dam; Stability analysis; Dam-break risk
   analysis; Emergency disposal
AB The Attabad landslide dam caused significant property losses and many human casualties in Pakistan, and also greatly affected the operation of the China-Pakistan Karakoram Highway (KKH). This paper discusses the risk of dam breach and hazards to the KKH project construction site following a dam breach. The paper examines the following three topics. (1) The geomorphologic dimensionless blockage index (DBI) and the analogy method were used to analyze the stability of the Attabad landslide dam. The long-term behaviors of landslide dams downstream of the Attabad landslide dam indicate that the risk of a dam breach exists, but the probability of a total dam failure is low. (2) The peak discharge of a potential breach of the Attabad landslide dam was calculated for scenarios in which 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, and total failure of the dam was breached. The potential breach discharge decreases with the downstream distance. (3) The potential impacts of the landslide dam breach on the KKH project construction site were analyzed. Based on the composition of the landslide dam, the probability of a 1/3 dam breach is high. To ensure the safety of downstream areas, disaster preparedness plans that correspond to the 1/2 dam breach scenario should be developed. Based on experience in addressing the landslide dam that was caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake, artificial controlled drainage measures are suggested and provide a technical reference for addressing the Attabad landslide dam and achieving recovery and normal operation of KKH.
C1 [Chen, Xiaoqing; Cui, Peng; You, Yong; Cheng, Zunlan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, CAS Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xiaoqing; Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Khan, Asif] Univ Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
   [Ye, Chengyin; Zhang, Shu] China Rd & Bridge Corp, Beijing 100011, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan
   Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth
   Sciences (CETES), CAS; University of Peshawar
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, CAS Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 43
Z9 51
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 2
BP 675
EP 683
DI 10.1007/s10346-016-0721-7
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000398889900017
ER

PT J
AU Bhuyan, K
   Rana, K
   Ozturk, U
   Nava, L
   Rosi, A
   Meena, SR
   Fan, XM
   Floris, M
   van Westen, C
   Catani, F
AF Bhuyan, Kushanav
   Rana, Kamal
   Ozturk, Ugur
   Nava, Lorenzo
   Rosi, Ascanio
   Meena, Sansar Raj
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Floris, Mario
   van Westen, Cees
   Catani, Filippo
TI Towards automatic delineation of landslide source and runout
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide source; Landslide runout; Topology; Morphology; Topological
   data analyses; Volumes
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MODEL; LIDAR; RESOLUTION;
   INVENTORY; EVOLUTION; DOMINICA; RAINFALL; PROVINCE
AB Mapping landslide-depleted source areas is pivotal for refining predictive models and volume estimations, yet these critical regions are often conflated with landslide runouts, leading to sub-optimal assessments. The source (or scarp) areas are typically the regions where the actual failure occurs, providing crucial information on the initiation mechanisms and the nature of landslide propagation. Catering to this objective, we built a method based on a landslide's topology and morphological information to delineate the source and runout margins. We develop and test this method in geomorphologically distinct regions such as Dominica, Turkey, Italy, Nepal, and Japan (Niigata) to showcase the model's robust adaptive capacity. The model can demarcate the source and runout zones from landslide planforms found in inventories with accuracy deviations under 15%-20%. While distinguishing landslide source and runout areas, the model also considers triggering information and movement types. We also deploy the model in Chile, Japan (Hokkaido), Colombia, Papua New Guinea, and China. In these new regions, we found the mean area of the scarp to be consistently under 30% of the total landslide area. We additionally showcased the application of our model to the area-volume scaling of the coseismic landslides triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake (MW 6.6) in Japan. Our analysis revealed that area-volume fitting using the landslide source areas instead of the total landslide planforms or polygons improves the linear fit from R2=0.49 to R2=0.81. Our work could improve diverse landslide analysis, such as hazard and runout models, and facilitate a deeper understanding of landslide behaviour.
C1 [Nava, Lorenzo] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge, England.
   [Nava, Lorenzo] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge, England.
   [Bhuyan, Kushanav; Nava, Lorenzo; Rosi, Ascanio; Meena, Sansar Raj; Floris, Mario; Catani, Filippo] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Machine Intelligence & Slope Stabil Lab, I-35129 Padua, Veneto, Italy.
   [Bhuyan, Kushanav; Fan, Xuanmei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Rana, Kamal] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
   [Ozturk, Ugur] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Ozturk, Ugur] Univ Potsdam, Inst Environm Sci & Geog, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany.
   [van Westen, Cees] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Twente, Netherlands.
C3 University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Padua;
   Chengdu University of Technology; Rochester Institute of Technology;
   Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research
   Center for Geosciences; University of Potsdam; University of Twente
RP Bhuyan, K (corresponding author), Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Machine Intelligence & Slope Stabil Lab, I-35129 Padua, Veneto, Italy.; Bhuyan, K; Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM kushanav.bhuyan@phd.unipd.it; fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 4
Z9 4
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 345
AR 107866
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107866
EA DEC 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001400285200001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, QK
   Xing, AG
   Liao, LB
   Liu, YW
   Zhuang, Y
AF Wang, Qiankuan
   Xing, Aiguo
   Liao, Liangbo
   Liu, Yiwei
   Zhuang, Yu
TI Insights into small landslides inducing major disasters in the Wumeng
   Mountain area from the Liangshui landslide
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Liangshui landslide; RAMMS dynamic model; Small landslides inducing
   major disasters; Prolonged low-intensity rainfall (or snowfall)
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCK AVALANCHE; SICHUAN PROVINCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
   ZHAOTONG; INSAR; SNOW
AB The Wumeng Mountain area in China is highly susceptible to landslides due to tectonic movements, heavy monsoon rains, and human activities. Despite their small size, these landslides can cause significant damage. The 2024 Liangshui landslide, with a volume of about 70,000 m3, resulted in 44 fatalities and marked the third major winter geological disaster in the Zhenxiong range in recent years. Comprehensive research on this landslide is crucial for understanding its triggers and failure mechanisms. Using the Rapid Mass Movement Simulation dynamic model and remote sensing data, we analyzed the dynamic evolution of the Liangshui landslide, following a thorough survey of its characteristics and potential failure mechanisms. Our findings indicate that landslide-prone strata, fractured rock, and steep source areas provided the necessary material and mechanical foundation. Seepage of fracture water after a prolonged precipitation softened the rock mass and decreased slope stability. A sudden drop in temperature and snowfall caused frost heave, leading to the expansion of rock fractures and ultimately triggering the landslide. This research provides insight into how small landslides can induce major disasters in the Wumeng Mountain area, as well as those triggered by prolonged rainy (or snowy) conditions in Zhenxiong County.
C1 [Wang, Qiankuan; Xing, Aiguo; Liu, Yiwei; Zhuang, Yu] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
   [Liao, Liangbo] Shanghai Huace Nav Technol Ltd, Shanghai 201702, Peoples R China.
C3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University
RP Xing, AG (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
EM xingaiguo@sjtu.edu.cn
TC 5
Z9 5
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAR
PY 2025
VL 22
IS 3
SI SI
BP 857
EP 875
DI 10.1007/s10346-024-02414-6
EA DEC 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001377529200001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, JG
   Mason, PJ
   Bryant, EC
AF Liu, Jianguo
   Mason, Philippa J.
   Bryant, Eleanor C.
TI Regional assessment of geohazard recovery eight years after the Mw7.9
   Wenchuan earthquake: a remote-sensing investigation of the Beichuan
   region
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
ID LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT; ASTER IMAGERY; AREA; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   PATTERNS; CHINA
AB The earthquake of 12 May 2008 in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, devastated the entire Beichuan region. Sitting at the intersection of the Yingxiu-Beichuan and Pengguan faults, the region experienced seismic intensities of VIII-XI on the Liedu scale. High seismic intensity combined with inherent geomorphological and climatic susceptibility to slope failure resulted in widespread co-seismic geohazards (slope failures of various types), which decimated the region. The seismic characteristics of the Wenchuan earthquake and the co-seismic geohazard distribution in relation to various conditioning factors have previously been examined in depth. However, there has been a lack of regional assessment of temporal and spatial recovery from co-seismic geohazards. Triggered by the authors' field observation of rapid recovery, this study presents a temporal series of geohazard maps, produced by manual interpretation of satellite imagery, to present an initial assessment of changes in geohazard occurrence in the Beichuan region since the Wenchuan earthquake. In particular, landscape recovery at the co-seismic geohazard sites, as indicated by re-vegetation, is analysed based on temporal/spatial characteristics of geohazard distribution, in relation to co-seismic deformation, distance from the rupture zone and slope angle. Eight years after the Wenchuan earthquake, the overall recovery stands at 65.48%, with approximately uniform annual rates of recovery at 13.45% a year between 2009 and 2011 and 10.56% a year between 2012 and 2016. Whilst co-seismic geohazards are concentrated on the hanging wall of the seismic fault, landscape recovery is more significant in the very highly deformed zone than in other areas. Recovery has been the greatest on slopes of <50 degrees and peaks on 40 degrees-50 degrees slopes, where the area occupied by co-seismic geohazards was the largest. The block-slides and rock topples, which characterize high angle slopes, show much slower recovery, possibly due to greater instability and the lack of soil to support re-vegetation.
C1 [Liu, Jianguo; Mason, Philippa J.; Bryant, Eleanor C.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
C3 Imperial College London
RP Liu, JG (corresponding author), Imperial Coll London, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
EM j.g.liu@imperial.ac.uk
TC 19
Z9 19
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
PY 2018
VL 39
IS 6
BP 1671
EP 1695
DI 10.1080/01431161.2017.1410299
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000423204500004
ER

PT J
AU Li, DY
   Nian, TK
   Wu, H
   Wang, FW
   Zheng, L
AF Li, Dongyang
   Nian, Tingkai
   Wu, Hao
   Wang, Fawu
   Zheng, Lu
TI A predictive model for the geometry of landslide dams in V-shaped
   valleys
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Geometry; Formation process; Discrete element method;
   Predictive model
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCK AVALANCHE; DEM SIMULATION; FAILURE; REPOSE;
   ANGLE
AB Landslide dams are formed mostly in V-shaped valleys, with poor stability and a high risk of failure. Once landslide dams fail, they may cause floods or debris flows that endanger lives, property, and infrastructure downstream. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the stability immediately once a landslide dam is formed. The geometry of a landslide dam is the most critical to its stability assessment. However, the complex terrain and geomorphological conditions in the disaster area often make field surveys difficult. Aerial photography and satellite imagery technology are usually limited by poor weather conditions, which bring severe restrictions to the timely acquisition of the geometry of a landslide dam. In this paper, a discrete element simulation model was proposed and verified by two experiments, and then a series of numerical simulations were performed to investigate the geometry and formation process of landslide dams under different topographic factors including the motion path dip-angle, the river bed inclination, and the angle between valley slopes (valley angle). The results show that the geometry and formation process of landslide dams are significantly affected by the topographic factors. According to the results of comprehensive numerical analysis, a simple predictive model for landslide dam geometry in V-shaped valleys was established, and two landslide dams with data collected from early events were employed to validate the predictive model. Based on the easily accessible topographical factors, the proposed model accomplished the fast prediction of landslide dam geometry. This research provides a vital basis for the stability evaluation of landslide dams and can be used for the disaster emergency response before the dams break.
C1 [Li, Dongyang; Nian, Tingkai; Wu, Hao] Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Dongyang; Nian, Tingkai; Wu, Hao] Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Coastal & Offshore Engn, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Fawu] Shimane Univ, Dept Geosci, Matsue, Shimane 6908504, Japan.
   [Zheng, Lu] Fuzhou Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Fuzhou 350108, Peoples R China.
C3 Dalian University of Technology; Dalian University of Technology;
   Shimane University; Fuzhou University
RP Nian, TK (corresponding author), Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, Peoples R China.; Nian, TK (corresponding author), Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Coastal & Offshore Engn, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, Peoples R China.
EM ldygeot@mail.dlut.edu.cn; tknian@dlut.edu.cn;
   haowugeot@mail.dlut.edu.cn; wangfw@riko.shimane-u.ac.jp;
   zhenglu8211@163.com
TC 26
Z9 28
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD NOV
PY 2020
VL 79
IS 9
BP 4595
EP 4608
DI 10.1007/s10064-020-01828-5
EA MAY 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000534998500003
ER

PT J
AU Huang, C
   Li, YS
   Yi, SJ
   Liu, K
   Wu, CH
AF Huang Chao
   Li Yu-sheng
   Yi Shu-jian
   Liu Kai
   Wu Chun-hao
TI Characteristics and failure mechanism of an ancient earthquake-induced
   landslide with an extremely wide distribution area
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslide; Lamuajue landslide; Ancient landslide;
   Geological feature; Failure mechanism
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TRANSLATIONAL LANDSLIDE; TSAOLING LANDSLIDE;
   HAZARD; CHINA
AB The Lamuajue landslide is located in Lamuajue village on the right bank of the Meigu River, Sichuan Province, China. This landslide is an ancient landslide with an extremely wide distribution area, covering an area of 19 km(2) with a maximum width of 5.5 km and an estimated residual volume of 3x10(8) m(3). The objectives of this study were to identify the characteristics and failure mechanism of this landslide. In this study, based on field investigations, aerial photography, and profile surveys, the boundary, lithology, structure of the strata, and characteristics of the landslide deposits were determined. A gently angled weak interlayer consisting of shale was the main factor contributing to the occurrence of the Lamuajue landslide. The deposition area can be divided into three zones: zone A is an avalanche deposition area mainly composed of blocks, fragments, and debris with diameters ranging from 0.1 m to 3 m; zone B is a residual integrated rock mass deposition area with large blocks, boulders and "fake bedrock"; and zone C is a deposition zone of limestone blocks and fragments. Three types of failure mechanism were analyzed and combined to explain the Lamuajue landslide based on the features of the accumulation area. First, a shattering-sliding mechanism caused by earthquakes in zone A. Second, a sliding mechanism along the weak intercalation caused by gravity and water in zone B. Third, a shattering-ejection mechanism generated by earthquakes in zone C. The results provide a distinctive case for the study of gigantic landslides induced by earthquakes, which is very important for understanding and assessing ancient earthquakeinduced landslides.
C1 [Huang Chao; Li Yu-sheng; Yi Shu-jian; Liu Kai] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wu Chun-hao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wu Chun-hao] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Li, YS (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM huangchao10@foxmail.com; liyusheng@cdut.cn; yishujian24@foxmail.com;
   1968532170@qq.com; 92126wch@163.com
TC 3
Z9 4
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD FEB
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 2
BP 380
EP 393
DI 10.1007/s11629-017-4527-4
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000425160200013
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   Scaringi, G
   Domènech, G
   Yang, F
   Guo, XJ
   Dai, LX
   He, CY
   Xu, Q
   Huang, RQ
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Domenech, Guillem
   Yang, Fan
   Guo, Xiaojun
   Dai, Lanxin
   He, Chaoyang
   Xu, Qiang
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after
   the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
DT Article
ID CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; 13 AUGUST 2010;
   POSTSEISMIC LANDSLIDES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; XINMO
   LANDSLIDE; SEDIMENT; AREA; INVENTORY
AB We release two datasets that track the enhanced landsliding induced by the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake over a portion of the Longmen Mountains, at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (Sichuan, China). The first dataset is a geo-referenced multi-temporal polygon-based inventory of pre- and coseismic landslides, post-seismic remobilisations of coseismic landslide debris and post-seismic landslides (new failures). It covers 471 km(2) in the earthquake's epicentral area, from 2005 to 2018. The second dataset records the debris flows that occurred from 2008 to 2017 in a larger area (similar to 17000 km(2)), together with information on their triggering rainfall as recorded by a network of rain gauges. For some well-monitored events, we provide more detailed data on rainfall, discharge, flow depth and density. The datasets can be used to analyse, on various scales, the patterns of landsliding caused by the earthquake. They can be compared to inventories of landslides triggered by past or new earthquakes or by other triggers to reveal common or distinctive controlling factors. To our knowledge, no other inventories that track the temporal evolution of earthquake-induced mass wasting have been made freely available thus far. Our datasets can be accessed from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1405489. We also encourage other researchers to share their datasets to facilitate research on post-seismic geological hazards.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; Domenech, Guillem; Yang, Fan; Dai, Lanxin; He, Chaoyang; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Scaringi, Gianvito] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Inst Hydrogeol Engn Geol & Appl Geophys, Prague 12843, Czech Republic.
   [Guo, Xiaojun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Charles University Prague; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Fan, XM; Xu, Q (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Guo, XJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com; aaronguo@imde.ac.cn; xq-68@qq.com
TC 106
Z9 119
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1866-3508
EI 1866-3516
PD JAN 9
PY 2019
VL 11
IS 1
BP 35
EP 55
DI 10.5194/essd-11-35-2019
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
UT WOS:000455607800002
ER

PT J
AU Huang, ZB
   Xu, M
   Chen, W
   Lin, XJ
   Cao, CX
   Singh, RP
AF Huang, Zhibin
   Xu, Min
   Chen, Wei
   Lin, Xiaojuan
   Cao, Chunxiang
   Singh, Ramesh P.
TI Postseismic Restoration of the Ecological Environment in the Wenchuan
   Region Using Satellite Data
SO SUSTAINABILITY
DT Article
DE gray correlation analysis; ecological conditions; multisource
   remote-sensing data; Wenchuan earthquake; spatiotemporal analysis
ID SECURITY; COUNTY; AREA; RISK
AB Using Landsat remote-sensing data combined with geological information extracted from ALOS and Sentinel-1A radar data, the ecological environment was evaluated in the years 2007, 2008, 2013, and 2017 through gray correlation analysis on the basis of the construction of the pressure-state-response model. The main objective of this research was to assess the ecological environment changes in Wenchuan County before and after the earthquake, and to provide reference for future social development and policy implementation. The grading map of the ecological environment was obtained for every year, and the ecological restoration status of Wenchuan County after the earthquake was evaluated. The results showed that the maximum area cover at a safe ecological level was over 46.4% in 2007. After the 2008 earthquake, the proportion of unsafe and very unsafe ecological levels was 40.0%, especially around the Lancang River and the western mountain area in Wenchuan County. After five years of restoration, ecological conditions were improved, up to 48.0% in the region. The areas at critically safe and above recovered to 85.5% in 2017 within nine years after the deadly Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. In this paper, we discuss the results of detailed analysis of ecological improvements and correlation with the degrees of pressure, state, and response layers of the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model.
C1 [Huang, Zhibin; Xu, Min; Chen, Wei; Lin, Xiaojuan; Cao, Chunxiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Zhibin; Lin, Xiaojuan] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resource & Environm, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Singh, Ramesh P.] Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote Sensing & Digital
   Earth, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy
   of Sciences, CAS; Chapman University System; Chapman University
RP Cao, CX (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.; Singh, RP (corresponding author), Chapman Univ, Schmid Coll Sci & Technol, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Orange, CA 92866 USA.
EM huangzhibin18@mails.ucas.ac.cn; xumin@radi.ac.cn; chenwei@radi.ac.cn;
   linxiaojuan18@mails.ucas.ac.cn; caocx@radi.ac.cn; rsingh@chapman.edu
TC 5
Z9 5
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2071-1050
PD NOV
PY 2018
VL 10
IS 11
AR 3990
DI 10.3390/su10113990
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000451531700164
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZH
   Du, GL
   Zhang, YS
   Xu, C
   Yu, PF
   Shao, WW
   Mai, XM
AF Yang, Zhihua
   Du, Guoliang
   Zhang, Yangshuang
   Xu, Chong
   Yu, Pengfei
   Shao, Weiwei
   Mai, Ximao
TI Seismic landslide hazard assessment using improved seismic motion
   parameters of the 2017 Ms 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake, Tibetan Plateau
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE seismic landslide; Jiuzhaigou earthquake; landslide hazard assessment;
   Newmark model; peak ground acceleration and Arias
ID XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE; NEWMARK DISPLACEMENT; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PREDICTIVE MODEL; ARIAS
   INTENSITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHINA; AREA
AB Seismic landslide hazard assessment plays a very important guiding role during urgent earthquake relief. In August 2017, an Ms 7.0 earthquake in Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China, triggered thousands of landslides. Based on the analysis of geological settings and coseismic landslide characteristics, the Newmark model is used to complete the seismic landslide hazard assessment. Three seismic motion parameters, namely, peak ground acceleration (PGA), traditional Arias intensity (Arias_P), and improved Arias intensity (Arias_C), are adopted. A publicly published coseismic landslide catalog is used as the validation samples. The results show that the coseismic landslides are mainly distributed in the deep gullies and steep mountainous slopes on the north and south sides of the epicenter. The seismic landslide hazard accuracy based on Arias_C is the best, followed by that based on PGA and Arias_P. The spatial distribution of seismic landslide hazards based on Arias_C shows an almost standard elliptical ring and is in good agreement with that of coseismic landslides. These results fully reflect the combined influence of the epicenter and seismogenic fault on landslide development. The middle seismic landslide hazard and over are mainly located at areas with seismic intensity of VII degree and above. The Arias intensity is very suitable for rapid seismic landslide hazard assessment in emergency situations. The study results can provide scientific and technological support for rapid earthquake relief and have reference significance for future seismic landslide hazard assessment.
C1 [Yang, Zhihua; Shao, Weiwei; Mai, Ximao] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhihua] Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Act Tecton & Geol Safety, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Du, Guoliang] Hebei GEO Univ, Sch Urban Geol & Engn, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yangshuang; Yu, Pengfei] China Univ Geosci Beijing, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Weiwei; Mai, Ximao] China Univ Geosci, Fac Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Ministry of
   Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; Hebei GEO
   University; China University of Geosciences; China University of
   Geosciences
RP Du, GL (corresponding author), Hebei GEO Univ, Sch Urban Geol & Engn, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China.
EM 756591925@qq.com
TC 3
Z9 3
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD MAR 26
PY 2024
VL 12
AR 1302553
DI 10.3389/feart.2024.1302553
SC Geology
UT WOS:001198684800001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, ZY
   Cui, P
   Yu, GA
   Zhang, K
AF Wang, Zhaoyin
   Cui, Peng
   Yu, Guo-an
   Zhang, Kang
TI Stability of landslide dams and development of knickpoints
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide dams; Step-pool system; Knickpoint; Riverbed incision;
   Wenchuan earthquake
ID NEW-ZEALAND; LAKE
AB The Wenchuan earthquake triggered many landslides and numerous avalanches and created 100 odd quake lakes. The quake lakes may be removed or preserved. The removal strategy was applied to several large landslide dams, which were dangerous because massive amounts of water pooled up in the quake lakes. The dams could eventually fail under the action of dam outburst flooding, potentially endangering the lives of people in the downstream reaches. This paper studied the stability of landslide dams and the development of knickpoints by field investigations and experiments, and analyzing satellite images. The study concluded that if landslide dams were preserved, they would develop into knickpoints and act as a primary control of riverbed incision and, thus, reduce the potential of new landslide. The stability of landslide dams depends mainly on the development of the step-pool system and stream power of the flood flow. If a landslide dam consists of many boulders, a step-pool system may develop on the spillway channel of the dam, which would maximize the resistance, consume most of the flow energy and consequently protect the dam from incision. The development degree of the step-pool system is represented by a parameter S-p, which was measured with a specially designed instrument. A preservation ratio of landslide dams is defined as the ratio of preserved height after flood scouring to the original height of the dam. For streams with peak flood discharge lower than 30 m(3)/s, the preservation ratio is linearly proportional to Sp. For rivers with a peak flood discharge higher than 30 m(3)/s (30-30,000 m(3)/s), the minimum Sp value for stable channel increases with log p, in which p is the unit stream power. For a landslide dam with a poorly developed step-pool system, Sp is smaller than the minimum value and the outburst flood incises the spillway channel and causes failure of the dam. For preserved landslide dams, sediment deposits in the quake lakes. A landslide dam may develop into a knickpoint if it is stabilized by long-term action of the flow. Large knickpoints can totally change the fluvial processes and river morphology. Uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has caused extensive channel bed incision along almost all rivers. For many rivers, the incision has been partly controlled by knickpoints. Upstream reaches of a knickpoint have a new and unchanging base level. This brings about a transition from degradation to aggradation and from vertical bed evolution to horizontal fluvial process. Multiple and unstable channels are prominent in the reaches, upstream of the knickpoints. If hundreds of landslide dams occurred simultaneously on a reach of a mountain river, the potential energy of bank failure and the slope erosion would be greatly reduced and sediment yield from the watershed may be reduced to nearly zero. The quake lakes may be preserved long term and become beautiful landscapes. Streams with long-term unfilled quake lakes have good aquatic ecology.
C1 [Wang, Zhaoyin; Zhang, Kang] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng] Inst Mt Hazard & Environm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yu, Guo-an] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS
RP Wang, ZY (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM zywang@tsinghua.edu.cn; pengcui@imde.ac.cn; yuga@igsnrr.ac.cn;
   zhang-k08@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
TC 40
Z9 51
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD FEB
PY 2012
VL 65
IS 4
SI SI
BP 1067
EP 1080
DI 10.1007/s12665-010-0863-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000299840100013
ER

PT J
AU Xu, YR
   Du, P
   Li, WQ
   Zhang, WH
   Tian, QJ
   Xiong, RW
   Wang, L
AF Xu YueRen
   Du Peng
   Li WenQiao
   Zhang WeiHeng
   Tian QinJian
   Xiong RenWei
   Wang Lin
TI A case study on AD 1718 Tongwei M7. 5 earthquake triggered
   landslides Application of landslide database triggered by historical
   strong earthquakes on the Loess Plateau
SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION
DT Article
DE AD 1718 Tongwei earthquake; Earthquake triggered landslides; Loess
   Plateau; Remote sensing Interpretation; Google Earth
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARDS; EROSION
AB The application of new technologies and methods to study the seismogenic faults and seismic damage of historical strong earthquakes is important for revision of the earthquake source parameters. Under the geological principle of "The present is the key of the past", this paper takes the landslides triggered by the Tongwei M7. 5 earthquake in AD 1718 as the research object, using the methods of the historical literature analysis, remote sensing interpretation and fieldwork, obtains the Tongwei Earthquake Landslide Database (TELD). This paper finds that: (1) The total number of the database is 5019, with the whole area of 635 km(2), where densely distributed around the Tongwei Fault and coincided with the X-degree isoseismal line, but both extend to westward and to northward about 20 km; (2) compared with the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake Landslide Database (WELD), the TELD lacks a large number of ones with area range of 10(3) similar to 10(4) m(2), even <10(3) m(2), while the ones of >10(4) m(2) range both with a similar distribution; (3) this "incomplete" TELD can reflect the overall characteristics of the large and medium-sized landslides in the epicentral region, and define the exact range of the epicentral region ; (4) in the epicentral region, at least 27 of settlements are directly named by "landsliding" etc., these residential settlements affected by landsliding are concentrated on both sides of the Tongwei Fault, which account for 50%. The earthquake triggered landslides is one of the decisive catastrophic factors that caused more than 70000 people death. Our paper shows that only confirming the regional dense landslides triggered by a single historical strong earthquake, and excluding other far-field strong shocking, using the multitemporal high-resolution satellite images interpretation to obtain a "relatively complete" landslide database. It provides basic data for revising source parameters of historical strong earthquakes around Loess Plateau in China.
C1 [Xu YueRen; Du Peng; Li WenQiao; Zhang WeiHeng; Tian QinJian; Xiong RenWei; Wang Lin] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Earthquake Forecasting, Key Lab Earthquake Predict, Beijing 100036, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang WeiHeng] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,
   CEA; China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Li, WQ (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Earthquake Forecasting, Key Lab Earthquake Predict, Beijing 100036, Peoples R China.
EM yuefei189@gmail.com; 88167354@qq.com
TC 16
Z9 28
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0001-5733
PD MAR
PY 2020
VL 63
IS 3
BP 1235
EP 1248
DI 10.6038/cjg2020N0146
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000519847700034
ER

PT J
AU Dai, ZL
   Huang, Y
   Cheng, HL
   Xu, Q
AF Dai, Zili
   Huang, Yu
   Cheng, Hualin
   Xu, Qiang
TI 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like
   landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Flow-like landslides; Wenchuan earthquake; Smoothed particle
   hydrodynamics; Three-dimensional numerical simulation; Hazard assessment
ID TENSION INSTABILITY; TANGJIASHAN LANDSLIDE; STABILITY ANALYSIS; STRESS
   POINTS; SPH; SIMULATION; SPEED; FAILURE; MOTION; CHINA
AB The extremely strong Wenchuan earthquake triggered thousands of landslides in Sichuan Province, China. Flow-like landslides, such as the Tangjiashan, Wanjiayan, and Donghekou landslides were among the most destructive, causing many casualties and serious economic damage. It is therefore important to identify the flow mechanisms and investigate the specific characteristics of these flow-like landslides. This paper presents a three-dimensional model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to simulate rapid landslide motion across 3D terrain. The Navier-Stokes equations in a CFD framework are used as governing equations, and artificial viscosity is incorporated into the pressure terms in the momentum equation to dissipate energy to avoid numerical oscillation and particle penetration, thus improving the stability of the numerical results. A non-Newtonian fluid model, the Bingham model, has proven suitable for describing the relationship between the shear strain rate and the shear stress in highly deformed soil materials. In the proposed model it is used as the constitutive model to describe the fluidization characteristics of flow-like landslides combined with the Mohr Coulomb yield criterion. The model incorporates a no-slip boundary condition, to consider the effect of a solid boundary on slope movement Ghost particles are created and assigned an artificial velocity. The viscous force caused by the solid boundary is calculated using the relative velocities between the fluid and the boundary particles. Open Multiprocessing (OpenMP), an API for multi-platform shared-memory parallel programming, is used to improve the efficiency of the SPH code running. To show the validity of the proposed approach, a benchmark problem of 3D dam break was simulated. The calculated distances of the surge front at different times agree well with the test results. Numerical modeling of the propagation of the Tangjiashan, Wangjiayan, and Donghekou landslides was performed by the application of SPH models to real flow-like landslides. The whole flow processes of these flow-like landslides across the 3D terrain are represented. The landslides change direction, split or join in, and spread or contract in their flow path in response to the local topography. Time-history curves of the velocity and displacement were obtained to analyze the movement characteristics of the landslide mass. The shapes of the deposition zones after slide occurrence were investigated. Comparisons of the SPH simulated geometry and the surveyed landslide configurations for the Tangjiashan, Wangjiayan and Donghekou landslides were conducted, and show a high degree of similarity. This indicates that the proposed 3D SPH model can accurately represent the evolution of the final slide shape. The prediction of the fluidization characteristics of earthquake-induced flow-like landslides can notably reduce sudden loss of life, as it provides a means for mapping hazardous areas, for estimating the hazard intensity, and for identification and design of appropriate protective measures. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dai, Zili; Huang, Yu; Cheng, Hualin] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yu] Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Huang, Y (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM yhuang@tongji.edu.cn
TC 140
Z9 164
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT 8
PY 2014
VL 180
SI SI
BP 21
EP 33
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.018
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000344422700003
ER

PT J
AU Dong, JJ
   Lai, PJ
   Chang, CP
   Yang, SH
   Yeh, KC
   Liao, JJ
   Pan, YW
AF Dong, Jia-Jyun
   Lai, Po-Jung
   Chang, Chung-Pai
   Yang, Sheng-Hsueh
   Yeh, Keh-Chia
   Liao, Jyh-Jong
   Pan, Yii-Wen
TI Deriving landslide dam geometry from remote sensing images for the rapid
   assessment of critical parameters related to dam-breach hazards
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Hazards; Remote sensing image; Digital terrain model
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HSIAOLIN VILLAGE; NEW-ZEALAND; FAILURE; TAIWAN
AB Dam-breaches that cause outburst floods may induce downstream hazards. Because landslide dams can breach soon after they are formed, it is critical to assess the stability quickly to enable prompt action. However, dam geometry, an essential component of hazard evaluation, is not available in most cases. Our research proposes a procedure that utilizes post-landslide orthorectified remote sensing images and the pre-landslide Digital Terrain Model in the Geographic Information System to estimate the geometry of a particular dam. The procedure includes the following three modules: (1) the selection of the reference points on the dam and lake boundaries, (2) the interpolation of the dam-crest elevation, and (3) the estimation of dam-geometry parameters (i.e., the height, length, and width), the catchment area, the volumes of barrier lake and landslides dam. This procedure is demonstrated through a case study of the Namasha Landslide Dam in Taiwan. It was shown the dam-surface elevation estimated from the proposed procedure can approximate the elevation derived from profile leveling after the formation of the landslide dam. Thus, it is feasible to assess the critical parameters required for the landslide dam hazard assessment rapidly once the ortho-photo data are available. The proposed procedure is useful for quick and efficient decision making regarding hazard mitigation.
C1 [Dong, Jia-Jyun; Lai, Po-Jung] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Appl Geol, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan.
   [Chang, Chung-Pai] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan.
   [Yang, Sheng-Hsueh; Yeh, Keh-Chia; Liao, Jyh-Jong; Pan, Yii-Wen] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Disaster Prevent & Water Environm Res Ctr, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
C3 National Central University; National Central University; National Yang
   Ming Chiao Tung University
RP Dong, JJ (corresponding author), Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Appl Geol, 300 Jhongda Rd, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan.
EM jjdong@geo.ncu.edu.tw
TC 46
Z9 48
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD FEB
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 1
BP 93
EP 105
DI 10.1007/s10346-012-0375-z
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000331004000008
ER

PT J
AU Lu, Z
   Chen, Y
   Wei, YM
   Zhang, YF
   Cheng, XF
AF Lu, Zhao
   Chen, Yu
   Wei, Yongming
   Zhang, Yufei
   Cheng, Xianfeng
TI New Sampling Method for Landslide Susceptibility Evaluation with
   Consideration of Minimizing Potential Societal Losses
SO ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION
DT Article
DE potential societal loss; landslide susceptibility evaluation; sample
   ratio; landslide omission; landslide misreporting
ID EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; FREQUENCY RATIO; MODEL; AREA
AB In landslide susceptibility evaluation, scientific sampling minimizes potential societal losses and enhances the efficiency of disaster prevention and mitigation. However, traditional sampling methods, such as selecting landslide and non-landslide samples based on equal proportions or area proportions, overlook the different societal losses resulting from landslide omission and misreporting, and the potential societal losses faced by their evaluation results are often not minimized. Therefore, this study proposes a sampling method that takes potential societal losses into account and uses the Landslide Misjudgment Potential Societal Loss Evaluation Index (LMPSLEI) to quantify the total potential social losses in the area due to landslide omission and misreporting. The LMPSLEI is minimized by optimizing the sample ratio, thus minimizing the potential societal losses faced by the evaluation results and enhancing the scientific basis of disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. This study takes the Wenchuan earthquake area as the research region, selects 13 conditional factors and employs two models-Random Forest (RF) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-to conduct case studies. We derive the recommended sample ratio based on the formula, hypothesizing that the LMPSLEI will be minimized under this ratio. The results show that the sample ratio for LMPSLEI minimization in the RF model is similar to the recommended sample ratio, while the sample ratio for LMPSLEI minimization in the CNN model is slightly higher than the recommended sample ratio. The recommended sample ratio can achieve the minimum of LMPSLEI or reach a lower value under different societal losses weights of landslide omission/misreporting, and thus it can be used as a preliminary choice of sampling for landslide susceptibility evaluation considering the potential societal losses.
C1 [Lu, Zhao; Cheng, Xianfeng] Yunnan Land & Resources Vocat Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Kunming 652501, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Zhao; Chen, Yu; Wei, Yongming; Zhang, Yufei] Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Zhao; Zhang, Yufei] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Yu] Int Res Ctr Big Data Sustainable Dev Goals, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Xianfeng] Engn Ctr Yunnan Educ Dept Hlth Geol Survey & Evalu, Kunming 650218, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Aerospace Information Research Institute,
   CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of
   Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; International Research
   Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals
RP Cheng, XF (corresponding author), Yunnan Land & Resources Vocat Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Kunming 652501, Peoples R China.; Cheng, XF (corresponding author), Engn Ctr Yunnan Educ Dept Hlth Geol Survey & Evalu, Kunming 650218, Peoples R China.
EM luzhao22@mails.ucas.ac.cn; chenyu@radi.ac.cn; weiym@aircas.ac.cn;
   zhangyufei23@mails.ucas.ac.cn; 201310127@yngtxy.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2220-9964
PD AUG 13
PY 2025
VL 14
IS 8
AR 309
DI 10.3390/ijgi14080309
SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
UT WOS:001557701100001
ER

PT J
AU Bunn, M
   Leshchinsky, B
   Olsen, MJ
AF Bunn, Michael
   Leshchinsky, Ben
   Olsen, Michael J.
TI Estimates of three-dimensional rupture surface geometry of deep-seated
   landslides using landslide inventories and high-resolution topographic
   data
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslides; Landslide inventorying; Shear surface geometry; Volumes;
   Lidar
ID CENTRAL SOUTHERN ALPS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MOUNTAIN BELT; SEDIMENT;
   HAZARD; RANGE; SOIL; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; RAINFALL
AB Deep-seated landslides cause significant damage to the built environment. Characterizing the shear surface and volume of these features is often limited to intensive site-specific monitoring, or at a larger scale, generalized empirical relationships developed from change analysis. However, there is limited means of generalizing regional scale rupture surface information for deep-seated landslides where deposits still overlay much of the failure surface. Herein, a method is proposed that uses high-resolution bare earth digital elevation models with an inventory of mapped landslide extents to gather first order estimates of three-dimensional rupture surface geometries and volumes for rotational and compound landslide features at a regional scale. This approach is first calibrated to a suite of well-characterized landslides and then applied to over eight hundred deep-seated landslides in three different geologic regimes. Estimates of landslide area-volume relationships are proposed that are consistent with previous empirical assessments. The aforementioned relationships describe mean landslide thickness; added relationships relating landslide area to maximum landslide thickness are proposed. The presented results suggest limits on magnitudes of depth with landslide classification between geologic settings. Consistent with prior research, it is observed that landslide area exhibits a first-order control on maximum and mean landslide thickness, but further insight is provided towards the influence of a limited set of landslide classification, which exhibit controls on the range of magnitudes observed for maximum landslide depth associated with failure. Lastly, the implications and limitations of the developed three-dimensional mapping approach is discussed. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bunn, Michael] Cornforth Associates, 10250 SW Greenburg Rd,Suite 111, Portland, OR 97223 USA.
   [Leshchinsky, Ben] Oregon State Univ, 319 Snell Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Olsen, Michael J.] Oregon State Univ, 313 Owen Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
C3 Oregon State University; Oregon State University
RP Leshchinsky, B (corresponding author), Oregon State Univ, 319 Snell Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM ben.leshchinsky@oregonstate.edu; michael.olsen@oregonstate.edu
TC 15
Z9 17
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD OCT 15
PY 2020
VL 367
AR 107332
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107332
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000564545700003
ER

PT J
AU Harvey, EL
   Kincey, ME
   Rosser, NJ
   Gadtaula, A
   Collins, E
   Densmore, AL
   Dunant, A
   Oven, KJ
   Arrell, K
   Basyal, GK
   Dhital, MR
   Robinson, TR
   de Vries, MV
   Paudyal, S
   Pujara, DS
   Shrestha, R
AF Harvey, Erin L.
   Kincey, Mark E.
   Rosser, Nick J.
   Gadtaula, Arishma
   Collins, Ethan
   Densmore, Alexander L.
   Dunant, Alexandre
   Oven, Katie J.
   Arrell, Katherine
   Basyal, Gopi K.
   Dhital, Megh Raj
   Robinson, Tom R.
   de Vries, Maximillian Van Wyk
   Paudyal, Sarmila
   Pujara, Dammar S.
   Shrestha, Ram
TI Review of landslide inventories for Nepal between 2010 and 2021 reveals
   data gaps in global landslide hotspot
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Review
DE Landslide inventories; Landslide hazard; Nepal
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEBRIS FLOWS; RIVER-BASIN; HAZARD;
   HIMALAYAS; MODELS; SYSTEM; ROADS; RISK
AB A review of landslide inventories provides an essential assessment of the state of knowledge around landslide hazard and can guide the focus of future studies. This is especially true in Nepal, which is highly prone to landslides, but lacks a comprehensive overview of landslide occurrence nationally. Here, we compile a database of 117 landslide inventories for Nepal released between 2010 and 2021. We review how these existing inventories shape our understanding of landsliding in Nepal and discuss how future research efforts could mitigate current challenges. We find that 40% of the country was only manually mapped once across the study period, and, crucially, these areas did not always correspond with areas of low landslide susceptibility. Instead, existing landslide inventories typically focus on specific areas, such as the region affected by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake and major highway corridors. We also extrapolated the individual inventory characteristics from within this unique database to infer a national-scale areal density of 0.05 landslides per km2, equating to 6000 landslides across the country. This extrapolated value provides a baseline for future national-scale studies, especially for inventories created through automated mapping approaches. Our review highlights the importance of expanding the footprint of landslide inventories in Nepal to include regions with low mapping coverage and the need for inventories to be openly available, with clear protocols to enable inter-comparison. Whilst our review has focused on Nepal, these findings are likely to be relevant in other landslide-prone countries and our recommendations are intended to be applicable elsewhere.
C1 [Gadtaula, Arishma] Natl Elect Board, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Dunant, Alexandre] EURAC, Ctr Climate Change & Transformat, Bolzano, Italy.
   [Harvey, Erin L.; Rosser, Nick J.; Collins, Ethan; Densmore, Alexander L.; Dunant, Alexandre] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
   [Harvey, Erin L.; Rosser, Nick J.; Densmore, Alexander L.; Dunant, Alexandre] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
   [Kincey, Mark E.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Geog Polit & Sociol, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England.
   [Gadtaula, Arishma; Basyal, Gopi K.; Paudyal, Sarmila; Pujara, Dammar S.; Shrestha, Ram] Natl Soc Earthquake Technol, Lalitpur, Nepal.
   [Oven, Katie J.; Arrell, Katherine] Northumbria Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England.
   [Dhital, Megh Raj] Tribhuvan Univ, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Robinson, Tom R.] Univ Canterbury, Sch Earth & Environm, Christchurch, New Zealand.
   [de Vries, Maximillian Van Wyk] Univ Cambridge, Dept Geog, Cambridge, England.
   [de Vries, Maximillian Van Wyk] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge, England.
C3 European Academy of Bozen-Bolzano; Durham University; Durham University;
   Newcastle University - UK; Northumbria University; Tribhuvan University;
   University of Canterbury; University of Cambridge; University of
   Cambridge
RP Harvey, EL (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.; Harvey, EL (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
EM erin.l.harvey@durham.ac.uk
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD MAR
PY 2025
VL 121
IS 5
BP 5075
EP 5101
DI 10.1007/s11069-024-07013-1
EA NOV 2024
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001355682700001
ER

PT J
AU Luo, XJ
   Wang, CC
   Long, Y
   Yi, ZH
AF Luo, Xingjun
   Wang, Changcheng
   Long, Yan
   Yi, Zhonghai
TI Analysis of the Decadal Kinematic Characteristics of the Daguangbao
   Landslide Using Multiplatform Time Series InSAR Observations After the
   Wenchuan Earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
DT Article
ID SURFACE DISPLACEMENT FIELD; COSEISMIC DEFORMATION; PERMANENT SCATTERERS;
   URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; HECTOR MINE; RADAR; GPS;
   CALIFORNIA; IMAGES
AB The Daguangbao landslide was the largest landslide triggered by the "5.12" Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake. This landslide is among the few superlarge-scale landslides of 1 billion m(3) magnitude worldwide. As the landslide accumulation represents a potential hazard, long-term monitoring and geological interpretation of the Daguangbao landslide is important to reveal the postsliding deformation characteristics and laws of this landslide type. To study the kinematic characteristics 10 years postearthquake, the landslide accumulation deformation was monitored in two stages using different data sets and processing methods. First, regarding the deformation 2 years postearthquake, we selected PALSAR-1 data (21 October 2008 to 14 March 2011) and obtained the LOS (line of sight) direction time series deformation of the landslide using the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm. Second, for the last 4.5 years of deformation, Sentinel-1 data sets (26 November 2015 to 8 June 2020) in two ascending and one descending path are experimentally used. The vertical and east-west deformations during this period are obtained. Thickness, topography, precipitation, and other factors are combined to analyze the landslide accumulation deformation. The landslide accumulation volume decreases under gravitational influence, shrinkage is accelerated under precipitation influence, and periodic fluctuations occur, which lag precipitation changes. The maximum vertical direction deformation rate is below 80 mm/year, and the deformation magnitude in the east-west direction is approximately +/- 35 mm/year. Local deformation is still affected by the surface slope and aspect, and the overall landslide accumulation movement trend involves gathering of the eastern and western parts toward the middle. In the observation window, with the stabilization of accumulation, the deformation tends decrease.
C1 [Luo, Xingjun; Wang, Changcheng; Yi, Zhonghai] Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Info Phys, Changsha, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Changcheng] Key Lab Metallogen Predict Nonferrous Met & Geol, Changsha, Peoples R China.
   [Long, Yan] Cent South Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University; Central South University
RP Wang, CC (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Info Phys, Changsha, Peoples R China.; Wang, CC (corresponding author), Key Lab Metallogen Predict Nonferrous Met & Geol, Changsha, Peoples R China.
EM wangchangcheng@csu.edu.cn
TC 23
Z9 25
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
PD DEC
PY 2020
VL 125
IS 12
AR e2019JB019325
DI 10.1029/2019JB019325
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000603664600026
ER

PT J
AU Ma, YF
   Han, Z
   Li, YG
   Chen, GQ
   Wang, WD
   Chen, NS
   Hu, GS
   Zhao, LH
   Dou, J
AF Ma, Yangfan
   Han, Zheng
   Li, Yange
   Chen, Guangqi
   Wang, Weidong
   Chen, Ningsheng
   Hu, Guisheng
   Zhao, Lianheng
   Dou, Jie
TI Robustness evaluation of the probability-based HTCA model for simulating
   debris-flow run-out extent: Case study of the 2010 Hongchun event, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Cellular automaton model; Model robustness; Run-out extent;
   Hongchun 2010 event
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; ENTRAINMENT; CATCHMENT; DEPOSITION; MOBILITY; AREAS;
   SCALE
AB Probability-based cellular automaton (CA) models are useful alternative tools for simulating the extent of debris flow run-out. Despite that CA models have high computational efficiency, the simulation results are often sensitive to several key parameters, in particular, the steps of Monte-Carlo iterations (MCI), and the spatial resolution of the digital terrain model (DTM) data. This information is fundamental for evaluating the robustness of the CA model in dealing with various cases. This study improves upon the existing hydrodynamic and topography-based cellular automaton (HTCA) model. The basics of the model are briefly reviewed, and the sensitivity of the MCI value and the DTM spatial resolution are analyzed. Various practical scenarios regarding the effects of bed sediment entrainment and check dams are explored, which is beneficial for assessing the capability of the HTCA model in dealing with complex conditions. The August 14, 2010, post-seismic debris-flow event in the Hongchun catchment in the eastern Wenchuan area of China is selected as a case study to demonstrate the influence of key parameters on the simulation. The results illustrate the model's robustness in dealing with specific scenarios. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the MCI value and the DTM spatial resolution have obvious influences on the simulation results. The simulation results of the HTCA model can be improved if the MCI value is chosen based on the resolution of the input DTM data.
C1 [Ma, Yangfan; Han, Zheng; Li, Yange; Wang, Weidong; Zhao, Lianheng] Cent South Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha 410075, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Yangfan; Chen, Guangqi] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
   [Han, Zheng] Hunan Prov Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Mitigat Rail, Changsha 410075, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Ningsheng; Hu, Guisheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Dou, Jie] China Univ Geosci, Badong Natl Observat & Res Stn Geohazards, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Han, Zheng] Cent South Univ, 68 Shaoshan Rd, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University; Kyushu University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; China
   University of Geosciences; Central South University
RP Han, Z; Li, YG (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Changsha 410075, Peoples R China.; Han, Z (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, 68 Shaoshan Rd, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
EM zheng_han@csu.edu.cn; liyange@csu.edu.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD JAN
PY 2023
VL 312
AR 106918
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106918
EA NOV 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000896733600003
ER

PT J
AU Akbar, TA
   Ha, SR
AF Akbar, Tahir Ali
   Ha, Sung Ryong
TI Landslide hazard zoning along Himalayan Kaghan Valley of Pakistan-by
   integration of GPS, GIS, and remote sensing technology
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide hazard zonation; Information value model; GPS; GIS; Remote
   sensing
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; AREA;
   MANAGEMENT; JAPAN; RIVER
AB This paper presents a methodology for developing a landslide hazard zonation map by integration of global positioning system (GPS), geographic information system (GIS), and remote sensing (RS) for Western Himalayan Kaghan Valley of Pakistan. The landslides in the study area have been located and mapped by using GPS. Eleven causative factors such as landuse, elevation, geology, rainfall intensity, slope inclination, soil, slope aspect, distances from main road, distances from secondary roads, and distances from main river and those from trunk streams were analyzed for occurrence of landslides. These factors were used with a modified form of pixel-based information value model to obtain landslide hazard zones. The matrix analysis was performed in remote sensing to produce a landslide hazard zonation map. The causative factors with the highest effect of landslide occurrence were landuse, rainfall intensity, distances from main road, distances from secondary roads, and distances from main river and those from trunk streams. In conclusion, we found that landslide occurrence was only in moderate, high, or very high hazard zones, and no landslides were in low or very low hazard zones showing 100% accuracy of our results. The landslide hazard zonation map showed that the current main road of the valley was in the zones of high or very high hazard. Two new safe road routes were suggested by using the GIS technology.
C1 [Akbar, Tahir Ali] Univ Calgary, Dept Civil Engn, Schulich Sch Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
   [Ha, Sung Ryong] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Urban Engn, Chungbuk 361763, South Korea.
C3 University of Calgary; Chungbuk National University
RP Akbar, TA (corresponding author), Univ Calgary, Dept Civil Engn, Schulich Sch Engn, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
EM taakbar@ucalgary.ca
TC 51
Z9 58
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
PD DEC
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 4
BP 527
EP 540
DI 10.1007/s10346-011-0260-1
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000297595500010
ER

PT J
AU Han, SY
   Liu, B
   Yang, JJ
   Feng, TT
   Luo, J
   Zhou, ZL
   Gong, H
AF Han, Suyue
   Liu, Bin
   Yang, Jingjing
   Feng, Tingting
   Luo, Jie
   Zhou, Zhongli
   Gong, Hao
TI Impact Assessment of the Effects of Strong Earthquake-Induced Hazards on
   the Socioeconomic Development Level of Earthquake-Stricken Areas after
   the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
SO MOBILE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
DT Article
ID ECONOMIC-LOSS ASSESSMENT; RECOVERY; GRAVITY
AB A strong earthquake-induced hazard has obvious long-term and spatial heterogeneity, which will result in continuous social and economic losses. Measuring the socioeconomic development level of the disaster area is of great significance for long-term development reconstruction after an earthquake. First, the kernel density estimation (KDE) is used to analyze the spatial effects of 10 extremely earthquake-stricken areas of the Wenchuan earthquake in this paper. Second, the economic gravity centers from 2006 to 2016 are calculated, and the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the socioeconomic development level of the study area are analyzed. Finally, the relationship between the effects of strong earthquake-induced hazards and the level of socioeconomic development in earthquake-stricken areas is discussed. The results indicate that the effect of landslide hazards show an oscillatory attenuation trend with time from 2008 to 2016 and has significant spatial differentiation characteristics. the economic gravity centers move in the direction of "moving northeast first and moving southwest later" with time, and the movement trend is closely related to the effect of hazard and the industrial structure of the earthquake-stricken areas.
C1 [Han, Suyue; Liu, Bin; Zhou, Zhongli; Gong, Hao] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Han, Suyue; Liu, Bin; Yang, Jingjing; Feng, Tingting; Luo, Jie; Zhou, Zhongli; Gong, Hao] Geomath Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Bin; Yang, Jingjing; Feng, Tingting; Luo, Jie; Zhou, Zhongli; Gong, Hao] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Math & Phys, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Liu, B; Zhou, ZL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Liu, B; Zhou, ZL (corresponding author), Geomath Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Liu, B; Zhou, ZL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Math & Phys, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM liubincim@163.com; zzl@cdut.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU HINDAWI LTD
PI LONDON
PA ADAM HOUSE, 3RD FLR, 1 FITZROY SQ, LONDON, W1T 5HF, ENGLAND
SN 1574-017X
EI 1875-905X
PD SEP 10
PY 2022
VL 2022
AR 1695637
DI 10.1155/2022/1695637
SC Computer Science; Telecommunications
UT WOS:000865955400001
ER

PT J
AU Utley, I
   Hales, T
   Hussain, E
   Fan, XM
AF Utley, Isabelle
   Hales, Tristram
   Hussain, Ekbal
   Fan, Xuanmei
TI Transformations in exposure to debris flows in post-earthquake Sichuan,
   China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DAMAGE; LANDSLIDES; MITIGATION; IMPACT; MODEL;
   INUNDATION; PREDICTION; CALIFORNIA; PROVINCE
AB Post-earthquake debris flows can exceed volumes of 1 x 106 m3 and pose significant challenges to downslope recovery zones. These stochastic hazards form when intense rain remobilises coseismic landslide material. As communities recover from earthquakes, they mitigate the effects of these debris flows through modifications to catchments such as building check dams and levees. We investigate how different catchment interventions change the exposure and hazard of post-2008 debris flows in three gullies in the Sichuan Province, China. These were selected based on the number of post-earthquake check dams - Cutou (two), Chediguan (two), and Xiaojia (none). Using high-resolution satellite images, we developed a multitemporal building inventory from 2005 to 2019, comparing it to the spatial distribution of previous debris flows and future modelled events. Post-earthquake urban development in Cutou and Chediguan increased exposure to a major debris flow in 2019, with inundation impacting 40 % and 7 % of surveyed structures respectively. We simulated future debris flow runouts using LAHARZ to investigate the role of check dams in mitigating three flow volumes - 104 m3 (low), 105 m3 (high), and 106 m3 (extreme). Our simulations show check dams effectively mitigate exposure to low- and high-flow events but prove ineffective for extreme events, with 59 % of buildings in Cutou, 22 % in Chediguan, and 33 % in Xiaojia significantly affected. We verified our analyses by employing a statistical exposure model, adapted from a social vulnerability equation. Cutou's exposure increased by 64 % in 2019 and Chediguan's by 52 %, while Xiaojia's increased by only 2 % in 2011, highlighting that extensive grey infrastructure correlates with higher exposure to extreme debris flows but less so with smaller events. Our work suggests that the presence of check dams contributes to a perceived reduction in downstream exposure. However, this perception can lead to a levee effect, whereby exposure to larger, less frequent events is ultimately increased.
C1 [Utley, Isabelle; Hales, Tristram] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
   [Hussain, Ekbal] British Geol Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England.
   [Fan, Xuanmei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Cardiff University; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Natural Environment
   Research Council (NERC); NERC British Geological Survey; Chengdu
   University of Technology
RP Utley, I (corresponding author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
EM utleyieu@gmail.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PD AUG 14
PY 2025
VL 25
IS 8
BP 2699
EP 2716
DI 10.5194/nhess-25-2699-2025
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001549910400001
ER

PT J
AU Wei, ZL
   Fan, XM
   Wang, XJ
   Huo, JK
   Yang, J
AF Wei, Zhen-lei
   Fan, Xuan-mei
   Wang, Xiao-jian
   Huo, Jing-kan
   Yang, Jie
TI Probabilistic rainfall thresholds of post-earthquake debris flows by
   integrating observed soil moisture content and calculated water runoff
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article; Early Access
DE Post-earthquake debris flows; Probabilistic thresholds;
   Hydro-meteorological thresholds; Observed soil water content; Water
   runoff
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INITIATION; MODEL; LANDSLIDES; CATCHMENT
AB Empirical rainfall thresholds are widely used for debris flow early warning due to their simplicity, but they often produce false alarms by ignoring non-triggering rainfall uncertainty and hydrological processes. To address this, we propose probabilistic thresholds based on two years of in-situ monitoring data, incorporating observed soil moisture and calculated water runoff. To our knowledge, this is the first time that calculated water runoff has been used as a factor in generating probabilistic hydro-meteorological thresholds for debris flows. Our findings indicate that the probabilistic hydro-meteorological thresholds slightly outperform the probabilistic cumulative rainfall-duration (E-D) thresholds, with accuracy values improving from 0.92 to 0.94. Compared to the probabilistic hydro-meteorological thresholds derived from observed soil moisture content, those derived from calculated water runoff offer significant potential for improving early warning systems for post-earthquake debris flows, as calculated water runoff can be predicted in advance. We argue that the findings of this study provide valuable insights for enhancing the accuracy of post-earthquake debris flow prediction.
C1 [Wei, Zhen-lei; Fan, Xuan-mei; Wang, Xiao-jian; Huo, Jing-kan; Yang, Jie] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Wei, ZL; Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM weizhenlei@cdut.edu.cn; fxm_cdut@qq.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD 2025 SEP 19
PY 2025
DI 10.1007/s10346-025-02623-7
EA SEP 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001574617600001
ER

PT J
AU Lin, X
   Huo, M
   Zhou, JW
   Cao, T
   Yang, FR
   Zhou, HW
AF Lin, Xing
   Huo, Miao
   Zhou, Jia-wen
   Cao, Tian
   Yang, Feng-rong
   Zhou, Hong-wei
TI An experimental study on controlling post-earthquake debris flows using
   slit dams
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Slit dam; Post-earthquake; Deposits; Characteristics of
   intercepted sediment
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE AREA; SEDIMENT SEPARATION STRUCTURE; CHECK DAMS;
   LANDSLIDE DEPOSITS; SABO DAM; PREVENTION; RAINFALL; IMPACTS; DEFENSE;
   DESIGN
AB Post-earthquake debris flows often break out in groups frequently, which are usually caused by the abundant loose solid materials that produced by earthquake. Slit dams represent a practical and effective kind of countermeasure for controlling the post-earthquake debris flow. Flume experiments were carried out to study the interaction mechanism and the effect of slit dams on the post-earthquake debris flows. The results showed that affected by the slit dams, some certain types of deposits formed on the upstream. The steeper the flume slope, as well as the greater the width and the density of slits, the easier the lateral deposit became "V" shaped. Otherwise, the lateral deposit was more likely to be "-" shaped. When the flume slopes were 12 degrees, 16 degrees and 20 degrees, the profiles of the deposits would be long-shallow type, short-thick type and short-shallow type, respectively. The slope of the deposition first decreases and then increases with the flume slope increasing within a certain range. The slit dam can trap the coarse sand and discharge the fine sand. The maximum attenuation rate can reach 44.4%. The effect of this capacity gradually weakens as the flume slope is increased. When the width or the density of slits is smaller, the greater the rate of decrease in peak sand discharge and the greater the effect of peak cutting will be. The reduction in the sediment storage rate is likely due to the increase in the width and the density of the slits. With the increase in flume slope, the sediment storage rate first increases, then decreases, which reaches a maximum value when the flume slope is 16 degrees.
C1 [Lin, Xing; Zhou, Jia-wen; Zhou, Hong-wei] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Lin, Xing; Huo, Miao; Cao, Tian; Yang, Feng-rong] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Sichuan University
RP Zhou, HW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM HW.Zhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 17
Z9 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD NOV
PY 2017
VL 76
IS 22
AR 780
DI 10.1007/s12665-017-7140-5
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000416820300032
ER

PT J
AU Tian, SF
   Chen, NS
   Rahman, M
   Hu, GS
   Peng, TX
   Zhang, Y
   Liu, M
AF Tian, Shufeng
   Chen, Ningsheng
   Rahman, Mahfuzur
   Hu, Guisheng
   Peng, Taixin
   Zhang, Yong
   Liu, Mei
TI New insights into the occurrence of the catastrophic Zhaiban slope
   debris flow that occurred in a dry valley in the Hengduan Mountains in
   southwest China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Slope debris flow; Open tunnel; Hollow regions; Dry-wet cycle; Hengduan
   Mountains
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES; RAINFALL
AB In 2019, the catastrophic Zhaiban slope debris flow (ZSDF) crushed an open road tunnel in Ganluo County, Sichuan Province, China, causing seven deaths and interrupting traffic flow for 16 days. We analyzed the characteristics of the ZSDF disaster by undertaking a comprehensive on-site investigation, evaluating the internal and external dynamic characteristics, and conducting a numerical simulation. The formation mechanism of typical slope debris flows in the arid valley area of the Hengduan Mountain was revealed, and the material foundations for generating the ZSDF were identified as internal dynamic effects on the slope (including thrust faults and folds), historical earthquake occurrences, and external dynamic effects from an extreme dry and wet cycle (with a low frequency of once in 55 years). Soil failure occurred in a hollow catchment region at the top of the gully (covering an area of 74,084 m(2)) under a heavy rainfall of 33.4 mm/h, and large boulders (average radius of 2.43 m) were pulled along the gully and down the steep slope gradient, thereby providing the large amount of kinetic energy required for the ZSDF. Large boulders and soil masses remain in gullies on slopes within the study area, providing the high possibility of future slope debris flows under heavy rainfall. The results also suggest the use of large-gradient flumes on top of open tunnels in the arid valley area of the Hengduan Mountains to provide optimum protection against slope debris flow.
C1 [Tian, Shufeng; Chen, Ningsheng; Hu, Guisheng; Peng, Taixin] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Tian, Shufeng; Peng, Taixin] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Ningsheng; Hu, Guisheng] Acad Plateau Sci & Sustainabil, Xining 810016, Peoples R China.
   [Rahman, Mahfuzur] Int Univ Business Agr & Technol IUBAT, Dept Civil Engn, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh.
   [Zhang, Yong] Anyang Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Architectural Engn, Anyang 455000, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Mei] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Sci, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; International University of Business
   Agriculture & Technology (IUBAT); Anyang Institute of Technology; Xihua
   University
RP Chen, NS; Hu, GS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM chennsh@imde.ac.cn; huguisheng@imde.ac.cn
TC 12
Z9 12
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAR
PY 2022
VL 19
IS 3
BP 647
EP 657
DI 10.1007/s10346-021-01824-0
EA JAN 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000742973200002
ER

PT J
AU You, Y
   Wang, DW
   Liu, JF
   Sun, H
   Wang, Z
   Zhang, WT
   Yang, HQ
AF You, Yong
   Wang, Dongwei
   Liu, Jinfeng
   Sun, Hao
   Wang, Zhuang
   Zhang, Wentao
   Yang, Huaquan
TI Assessment of the distribution and hazard tendency of debris flows along
   the Chengdu-Changdu section of the Sichuan-Tibet traffic corridor
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Sichuan-Tibet traffic corridor; Debris flow; Distribution; Hazard
   tendency; Fuzzy synthesis method
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LANDSLIDES;
   REGRESSION; MODEL; PREDICTION; RISK
AB This paper presents an analysis of the distribution of various types of debris flows along the traffic artery. By examining the distribution of debris flows, the study found that the most conducive geological and tectonic conditions for debris flow formation are located 5-30 km from the main fault and experience peak ground motion acceleration of 0.15 g or 0.20 g. In the study area, debris flows are primarily concentrated in the plateau mountainous region, where the annual average temperature ranges from 4 to 8 celcius and the annual average rainfall is less than 1000 mm. The paper further examines four key factors contributing to the hazard tendency of debris flows. It discusses in detail the underlying trends in tectonic activity and climate change and how these factors may impact the hazard tendency of debris flows in the study area. By using fuzzy synthesis method, the paper presents the distribution of debris flow hazard tendency within the study area. The study found that 11.9%, 30.8%, 31.0%, 10.4%, and 15.9% of the total area have very high, high, medium, low, and very low risk of debris flows, respectively. Of the 575 debris flow gullies identified by field investigations, 8%, 39%, 49%, 4%, and 0% were classified as having an extremely high, high, medium, low, and extremely low risk of debris flows, respectively. This indicates that the Sichuan-Tibet traffic corridor will remain a high-risk area for debris flows in the future due to the influence of active faults and climate change.
C1 [You, Yong; Wang, Dongwei; Liu, Jinfeng; Sun, Hao; Wang, Zhuang; Zhang, Wentao; Yang, Huaquan] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [You, Yong; Wang, Dongwei; Liu, Jinfeng; Sun, Hao; Wang, Zhuang; Zhang, Wentao; Yang, Huaquan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Dongwei; Wang, Zhuang; Zhang, Wentao; Yang, Huaquan] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Liu, JF (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Liu, JF (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM liujf@imde.ac.cn
TC 9
Z9 10
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUL
PY 2023
VL 82
IS 7
AR 253
DI 10.1007/s10064-023-03268-3
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001006167200002
ER

PT J
AU Liu, B
   Hu, XW
   He, K
   He, SH
   Shi, HB
   Liu, DY
AF Liu, Bo
   Hu, Xie-wen
   He, Kun
   He, Shu-heng
   Shi, Hong-bin
   Liu, Ding-yi
TI The starting mechanism and movement process of the coseismic rockslide:
   A case study of the Laoyingyan rockslide induced by the "5.12" Wenchuan
   earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Co-seismic rockslide; Seismic wave; Amplification coefficient; Finite
   difference method; Discrete element method; Landslide
ID LANDSLIDE; SLOPE; JOINTS; MODEL; 3DEC
AB The "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 triggered a large number of co-seismic landslides. The rear boundary or cracks of co-seismic landslide are generally located at the steep free surface of thin or thick mountains. Dynamic process of this kind of landslides could be divided into two parts: the seismic dynamic response of the slope and the movement process of rock mass. Taking the Laoyingyan rockslide as an example, the amplification effect was studied by single-degree-of-freedom system analysis method. Besides, the dynamic process of landslide under seismic loading was simulated by the finite difference method (FDM) and discrete element method (DEM). The amplification coefficient of the rockslide to seismic wave is 1.25. The results show that the critical sliding surface of the Laoyingyan rockslide was formed at the 23th seconds under the action of seismic wave. At the same time, tension failure occurred at the rear edge of the sliding mass and shear failure occurred at the front edge. The maximum displacement was 0.81 m and the initial velocity was 2.78 m/s. During the initiation process of the rockslide, the rock mass firstly broke down along the joints which are along the dip of the rock stratum, and then collapsed bodily along the secondary structural planes. In the process of movement, the maximum velocity of rock mass was 38.24 m/s. After that, the rock mass underwent multiple collisions, including contact, deceleration to 0 and speed recovery after rebound. Finally, due to the constant loss of energy, the rocks stopped and accumulated loosely at the foot of the slope. The longest distance of movement was about 494 m. Besides, the smaller the damping ratio, the farther the rock mass moved. Compared with the results without considering the amplification factor, the movement distance of landslide by considering the amplification factor was more accurate. The study of the Laoyingyan rockslide is helpful to strengthen our field identification of potential co-seismic rockslides. At the same time, understanding its movement and accumulation process can help us better predict the hazard scope of the co-seismic rockslides, and provide a reference for the design of treatment projects.
C1 [Liu, Bo; Hu, Xie-wen; He, Kun; He, Shu-heng; Shi, Hong-bin; Liu, Ding-yi] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Liu, B (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
EM liubogeology@gmail.com; huxiewen@163.com; hekun429@126.com;
   hsh20170922@gmail.com; 15528218826@163.com; 425245192@qq.com
TC 20
Z9 25
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAY
PY 2020
VL 17
IS 5
BP 1188
EP 1205
DI 10.1007/s11629-019-5775-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000534803600013
ER

PT J
AU Kargel, JS
   Leonard, GJ
   Shugar, DH
   Haritashya, UK
   Bevington, A
   Fielding, EJ
   Fujita, K
   Geertsema, M
   Miles, ES
   Steiner, J
   Anderson, E
   Bajracharya, S
   Bawden, GW
   Breashears, DF
   Byers, A
   Collins, B
   Dhital, MR
   Donnellan, A
   Evans, TL
   Geai, ML
   Glasscoe, MT
   Green, D
   Gurung, DR
   Heijenk, R
   Hilborn, A
   Hudnut, K
   Huyck, C
   Immerzeel, WW
   Jiang, LM
   Jibson, R
   Kääb, A
   Khanal, NR
   Kirschbaum, D
   Kraaijenbrink, PDA
   Lamsal, D
   Liu, SY
   Lv, MY
   McKinney, D
   Nahirnick, NK
   Nan, ZT
   Ojha, S
   Olsenholler, J
   Painter, TH
   Pleasants, M
   Pratima, KC
   Yuan, QI
   Raup, BH
   Regmi, D
   Rounce, DR
   Sakai, A
   Donghui, S
   Shea, JM
   Shrestha, AB
   Shukla, A
   Stumm, D
   van der Kooij, M
   Voss, K
   Xin, W
   Weihs, B
   Wolfe, D
   Wu, LZ
   Yao, XJ
   Yoder, MR
   Young, N
AF Kargel, J. S.
   Leonard, G. J.
   Shugar, D. H.
   Haritashya, U. K.
   Bevington, A.
   Fielding, E. J.
   Fujita, K.
   Geertsema, M.
   Miles, E. S.
   Steiner, J.
   Anderson, E.
   Bajracharya, S.
   Bawden, G. W.
   Breashears, D. F.
   Byers, A.
   Collins, B.
   Dhital, M. R.
   Donnellan, A.
   Evans, T. L.
   Geai, M. L.
   Glasscoe, M. T.
   Green, D.
   Gurung, D. R.
   Heijenk, R.
   Hilborn, A.
   Hudnut, K.
   Huyck, C.
   Immerzeel, W. W.
   Jiang Liming
   Jibson, R.
   Kaab, A.
   Khanal, N. R.
   Kirschbaum, D.
   Kraaijenbrink, P. D. A.
   Lamsal, D.
   Liu Shiyin
   Lv Mingyang
   McKinney, D.
   Nahirnick, N. K.
   Nan Zhuotong
   Ojha, S.
   Olsenholler, J.
   Painter, T. H.
   Pleasants, M.
   Pratima, K. C.
   Yuan, Q. I.
   Raup, B. H.
   Regmi, D.
   Rounce, D. R.
   Sakai, A.
   Donghui, Shangguan
   Shea, J. M.
   Shrestha, A. B.
   Shukla, A.
   Stumm, D.
   van der Kooij, M.
   Voss, K.
   Xin, Wang
   Weihs, B.
   Wolfe, D.
   Wu Lizong
   Yao Xiaojun
   Yoder, M. R.
   Young, N.
TI Geomorphic and geologic controls of geohazards induced by Nepal's 2015
   Gorkha earthquake
SO SCIENCE
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; LARGE ROCKSLIDES;
   GLACIERS; DISPLACEMENT; TOPOGRAPHY; CALIFORNIA; AFTERSHOCK; MOUNTAINS;
   HIMALAYAS
AB The Gorkha earthquake (magnitude 7.8) on 25 April 2015 and later aftershocks struck South Asia, killing similar to 9000 people and damaging a large region. Supported by a large campaign of responsive satellite data acquisitions over the earthquake disaster zone, our team undertook a satellite image survey of the earthquakes' induced geohazards in Nepal and China and an assessment of the geomorphic, tectonic, and lithologic controls on quake-induced landslides. Timely analysis and communication aided response and recovery and informed decision-makers. We mapped 4312 coseismic and postseismic landslides. We also surveyed 491 glacier lakes for earthquake damage but found only nine landslide-impacted lakes and no visible satellite evidence of outbursts. Landslide densities correlate with slope, peak ground acceleration, surface downdrop, and specific metamorphic lithologies and large plutonic intrusions.
C1 [Kargel, J. S.; Leonard, G. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Shugar, D. H.] Univ Washington, Sch Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, Tacoma, WA USA.
   [Haritashya, U. K.; Pleasants, M.] Univ Dayton, Dept Geol, Dayton, OH 45469 USA.
   [Bevington, A.; Geertsema, M.; Heijenk, R.] Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resource Operat, Prince George, BC, Canada.
   [Fielding, E. J.; Donnellan, A.; Glasscoe, M. T.; Lamsal, D.; Ojha, S.; Painter, T. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
   [Fujita, K.; Sakai, A.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.
   [Miles, E. S.] Univ Cambridge, Scott Polar Res Inst, Cambridge CB2 1ER, England.
   [Steiner, J.] Fed Inst Technol ETH, Inst Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Anderson, E.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
   [Bajracharya, S.; Gurung, D. R.; Khanal, N. R.; Shea, J. M.; Shrestha, A. B.; Stumm, D.] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Bawden, G. W.; Green, D.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA.
   [Breashears, D. F.] GlacierWorks, Marblehead, MA USA.
   [Byers, A.] Mt Inst, Elkins, WV USA.
   [Collins, B.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Dhital, M. R.] Tribhuvan Univ, Cent Dept Geol, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Evans, T. L.; Hilborn, A.; Nahirnick, N. K.] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Victoria, BC, Canada.
   [Geai, M. L.] CVA Engn, Suresnes, France.
   [Hudnut, K.] US Geol Survey, Earthquake Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA.
   [Huyck, C.] ImageCat, Long Beach, CA USA.
   [Immerzeel, W. W.; Kraaijenbrink, P. D. A.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Utrecht, Netherlands.
   [Jiang Liming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geodesy & Geophys, State Key Lab Geodesy & Earths Dynam, Wuhan, Hubei Province, Peoples R China.
   [Jibson, R.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA.
   [Kaab, A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway.
   [Kirschbaum, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Liu Shiyin; Yuan, Q. I.; Donghui, Shangguan] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Lv Mingyang; Wu Lizong] Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [McKinney, D.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   [Nan Zhuotong] Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Olsenholler, J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX USA.
   [Pratima, K. C.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Arizona Remote Sensing Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA.
   [Raup, B. H.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Regmi, D.] Himalayan Res Ctr, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Rounce, D. R.] Univ Texas Austin, Environm & Water Resources Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   [Shukla, A.] Wadia Inst Himalayan Geol, Dehra Dun, India.
   [Shukla, A.; van der Kooij, M.] MacDonald Dettwiler & Associates GSI, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
   [Voss, K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Xin, Wang] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Architecture & Urban Planning, Xiangtan, Peoples R China.
   [Weihs, B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geog, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   [Wolfe, D.] Global Land Ice Measurements Space GLIMS Steward, Anchorage, AK USA.
   [Yao Xiaojun] Northwest Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci & Environm, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Yoder, M. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Young, N.] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
C3 University of Arizona; University of Washington; University of
   Washington Tacoma; University System of Ohio; University of Dayton;
   California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics & Space
   Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Nagoya
   University; University of Cambridge; Swiss Federal Institutes of
   Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; National Aeronautics & Space
   Administration (NASA); NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; National
   Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); United States Department of
   the Interior; United States Geological Survey; Tribhuvan University;
   University of Victoria; United States Department of the Interior; United
   States Geological Survey; Utrecht University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science &
   Technology, CAS; United States Department of the Interior; United States
   Geological Survey; University of Oslo; National Aeronautics & Space
   Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Chinese Academy
   of Sciences; Cold & Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research
   Institute, CAS; Nanjing University; University of Texas System;
   University of Texas Austin; Nanjing Normal University; Texas A&M
   University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of
   Arizona; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder;
   University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Department of
   Science & Technology (India); Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology
   (WIHG); University of California System; University of California Santa
   Barbara; Hunan University of Science & Technology; Kansas State
   University; University of California System; University of California
   Davis; University of Tasmania; Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems
   Cooperative Research Centre (ACE CRC)
RP Kargel, JS (corresponding author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM kargel@hwr.arizona.edu; dshugar@uw.edu; uharitashya1@udayton.edu
TC 376
Z9 422
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
PD JAN 8
PY 2016
VL 351
IS 6269
AR aac8353
DI 10.1126/science.aac8353
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000367806500032
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   van Westen, CJ
   Korup, O
   Gorum, T
   Xu, Q
   Dai, FC
   Huang, RQ
   Wang, GH
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Korup, Oliver
   Gorum, Tolga
   Xu, Qiang
   Dai, Fuchu
   Huang, Runqiu
   Wang, Gonghui
TI Transient water and sediment storage of the decaying landslide dams
   induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Earthquake; Magnitude and frequency; Sediment budget
ID NEW-ZEALAND; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FAILURE; EROSION;
   RIVERS; REGION; FLOOD; BREAK
AB Earthquake-triggered landslide dams are potentially dangerous disrupters of water and sediment flux in mountain rivers, and capable of releasing catastrophic outburst flows to downstream areas. We analyze an inventory of 828 landslide dams in the Longmen Shan mountains, China, triggered by the M-w 7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. This database is unique in that it is the largest of its kind attributable to a single regional-scale triggering event: 501 of the spatially clustered landslides fully blocked rivers, while the remainder only partially obstructed or diverted channels in steep watersheds of the hanging wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault Zone. The size distributions of the earthquake-triggered landslides, landslide dams, and associated lakes (a) can be modeled by an inverse gamma distribution; (b) show that moderate-size slope failures caused the majority of blockages; and (c) allow a detailed assessment of seismically induced river-blockage effects on regional water and sediment storage. Monte Carlo simulations based on volumetric scaling relationships for soil and bedrock failures respectively indicate that 14% (18%) of the estimated total coseismic landslide volume of 6.4 (14.6) x 10(9) m(3) was contained in landslide dams, representing only 1.4% of the >60,000 slope failures attributed to the earthquake. These dams have created storage capacity of similar to 0.6x 10(9) m(3) for incoming water and sediment. About 25% of the dams containing 2% of the total river-blocking debris volume failed one week after the earthquake; these figures had risen to 60% (similar to 20%), and >90% (>90%) within one month, and one:year, respectively, thus also emptying similar to 92% of the total potential water and sediment storage behind these, dams within one year following the earthquake. Currently only similar to 0.08 x 10(9) m(3) remain available as natural reservoirs for storing water and sediment, while similar to 0.19 x 10(9) m(3), i.e. about a third of the total river-blocking debris volume, has been eroded by rivers. Dam volume and upstream catchment area control to first order the longevity of the barriers, and bivariate domain plots are consistent with the observation that most earthquake-triggered landslide dams were ephemeral. We conclude that the river-blocking portion of coseismic slope failures disproportionately modulates the post-seismic sediment flux in the Longmen Shan on annual to decadal timescales. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; van Westen, Cees J.; Gorum, Tolga] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Fan, Xuanmei; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Korup, Oliver] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Dai, Fuchu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Gonghui] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
C3 University of Twente; Chengdu University of Technology; University of
   Potsdam; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics,
   CAS; Kyoto University
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
EM fan21676@itc.nl
TC 80
Z9 91
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD OCT 15
PY 2012
VL 171
BP 58
EP 68
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.05.003
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000309093400005
ER

PT J
AU Dai, LX
   Fan, XM
   Wang, X
   Fang, CY
   Zou, CB
   Tang, XC
   Wei, ZL
   Xia, MY
   Wang, D
   Xu, Q
AF Dai, Lanxin
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Wang, Xin
   Fang, Chengyong
   Zou, Chengbin
   Tang, Xiaochuan
   Wei, Zhenlei
   Xia, Mingyao
   Wang, Dan
   Xu, Qiang
TI Coseismic landslides triggered by the 2022 Luding Ms6.8 earthquake,
   China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Coseismic landslides; Luding earthquake; Prediction; Remote sensing;
   Interpretation; Spatial distribution
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; XIANSHUIHE FAULT;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; HAZARD; PREDICTION; FOREST; MODEL
AB On September 5, 2022, an Ms6.8 earthquake struck Luding County, Sichuan Province, China. Through creating a coseismic landslide prediction model, we obtained the spatial distribution of the triggered geological hazards immediately after the earthquake. Through collecting all available multi-source optical remote sensing images of the earthquake-affected area via UAV and satellite platforms, the exact information of coseismic landslide was achieved by pattern recognition and visual inspection. According to the current results, the Luding earthquake triggered 5336 landslides with a total area of 28.53km(2). The spatial distribution of the coseismic landslides is correlated statistically to various seismic, terrain, and geological factors, to evaluate their susceptibility at regional scale and to identify the most typical characteristics of these failures. The results reveal that the coseismic landslides mainly occurred on the sides of the Xianshuihe fault (within 1.2 km) and Dadu River (within 0.5 km) in striped patterns. They are concentrated in the regions with an elevation range of 1000-1800 m, a slope range of 25-55 degrees, and lithologies of acid plutonic rocks, mixed sedimentary rocks, and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Besides, the coseismic landslides of the Luding earthquake are smaller in size and shallower than those triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Rapidly achieving the spatial locations and distribution patterns of the coseismic landslides enables to provide effective support and guidance to emergency rescue, risk mitigation, and reconstruction planning.
C1 [Dai, Lanxin; Fan, Xuanmei; Wang, Xin; Fang, Chengyong; Zou, Chengbin; Tang, Xiaochuan; Wei, Zhenlei; Xia, Mingyao; Wang, Dan; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Fan, XM (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com; wangxin@cdut.edu.cn
TC 49
Z9 56
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 6
BP 1277
EP 1292
DI 10.1007/s10346-023-02061-3
EA APR 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000969759900002
ER

PT J
AU Hu, XL
   Ju, NP
   Zhao, JJ
   Feng, QQ
   Zhao, WH
   Huang, J
   Xie, ML
AF Hu, Xiaolong
   Ju, Nengpan
   Zhao, Jianjun
   Feng, Qianqian
   Zhao, Weihua
   Huang, Jian
   Xie, Mingli
TI Reservoir impoundment induced the revival of toppling paleo-landslide in
   the upper reaches of the Yellow River: a case of Darou landslide
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Toppling paleo-landslide; Monitoring; Deformation characteristics;
   Evolutionary process; Reservoir impoundment; Toppling residual
ID 3 GORGES RESERVOIR; GRAVITATIONAL SLOPE DEFORMATION; ROCK SLOPE;
   DIP-SLOPE; FAILURE; MECHANISM; SLIDE; DISPLACEMENTS; DRAWDOWN
AB Analyzing the triggering mechanisms and evolution processes of reservoir-induced landslides is essential for assessing their stability and providing appropriate solutions for reservoir operators. This study focuses on the Darou (DR) landslide, which is a toppling paleo-landslide. We investigate the triggering mechanisms, deformation characteristics, and evolution of this landslide through detailed field investigations, borehole data, monitoring results, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The findings indicate that the DR landslide is a multistage toppling failure that occurred in the late Pleistocene. Its evolution process consists of four main stages: epigenetic reformation, time-dependent deformation, progressive deformation, and sliding failure. Before the impoundment, the landslide was predominantly creeping, except for the significant deformation caused by the Wenchuan earthquake 2008. However, after the impoundment, a strong deformation response occurred on its surface and subsurface. The maximum displacement is approximately 2310 mm on the ground and 890 mm underground. Moreover, some significant displacements below the deep sliding zone were monitored at In01, In02, and In08, with displacements of 50, 40, and 100 mm, respectively. Through integrated analysis, it was found that this phenomenon was closely related to the toppling residues. The findings in this study could provide some help in the design of reinforcements and management for toppling landslides under similar geological settings.
C1 [Hu, Xiaolong; Ju, Nengpan; Zhao, Jianjun; Zhao, Weihua; Huang, Jian; Xie, Mingli] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xiaolong; Ju, Nengpan; Zhao, Jianjun; Feng, Qianqian; Zhao, Weihua; Huang, Jian; Xie, Mingli] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Environm & Civil Engn, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Ju, NP (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM jnp@cdut.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD NOV
PY 2025
VL 22
IS 11
BP 3743
EP 3757
DI 10.1007/s10346-025-02570-3
EA JUL 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001528418300001
ER

PT J
AU Zhong, QM
   Chen, SS
   Mei, SA
   Cao, W
AF Zhong, Q. M.
   Chen, S. S.
   Mei, S. A.
   Cao, W.
TI Numerical simulation of landslide dam breaching due to overtopping
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Overtopping; Numerical simulation; Sensitivity analysis
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EROSION; FLOOD; FAILURE
AB The breach of landslide dam often causes significant disaster in the inundated area; the prediction of breach hydrograph is in high demand for the dam breach risk evaluation. In this study, according to the model tests and Tangjiashan landslide dam breach case, the surface erosion accompanied by intermittent mass failure is known as the key breaching mechanism for landslide dam due to overtopping failure. The downstream slope angle would gradually decrease during the dam-breaching process, whereas a planar wedge failure occurs when the breach slopes at the dam crest and downstream breach channel fail. Based on the breach mechanism, a numerical model for landslide dam breach due to overtopping is developed to simulate the coupling process of water and soil. The model focuses on the breach morphology evolution during the breaching for the sake of the improvement of breach hydrograph prediction. Furthermore, the model can handle one- and two-sided breach, as well as incomplete and base erosion at the vertical direction. The case study of Tangjiashan landslide dam-breaching feedback analysis testifies the rationality of the present model with the relative errors less than 10% for peak discharge, final breach widths, and time to peak. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the final breach depth and soil erodibility affect the breach flow prediction of the landslide dam significantly, whereas the one- or two-sided breach mode is less sensitive.
C1 [Zhong, Q. M.; Chen, S. S.] Nanjing Hydraul Res Inst, Key Lab Failure Mech & Safety Control Tech Earth, Minist Water Resources, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Mei, S. A.; Cao, W.] Nanjing Hydraul Res Inst, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute; Nanjing Hydraulic Research
   Institute
RP Zhong, QM (corresponding author), Nanjing Hydraul Res Inst, Key Lab Failure Mech & Safety Control Tech Earth, Minist Water Resources, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM qmzhong@nhri.cn; sschen@nhri.cn; 670938267@qq.com; wcao@nhri.cn
TC 101
Z9 119
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUN
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 6
BP 1183
EP 1192
DI 10.1007/s10346-017-0935-3
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000432127000011
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, FF
   He, MC
   Sui, QR
   Tao, ZG
AF Zhao, Feifei
   He, Manchao
   Sui, Qiru
   Tao, Zhigang
TI Impacts and depositional behaviors of debris flows on natural
   boulder-negative Poisson's ratio anchor cable baffles
SO JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Debris flow; Natural boulders; NPR anchor cable; Baffle; Depositional
   behavior; Impact
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MECHANISMS; MORPHOLOGY; DAMAGE; ROCK
AB The impacts of natural boulders carried by debris flows pose serious risks to the safety and reliability of structures and buildings. Natural boulders can be highly random and unpredictable. Consequently, boulder control during debris flows is crucial but difficult. Herein, an eco-friendly control system featuring anchoring natural boulders (NBs) with (negative Poisson's ratio) NPR anchor cables is proposed to form an NB-NPR baffle. A series of flume experiments are conducted to verify the effect of NB-NPR baffles on controlling debris flow impact. The deployment of NB-NPR baffles substantially influences the kinematic behavior of a debris flow, primarily in the form of changes in the depositional properties and impact intensities. The results show that the NB-NPR baffle matrix successfully controls boulder mobility and exhibits positive feedback on solid particle deposition. The NB-NPR baffle group exhibits a reduction in peak impact force ranging from 29% to 79% compared to that of the control group in the basic experiment. The NPR anchor cables play a significant role in the NB-NPR baffle by demonstrating particular characteristics, including consistent resistance, large deformation, and substantial energy absorption. The NB-NPR baffle innovatively utilizes the natural boulders in a debris flow gully by converting destructive boulders into constructive boulders. Overall, this research serves as a basis for future field experiments and applications. (c) 2025 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/).
C1 [Zhao, Feifei; He, Manchao; Sui, Qiru; Tao, Zhigang] China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Tunnel Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Feifei; He, Manchao; Sui, Qiru; Tao, Zhigang] China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, Sch Mech & Civil Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Mining & Technology; China University of Mining &
   Technology
RP Sui, QR (corresponding author), China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Tunnel Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM suiqiru@163.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-7755
EI 2589-0417
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 17
IS 2
BP 946
EP 959
DI 10.1016/j.jrmge.2024.03.027
EA FEB 2025
SC Engineering
UT WOS:001430435900001
ER

PT J
AU Li, C
   Wei, SH
   Xu, XQ
   Qu, X
AF Li, Cheng
   Wei, Shuhe
   Xu, Xingqian
   Qu, Xin
TI Modelling of Critical Acceleration for Regional Seismic Landslide Hazard
   Assessments by Finite Element Limit Analysis
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE critical acceleration modeling; newmark sliding block; limit equilibrium
   method; finite element limit analysis; regional assessment; seismic
   landslide
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STABILITY CHARTS; SLOPE;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHINA; SCENARIO; FAILURE; LUSHAN
AB The critical acceleration model plays an important role in seismic slope stability and determines the predictive accuracy of regional seismic landslide hazard assessments. Recently, the critical acceleration model based on the limit equilibrium method has been used to evaluate the seismic stability of regional slopes. However, when the Hoek-Brown failure criterion is used to evaluate the seismic stability of slopes with angles greater than 60 degrees, the results obtained is unconservative by limit equilibrium method. Therefore, based on the simulation of a typical slope model with finite element limit analysis, prediction equations of the critical acceleration are established. The corresponding results are compared with the prediction results from the limit equilibrium method. This comparison shows that the proposed critical acceleration model has higher predictive accuracy than the limit equilibrium method, especially when the Hoek-Brown failure criterion is used to evaluate the slopes with angles greater than 60 degrees. The proposed model is applicable to the global scope and can be effectively applied to regional seismic landslide hazard assessments.
C1 [Li, Cheng; Wei, Shuhe] Kaili Univ, Sch Architectural Engn, Guizhou, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Cheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Xingqian] Yunnan Agr Univ, Coll Water Conservancy, Kunming, Peoples R China.
   [Qu, Xin] Anyang Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Architecture Engn, Anyang, Peoples R China.
C3 Kaili University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS; Yunnan Agricultural University; Anyang
   Institute of Technology
RP Xu, XQ (corresponding author), Yunnan Agr Univ, Coll Water Conservancy, Kunming, Peoples R China.; Qu, X (corresponding author), Anyang Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Architecture Engn, Anyang, Peoples R China.
EM xuxingqian_123@163.com; xqu1987@163.com
TC 1
Z9 1
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD JAN 25
PY 2022
VL 10
AR 830371
DI 10.3389/feart.2022.830371
SC Geology
UT WOS:000752596100001
ER

PT J
AU Bai, XQ
   Jian, JH
   He, SM
   Liu, W
AF Bai, Xiuqiang
   Jian, Jihao
   He, Siming
   Liu, Wei
TI Dynamic process of the massive Xinmo landslide, Sichuan (China), from
   joint seismic signal and morphodynamic analysis
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Xinmo village landslide; Morphodynamic; Seismic signal; Frictional
   velocity-weakening
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RUN-OUT; SIMULATION; MECHANISM; ROCKSLIDE;
   MOBILITY; DEBRIS; DAMS; RISK; DDA
AB On 24 June 2017, a massive high-position landslide occurred at Diexi, Maoxian county, Sichuan, China, destroying the village of Xinmo with over 80 fatalities. Based on field surveys and DEM data before and after the landslide, the run-out of the landslide had a horizontal extent of 2400m and a vertical extent of 1200m and covered an area of about 1.48x10(6)m(2). Based on the pre- and post-landslide profiles, the landslide region can be divided into four zones: source area, erosion area, sliding area, and accumulation area. The volume and area of each zone were calculated from DEM data before and after the landslide. Because of the fragmentation and erosion of the landslide during movement, the landslide volume increased from 2.8x10(6)m(3) to 6.4x10(6)m(3); the fractional amount of volume expansion due to fragmentation (F-F) and entrainment ratio (ER) were 0.033 and 1.23, respectively. The velocity and acceleration of the Xinmo landslide were calculated through the inverted forces from seismic waves. The friction coefficients in each zone of the landslide during movement were also obtained, providing a useful parameter for numerical simulation modeling. An inverse relation was found between the absolute velocity and friction coefficient of each zone, demonstrating the existence of frictional velocity-weakening in massive extensive landslides. Based on frictional velocity-weakening, the steady-state apparent friction (U,sigma) as a function of absolute slip velocity U and normal pressure sigma was also obtained.
C1 [Bai, Xiuqiang; He, Siming] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Bai, Xiuqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Bai, Xiuqiang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Jian, Jihao] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Environm & Civil Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [He, Siming; Liu, Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [He, Siming; Liu, Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS;
   Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,
   CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS
RP He, SM (corresponding author), CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.; He, SM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; He, SM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM hsm@imde.ac.cn
TC 22
Z9 24
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUL
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 5
BP 3269
EP 3279
DI 10.1007/s10064-018-1360-0
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000471237400016
ER

PT J
AU Xing, AG
   Yuan, XY
   Xu, Q
   Zhao, QH
   Huang, HQ
   Cheng, QG
AF Xing, Aiguo
   Yuan, Xiaoyi
   Xu, Qiang
   Zhao, Qihua
   Huang, Heqing
   Cheng, Qiangong
TI Characteristics and numerical runout modelling of a catastrophic rock
   avalanche triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in the Wenjia valley,
   Mianzhu, Sichuan, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Rock avalanche; Post-failure behaviour; Numerical modelling; DAN3D
   model; Wenchuan earthquake
ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; DEPTH-INTEGRATED MODEL; 13 AUGUST 2010;
   DEBRIS FLOWS; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SOUTHWESTERN CHINA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
   ENTRAINMENT; PROPAGATION; INITIATION
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered more than 100 rock avalanches with volumes greater than 10 million cubic metres. The rock avalanche with the longest runout amongst these destructive landslides occurred in the Wenjia valley, Mianzhu, Sichuan, China. The landslide involved the failure of about 27.5 million cubic metres of sandstone from the source area. The displaced material travelled about 4,170 m with an elevation descent of about 1,360 m, equivalent to a fahrboschung of 16.9A degrees and covered an area of 1.5 million square metres, with the final deposited volume of approximately 49 million cubic metres. The catastrophic event destroyed the village of Yanjing, killed 48 people and buried some houses at the mouth of the Wenjia valley. On the basis of a detailed field investigation, we introduce basic characteristics of the rock avalanche and find that the rock avalanche resulted in two run-ups and a superelevation along the runout path, and downslope enlargement due to the entrainment of path materials. A numerical model (DAN3D) is used to simulate the post-failure behaviour of the rock avalanche. By means of trial and error, a combination of the frictional model and Voellmy model is found to provide the best performance in simulating this rock avalanche. The simulation results reveal that the rock avalanche had a duration of about 240 s and an average velocity of 17.4 m/s.
C1 [Xing, Aiguo; Yuan, Xiaoyi] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Qiang; Zhao, Qihua] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Heqing] China Commun Construct Co Ltd, Highway Consultant Co Ltd 2, Wuhan 430056, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Qiangong] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm & Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Xing, AG (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
EM xingaiguo@sjtu.edu.cn
TC 37
Z9 45
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD FEB
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 1
BP 83
EP 98
DI 10.1007/s10346-016-0707-5
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000393643900006
ER

PT J
AU Ran, QH
   Qian, Q
   Li, W
   Fu, XD
   Yu, X
   Xu, YP
AF Ran, Qi-hua
   Qian, Qun
   Li, Wei
   Fu, Xu-dong
   Yu, Xiao
   Xu, Yue-ping
TI Impact of earthquake-induced-landslides on hydrologic response of a
   steep mountainous catchment: a case study of the Wenchuan earthquake
   zone
SO JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE A
DT Article
DE Underlying surface conditions; Landslide; Earthquake; Hydrologic
   response; Numerical simulation
ID SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; R-5 CATCHMENT; MODEL INHM; SIMULATIONS; RUNOFF;
   MICROTOPOGRAPHY; RAINFALL; SCALE
AB Earthquake-induced-landslides will change the underlying surface conditions (topography, vegetation cover rate, etc.), which consequently may influence the hydrologic response and then change the flash flood risk. The Jianpinggou catchment, located in the Wenchuan earthquake (occurred in Sichuan, China, 2008) affected area, is selected as the study area. The distribution of the landslides is obtained from the remote sensing image data. The changes of topography are obtained from the comparisons among digital elevation models (DEMs) during different periods. A physical-based model, the integrated hydrology model (InHM), is used to simulate the hydrologic response before and after the landslide. The influence of the underlying surface conditions is then discussed based on the simulation results. The results reveal that landslides cause significant effects on the hydrologic response, and the impact is proportional to the proportion of surface flow in the total runoff. The effect of landslides on the runoff is insignificant at the outlet, but obvious in the local area. The larger the rainfall, the more visible the impact, and the impact of landslides will increase rapidly at the threshold of the runoff (the total rainfall of 235 mm in 6 h in the study area), but there is a limit with the further enlarged rainfall. The improved understanding of the impact of landslides on the hydrologic response provides valuable theoretical support for storm flood forecasting.
C1 [Ran, Qi-hua; Qian, Qun; Li, Wei; Xu, Yue-ping] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Hydrol & Water Resources, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   [Fu, Xu-dong] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Yu, Xiao] China Three Gorges Corp, Beijing 100038, Peoples R China.
C3 Zhejiang University; Tsinghua University; China Three Gorges Corporation
RP Xu, YP (corresponding author), Zhejiang Univ, Inst Hydrol & Water Resources, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
EM yuepingxu@zju.edu.cn
TC 14
Z9 15
PU ZHEJIANG UNIV
PI HANGZHOU
PA EDITORIAL BOARD, 20 YUGU RD, HANGZHOU, 310027, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1673-565X
EI 1862-1775
PD FEB
PY 2015
VL 16
IS 2
BP 131
EP 142
DI 10.1631/jzus.A1400039
SC Engineering; Physics
UT WOS:000349016200005
ER

PT J
AU Xu, XZ
   Guo, WZ
   Liu, YK
   Ma, JZ
   Wang, WL
   Zhang, HW
   Gao, H
AF Xu, Xiang-Zhou
   Guo, Wen-Zhao
   Liu, Ya-Kun
   Ma, Jian-Zhong
   Wang, Wen-Long
   Zhang, Hong-Wu
   Gao, Hang
TI Landslides on the Loess Plateau of China: a latest statistics together
   with a close look
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Geological hazards; Landslides; Soil yield; Triggering mechanism
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEDIMENT DELIVERY; RAINFALL; EROSION; CATCHMENT;
   INCREASE; HAZARD; TAIWAN; SCALE; BASIN
AB Landslide plays an important role in landscape evolution, delivers huge amounts of sediment to rivers and seriously affects the structure and function of ecosystems and society. Here, a statistical analysis together with a field investigation was carried out on the Loess Plateau of China to address the challenges. The study tracks landslide-related deaths and collects knowledge about this natural hazard. Since the 1980s, 53 fatal landslides have occurred, causing 717 deaths. As the most important trigger, rainfall induced 40% of the catastrophic landslides, while other factors, i.e., human activities, freeze-thaw and earthquake, accounted for 36, 23 and 1%, respectively. Furthermore, landslide frequency and death toll related to human activities were increasing as time went on. Landslide also plays an important role in sediment delivery, especially in areas with steep terrain. Sediment discharge from landslides accounts for a considerable proportion of the total soil loss in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. In some catchments of the Loess Plateau, landslides contributed over 50% of the total sediment discharge. The result shows that landslide is a widespread geologic hazard in the rural area of the Loess Plateau, China.
C1 [Xu, Xiang-Zhou; Ma, Jian-Zhong; Wang, Wen-Long] Northwest Agr & Forestry Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Xiang-Zhou; Ma, Jian-Zhong; Wang, Wen-Long] Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Xiang-Zhou; Guo, Wen-Zhao; Liu, Ya-Kun; Gao, Hang] Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Hydraul Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Hong-Wu] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
C3 Northwest A&F University - China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ministry
   of Water Resources; Dalian University of Technology; Tsinghua University
RP Xu, XZ (corresponding author), Northwest Agr & Forestry Univ, Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.; Xu, XZ (corresponding author), Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.; Xu, XZ (corresponding author), Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Hydraul Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China.
EM xzxu@dlut.edu.cn
TC 55
Z9 65
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD APR
PY 2017
VL 86
IS 3
BP 1393
EP 1403
DI 10.1007/s11069-016-2738-6
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000398519700021
ER

PT J
AU Wei, L
   Hu, KH
   Liu, J
AF Wei, Li
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Liu, Jin
TI Automatic identification of buildings vulnerable to debris flows in
   Sichuan Province, China, by GIS analysis and Deep Encoding Network
   methods
SO JOURNAL OF FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT
DT Article
DE building extraction; building position; debris flow hazards; GF-2
   satellite image; vulnerability matrix
ID MAGNITUDE-FREQUENCY RELATIONSHIPS; QUANTITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS; 2008
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; URBAN AREAS; LANDSLIDES; EXTRACTION; DAMAGE;
   IMPACT; HAZARD
AB Debris flows commonly cause tremendous damage to buildings in mountainous areas. The identification of buildings susceptible to debris flows is vital for settlement risk management. The efficient identification method is a major issue limiting the targeted regional policy setting. By combining geographic information system (GIS) and Deep Encoding Network (DE-Net) methods, we proposed an automatic identification method for buildings highly susceptible to debris flows with large-scale digital elevation data and high-resolution remote sensing imagery. The judgment criteria were based on a vulnerability matrix containing different threshold values of the horizontal distance (HD) and vertical distance (VD) between buildings and channels obtained from the statistics of 362 buildings destroyed by 23 debris flows and the maximum debris flow depths of 26 events, respectively. Five steps, which are debris flow channel extraction, building extraction, building cluster segmentation, distance calculation, and building classification, were implemented in the method. A case study in Puge County, Sichuan Province, demonstrated the high identification potential of the method for buildings susceptible to debris flows in large areas with only scarce information available. The identification results provide valuable information regarding high-risk residential areas to governments and facilitate targeted measure design in these areas in the initial planning stage.
C1 [Wei, Li; Hu, Kaiheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Wei, Li; Hu, Kaiheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Wei, Li; Hu, Kaiheng] Minist Water Conservancy & Power, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Jin] Three Gorges Jinsha River Chuanyun Hydropower Dev, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Block 4,Renminnanlu Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM khhu@imde.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 6
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1753-318X
PD DEC
PY 2022
VL 15
IS 4
AR e12830
DI 10.1111/jfr3.12830
EA JUN 2022
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000810589900001
ER

PT J
AU Wasowski, J
   Keefer, DK
   Lee, CT
AF Wasowski, Janusz
   Keefer, David K.
   Lee, Chyi-Tyi
TI Toward the next generation of research on earthquake-induced landslides:
   Current issues and future challenges
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Research priorities; Landslide; Earthquake; Landslide inventories;
   Catastrophic failures; Accelerometer monitoring
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; COMPREHENSIVE AREAL
   MODEL; ACTIVE MOUNTAIN BELT; INDUCED DEFORMATIONS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   TSAOLING LANDSLIDE; SLOPE STABILITY; PACOIMA-CANYON; HAZARD
AB Although, thanks to the new developments in investigation techniques, modeling, and data analyses, much progress has been made in our understanding of collateral seismic hazards, important new lessons are still being learned from historic and recent earthquakes. By referring to the accompanying papers included in this Special Issue and other recent literature, we present an overview of current issues and future challenges of research on earthquake, triggered landsliding. We also offer some recommendations for future research priorities, as a proposed starting point for the next generation of research on earthquake-induced slope failures. These include i) the compilation of many more complete seismic landslide inventories with adequate contextual information, as well as of retrospective inventories; ii) the improvement of regional-scale assessments of seismic landslide susceptibility and hazard; iii) the development of new methods for regional scale analysis of hazards from large catastrophic landslides; and iv) the long-term monitoring of representative test slopes instrumented with an array of accelerometer stations. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wasowski, Janusz] CNR, Ist Ric Protez Idrogeol, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
   [Keefer, David K.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
   [Lee, Chyi-Tyi] Natl Cent Univ Jhongli City, Inst Appl Geol, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan.
C3 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Ricerca per la
   Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI-CNR); University of Maine System;
   University of Maine Orono
RP Wasowski, J (corresponding author), CNR, Ist Ric Protez Idrogeol, Via G Amendola 122, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
EM j.wasowski@ba.irpi.cnr.it
TC 165
Z9 180
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
PD SEP 12
PY 2011
VL 122
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 1
EP 8
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.06.001
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000295427400001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, BT
   Yan, CH
   Lu, QS
   He, DL
AF Xu, Baotian
   Yan, Changhong
   Lu, Qiushen
   He, Donglin
TI Stability assessment of Jinlong village landslide, Sichuan
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Stability assessment; Earthquake; GSI; Deformation mechanism; Strength
   reduction
ID ROCK BRIDGES; MECHANISMS; REDUCTION; FAILURE; SLOPE
AB The Jinlong village landslide is located in Zitong County, Sichuan and approximately 150 km east of Wenchuan. The landslide has exhibited creep deformation for nearly 30 years. Field investigations indicated that the slope deformation was caused by the combined effects of unfavorable topographic and geological conditions and earthquakes. The sliding surface is along a contact between silty clay and mudstone. The Wenchuan earthquake accelerated the creep, causing bulging of the ground surface. Shear test results of the silty clay near the sliding surface indicated that the residual strength is consistent with the stability state of the landslide. The factors of safety were calculated using the limit equilibrium method (LEM) and the method of fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in two dimensions. The results using the LEM indicate that the stability is clearly affected by seismic shaking, and when the peak ground acceleration is 0.08g, the slope reaches the limit state. The shear failure surface given by numerical simulation develops on the contact between the clay and silty mudstone, which confirmed the assumed sliding surfaces' location using the LEM.
C1 [Xu, Baotian; Yan, Changhong] Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Qiushen; He, Donglin] ShanDong Zhengyuan Construct Co Ltd, Jinan 250101, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing University
RP Xu, BT (corresponding author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM xubt@nju.edu.cn; yanchh@nju.edu.cn; zhangqingxubt@sohu.com;
   zhangqingxubt@163.com
TC 11
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD APR
PY 2014
VL 71
IS 7
BP 3049
EP 3061
DI 10.1007/s12665-013-2682-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000333014500007
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, WG
   Liu, SL
   Wang, LQ
   Sun, WX
   He, YW
   Wang, YK
   Sun, GH
AF Zhang, Wengang
   Liu, Songlin
   Wang, Luqi
   Sun, Weixing
   He, Yuwei
   Wang, Yankun
   Sun, Guanhua
TI The overall stability of a partially unstable reservoir bank slope to
   water fluctuation and rainfall based on Bayesian theory
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Jiuxianping landslide stability analysis; Bayesian theory; Multivariate
   Adaptive Regression Splines; Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; DEBRIS FLOWS;
   HAZARDS; IMPACT; REGION
AB In geotechnical analysis, the factor of safety (FOS) is crucial for slope stability assessment. Traditional methods often overlook the nuances of partial slope instability. Accurately determining geotechnical parameters for FOS in complex simulations is challenging and resource-intensive. The limit equilibrium method (LEM), considering unit weight, cohesion, and internal friction angle, is used to address this. This study focuses on the Jiuxianping landslide, analyzing its stability and failure behavior. Utilizing the Bayesian theorem, the study back-analyzes shear strength parameters, considering partial instability and uncertainties in the Janbu corrected method. The parameters' posterior distribution is determined using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) for efficient sampling. These parameters are then used for precise FOS calculation at the critical point of partial instability, corroborated by 2021 data from the Jiuxianping landslide. The study finds that while the entire slope remains stable, partial instability caused by long-term water erosion significantly lowers the FOS about 10.9%, highlighting its critical impact on overall slope stability.
C1 [Zhang, Wengang; Liu, Songlin; Wang, Luqi; Sun, Weixing; He, Yuwei] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Wengang; Wang, Luqi] Chongqing Univ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Minist Educ, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Wengang; Wang, Luqi] Chongqing Univ, Natl Joint Engn Res Ctr Geohazards Prevent Reservo, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yankun] Yangtze Univ, Sch Geosci, Wuhan 430100, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Wengang] Sichuan Yanjiang Panning Expressway Co Ltd, Xichang 615000, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Wengang; Sun, Guanhua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University; Chongqing University; Chongqing University;
   Yangtze University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan Institute of Rock
   & Soil Mechanics, CAS
RP Wang, LQ (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
EM wlq93@cqu.edu.cn
TC 18
Z9 20
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD AUG
PY 2024
VL 21
IS 8
BP 2021
EP 2032
DI 10.1007/s10346-024-02250-8
EA APR 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001207681000003
ER

PT J
AU Chen, HX
   Zhang, LM
   Gao, L
   Zhu, H
   Zhang, S
AF Chen, H. X.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Gao, L.
   Zhu, H.
   Zhang, S.
TI Presenting regional shallow landslide movement on three-dimensional
   digital terrain
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; Risk analysis; Slope stability; Earthquake; Rainfall
   infiltration; Runout analysis
ID TRAVEL DISTANCE PREDICTION; RUNOUT CHARACTERISTICS; SHEAR-STRENGTH;
   DEBRIS FLOWS; MODEL; EARTHQUAKE; MOBILITY; ANGLE; RISK
AB A storm can trigger numerous shallow landslides on hilly terrains. This paper presents a distributed cell model for presenting regional shallow landslide movement on a three-dimensional digital terrain. The model consists of five components; namely, a digital terrain module, a spatial rainfall distribution module, an infiltration analysis module, a slope stability evaluation module, and a movement prediction module. The locations and volumes of landslides are analyzed first through rainfall infiltration and slope stability analyses. The detached material is assumed to move along the steepest path from one cell to a lower cell. Empirical equations that are developed based on local landslide inventories are adopted as a landslide movement cessation criterion. The effect of landslide size on travel distance is considered by grouping unstable cells that are bounded at least at one side or corner. The uncertainties in soil shear strength parameters and the landslide movement process are considered in determining the possible bounds of travel distance. The movement analysis method is applied to a 164.5 km(2) hilly terrain in the Wenchuan earthquake zone to test its performance in presenting regional shallow landslide movement. The method predicts the volume of landslides reasonably well. The observed and computed movement traces and deposition locations of the detached material also agree reasonably well. The volume of individual landslide and travel distance may be substantially underestimated if the size effect is not considered. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, H. X.; Zhang, L. M.; Gao, L.; Zhu, H.; Zhang, S.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cechenhx@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk; lgaoab@ust.hk; zhuhong@connect.ust.hk;
   zhang@ust.hk
TC 21
Z9 26
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD SEP 10
PY 2015
VL 195
BP 122
EP 134
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.05.027
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000360417900012
ER

PT J
AU Saro, L
   Woo, JS
   Kwan-Young, O
   Moung-Jin, L
AF Saro, Lee
   Woo, Jeon Seong
   Kwan-Young, Oh
   Moung-Jin, Lee
TI The spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility applying artificial
   neural network and logistic regression models: A case study of Inje,
   Korea
SO OPEN GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide; GIS; artificial neural network; logistic regression;
   susceptibility map; Korea
ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GIS; RAINFALL; TURKEY; BIVARIATE; RISK; KOYULHISAR
AB The aim of this study is to predict landslide susceptibility caused using the spatial analysis by the application of a statistical methodology based on the GIS. Logistic regression models along with artificial neutral network were applied and validated to analyze landslide susceptibility in Inje, Korea. Landslide occurrence area in the study were identified based on interpretations of optical remote sensing data (Aerial photographs) followed by field surveys. A spatial database considering forest, geophysical, soil and topographic data, was built on the study area using the Geographical Information System (GIS). These factors were analysed using artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression models to generate a landslide susceptibility map. The study validates the landslide susceptibility map by comparing them with landslide occurrence areas. The locations of landslide occurrence were divided randomly into a training set (50%) and a test set (50%). A training set analyse the landslide susceptibility map using the artificial network along with logistic regression models, and a test set was retained to validate the prediction map. The validation results revealed that the artificial neural network model (with an accuracy of 80.10%) was better at predicting landslides than the logistic regression model (with an accuracy of 77.05%). Of the weights used in the artificial neural network model, 'slope' yielded the highest weight value (1.330), and 'aspect' yielded the lowest value (1.000). This research applied two statistical analysis methods in a GIS and compared their results. Based on the findings, we were able to derive a more effective method for analyzing landslide susceptibility.
C1 [Saro, Lee] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources KIGAM, Div Geol Res, 124 Gwahang No, Daejeon 34132, South Korea.
   [Saro, Lee] Korea Univ Sci & Technol, 217 Gajeong Ro, Daejeon 02841, South Korea.
   [Woo, Jeon Seong] Korea Univ, Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn, 145 Anam Ro, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
   [Kwan-Young, Oh] Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Siripdae Gil 13, Seoul 02504, South Korea.
   [Kwan-Young, Oh] Korea Environm Inst, 11F,Bldg B,370 Sicheong Daero, Sejong 30147, South Korea.
   [Moung-Jin, Lee] Korea Environm Inst, 10F,Bldg B,370 Sicheong Daero, Sejong 30147, South Korea.
C3 Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM); Korea
   University; University of Seoul; Korea Environment Institute (KEI);
   Korea Environment Institute (KEI)
RP Moung-Jin, L (corresponding author), Korea Environm Inst, 10F,Bldg B,370 Sicheong Daero, Sejong 30147, South Korea.
EM leemj@kei.re.kr
TC 36
Z9 44
PU SCIENDO
PI WARSAW
PA DE GRUYTER POLAND SP Z O O, BOGUMILA ZUGA 32A STR, 01-811 WARSAW, POLAND
SN 2391-5447
PD JAN
PY 2016
VL 8
IS 1
BP 117
EP 132
DI 10.1515/geo-2016-0010
SC Geology
UT WOS:000371283300012
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XY
   Liu, B
   Luo, J
   Pan, K
   Han, SY
   Zhou, ZL
AF Fan, Xinyue
   Liu, Bin
   Luo, Jie
   Pan, Ke
   Han, Suyue
   Zhou, Zhongli
TI Comparison of earthquake-induced shallow landslide susceptibility
   assessment based on two-category LR and KDE-MLR
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FREQUENCY RATIO; GIS; INDEX; AREA; ENTROPY; PART
AB Geological hazards caused by strong earthquakes have caused continuous social and economic losses and destruction of the ecological environment in the hazard area, and are mostly manifested in the areas with frequent occurrence of geological hazards or the clustering of geological hazards. Considering the long-term nature of earthquakes and geological disasters in this region, this paper takes ten earthquake-stricken areas in Wenchuan earthquake zone as examples to collect shallow landslide data in 2010, combined with the spatial location of landslides and other factors. Kernel density estimation (KDE) method is used to analyze the spatial characteristics of shallow landslide. Taking the space of shallow landslide as the characteristic variable and fully considering the regulating factors of earthquake-induced landslide: terrain complexity, distance to river, distance to fault, distance to road, lithology, normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI) and ground peak acceleration (PGA) as independent variables, based on KDE and polynomial logistic regression (MLR), A quantitative model of shallow landslide in the earthquake area is constructed. The results show that: (1) PGA has the greatest impact on landslide in the study area. (2) Compared with the two-category logistic regression (two-category LR) model, the susceptibility map of landslide prediction results based on the KDE-MLR landslide susceptibility prediction model is more consistent with the actual situation. (3) The prediction accuracy of the model validation set is 70.7%, indicating that the landslide susceptibility prediction model based on KDE-MLR can effectively highlight the spatial characteristics of shallow landslides in 10 extreme disaster areas. The research results can provide decision-making basis for shallow landslide warning and post-disaster reconstruction in earthquake-stricken areas.
C1 [Fan, Xinyue; Liu, Bin; Luo, Jie; Han, Suyue; Zhou, Zhongli] Geomath Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Bin; Luo, Jie; Pan, Ke; Zhou, Zhongli] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Math & Phys, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, Xinyue; Han, Suyue; Zhou, Zhongli] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Liu, B (corresponding author), Geomath Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Liu, B (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Math & Phys, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM liubincim@163.com
TC 23
Z9 24
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD JAN 16
PY 2023
VL 13
IS 1
AR 833
DI 10.1038/s41598-023-28096-z
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:001145404400028
ER

PT J
AU Chen, LF
   Li, ZQ
   Song, C
   Xing, J
   Cai, XM
   Fang, ZH
   Luo, R
   Li, ZH
AF Chen, Lifu
   Li, Zengqi
   Song, Chuang
   Xing, Jin
   Cai, Xingmin
   Fang, Zhenhuan
   Luo, Ru
   Li, Zhenhong
TI Automatic detection of earthquake triggered landslides using Sentinel-1
   SAR imagery based on deep learning
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIGITAL EARTH
DT Article
DE Earthquake triggered landslides; deep learning; landslide detection;
   sentinel-1; SAR imagery
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; AMPLITUDE; MILIN
AB Earthquake Triggered Landslides (ETLs) are serious secondary hazards of earthquakes, causing severe casualties and property losses, and their rapid, automated and accurate detection is of great value. Due to the all-day and all-weather imaging capability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), ETL detection using SAR images is promising but faces the problem of insufficient accuracy. In this study, we proposed a deep learning-based ETL detection method to address this problem. Firstly, published ETL inventories and SAR images are combined to generate high-quality training datasets. Then, a landslide detection network of Multi-level Features Effective Weighting and Fusion (MFEWF) is proposed to effectively extract and fuze multi-level landslide features to identify SAR pixels within ETLs. Finally, the ETL boundary is determined based on these identified SAR pixels. This method is verified through three earthquake cases: the 2017 Mainling, China earthquake, the 2018 Palu, Indonesia earthquake and the 2018 Papua New Guinea earthquake. Results show that our method can effectively identify landslide boundaries with high accuracy (88.8%, 81.4% and 82.4% for the three cases), obviously outperforming other deep learning frameworks (e.g. DeepLabV3+). Using Sentinel-1 imagery to achieve such high accuracy in landslide detection, this study will improve emergency response to landslide disasters following earthquakes.
C1 [Chen, Lifu; Li, Zengqi; Cai, Xingmin; Fang, Zhenhuan; Luo, Ru] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Elect & Informat Engn, Changsha, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Chuang; Cai, Xingmin; Li, Zhenhong] Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Chuang; Li, Zhenhong] Shanxi Key Lab Ecol Restorat Loess Plateau, Taiyuan 030006, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Chuang; Li, Zhenhong] Minist Educ, Key Lab Western Chinas Mineral Resources & Geol En, Xian, Peoples R China.
   [Xing, Jin] TD Insurance, Enterprise Data Analyt, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   [Luo, Ru] Natl Univ Def Technol, Hefei, Peoples R China.
C3 Changsha University of Science & Technology; Chang'an University;
   National University of Defense Technology - China
RP Song, C (corresponding author), Middle Sect Naner Huan Rd, Xian 710064, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
EM chuang.song@chd.edu.cn
TC 10
Z9 12
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1753-8947
EI 1753-8955
PD DEC 31
PY 2024
VL 17
IS 1
AR 2393261
DI 10.1080/17538947.2024.2393261
SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
UT WOS:001294382900001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YS
   Zhao, XT
   Lan, HX
   Xiong, TY
AF Zhang, Yongshuang
   Zhao, Xitao
   Lan, Hengxing
   Xiong, Tanyu
TI A Pleistocene landslide-dammed lake, Jinsha River, Yunnan, China
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE; HAZARDS
AB On both sides of the Jinsha River valley near Benzilan, Deqen, northwest of Yunnan, China, a series of varied lacustrine deposits have been discovered under the fourth terrace (Q(3)(2)). Landslide debris has been identified underlying the lacustrine deposits, indicating that the lacustrine deposits were caused by a landslide damming the Jinsha River. U-series dating shows that the age of the upper and middle portions of the lacustrine deposits on the right bank were 55.4 +/- 3.5 and 82.1 +/- 6.6 ka respectively. Lacustrine deposits on the left bank have been dated to 122.0 +/- 12.4 ka at the bottom, which indicates that the large-scale landslide was formed before 122.0 +/- 12.4 ka and the paleo-lake was developed within the early stage to the mid-stage of the Late Pleistocene. The characteristic of spore-pollen and high content of CaCO3 in the lacustrine clays reveal that the paleoclimate was semi-arid with less heavy rainfall. Considering the regional neotectonic background, the authors prefer to interpret that the Benzilan ancient landslide-dammed lake was caused by an ancient earthquake. The discovery of the ancient landslide-dammed lake provides significance to the understanding of the formation and evolvement of calamitous geological hazards along large rivers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Yongshuang; Xiong, Tanyu] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Xitao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Lan, Hengxing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, LREIS, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS
RP Zhang, YS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM zhys100@sohu.com
TC 43
Z9 58
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
EI 1873-4553
PD MAR 1
PY 2011
VL 233
IS 1
BP 72
EP 80
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.10.020
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000288353500008
ER

PT J
AU Li, XP
   Tang, X
   Zhao, SX
   Yan, QW
   Wu, Y
AF Li, Xinpo
   Tang, Xiong
   Zhao, Shuxi
   Yan, Qiwei
   Wu, Yong
TI MPM evaluation of the dynamic runout process of the giant Daguangbao
   landslide
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Runout analysis; Material point method; Friction degradation
ID MATERIAL-POINT METHOD; IN-CELL METHOD; EARTHQUAKE; FLOW; SIMULATION;
   VELOCITY; FORCE; DEFORMATION; LUBRICATION; IMPACT
AB Giant landslides can cause significant damage to their dynamic runout processes. Understanding the mechanics of the runout process is essential for landslide risk assessment and mitigation design. This paper investigates the runout process of the 1.16 x 10(9) m(3) giant Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The Daguangbao landslide is a typical bedding-plane slide and the properties of basal sliding surface play a key role in the runout behaviors of the landslide. The material point method (MPM) is adopted as a numerical tool of the simulations. A thermal-based velocity-weakening friction law is used to simulate the contact between the sliding body and the basal sliding surface. A strain-softening constitutive model is used to evaluate the damages inside the landslide body and their effects on the runout behaviors of the landslide. Numerical results reveal that landslide mass slides along the bedding-plane as a whole body initially and then disintegrates during the runout process. The calculated duration of sliding is 64 s and the maximum velocity reaches 60 m/s. The friction coefficient of the slip surface decreases sharply as the landslide body starts to move, and a steady-state friction coefficient mu approximate to 0.06 is reached when the velocity exceeds approximately 20 m/s. Friction degradation of the slip surface shows a sensible influence on the final runout distance and the depth of the deposit zone. The dynamic fragmentation of the landslide body, the final runout distance, and deposition topography are also significantly affected by material softening.
C1 [Li, Xinpo; Tang, Xiong; Zhao, Shuxi; Yan, Qiwei; Wu, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Xinpo; Tang, Xiong; Zhao, Shuxi; Yan, Qiwei; Wu, Yong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Li, XP; Wu, Y (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM lixinpo@imde.ac.cn; wyhongyu@163.com
TC 40
Z9 46
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 4
BP 1509
EP 1518
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01569-2
EA OCT 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000584978900002
ER

PT J
AU Jones, KE
   Howarth, JD
   Massey, CI
   Lukovic, B
   Sirguey, P
   Singeisen, C
   Gasston, C
   Morgenstern, R
   Ries, W
AF Jones, Katie E.
   Howarth, Jamie D.
   Massey, Chris I.
   Lukovic, Biljana
   Sirguey, Pascal
   Singeisen, Corinne
   Gasston, Caleb
   Morgenstern, Regine
   Ries, William
TI An alternative to landslide volume-area scaling relationships: an
   ensemble approach adopting a difference model to estimate the total
   volume of landsliding triggered by the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake, New
   Zealand
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Difference model; Landslide volume; Volume-area scaling; Co-seismic
   landslide; 2016 Kaikoura earthquake; Photogrammetry
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; W 7.8 KAIKOURA; SEDIMENT FLUX; SLOPE FAILURE;
   INVENTORIES; EVOLUTION; HAZARD; REGION; DAMAGE
AB Evaluating the influence of earthquakes on erosion, landscape evolution, and sediment-related hazards requires quantifying the number, location, and volume of co-seismic landslides following large earthquakes. Direct measurements of individual landslide volumes are difficult to accomplish and, as a result, rarely attempted. As an alternative, power-law scaling relationships between landslide volume and area-derived from global landslide inventories-are often used to estimate landslide volumes. The accuracy of the volume estimates derived from using these global scaling relationships remain untested and could be a source of significant uncertainty. Here, an ensemble method, adopting a pre- to post-event 2 by 2 m difference model covering an area of 6875 km(2), has been developed to accurately estimate the volume of the > 30,000 mapped landslides triggered by the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake New Zealand. Our ensemble method estimates the total landslide volume for the Kaikoura earthquake to be 241 (+ 100/ - 69) M m(3). This newly quantified total volume estimate of co-seismic landsliding was then compared to the total volumes estimated using globally and locally derived scaling relationships, which were found to underestimate the total landslide volume by up to 52%. As an alternative, we recommend that landslide volumes be estimated by sampling directly from high-quality empirical datasets of individual landslide volumes with similar triggering and physiographic settings.
C1 [Jones, Katie E.; Massey, Chris I.; Lukovic, Biljana; Morgenstern, Regine] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
   [Jones, Katie E.; Howarth, Jamie D.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand.
   [Sirguey, Pascal] Univ Otago, Sch Surveying, Dunedin, New Zealand.
   [Singeisen, Corinne] Univ Canterbury, Sch Earth & Environm, Christchurch, New Zealand.
   [Gasston, Caleb] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland, New Zealand.
   [Ries, William] BOKU Univ, Inst Hydraul Engn & River Res IWA, Vienna, Austria.
C3 GNS Science - New Zealand; Victoria University Wellington; University of
   Otago; University of Canterbury; University of Auckland; BOKU University
RP Jones, KE (corresponding author), GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
EM katie.jones@gns.cri.nz
TC 1
Z9 2
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUL
PY 2025
VL 22
IS 7
BP 2219
EP 2236
DI 10.1007/s10346-025-02479-x
EA MAR 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001437579400001
ER

PT J
AU Qiu, HZ
   Kong, JM
   Wang, RC
   Cui, Y
   Huang, SW
AF Qiu, Hong-zhi
   Kong, Ji-ming
   Wang, Ren-chao
   Cui, Yun
   Huang, Sen-wang
TI Response mechanism of post-earthquake slopes under heavy rainfall
SO JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGY
DT Article
DE Damaged slope; Rainfall-induced landslide; Post-earthquake slope; Flume
   test; Rainfall infiltration
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; IMPACTS; AREA
AB This paper uses the catastrophic landslide that occurred in Zhongxing Town, Dujiangyan City, as an example to study the formation mechanism of landslides induced by heavy rainfall in the post-Wenchuan earthquake area. The deformation characteristics of a slope under seismic loading were investigated via a shaking table test. The results show that a large number of cracks formed in the slope due to the tensile and shear forces of the vibrations, and most of the cracks had angles of approximately 45A degrees with respect to the horizontal. A series of flume tests were performed to show how the duration and intensity of rainfall influence the responses of the shaken and non-shaken slopes. Wetting fronts were recorded under different rainfall intensities, and the depth of rainfall infiltration was greater in the shaken slope than in the non-shaken slope because the former experienced a greater extreme rainfall intensity under the same early rainfall and rainfall duration conditions. At the beginning of the rainfall infiltration experiment, the pore water pressure in the slope was negative, and settling occurred at the top of the slope. With increasing rainfall, the pore water pressure changed from negative to positive, and cracks were observed on the back surface of the slope and the shear outlet of the landslide on the front of the slope. The shaken slope was more susceptible to crack formation than the non-shaken slope under the same rainfall conditions. A comparison of the responses of the shaken and non-shaken slopes under heavy rainfall revealed that cracks formed by earthquakes provided channels for infiltration. Soil particles in the cracks of slopes were washed away, and the pore water pressure increased rapidly, especially the transient pore water pressure in the slope caused by short-term concentrated rainfall which decreased rock strength and slope stability.
C1 [Qiu, Hong-zhi] Chengdu Univ, Sch Architecture & Civil Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Kong, Ji-ming; Wang, Ren-chao; Cui, Yun; Huang, Sen-wang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ren-chao; Huang, Sen-wang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Qiu, HZ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ, Sch Architecture & Civil Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Kong, JM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM hnqhz@126.com; jimingk@imde.ac.cn
TC 11
Z9 14
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1383-4649
EI 1573-157X
PD JUL
PY 2017
VL 21
IS 4
BP 869
EP 884
DI 10.1007/s10950-017-9641-9
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000404902900018
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, AX
   Miao, YM
   Yang, L
   Bai, SB
   Liu, JZ
   Hong, HY
AF Zhu, A-Xing
   Miao, Yamin
   Yang, Lin
   Bai, Shibiao
   Liu, Junzhi
   Hong, Haoyuan
TI Comparison of the presence-only method and presence-absence method in
   landslide susceptibility mapping
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility mapping; Landslide absence data; Data-driven
   models
ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; 3 GORGES AREA;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SPATIAL PREDICTION; FREQUENCY RATIO; DECISION TREE;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SAMPLING STRATEGIES; LEARNING-METHODS
AB Presence-absence methods are widely-used data-driven models for landslide susceptibility mapping. Landslide absence data included in the training data of presence-absence methods is usually not available and has to be generated. In consideration of low availability and uncertain quality of landslide absence data, many presence-only methods which simply use landslide presence as training data were proposed to map landslide susceptibility. However, whether the presence-only methods can circumvent the influence of the shortcomings inherent to landslide absence data and perform better than presence-absence methods are worth studying. Moreover, the effect of landslide absence data in data-driven models for landslide susceptibility mapping can be discussed. In this study, two presence-only methods including one-class support vector machine (one-class SVM), kernel density estimation (KDE), and two presence-absence methods including artificial neural networks (ANN) and two-class support vector machine (two-class SVM) are developed and compared to evaluate their respective performance in mapping landslide susceptibility. The AUC values are 0.705, 0.720, 0.929, and 0.951 for one-class SVM, KDE, ANN, and two-class SVM, respectively. From the comparison of the four methods, two-class SVM has the best performance in landslide susceptibility mapping among the four methods, while one-class SVM has the worst. Two presence-absence methods can constrain the over-prediction of susceptibility value better and have better performance than the two presence-only methods since they classify less percentage of areas to be susceptible with more landslide occurrences located inside. The landslide absence data is proven to constrain the over-prediction of models, which makes it necessary in landslide susceptibility mapping.
C1 [Zhu, A-Xing; Miao, Yamin; Bai, Shibiao; Liu, Junzhi; Hong, Haoyuan] Nanjing Normal Univ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing; Miao, Yamin; Bai, Shibiao; Liu, Junzhi; Hong, Haoyuan] State Key Lab Cultivat Base Geog Environm Evolut, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing; Miao, Yamin; Bai, Shibiao; Liu, Junzhi; Hong, Haoyuan] Jiangsu Ctr Collaborat Innovat Geog Informat Reso, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Yang, Lin] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Ocean Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing Normal University; University of
   Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Nanjing University
RP Liu, JZ; Hong, HY (corresponding author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM liujunzhi@njnu.edu.cn; hong_haoyuan@outlook.com
TC 84
Z9 98
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD DEC
PY 2018
VL 171
BP 222
EP 233
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.012
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000447107900023
ER

PT J
AU Xue, WT
   Xu, ZS
   Wang, H
   Ren, ZL
AF Xue, Wenting
   Xu, Zeshui
   Wang, Hai
   Ren, Zhiliang
TI Hazard assessment of landslide dams using the evidential reasoning
   algorithm with multi-scale hesitant fuzzy linguistic information
SO APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING
DT Article
DE Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets; Dempster-Shafer theory; Evidential
   reasoning algorithm; Hazard assessment of landslide dams
ID ATTRIBUTE DECISION-ANALYSIS; DEMPSTER-SHAFER THEORY; TERM SETS;
   AGGREGATION; FUSION
AB In the hazard assessment of landslide dams, the decision makers (DMs) are inclined to express some qualitative indicators such as the possible economic loss and the environment influence by linguistic terms. Due to the complexity of emergency environment, it is unrealistic to obtain entire and accurate data of landslide dams in a limited time. Hence, we propose a hazard assessment method based on multi-scale adjacent linguistic terms, namely hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs). Besides, to model uncertainties associated with complex situations and subjective evaluations, evidential reasoning (ER), a powerful tool to consistently copy with the uncertainty caused by ignorance and fuzziness, is first applied to aggregate multi-scale HFLTSs. After presenting the alpha-cut of a HFLTS which reflects the DMs' prudent degree, we develop a generalized hesitant fuzzy linguistic ER (HFLER) method which distributes basic probability mass to each linguistic term in the HFLTS. Then, the special procedures for hazard assessment of landslide dams are provided with the modified indicator system. Finally, a case study about the hazard assessment of 7 landslide dams in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake verifies the effectiveness and rationality of the HFL-ER method. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xue, Wenting; Xu, Zeshui; Ren, Zhiliang] Southeast Univ, Sch Econ & Management, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Zeshui] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Comp & Software, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Hai] Nanjing Audit Univ, Sch Govt Audit, Nanjing 211815, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Southeast University - China; Nanjing University of Information Science
   & Technology; Nanjing Audit University
RP Xu, ZS (corresponding author), Southeast Univ, Sch Econ & Management, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM xue_wenting@163.com; xuzeshui@263.net; wanghai17@sina.com;
   ren_zhi_liang@126.com
TC 30
Z9 35
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-4946
EI 1872-9681
PD JUN
PY 2019
VL 79
BP 74
EP 86
DI 10.1016/j.asoc.2019.03.032
SC Computer Science
UT WOS:000467687500006
ER

PT J
AU Xie, CC
   Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Huang, YD
   Zhang, ZQ
   Li, H
   Zhang, HR
   Zhu, DJ
AF Xie, Chenchen
   Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Huang, Yuandong
   Zhang, Zhiqiang
   Li, Hao
   Zhang, Hourong
   Zhu, Dengjie
TI Comprehensive analysis and assessment of extreme rainfall-induced
   clustered landslides: a case study of southern Qingyuan city, Guangdong
   province, China, in June 2020
SO GEORISK-ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK FOR ENGINEERED SYSTEMS AND
   GEOHAZARDS
DT Article; Early Access
DE Automated machine learning; rainfall-induced landslides; distribution
   patterns; landslide database; real-probability
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; AREA; GIS; DATABASE; EVENT; THRESHOLDS; INITIATION
AB Clustered landslide events often cause significant losses, making comprehensive analysis and evaluation of such events crucial. This process includes three steps: establishing a landslide database, analyzing distribution patterns, and constructing a landslide real-probability hazard assessment map. In this study, comprehensive analysis and evaluation were conducted based on clustered landslides induced by extreme rainfall in June 2020 in southern Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province, China. A total of 6,660 landslides with a total area of 12.79 km2 were identified in the 6,989.73 km2 study area. Landslides were densely distributed in the central, southwestern, and northeastern parts of the study area. Twelve influencing factors were integrated, including geomorphology, geological hydrology, accumulated rainfall, etc. Distribution patterns and triggering mechanisms were analyzed in detail. A real-probability hazard map was developed using the Fast and Lightweight AutoML (FLAML) framework and Random Forest (RF) model. The predicted landslide occurrence probabilities showed strong alignment between moderate-to-high risk areas and actual landslide distributions. The hazard map was classified into five levels, with "Extremely high" and "High" zones containing the majority of landslides. Through 100 different sampling analyses of factor weights, it was found that Accumulated rainfall, Elevation, Strata, Topographic relief, and Slope were the main influencing factors in this landslide event.
C1 [Xie, Chenchen; Xu, Xiwei] China Univ Geosci Beijing, Sch Earth Sci & Resources, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Xie, Chenchen; Xu, Chong; Huang, Yuandong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Xie, Chenchen; Xu, Chong; Huang, Yuandong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Yuandong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Emergency Management Sci & Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Zhiqiang; Li, Hao; Zhang, Hourong; Zhu, Dengjie] China Southern Power Grid Co Ltd, Elect Power Res Inst, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University
   of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; China Southern Power Grid
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM chongxu@ninhm.ac.cn
TC 2
Z9 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1749-9518
EI 1749-9526
PD 2025 SEP 26
PY 2025
DI 10.1080/17499518.2025.2563759
EA SEP 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001584354000001
ER

PT J
AU Liao, HM
   Yang, XG
   Lu, GD
   Tao, J
   Zhou, JW
AF Liao, Hai-mei
   Yang, Xing-guo
   Lu, Gong-da
   Tao, Jian
   Zhou, Jia-wen
TI Experimental study on the formation of landslide dams by fragmentary
   materials from successive rock slides
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Rock slides; Physical modeling; Fragmentation; Landslide dam; River
   blockage
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE; PREDICTION; BEHAVIOR; RIVER
AB Landslide dams formed by successive rock slides in the same location may cause severe and long-term destruction to affected areas. However, studies on the formation of landslide dams that result from successive rock slides are still at early stages. In this paper, a flume test that could model rock fragmentation and the flow of fragmentary material is used to study the formation of landslide dams triggered by successive long-runout rock slides. The tests assess the effects of number of blocks, the number of times the blocks are released, and the initial arrangement of blocks before release on the dam geometry. The maximum and minimum landslide dam heights rise with the increasing number of blocks in each series of tests, while there is minimal or even no growth in the dam length for some series. Additionally, more block releases produce larger minimum dam height but smaller maximum dam height. Together, these results indicate that more releases are prone to fully block the flow channel by forming a steep dam. Furthermore, the initial block arrangement is also found to influence the landslide dam formation. In this study, landslide dams caused by successive rock slides are divided into two types: the stable type, namely, the landslide dam(s) already formed by the previous slide event(s) maintains general stability before the next slide lands on the dam surface; the unstable type, namely, the landslide dam(s) by the previous slide episode(s) has failed before the next damming slide occurs. Field investigations showed that slide episodes in both types of successive landslide dams are influential for the dam formation and river morphology.
C1 [Liao, Hai-mei; Lu, Gong-da; Zhou, Jia-wen] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Xing-guo; Tao, Jian] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Sichuan University
RP Zhou, JW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM jwzhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 16
Z9 20
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD APR
PY 2020
VL 79
IS 3
BP 1591
EP 1604
DI 10.1007/s10064-019-01651-7
EA NOV 2019
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000496453900001
ER

PT J
AU Xiang, MS
   Deng, QC
   Duan, LS
   Yang, J
   Wang, CJ
   Liu, JS
   Liu, ML
AF Xiang, Mingshun
   Deng, Qiuchi
   Duan, Linsen
   Yang, Jin
   Wang, Chunjian
   Liu, Jiashuo
   Liu, Mengli
TI Dynamic monitoring and analysis of the earthquake Worst-hit area based
   on remote sensing
SO ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
DT Article
DE Vegetation coverage; Vegetation index; Earthquake; Remote sensing;
   Eco-environment
ID FRACTIONAL VEGETATION COVER; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MODIS DATA; INDEX;
   LANDSLIDES; RIVER
AB The earthquake and its secondary geological disasters have some long-term effects on vegetation recovery, and the spatiotemporal differentiation of vegetation coverage in earthquake stricken areas are often not valued by researchers. Beichuan County in Sichuan Province is the worst-hit area during Wenchuan earthquake, tracking the vegetation coverage in this disaster area can provide feedback for post-earthquake ecological restoration. Based on remote sensing (RS) and Geographic information system (GIS), this paper relies on dimidiate pixel model (DPM) and vegetation coverage transfer matrix to explore the vegetation coverage of the earthquake worst-hit area. The results show that the overall level of vegetation coverage in Beichuan county is high, and earthquakes are dominant in the areas with high vegetation coverage. Besides, earthquake can do most severe damages to the areas with high vegetation coverage, followed by medium damage impacting to the areas with medium vegetation coverage, but the damage of other areas are relatively small. From 2007 to 2020, the average vegetation coverage in Beichuan County decreased from 0.835 in 2007 to 0.755 in 2008, then gradually recovered to 0.826 in 2020, experiencing a sharp decline and then a steady increase. The recovery of vegetation coverage is improved over time, but the spatiotemporal differences of the recovery process are obvious. Elevation has the largest driving force on vegetation coverage (q = 0.569, p less than 0.001), followed by temperature and rainfall; the interaction between factors has a significant increasement in the spatial differentiation of vegetation coverage, indicating that vegetation coverage is a combination result of multiple factors. The research findings can help construct the scientific management of the eco-environment in the disaster area, it can also help builda medium to long-term ecological restoration plan according to the variation in vegetation coverage.(c) 2022 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
C1 [Xiang, Mingshun; Duan, Linsen; Yang, Jin; Wang, Chunjian; Liu, Jiashuo; Liu, Mengli] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Tourism & Urban Rural Planning, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Xiang, Mingshun; Yang, Jin; Wang, Chunjian] Chengdu Univ Technol, Res Ctr Human Geog Tibetan Plateau & Its Eastern, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Deng, Qiuchi] South China Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Guangzhou 510631, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   South China Normal University
RP Duan, LS (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Tourism & Urban Rural Planning, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM dlinsen868@163.com
TC 16
Z9 19
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1110-0168
EI 2090-2670
PD NOV
PY 2022
VL 61
IS 11
BP 8691
EP 8702
DI 10.1016/j.aej.2022.02.001
EA FEB 2022
SC Engineering
UT WOS:000806224800001
ER

PT J
AU Wu, LZ
   Shi, JS
   Xu, Q
AF Wu, L. Z.
   Shi, J. S.
   Xu, Q.
TI The rainfall-induced Wulipo rockslide, China: a modified model for
   rockslide initiation
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Rock slope; Bedding sliding; Storm-induced rockslide; Initiation
   mechanism; Wulipo rockslide
ID ROCK SLOPE; STABILITY
AB During the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, rock masses in the earthquake region were shaken, and subsequently, a number of post-earthquake landslides and debris flows occurred, triggered by heavy rainstorms. This paper presents a study of the rainfall-induced mechanism that triggered the landslides. This study is based on preand post-landslide geomorphology and geological features identified from pre-landslide high-resolution satellite imagery and post-landslide aerial photographs of the Wulipo landslide. The remote sensing observations were verified by field investigations. The results indicate that the heavy storm that occurred in July 2013 was the main trigger for the landslide although existing tensions and weak rock interfaces were the main internal causes for reactivation of the landslide. The bedding in the rocks dips in the same direction as the topographic slope. A tensile trough developed at the scarp. Based on data from the Wulipo rockslide, a model is proposed for calculating the safety factor for rockslides that takes into account the hydrostatic pressure along the structural plane of the rockslide. The results show that the proposed method can effectively estimate the stability of a storm-induced rockslide in regions underlain by bedded rocks. Based on this estimate, it is concluded that the Wulipo rockslide is a reactivated old rockslide.
C1 [Wu, L. Z.; Xu, Q.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, J. S.] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, J. S.] MLR, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; China Geological Survey; Chinese
   Academy of Geological Sciences; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese
   Academy of Geological Sciences
RP Shi, JS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.; Shi, JS (corresponding author), MLR, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM shijusong@126.com
TC 9
Z9 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD JUL
PY 2017
VL 76
IS 14
AR 497
DI 10.1007/s12665-017-6826-z
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000406241000030
ER

PT J
AU Pei, XJ
   Guo, B
   Cui, SH
   Wang, DP
   Xu, Q
   Li, TT
AF Pei, Xiang-jun
   Guo, Bin
   Cui, Sheng-hua
   Wang, Dong-po
   Xu, Qiang
   Li, Tian-tao
TI On the initiation, movement and deposition of a large landslide in
   Maoxian County, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Xinmo landslide; Seismic damages; Long runout; Failure mechanism; Rock
   fragment
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; XINMO LANDSLIDE; MECHANISMS
AB At 5 am 24th June 2017, a catastrophic landslide hit Xinmo Village, Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, China. The slide mass rushed down from an altitude of 3400m and traveled 2700 m in a high velocity. The 13 million m(3) deposition buried the whole village and caused about 100 deaths. The source area of the landslide is located in a high steep slope, average slope angle is 40A and maximal angle is 65A. The strata are interbedded Triassic Zagunao Formation metamorphic sandstone and slate with the dip slope angle of 45A degrees. Based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing image, UAV image, DEM data, and field investigation, failure mechanism, travel features, and deposit characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that this landslide was influenced by Songpinggou Fault zone. According to the topography before the failure, the landslide is located in the back scarp of an antecedent landslide induced by Diexi Earthquake in 1933. The bedding slope provided potential rupture surface. Historical seismic activities and long-term gravitational deformation caused rock mass accumulated damages. Weathering and precipitation weakened the rock mass and finally induced shearing and tension failure. A huge block detached from the top rock slope, pushed the past landslide deposits in the middle part, rushed out of the slope bottom in a high velocity and buried the Xinmo Village. The rapid movement entrained and brought the soil into the Songping Gully which recoiled with and bounced back from the opposite mountain.
C1 [Pei, Xiang-jun; Guo, Bin; Cui, Sheng-hua; Wang, Dong-po; Xu, Qiang; Li, Tian-tao] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Guo, B (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM Peixj0119@tom.com; b_guo1989@sina.com; shenghuacui.geo@gmail.com;
   wangdongp02014@cdut.edu.cn; xq@cdut.edu.cn; tiantao.lee@gmail.com
TC 21
Z9 22
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUN
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 6
BP 1319
EP 1330
DI 10.1007/s11629-017-4627-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000435362700012
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, JQ
   Yang, ZJ
   Meng, QK
   Wang, J
   Hu, KH
   Ge, YG
   Su, FH
   Zhao, B
   Zhang, B
   Jiang, N
   Huang, Y
   Ming, ZY
   Zhang, YF
   Liu, ZX
   Wu, CH
   Zhou, WT
   Liang, XY
   Sun, YQ
   Yang, LB
   Yao, HK
   Feng, PH
   Liu, JL
AF Zhang Jian-qiang
   Yang Zong-ji
   Meng Qing-kai
   Wang Jiao
   Hu Kai-heng
   Ge Yong-gang
   Su Feng-huan
   Zhao Bo
   Zhang Bo
   Jiang Ning
   Huang Yu
   Ming Zai-yang
   Zhang Yi-fan
   Liu Zhen-xing
   Wu Chun-hao
   Zhou Wen-tao
   Liang Xin-yue
   Sun Yu-qing
   Yang Lian-bing
   Yao Hong-kun
   Feng Pei-hua
   Liu Jia-li
TI Distribution patterns of landslides triggered by the 2022 MS 6.8 Luding
   earthquake, Sichuan, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE 2022 Luding earthquake; Earthquaketriggered landslide; Landslide
   inventory; Distribution patterns
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; PREDICTION; DISTANCE; MODEL
AB At 12:52 pm on September 5, 2022, an MS 6.8 earthquake occurred in Luding County, Sichuan Province, China. Based on high-resolution aerial photographs and satellite imageries obtained after the earthquake, as well as field investigation, a total of 8685 earthquake- triggered landslides (EQTLs) were interpreted. The landslides covered an area of 30.7 km2, with a source area of 9.4 km2. These EQTLs were mainly distributed in areas with a seismic intensity of VIII and IX. Most of the landslides were small and medium in size, and their types included landslide, rockfall, and rock slump. Characteristic landslide distributions were found, EQTLs were distributed along the Xianshuihe fault, landslide area decreased gradually with an increased distance to the fault; EQTLs were distributed along the Daduhe River and roads; besides, landslide distribution was associated with ground deformation caused by the earthquake. EQTLs' characteristics indicated that, a large number of EQTLs were located near the foot of the slope; the full area of EQTLs and their source area followed a power function. This study concluded that Luding EQTLs were greater in number and area but relatively smaller in terms of affected area. Investigations on geo-hazards post-earthquake and risk assessment were proposed in the earthquake-stricken area to support the rehabilitation and reconstruction.
C1 [Zhang Jian-qiang; Yang Zong-ji; Meng Qing-kai; Wang Jiao; Hu Kai-heng; Ge Yong-gang; Su Feng-huan; Zhao Bo; Zhang Bo; Jiang Ning; Huang Yu; Ming Zai-yang; Zhang Yi-fan; Wu Chun-hao; Zhou Wen-tao; Liang Xin-yue; Sun Yu-qing; Yang Lian-bing; Yao Hong-kun; Feng Pei-hua; Liu Jia-li] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang Ning; Zhang Yi-fan; Liu Zhen-xing; Wu Chun-hao; Zhou Wen-tao; Liang Xin-yue; Sun Yu-qing; Yang Lian-bing; Yao Hong-kun; Liu Jia-li] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Huang Yu; Ming Zai-yang] East China Univ Technol, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.
   [Liu Zhen-xing] Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Feng Pei-hua] Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; East China University of Technology; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; Chongqing Jiaotong University
RP Ge, YG (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM zhangjq@imde.ac.cn; yzj@imde.ac.cn; mengqingkai@imde.ac.cn;
   wangjiao@imde.ac.cn; khhu@imde.ac.cn; gyg@imde.ac.cn; fhsu@imde.ac.cn;
   zhaobo1989@imde.ac.cn; rsbozh@qq.com; jiangning@imde.ac.cn;
   h.y.mail@qq.com; mingzaiyang@163.com; zhyf@imde.ac.cn;
   liuzhenxing2115@igsnrr.ac.cn; wuchunhao@imde.ac.cn; zhwt@imde.ac.cn;
   liangxinyue17@mails.ucas.edu.cn; sunyuqing@imde.ac.cn; ylb@imde.ac.cn;
   yhk@imde.ac.cn; 622210960010@mails.cqjtu.edu.cn; liujiali@imde.ac.cn
TC 24
Z9 24
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAR
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 3
BP 607
EP 623
DI 10.1007/s11629-022-7772-0
EA MAR 2023
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000959174300001
ER

PT J
AU Çellek, S
AF Cellek, Seda
TI Effect of the slope angle and its classification on landslides
SO HIMALAYAN GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; susceptibility; parameter; slope angle; classification
ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION;
   FREQUENCY RATIO; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HIERARCHY PROCESS;
   NEURAL-NETWORKS; AREA; GIS; PREDICTION
AB The preparation of landslide susceptibility maps is a complex process with regards to selection of study field, parameters, and methods. The phase after the determination of the landslide distribution in landslide susceptibility studies is selection of methods and parameters to be used. A review of approximately 1500 randomly selected publications revealed that it was necessary to select a parameter based on the area, in each study, the most preferred parameter was the slope angle. Generally, it was observed that automatic slope angle classifications were used in the preparation of landslide maps. Therefore, there is no standard in slope angle maps nor in the class range that is referenced when preparing them. In this study, class ranges and slope angle values of areas where landslides have occurred were determined from the 15 literature, and of these, 40 landslides areas were selected in Turkey and their slope angle maps were created. These were evaluated based on the slope angle classes determined in the published literature. The effects of slope angle on the landslide were determined, and an understanding was gained of how important it was to be careful when determining the classification of slope angle. When smaller class ranges were selected, different results were obtained suggesting that the selection of the range of classes are vital in the preparation of landslide susceptibility maps.
C1 [Cellek, Seda] Univ Kirsehir Ahi Evran, Dept Geol, Kirsehir, Turkey.
C3 Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey; Kirsehir Ahi Evran
   University
RP Çellek, S (corresponding author), Univ Kirsehir Ahi Evran, Dept Geol, Kirsehir, Turkey.
EM sedacellek@ahievran.edu.tr
TC 11
Z9 13
PU WADIA INST HIMALAYAN GEOLOGY
PI DEHRA DUN
PA 33 GENERAL MAHADEO SINGH RD, DEHRA DUN, 248 001, INDIA
SN 0971-8966
PY 2022
VL 43
IS 1A
BP 85
EP 95
SC Geology
UT WOS:000768770000008
ER

PT J
AU Wang, DP
   Li, YZ
   Wang, ZW
   Yang, WB
   Ouyang, CJ
   Zhu, X
   Scaringi, G
AF Wang, Dongpo
   Li, Yizhi
   Wang, Zhongwen
   Yang, Weibin
   Ouyang, Chaojun
   Zhu, Xing
   Scaringi, Gianvito
TI Threat from above! Assessing the risk from the Tonghua
   high-locality landslide in Sichuan, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE High-locality landslide; Tonghua landslide; Numerical modeling; Hazard
   assessment; Risk assessment; Slow-moving landslide
ID 2017 XINMO LANDSLIDE; DEBRIS FLOWS; SU VILLAGE; MODEL; PROVINCE;
   MAOXIAN; MOTION; COUNTY
AB In tectonically active steep mountain belts, such as those in west Sichuan in China, frequent landslide disasters can occur during the rainy season. High-locality landslides often initiate with the failure of fractured rock masses or regolith near the ridge of a high and steep slope. Often, these events occur suddenly in the sense that people downslope are caught by surprise. High-locality landslides can be destructive owing to the large momentum and entrainment potential of the moving mass. Increasing attention has been given to these events since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Indeed, slope ridges are particularly susceptible of topographic amplification of the seismic shaking, resulting in mechanical weakening that predisposes them to enhanced weathering and rain-triggered failures years or decades after the mainshock. Risk reduction in such cases must begin with a systematic surveying of the ridges to identify criticalities. Then, quantitative (numerical) approaches must be used to evaluate volumes and describe the movement. Risk assessments can then be produced, and mitigations suggested. Here, we describe the Tonghua landslide in Li County, which is currently in a creeping stage but threatens critical infrastructures and dwellings. We monitored the site for 3 years and identified additional potentially unstable areas before performing physically based modeling and hazard zonation. Our results could be useful in decision-making for risk reduction.
C1 [Wang, Dongpo; Li, Yizhi; Yang, Weibin; Zhu, Xing] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Zhongwen] Sichuan Prov Highway Planning Survey Design & Res, Chengdu 610000, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yizhi] Sichuan Chuanjian Geotech Survey Design Inst Co L, Chengdu 610000, Peoples R China.
   [Ouyang, Chaojun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Scaringi, Gianvito] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Inst Hydrogeol Engn Geol & Appl Geophys, Prague, Czech Republic.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Charles University Prague
RP Wang, DP (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM wangdongpo@cdut.edu.cn; wangzhongwen@stu.cdut.edu.cn
TC 11
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAR
PY 2022
VL 19
IS 3
BP 731
EP 746
DI 10.1007/s10346-021-01836-w
EA JAN 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000737756000001
ER

PT J
AU Liang, YF
   Cui, SH
   Pei, XJ
   Zhu, L
   Wang, H
   Yang, QW
AF Liang, Yufei
   Cui, Shenghua
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Zhu, Ling
   Wang, Hui
   Yang, Qingwen
TI Shear behavior of bedding fault material on the basal layer of DGB
   landslide
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID TRIGGERED DAGUANGBAO LANDSLIDE; EARTHQUAKE; LIQUEFACTION; STRENGTH;
   VELOCITY; TESTS
AB Daguangbao (DGB) Landslide (12x10(8) m(3)) is the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake, in which basal shear failure develops on an interlayer fault at 400 m deep under the ground. After the landslide, a 1.8 km long (in the sliding direction) oblique shear face is exposed. Different kinds of materials in the interlayer fault of DGB landslide are taken for direct shear test, medium scale shear test, in-situ shear test and ring shear test. The test results show that fault material cohesion ranges from 20 to 320 kPa and internal friction angle from 15 degrees to 41 degrees. Shearing strength of interlayer fault materials is related to fragmentation degree of structure. The lower fragmentation degree the more obvious strain softening characteristics of materials, the higher fragmentation degree the poorer shearing resistance of materials. Compared with argillaceous materials in the same fault, the mylonitic materials are of higher shear strength and internal friction angle. Both mylonitic materials and breccia materials are strong in liquefying. In saturated undrained cases, shear strength of fault materials could drop to 9.7 degrees, with S3 down to 0. In saturated undrained dynamic shear conditions, fault internal friction angle could be reduced to 23.1 degrees and 4.2 degrees. It is concluded that low friction feature of fault materials caused by the influence of groundwater is the main reason for destabilization of DGB landslide.
C1 [Liang, Yufei; Cui, Shenghua; Pei, Xiangjun; Zhu, Ling; Wang, Hui; Yang, Qingwen] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Cui, SH (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM cuishenghua18@cdut.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD JAN 5
PY 2023
VL 13
IS 1
AR 233
DI 10.1038/s41598-023-27488-5
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000932732000079
ER

PT J
AU Tanoli, JI
   Jehangir, A
   Qasim, M
   Rehman, MU
   Shah, STH
   Ali, M
   Jadoon, IAK
AF Tanoli, Javed Iqbal
   Jehangir, Adeel
   Qasim, Muhammad
   Rehman, Mohib ur
   Shah, Syed Tallataf Hussain
   Ali, Muhammad
   Jadoon, Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan
TI Application of bivariate statistical techniques for landslide
   susceptibility mapping: A case study in Kaghan Valley, NW Pakistan
SO GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL
DT Article
DE bivariate statistics; Information Value Method; Kaghan valley; landslide
   susceptibility; Landslide Numerical Risk Factor; North Pakistan;
   Statistical Index
ID 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION;
   TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FREQUENCY RATIO;
   RISK-ASSESSMENT; GIS; HAZARD; COLLISION
AB Landslides are dangerous events that threaten both human life and property. This research presents a case study of Kaghan valley catchment, which is an area of frequent landslide activity. We aim to present a comparison between the bivariate Landslide Numerical Risk Factor (LNRF), Statistical Index (SI) and Information Value (InfV) statistical models to evaluate landslide susceptibility. A total of 1556 landslides were identified using earlier reports, field surveys, and GOOGLE Earth imagery. The abundance of landslides is primarily controlled by acute deformation caused by a major thrust fault system and proximity to Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis (HKS). A landslide inventory was randomly partitioned into two datasets. 70% (1106) of landslides were used as a training phase of the models, whereas 30% (450) as validation of the three models. A spatial database of 11 conditioning factors was produced consisting of slope, aspect, elevation, lithology, land use, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), rainfall, Stream Power Index (SPI), distance to faults, rivers and streams. All the landslide susceptibility assessment parameters were obtained from different sources and different landslide susceptibility maps were prepared on the GIS software. Performance of the three models was validated through the Receiver operator Characteristics (ROC) through success and prediction rate curves. Results show that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for InfV, LNRF and SI models are 70.95, 83.99 and 67.56 for success rate curves and 70.75, 83.99 and 67.85 for prediction rate curves, respectively. LNRF having the highest AUC value proved to be superior for generating regional scale landslide susceptibility maps.
C1 [Tanoli, Javed Iqbal; Jehangir, Adeel; Qasim, Muhammad; Rehman, Mohib ur; Shah, Syed Tallataf Hussain; Ali, Muhammad; Jadoon, Ishtiaq Ahmad Khan] COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Earth Sci, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan.
C3 COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI)
RP Tanoli, JI (corresponding author), COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Earth Sci, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan.
EM javed_iqbal@cuiatd.edu.pk
TC 4
Z9 4
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0072-1050
EI 1099-1034
PD DEC
PY 2023
VL 58
IS 12
SI SI
BP 4576
EP 4595
DI 10.1002/gj.4836
EA JUL 2023
SC Geology
UT WOS:001028224100001
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, L
   Pei, XJ
   Cui, SH
   Luo, LG
   Wang, H
AF Zhu, Ling
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Cui, Shenghua
   Luo, Luguang
   Wang, Hui
TI New insights into the progressive failure process and mechanisms of the
   2017 Xinmo Slope in Mao County, China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Xinmo landslide; Progressive failure; Incompatible deformation;
   Softening; Creep deformation
ID GEOLOGICAL STRENGTH INDEX; ROCK MASS; LANDSLIDE; MAOXIAN; SICHUAN;
   EARTHQUAKE; STABILITY; PRECURSORS
AB The Xinmo landslide, one of the most catastrophic landslides in Sichuan Province following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, resulted in 10 deaths and 73 missing persons. This event garnered significant attention both in China and worldwide. In this study, we focused on the contributions of historical earthquakes, rainfall, and gravity to the progressive failure of the slope. Through a series of field investigations, rock creep tests, and numerical simulations, we found that the damage in the phyllite layer is significantly greater than that in the surrounding metamorphic sandstone layers, attributed to the incompatible deformation caused by earthquakes. Rainwater infiltrates along the densely developed seismic fractures, leading to the softening of phyllite and a reduction in long-term strength, which is related to the clay mineral expansion, non-uniform deformation, and the dissolution of intergranular cement. We proposed that the Xinmo landslide underwent several processes prior to its initiation, including the triggering, propagation, and coalescence of seismic fractures, the softening of phyllite due to rainwater, and time-dependent deformation.
C1 [Zhu, Ling] Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Info Phys, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Ling] Cent South Univ, Key Lab Metallogen Predict Nonferrous Met & Geol E, Minist Educ, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
   [Pei, Xiangjun; Cui, Shenghua; Wang, Hui] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Luguang] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Earth Sci & Spatial Informat Engn, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University; Central South University; Chengdu University
   of Technology; Hunan University of Science & Technology
RP Zhu, L (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Info Phys, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.; Zhu, L (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Key Lab Metallogen Predict Nonferrous Met & Geol E, Minist Educ, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
EM zhuling.geo@csu.edu.cn; peixj0119@tom.com; cuishenghua18@cdut.edu.cn;
   luolgcdut@163.com; wanghui1@stu.cdut.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD APR
PY 2025
VL 84
IS 4
AR 195
DI 10.1007/s10064-025-04205-2
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001446608100002
ER

PT J
AU Lacroix, P
   Gavillon, T
   Bouchant, C
   Lavé, J
   Mugnier, JL
   Dhungel, S
   Vernier, F
AF Lacroix, Pascal
   Gavillon, Theo
   Bouchant, Clement
   Lave, Jerome
   Mugnier, Jean-Louis
   Dhungel, Samir
   Vernier, Flavien
TI SAR and optical images correlation illuminates post-seismic landslide
   motion after the Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake (Nepal)
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ALLUVIAL-FAN; TIME-SERIES;
   DISPLACEMENTS; GROUNDWATER; MOBILITY; LEVEL; WATER
AB In the days to weeks following an earthquake, landslides can display specific post-seismic motions, including delayed initiations and post-seismic relaxations. These motions have an uncertain origin, sometimes attributed to specificities of the landslide basal interface or to fluid transports in the landslide basal shear zone. Here we address this question, by documenting the co- and post-seismic motions of slow-moving landslides accelerated by the Gorkha earthquake (Mw 7.8, 25/04/2015, Nepal). We detect 11 slow-moving landslides over an area of 750 km(2) in the near field of the earthquake, and monitor their motions thanks to a time-series of Pleiades optical satellite images and SAR Sentinel-1 images. The post-seismic landslide motions are much larger than the co-seismic ones, reaching up to 34 +/- 0.6 m accommodated over 2 months. A delayed initiation of several days (> 4 days) is also measured for at least two of the landslides. We analyze our findings in regards with all the previous observations on slow-moving landslides accelerated by earthquakes, and propose that the post-seismic motions are caused by diffusion of groundwater from co-seismic material contraction up to the landslide basal shear zone or from internal landslide reconfiguration. Our observations strongly suggest the main control of the hydrology in the landslide processes under seismic forcings.
C1 [Lacroix, Pascal; Gavillon, Theo; Bouchant, Clement; Mugnier, Jean-Louis] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, ISTerre,IRD, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
   [Lacroix, Pascal] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Njord Ctr, Box 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
   [Lacroix, Pascal] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Njord Ctr, Box 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
   [Lave, Jerome] Univ Lorraine, CNRS, Ctr Rech Petrograph & Geochim, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
   [Dhungel, Samir] Tribhuvan Univ, Kirtipur 44618, Nepal.
   [Vernier, Flavien] Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, LISTIC, Annecy, France.
C3 Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA);
   Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de
   Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite Gustave-Eiffel;
   Universite Savoie Mont Blanc; University of Oslo; University of Oslo;
   Universite de Lorraine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
   (CNRS); Tribhuvan University; Universite Savoie Mont Blanc
RP Lacroix, P (corresponding author), Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, ISTerre,IRD, F-38000 Grenoble, France.; Lacroix, P (corresponding author), Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Njord Ctr, Box 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.; Lacroix, P (corresponding author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Njord Ctr, Box 1048, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
EM pascal.lacroix@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr
TC 15
Z9 17
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD APR 15
PY 2022
VL 12
IS 1
AR 6266
DI 10.1038/s41598-022-10016-2
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000782844000047
ER

PT J
AU Su, XL
   Xia, XL
   Liang, QH
   Hou, JM
AF Su, Xiaoli
   Xia, Xilin
   Liang, Qiuhua
   Hou, Jingming
TI A coupled discrete element and depth-averaged model for dynamic
   simulation of flow-like landslides
SO COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
DT Article
DE Flow-like landslide; Coupled model; Discrete element method;
   Depth-averaged model; Granular collapse
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MATERIAL POINT METHOD; SHALLOW-WATER;
   NUMERICAL-MODEL; ROLLING RESISTANCE; STABILITY ANALYSIS;
   GRANULAR-MATERIALS; SLOPE STABILITY; SPH MODEL; FAILURE
AB Flow-like landslides commonly happen in mountainous areas and may threaten people's lives, damage their properties, and create negative impact on the environment. Computer modelling has become an effective tool to support landslide risk assessment and management. Models based on discrete element method (DEM) can capture micro-mechanical behaviour of soils, simulate large deformation and have been widely used for landslide simulations. However, these models are computationally too demanding for large-scale applications. On the other hand, depth-averaged models (DAM) have been well reported for simulation of flow-like landslides over large spatial domains due to its relatively high computational efficiency. To combine the advantages of both types of modelling approaches, this paper develops a novel landslide model by coupling a DEM model with a DAM for landslide simulation, in which the DEM component is employed to better simulate the complex landslide dynamics in the source area and the DAM is adopted to predict the predominantly convective movement in the runout and deposition zone. Finally, the new coupled landslide model is validated against several test cases, including a field-scale event. Satisfactory results have been obtained, demonstrating that the coupled model is able to reproduce the dynamic process of flow-like landslides.
C1 [Su, Xiaoli; Xia, Xilin; Liang, Qiuhua] Loughborough Univ, Sch Architecture Bldg & Civil Engn, Loughborough, Leics, England.
   [Liang, Qiuhua; Hou, Jingming] Xian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Ecohydraul Northwest Arid Reg China, Xian, Peoples R China.
C3 Loughborough University; Xi'an University of Technology
RP Xia, XL (corresponding author), Loughborough Univ, Sch Architecture Bldg & Civil Engn, Loughborough, Leics, England.
EM x.su@lboro.ac.uk; x.xia2@lboro.ac.uk
TC 11
Z9 13
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0266-352X
EI 1873-7633
PD JAN
PY 2022
VL 141
AR 104537
DI 10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104537
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000795844900026
ER

PT J
AU Scaringi, G
   Fan, XM
   Xu, Q
   Liu, C
   Ouyang, CJ
   Domènech, G
   Yang, F
   Dai, LX
AF Scaringi, Gianvito
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Xu, Qiang
   Liu, Chun
   Ouyang, Chaojun
   Domenech, Guillem
   Yang, Fan
   Dai, Lanxin
TI Some considerations on the use of numerical methods to simulate past
   landslides and possible new failures: the case of the recent Xinmo
   landslide (Sichuan, China)
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Numerical modeling; Landslide risk assessment; Rock
   avalanche; Discrete element method; Continuum model method
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LONG-RUNOUT
   LANDSLIDES; CLOSE-PACKED LATTICE; CATASTROPHIC LANDSLIDE; KINEMATIC
   MODEL; TRAVEL DISTANCE; BRITTLE ROCKS; DEBRIS FLOWS; AVALANCHE
AB Rock avalanches represent a serious risk for human lives, properties, and infrastructures. On June 24, 2017, a catastrophic landslide destroyed the village of Xinmo (Maoxian County, Sichuan, China) causing a large number of fatalities. Adjacent to the landslide source area, further potentially unstable masses were identified. Among them, a 4.5-million m(3) body, displaced during the landslide event by about 40 m, raised serious concerns. Field monitoring and a reliable secondary risk assessment are fundamental to protect the infrastructure and the population still living in the valley. In this framework, the use of distinct element methods and continuum model methods to simulate the avalanche process was discussed. Various models (PFC, MatDEM, MassMov2D, Massflow) were used with the aim of reproducing the Xinmo landslide and, as predictive tools, simulating the kinematics and runout of the potentially unstable mass, which could cause a new catastrophic event. The models were all able to reproduce the first-order characteristics of the landslide kinematics and the morphology of the deposit, but with computational times differing by several orders of magnitude. More variability of the results was obtained from the simulations of the potential secondary failure. However, all models agreed that the new landslide could invest several still-inhabited buildings and block the course of the river again. Comparison and discussion of the performances and usability of the models could prove useful towards the enforcement of physically based (and multi-model) risk assessments and mitigation countermeasures.
C1 [Scaringi, Gianvito; Fan, Xuanmei; Xu, Qiang; Domenech, Guillem; Yang, Fan; Dai, Lanxin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Chun] Nanjing Univ, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Ouyang, Chaojun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Nanjing University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Scaringi, G; Fan, XM; Xu, Q (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM g.scaringi@qq.com; fxm_cdut@qq.com; xuqiang_68@126.com
TC 180
Z9 214
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUL
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 7
BP 1359
EP 1375
DI 10.1007/s10346-018-0953-9
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000437140700008
ER

PT J
AU Qi, SW
   Xu, QA
   Lan, HX
   Zhang, B
   Liu, JY
AF Qi, Shengwen
   Xu, Qiang
   Lan, Hengxing
   Zhang, Bing
   Liu, Jianyou
TI Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12
   Wenchuan Earthquake, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake; Slope; Landslide; Spatial analysis
ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; SICHUAN PROVINCE; EASTERN MARGIN; BENEATH; CRUSTAL;
   DEFORMATION; SHAN; ASIA
AB The 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake (seismic magnitude M-w 7.9 according to the USGS) triggered a great number of landslides. A spatial database of landslides is built by interpreting the remote sensing (RS) data which covers 11 counties severely damaged by the earthquake with area of about 31,686.12 km(2). The geological settings of the study area are detailed mapped including geologic structure and lithology. The digital elevation model (OEM) of the study area with resolution of 30 m x 30 m is presented to address the topographic characteristics. Correlations between the occurrence of landslides with geological settings i.e. active faults (the coseismic surface ruptures), geological unit, slope gradient, slope elevation as well as slope aspect are analyzed using spatial modeling in GIS with the aids of field investigations. It can be concluded that the distance to the causative faults and slope gradient are much more important than other factors. Landslides are clustered distributed along the causative faults of F2 and F3, and landslides incidence are dramatically decreasing with the increasing of the distance to the causative faults. The landslides incidence has an obvious increase near the active faults i.e. F1. Landslide concentration (LC, landslides/km(2)) has an obvious exponent increase with slope gradient. However, LC has no obvious relationship with geological unit and slope elevation: the difference of LC value in each geological unit (each slope elevation category) maybe have been the result affected by slope gradient for each geological unit (each slope elevation category) and distance of each geological unit (each slope elevation category) to causative fault zone. Isoseismal map reflects the incidence of landslides in some degree, and LC increases dramatically with Intensity increasing, almost all landslides occurred in the region above VI degree.
   Statistics result also indicates that in the near field of causative faults, landslides tend to have the initial sliding direction similar to the movement of the causative faults. And preliminary study shows that landslides incidence varies in different slopes with different structure, and consequent slopes and obsequent slopes have a higher landslides incidence than other layered slopes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Qi, Shengwen; Liu, Jianyou] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Engn Geomech, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Shengwen; Liu, Jianyou] Chaoyang Area, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Shengwen; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technology, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Lan, Hengxing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Bing] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS;
   Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences
RP Qi, SW (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Engn Geomech, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM qishengwen@mail.iggcas.ac.cn; xq@cdut.edu.cn; lanhx@lreis.ac.cn;
   zb@ceode.ac.cn; liujianyou@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
TC 301
Z9 354
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT 27
PY 2010
VL 116
IS 1-2
BP 95
EP 108
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.07.011
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000284185400009
ER

PT J
AU Cui, SH
   Liang, YF
   Pei, XJ
   Luo, LG
   Yang, QW
   Zhu, L
AF Cui, Shenghua
   Liang, Yufei
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Luo, Luguang
   Yang, Qingwen
   Zhu, Ling
TI Structural characteristics of landslide failure boundaries using
   three-dimensional point clouds: a case study of the Zhaobiyan landslide,
   China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Rock wedge slide; Rock mass structure; Ground 3D laser scanning;
   Automatic identification; Failure mode
ID AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION; ROCK; ROCKSLIDE; MODEL
AB Rock landslide failure boundaries contain large amounts of rock mass structure information, providing many details that help researchers understand the causes of landslide failure. Taking the Zhaobiyan (ZBY) landslide triggered by the 2008 M-S 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake as an example, we systematically introduce a workflow for analyzing the structural characteristics of landslide failure boundaries using three-dimensional point clouds. First, multi-source data of the failure boundaries are obtained via terrestrial laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle photography. Next, on the basis of the hue, saturation, value color reconstruction technique, and the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise, more than 3,870,000 orientations and eight groups of joint faces are extracted from these data. Finally, the spacing, persistence, and roughness of the joint faces are calculated. According to the roughness, we determined that the north flank of the ZBY landslide is a smooth friction face resulting from tectonic shear. With increasing movement distance of the landslide on the slip surface, the roughness is increasingly controlled by landslide slickensides instead of the structure. Furthermore, we confirmed that both sides of the ZBY landslide are primarily controlled by planar shearing failure with the linkage of Joints J1 and J2, which are located on the north and south flanks, respectively. The damaged areas on the two flanks caused by shear failure reached 86.53% and 73.02%, respectively, of the flank areas. The main scarp is composed of wedge failures at different scales, and the area damaged by tension reached 89.28% of the main scarp area.
C1 [Cui, Shenghua; Liang, Yufei; Pei, Xiangjun; Luo, Luguang; Yang, Qingwen; Zhu, Ling] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Shenghua] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
   [Zhu, Ling] Univ Newcastle, Prior Res Ctr Geotech Sci & Engn, Callagha, NSW 2308, Australia.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Kyoto University; University of
   Newcastle
RP Liang, YF (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM leelyf@outlook.com
TC 6
Z9 7
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD APR
PY 2023
VL 82
IS 4
AR 127
DI 10.1007/s10064-023-03140-4
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000952857200001
ER

PT J
AU Brain, MJ
   Rosser, NJ
   Tunstall, N
AF Brain, Matthew J.
   Rosser, Nick J.
   Tunstall, Neil
TI The control of earthquake sequences on hillslope stability
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
DT Article
DE landslide; earthquake; hillslope; erosion; ground shaking
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SHEAR-STRENGTH;
   NEW-ZEALAND; EROSION; FAILURE; BALANCE
AB Earthquakes trigger landslides in mountainous regions. Recent research suggests that the stability of hillslopes during and after a large earthquake is influenced by legacy effects of previous seismic activity. However, the shear strength and strain response of ductile hillslope materials to sequences of earthquake ground shaking of varying character is poorly constrained, inhibiting our ability to fully explain the nature of earthquake-triggered landslides. We used geotechnical laboratory testing to simulate earthquake loading of hillslopes and to assess how different sequences of ground shaking influence hillslope stability prior to, during, and following an earthquake mainshock. Ground-shaking events prior to a mainshock that do not result in high landslide strain accumulation can increase bulk density and interparticle friction. This strengthens a hillslope, reducing landslide displacement during subsequent seismicity. By implication, landscapes in different tectonic settings will likely demonstrate different short- and long-term responses to single earthquakes due to differences in the magnitude, frequency, and sequencing of earthquakes.
C1 [Brain, Matthew J.; Rosser, Nick J.; Tunstall, Neil] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
   [Brain, Matthew J.; Rosser, Nick J.; Tunstall, Neil] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
C3 Durham University; Durham University
RP Brain, MJ (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.; Brain, MJ (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
EM matthew.brain@durham.ac.uk
TC 23
Z9 23
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
PD JAN 28
PY 2017
VL 44
IS 2
BP 865
EP 872
DI 10.1002/2016GL071879
SC Geology
UT WOS:000395652600032
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Xu, C
   Meng, ZJ
   Li, T
   Li, C
   Huang, YD
   Shao, XY
   Feng, LY
   Luo, PH
   Luo, CY
AF Zhang, Sen
   Xu, Chong
   Meng, Zhenjiang
   Li, Tao
   Li, Chao
   Huang, Yuandong
   Shao, Xiaoyi
   Feng, Liye
   Luo, Penghan
   Luo, Changyou
TI Establishing a Landslide Traces Inventory for the Baota District, Yan'an
   City, China, Using High-Resolution Satellite Images
SO LAND
DT Article
DE landslide traces inventory; Yan'an City; Loess Plateau; loess
   landslides; satellite image; visual interpretation
ID LOESS PLATEAU; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; BEICHUAN AREA; HAZARD; SICHUAN;
   EVENT
AB The Baota District of Yan'an City, located in the Loess Plateau, is an important patriotic education base in China. The region's fragile geological environment and frequent geological disasters pose significant threats to the production and livelihood of residents. Establishing a landslide traces inventory can provide crucial assistance for studying regional land disaster distribution patterns and implementing disaster prevention and mitigation measures. However, the Baota District has not yet established a comprehensive and detailed landslide traces inventory, resulting in a lack of clear understanding and comprehensive knowledge regarding the threats and impacts of landslide disasters in the area. Therefore, this study employed high-resolution satellite images, applying a human-computer interactive visual interpretation method in conjunction with field survey verifications, to develop the most detailed and comprehensive landslide traces inventory for the Baota District to date. The results indicate that within the 3556 km2 area of the Baota District, there are 73,324 landslide traces, with an average landslide density of 20.62 km-2 and a total landslide area of 769.12 km2, accounting for 21.63% of the total land area. These landslides are relatively evenly distributed throughout the district, with a higher concentration in the east compared to the west. Most of the landslides are small in size. This study can support disaster prevention and mitigation efforts in the Baota District and serve as a reference for establishing landslide inventories in other regions of the Loess Plateau.
C1 [Zhang, Sen; Meng, Zhenjiang; Li, Chao; Luo, Penghan; Luo, Changyou] Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian 710064, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Sen; Xu, Chong; Li, Tao; Huang, Yuandong; Shao, Xiaoyi; Feng, Liye] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong; Li, Tao; Huang, Yuandong; Shao, Xiaoyi; Feng, Liye] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Meng, Zhenjiang] Changan Univ, Coll Sci, Xian 710064, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
C3 Chang'an University; Chang'an University
RP Meng, ZJ (corresponding author), Changan Univ, Coll Geol Engn & Geomat, Xian 710064, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Meng, ZJ (corresponding author), Changan Univ, Coll Sci, Xian 710064, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
EM z1999270@163.com; xc11111111@126.com; mengzj@chd.edu.cn;
   litaomail@163.com; lc15686074948@163.com; hyd1640@126.com;
   xiaoyishao@ninhm.ac.cn; liye_feng@outlook.com; luoph2024@163.com;
   changyou20020819@163.com
TC 4
Z9 6
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-445X
PD OCT
PY 2024
VL 13
IS 10
AR 1580
DI 10.3390/land13101580
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001343066000001
ER

PT J
AU Fort, M
   Cossart, E
   Arnaud-Fassetta, G
AF Fort, M.
   Cossart, E.
   Arnaud-Fassetta, G.
TI Hillslope-channel coupling in the Nepal Himalayas and threat to man-made
   structures: The middle Kali Gandaki valley
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7th Regional Geomorphology Conference of the
   International-Association-of-Geomorphologists on Recent Advances in
   Landslide Investigation
CY JUL, 2009
CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
DE Landslide dam; Debris flow; Hillslope-channel coupling; Road
   construction; Nepal Himalayas
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; BEDROCK INCISION; MASS MOVEMENT; RAINFALL
   THRESHOLDS; KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; HIMACHAL-PRADESH; SICHUAN PROVINCE;
   LANDSLIDE-DAM; RIVER; FLOW
AB In mountain areas, the confinement of valleys favours landslide interaction with rivers, causing channel changes or short-lived dams and lakes that may threaten trails, roads and human settlements. Their impacts may occur successively in space and time, and they affect randomly the functioning of the sediment fluxes. The present study focuses on the interaction patterns between unstable mountain slopes and the Kali Gandaki River, in the Nepal Himalayas. In this valley, the deepest on earth, a road linking the Myagdi and Mustang districts has been under construction for the past 5 years, either cutting into the bedrock or crossing areas affected episodically by debris slides, earth flows, debris flows and rock slides. On the basis of the geomorphic evolution observed over the last three decades, we assess the potential threats that now arise following completion of the road. We mapped three areas of recurrent mass wasting features characteristic of the most frequent situations encountered in this valley. We analyzed the combination of the hydro-geomorphic processes involved. With the use of a DEM, we assessed the volume and spatial impact of temporary river dams on infrastructure located along the valley floor. We estimated hydraulic parameters to document the geomorphic efficiency of river flooding after dam breaching. We reconstructed the spatial extent of (1) areas threatened by backwater flooding upstream of the dams and (2) areas threatened by the collapse of the dams. We describe the current geomorphic and sedimentary adjustments still at work along the valley sides. Our findings confirm that in the High Himalaya, medium scale landslides (10(5-6) m(3)) play a major role in the overall process of denudation and sediment transfer. They highly influence the transient nature of bedload transport in the channel. In reducing the residence time of sediments in temporary, spatially limited traps of the valley bottom, they enhance the vulnerability of land and people attracted by a roadside location. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fort, M.; Arnaud-Fassetta, G.] Univ Paris Diderot Geog, UMR PRODIG 8586, Paris, France.
   [Cossart, E.] Univ Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne Geog, UMR PRODIG 8586, Paris, France.
   [Arnaud-Fassetta, G.] Univ Paris 12 Geog, UMR LGP Maudon, Paris, France.
C3 Sorbonne Universite; Universite Paris Cite; Universite Paris Cite;
   Sorbonne Universite; Universite Paris-Est-Creteil-Val-de-Marne (UPEC)
RP Fort, M (corresponding author), Univ Paris Diderot Geog, UMR PRODIG 8586, Paris, France.
EM fort@univ-paris-diderot.fr
TC 35
Z9 37
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD DEC 15
PY 2010
VL 124
IS 3-4
SI SI
BP 178
EP 199
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.09.010
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000285131500009
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, WJ
   Xiao, DQ
AF Zhang, Weijie
   Xiao, Danqiang
TI Numerical analysis of the effect of strength parameters on the
   large-deformation flow process of earthquake-induced landslides
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE SPH; Earthquake-induced landslide; Strength parameters; Run-out; Flow
   velocity
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RUN-OUT; SPH METHOD; PARTICLE; STABILITY
AB In previous studies on earthquake-induced flow-like landslides based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method, the mechanism by which the material strength parameters influence the flow behavior was unclear. Therefore, based on the Bingham fluid model and the concept of equivalent viscosity, this study analyzed the run-out and velocity of flow-like landslides under different internal friction angles and varying cohesion to investigate the influence of these parameters. The SPH method was validated by comparing the simulated accumulation area of the Wenjia gully landslide with observed data. Then, by simulating the flow process of a conceptual landslide, this study obtained the variations in sliding distance and flow velocity with time. It was found that the effect of the internal friction angle is more significant than that of cohesion, which can provide a theoretical basis for the reinforcement of possible landslides in the field of engineering geology.
C1 [Zhang, Weijie] Hohai Univ, Minist Educ Geomech & Embankment Engn, Key Lab, Xikang Rd 1, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Xiao, Danqiang] Hohai Univ, Coll Civil & Transportat Engn, Xikang Rd 1, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Hohai University; Hohai University
RP Zhang, WJ (corresponding author), Hohai Univ, Minist Educ Geomech & Embankment Engn, Key Lab, Xikang Rd 1, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM zhangwj2016@hhu.edu.cn; 181604010065@hhu.edu.cn
TC 28
Z9 31
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT 3
PY 2019
VL 260
AR 105239
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105239
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000495469800055
ER

PT J
AU Duan, YJ
   Zhang, XT
   Zhao, WB
   Han, XP
   Lv, LF
   Yao, YJ
   Jia, K
   Wang, Q
AF Duan, Yanjun
   Zhang, Xiaotong
   Zhao, Wenbo
   Han, Xinpei
   Lv, Lingfeng
   Yao, Yunjun
   Jia, Kun
   Wang, Qiao
TI A Study of Landslide Susceptibility Assessment and Trend Prediction
   Using a Rule-Based Discrete Grid Model
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslide simulation; landslide susceptibility (LS); ensemble machine
   learning (ML); rule-based discrete grid model
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FLOW; DEPOSITS; MACHINE
AB Landslides are common natural disasters in mountainous regions, exerting considerable influence on socioeconomic development and city construction. Landslides occur and develop rapidly, often posing a significant threat to the safety of individuals and their property. Consequently, the mapping of areas susceptible to landslides and the simulation of the development of such events are crucial for the early warning and forecasting of regional landslide occurrences, as well as for the management of associated risks. In this study, a landslide susceptibility (LS) model was developed using an ensemble machine learning (ML) approach which integrates geological and geomorphological data, hydrological data, and remote sensing data. A total of nine factors (e.g., surface deformation rates (SDF), slope, and aspect) were used to assess the susceptibility of the study area to landslides and a grading of the LS in the study area was obtained. The proposed model demonstrates high accuracy and good applicability for LS. Additionally, a simulation of the landslide process and velocity was constructed based on the principles of landslide movement and the rule-based discrete grid model. Compared with actual unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, this simulation model has a S & oslash;rensen coefficient (SC) of 0.878, a kappa coefficient of 0.891, and a total accuracy of 94.12%. The evaluation results indicate that the model aligns well with the spatial and temporal development characteristics of landslides, thereby providing a valuable reference basis for monitoring and early warning of landslide events.
C1 [Duan, Yanjun; Zhang, Xiaotong; Zhao, Wenbo; Han, Xinpei; Lv, Lingfeng; Yao, Yunjun] Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Jia, Kun; Wang, Qiao] Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, Innovat Res Ctr Satellite Applicat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University
RP Zhang, XT (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM 202221051070@mail.bnu.edu.cn; xtngzhang@bnu.edu.cn;
   202221051116@mail.bnu.edu.cn; 202321051200@mail.bnu.edu.cn;
   202321051203@mail.bnu.edu.cn; yaoyunjun@bnu.edu.cn; jiakun@bnu.edu.cn;
   wangqiao@bnu.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD DEC
PY 2024
VL 16
IS 24
AR 4740
DI 10.3390/rs16244740
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001384524000001
ER

PT J
AU Li, LQ
   Ju, NP
   Sheng, DC
AF Li, Longqi
   Ju, Nengpan
   Sheng, Daichao
TI Seismic performance and failure mechanism of interbedded slopes with
   steep rock layers
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Interbedded rock slopes with steep layers; Seismic performance; Two
   failure types; Centrifugal modelling; Particle flow method
ID DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS; EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE;
   DISCRETE ELEMENT SIMULATION; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CENTRIFUGE MODEL
   TESTS; STABILITY ANALYSIS; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; DIP SLOPE; DISPLACEMENTS;
   BEHAVIOR
AB Numerous interbedded rock (IR) slopes fail during the Wenchuan earthquake in the mountainous region of western China. Landslides are also triggered in IR slopes with a 60 degrees layer inclination, which are generally stable in gravity-dominant environments. This study examines the effect of seismic motion on the response characteristics and failure patterns of IR slopes with steep layers to develop a landslide hazard assessment tool for earthquake-prone regions. First, we use a centrifuge shaking table test to model the failure process and acceleration responses of two IR slope models with stratigraphic dips of 60 degrees and 80 degrees, respectively, under different seismic intensities. Next, we adopt the Particle Flow Code to examine the crack propagation features and peak ground acceleration amplification effects for the IR slopes. We find that the seismic failure pattern of IR slopes depends largely on rock layer inclination: buckling failure is triggered when rock layers are parallel or nearly parallel to the slope surface, while toppling failure is triggered when the rock layer inclination is significantly higher than that of the slope surface. Following seismic excitation, the damage is mainly observed in the weak rock layers, creating lateral stress on adjacent strong rocks, which undergoes deformation and ultimate macroscopic failure. Further, displacement of the IR slope is negatively correlated to rock layer inclination. Rock layer thickness has a major influence on the damaged area inside the slope mass, while rock layer stiffness mainly affects the deformation distribution near the slope shoulder.
C1 [Li, Longqi; Ju, Nengpan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Longqi] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Environm & Civil Engn, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Sheng, Daichao] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   University of Technology Sydney
RP Li, LQ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM lilongqi2014@cdut.edu.cn; jnp@cdut.edu.cn; Daichao.Sheng@uts.edu.au
TC 17
Z9 17
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD DEC 5
PY 2023
VL 326
AR 107312
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107312
EA OCT 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001097989600001
ER

PT J
AU Pokharel, B
   Althuwaynee, OF
   Aydda, A
   Kim, SW
   Lim, S
   Park, HJ
AF Pokharel, Badal
   Althuwaynee, Omar F.
   Aydda, Ali
   Kim, Sang-Wan
   Lim, Samsung
   Park, Hyuck-Jin
TI Spatial clustering and modelling for landslide susceptibility mapping in
   the north of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslides; Unsupervised clustering; Spatial patterns; Logistic
   regression; Parametric analysis
ID ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR
   MACHINE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; DECISION TREE; GIS;
   PREDICTION; HAZARD; CLASSIFICATION
AB In this article, we propose and test alternative sampling strategies based on clustering distribution concepts to increase the efficiency of the landslide susceptibility model outcomes, instead of common random selection method for training and testing samples. To that end, we prepared a comprehensive landslide inventory and used six unsupervised clustering algorithms (K-means, K-medoids, hierarchical cluster (HC) analysis, expectation-maximization using Gaussian mixture models (EM/GMM), affinity propagation, and mini batch K-means) to generate six different training datasets. After getting the cluster pattern in each technique, we classified it into 70% and 30% for training and testing samples, respectively. We generated an additional training dataset using random selection procedure to test the hypothesis. The EM/GMM model exhibited the highest accuracy than the other methods. The findings confirm the hypothesis and recommend investing in natural distribution of landslides incident, as training concepts, instead of random sampling.
C1 [Pokharel, Badal; Lim, Samsung] Univ New South Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
   [Althuwaynee, Omar F.; Kim, Sang-Wan; Park, Hyuck-Jin] Sejong Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Resources Engn, 209 Neudong RoGwangjin Gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
   [Aydda, Ali] Ibn Zohr Univ, Dept Geol, Fac Sci, BP 8106, Agadir 80000, Morocco.
C3 University of New South Wales Sydney; Sejong University; Ibn Zohr
   University of Agadir
RP Althuwaynee, OF; Kim, SW (corresponding author), Sejong Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Resources Engn, 209 Neudong RoGwangjin Gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
EM omar.faisel@gmail.com; swkim@sejong.edu
TC 34
Z9 39
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 4
BP 1403
EP 1419
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01558-5
EA NOV 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000584378700001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, GH
   Furuya, G
   Zhang, FY
   Doi, I
   Watanabe, N
   Wakai, A
   Marui, H
AF Wang, Gonghui
   Furuya, Gen
   Zhang, Fanyu
   Doi, Issei
   Watanabe, Naoki
   Wakai, Akihiko
   Marui, Hideaki
TI Layered internal structure and breaching risk assessment of the
   Higashi-Takezawa landslide dam in Niigata, Japan
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture earthquake; Landslide dam; Stability;
   Internal structure
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CRITICAL SHEAR-STRESS; NEW-ZEALAND; EROSION;
   ROCKSLIDE; CHINA; FLOOD; ERODIBILITY; SIMULATION; FAILURE
AB The internal structure and geotechnical properties of landslide dams have rarely been examined in detail, although they largely control the longevity and potential failure mechanisms of the dams. During the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture earthquake, thousands of landslides were triggered and many landslide dams were formed in the Imo River basin. Among these landslides dams, the biggest one that occurred in the Higashi-Takezawa district threatened both the upstream and downstream areas. Emergency and eventual permanent countermeasures were successfully performed to mitigate the hazards presented by the dam. The preserved landslide dam provides a good field study area for improving understanding of the formation and stability of similar features. To characterize its internal structure and to provide more reliable information for stability analysis, we used a multiple-channel surface-wave technique and microtremor array measurements to survey the dam's S-wave velocity (V-s) profile. Our results show that the integrated use of these methods is an effective approach for determining the S-wave velocity structure of landslide dams, irrespective of the mountainous environment in which they typically occur. The V-s profile suggests that the displaced landslide materials had been little disturbed during movement, although movement was rapid and over a long distance. We also discuss herein the landsliding mechanism and assess the breaching risk of the landslide dam due to overtopping. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Gonghui; Doi, Issei] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Res Ctr Landslides, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
   [Furuya, Gen] Toyama Prefecture Univ, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 9390398, Japan.
   [Zhang, Fanyu] Lanzhou Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Mech Disaster & Environm Western China, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Watanabe, Naoki; Marui, Hideaki] Niigata Univ, Res Inst Nat Hazards & Disaster Recovery, Nishi Ku, Ikarashi 2, Niigata 9502181, Japan.
   [Wakai, Akihiko] Gunma Univ, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Kiryu, Gunma 3768515, Japan.
C3 Kyoto University; Toyama Prefectural University; Lanzhou University;
   Niigata University; Gunma University
RP Wang, GH (corresponding author), Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Res Ctr Landslides, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
EM wanggh@landslide.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
TC 31
Z9 34
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD AUG 15
PY 2016
VL 267
BP 48
EP 58
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.05.021
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000378957800005
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YB
   Yang, YS
   Li, XQ
   Cheng, X
   Li, DJ
AF Zhang, Yingbin
   Yang, Yansong
   Li, Xiaoqin
   Cheng, Xiao
   Li, Dejian
TI An improved quick predictive model for earthquake-induced landslide
   movement based on energy conservation: A case study
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslide; Movement characteristics; Strength
   degradation; Quick predictive model of landslide movement
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MOBILITY; RUNOUT; PREFECTURE; DAM
AB Landslides triggered by near-fault ground motions generally result in heavy casualties, large economic losses and severe ecological damage. Evaluating and predicting the characteristics of landslide movement while considering near-fault ground motion is crucial for disaster prevention and reduction. An improved quick predictive model for earthquake-induced landslide movement (ELQA) was constructed on the basis of energy conservation. The velocity of the centroid was taken as the control value, and an empirical formula for the strength degradation of the slide mass was used. Dynamic coordination between movement characteristics and strength degradation was achieved. In addition, taking the Donghekou landslide and the unstable Outang slope as examples, the improved model was used to analyze the high-speed, long-runout movement mechanism of the landslide and predict unstable slope movement. The results revealed that the Donghekou slope remained stable during the initial stage of an earthquake and then became unstable after approximately 6 s of ground motion. It rapidly moved at a maximum velocity of 50 m/s, with the movement distance exceeding 2500 m. The movement process of the Outang slope lasted approximately 60 s. The back edge of the landslide essentially did not move, whereas the moving part of the sliding mass always maintained a certain integrity. The peak velocity of the landslide exceeded 40 m/s, causing it to move rapidly over a considerable distance, endangering the residential buildings on the opposite bank. The results offer effective suggestions for disaster prevention and reduction related to production and living in earthquake-prone areas.
C1 [Zhang, Yingbin; Yang, Yansong; Li, Dejian] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, State Key Lab Intelligent Geotech & Tunnelling, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Xiaoqin] China Railway Eryuan Engn Grp Co Ltd, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Xiao] Sichuan Univ Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Hong Kong Polytechnic University
RP Cheng, X (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM chengxiao@scu.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT
PY 2025
VL 357
AR 108309
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108309
EA SEP 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001565159000001
ER

PT J
AU Du, WJ
   Wu, K
   Fu, XD
   Sheng, Q
   Chen, J
   Wang, X
AF Du, Wenjie
   Wu, Kai
   Fu, Xiaodong
   Sheng, Qian
   Chen, Jian
   Wang, Xing
TI Failure history, mechanism, and recent run-out reproduction of the
   Xinhua Village landslide triggered by the 2022 Ms 6.1 Lushan earthquake
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Retrogressive shallow landslide; Evolutionary history; Run-out
   simulation; Earthquake triggering
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; AREA
AB On June 1, 2022, at 17:00, an Ms 6.1 earthquake occurred in Lushan County, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province (30.37 degrees N, 102.94 degrees E), followed by an Ms 4.5 earthquake at 17:03 in Baoxing County, Ya'an City (30.37 degrees N, 102.92 degrees E). These two earthquakes were superimposed on continuous rainfall that began on May 6, 2022, inducing instability in the upper part of the reinforced section at the exit of the Xinhua Village Tunnel, resulting in a large high-altitude landslide. The landslide deposited material around 280 m upstream of the Baoxing Power Station dam, forming a barrier lake and causing the water level in the reservoir to rise by about 5 m. The accumulated material in the river channel is estimated to be about 200,000 m3. The residual landslide buried the tunnel exit and the National Road G351 foundation outside the tunnel, with an estimated volume of about 560,000 m3 and a maximum burial depth of 58 m. The landslide closed the G351 Xinhua Village Tunnel, affecting the operation of this important transportation corridor on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This research summarizes the development of the Xinhua Village landslide over the past decade under the influences of multiple earthquakes, rainfall, and heavy snow. Our research presents a preliminary investigation of the failure and kinematic characteristics of this landslide based on a field survey, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, and 3D-MPM numerical simulation. These methods provide more detailed information about the movement of the landslide than traditional field investigation.
C1 [Du, Wenjie; Fu, Xiaodong; Sheng, Qian; Chen, Jian; Wang, Xing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
   [Du, Wenjie; Fu, Xiaodong; Sheng, Qian; Chen, Jian; Wang, Xing] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Engn Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Kai] Sichuan Highway Planning Survey Design & Res Inst, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Jian] CAS HEC, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan Institute of Rock & Soil Mechanics,
   CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of
   Sciences, CAS
RP Du, WJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
EM wjdu@mail.whrsm.ac.cn
TC 11
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 12
BP 2675
EP 2693
DI 10.1007/s10346-023-02148-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001100719000009
ER

PT J
AU Wang, SY
   Liu, J
AF Wang, Shao-yu
   Liu, Jie
TI Modeling the risk assessment of landslide-dammed lakes based on the
   emergency response measures in Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Emergency response; Landslide-dammed lake; Risk assessment
ID DAMS
AB With the rapid development of urbanization and climate change, the frequency and degree of the natural hazards and extreme weather events have increased, such as the earthquake, flood, and torrential rain. And the landslide-dammed lake as the secondary disaster of these hazards has become a major threat to many countries. So from twentieth century, many countries have begun to explore the effective emergency response method to reduce the danger of the landslide-dammed lake to the surrounded environment and people. Particularly in China, with successfully dealing with three high-risk landslide-dammed lakes in recent 10 years, the Chinese government has accumulated a great deal of experience in managing the landslide-dammed lakes. So in this paper, based on the Chinese and many other countries' emergency response experience of successfully managing the landslide-dammed lakes, we build an outburst time-predicted model which can use the Dimensionless blockage index value to predict the outburst time of the landslide-dammed lakes. Based on the urgent time in the process of emergency response to the landslide-dammed lake, we build an integrated risk assessment model with the gray relational analysis and Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution approach to evaluate the risk value and judge the risk level of the landslide-dammed lake from three aspects (the stability of the landslide-dammed lake, the hydrological environment, and the vulnerability factor of the surrounding environment). These two models can quickly and accurately determine the risk level of landslide-dammed lake in case of lack of complete and detailed data. So it would provide an important reference for government to make the scientific and effective emergency response plan to deal with the extremely high-risk landslide-dammed lake disasters in the future.
C1 [Wang, Shao-yu; Liu, Jie] Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Management, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China.
C3 Harbin Institute of Technology
RP Liu, J (corresponding author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Management, Harbin 150040, Peoples R China.
EM liujie198643@163.com
TC 9
Z9 9
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
PD JUN
PY 2013
VL 67
IS 2
BP 523
EP 547
DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0584-3
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000318494300020
ER

PT J
AU Yan, ZL
   Qin, LL
   Wang, R
   Li, J
   Wang, XM
   Tang, XL
   An, RD
AF Yan, Zhong-Luan
   Qin, Lei-Lei
   Wang, Rui
   Li, Jia
   Wang, Xiao-Ming
   Tang, Xi-Liang
   An, Rui-Dong
TI The Application of a Multi-Beam Echo-Sounder in the Analysis of the
   Sedimentation Situation of a Large Reservoir after an Earthquake
SO WATER
DT Article
DE multi-beam echo-sounder; Zipingpu Reservoir; sediment deposition;
   topographical change; capacity loss
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; BATHYMETRY; LANDSLIDE
AB The Wenchuan Earthquake took place in the upper reach catchment of the Min River. It resulted in large amounts of loose materials gathering in the river channel, leading to changes in the sediment transport system in this area. The Zipingpu Reservoir is the last and the largest reservoir located in the upper reach of the Min River. It is near the epicenter and receives sediment from upstream. This paper puts forward a study on the reservoir sedimentation and storage capacity of the Zipingpu Reservoir, employing a multi-beam echo-sounder system in December 2012. Then, the data were merged with digital line graphics and shuttle radar topography mission data in ArcGIS to build a digital elevation model and triangulate the irregular network of Zipingpu Reservoir. Via the analysis of the bathymetric data, the results show the following: (1) The main channels of the reservoir gradually aggrade to a flat bottom from the deep-cutting valley. Sedimentation forms a reach with a W-shaped longitudinal thalweg profile and an almost zero slope reach in the upstream section of the reservoir due to the natural barrier induced by a landslide; (2) The loss ratios of the wetted cross-section surface are higher than 10% in the upstream section of the reservoir and higher than 40% in the natural barrier area; (3) Comparing the surveyed area storage capacity of December 2012 with March 2008, the Zipingpu Reservoir has lost 15.28% of its capacity at the dead storage water level and 10.49% of its capacity at the flood limit water level.
C1 [Yan, Zhong-Luan; Qin, Lei-Lei] China Three Gorges Corp, Postdoctoral Res Stn, Beijing 100038, Peoples R China.
   [Yan, Zhong-Luan; Qin, Lei-Lei; Wang, Rui; Li, Jia; An, Rui-Dong] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Rui] Power China Chengdu Engn Corp Ltd, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Xiao-Ming; Tang, Xi-Liang] China Three Gorges Projects Dev Co Ltd, Chengdu 610094, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 China Three Gorges Corporation; Sichuan University; China Three Gorges
   Corporation
RP An, RD (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM edisonyan@live.cn; qin_leilei1@ctg.com.cn; woshiwangrui123@163.com;
   lijia@scu.edu.cn; wang_xiaoming@ctg.com.cn; tang_xiliang@ctg.com.cn;
   anruidong@scu.edu.cn
TC 7
Z9 8
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2073-4441
PD MAY
PY 2018
VL 10
IS 5
AR 557
DI 10.3390/w10050557
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000435196700023
ER

PT J
AU Huang, MW
   Chen, CY
   Wu, TH
   Chang, CL
   Liu, SY
   Kao, CY
AF Huang, Ming-Wey
   Chen, Chien-Yuan
   Wu, Tzu-Hsiu
   Chang, Chi-Ling
   Liu, Sheu-Yien
   Kao, Ching-Yun
TI GIS-based evaluation on the fault motion-induced coseismic landslides
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Coseismic landslide; GIS; Chi-Chi earthquake
ID CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION; ERH-SHAN LANDSLIDE;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; LOMA-PRIETA; ATTENUATION;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; TAIWAN; RUPTURE
AB Earthquake-induced potential landslides are commonly estimated using landslide susceptibility maps. Nevertheless, the fault location is not identified and the ground motion caused by it is unavailable in the map. Thus, potential coseismic landslides for a specific fault motion-induced earthquake could not be predicted using the map. It is meaningful to incorporate the fault location and ground motion characteristics into the landslide predication model. A new method for a specific fault motion-induced coseismic landslide prediction model using GIS (Geographic Information System) is proposed herein. Location of mountain ridges, slope gradients over 45o, PVGA (Peak Vertical Ground Accelerations) exceeded 0.15 g, and PHGA (Peak Horizontal Ground Accelerations) exceeded 0.25 g of slope units were representing locations that initiated landslides during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. These coseismic landslide characteristics were used to identify areas where landslides occurred during Meishan fault motion-induced strong ground motions in Chiayi County in Taiwan. The strong ground motion (over 8 Gal in the database, 1 Gal = 0.01 m/s(2), and 1 g = 981 Gal) characteristics were evaluated by the fault length, site distance to the fault, and topography, and their attenuation relations are presented in GIS. The results of the analysis show that coseismic landslide areas could be identified promptly using GIS. The earthquake intensity and focus depth have visible effects on ground motion. The shallower the focus depth, the larger the magnitude increase of the landslides. The GIS-based landslide predication method is valuable combining the geomorphic characteristics and ground motion attenuation relationships for a potential region landslide hazard assessment and in disaster mitigation planning.
C1 [Chen, Chien-Yuan] Chiayi Univ, Dept Civil & Water Resources Engn, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
   [Huang, Ming-Wey; Wu, Tzu-Hsiu; Chang, Chi-Ling; Liu, Sheu-Yien] Sci Technol Ctr Disaster Reduct NCDR, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
   [Kao, Ching-Yun] Chia Nan Univ Pharm & Sci, Inst Ind Safety & Disaster Prevent, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.
C3 Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science
RP Chen, CY (corresponding author), Chiayi Univ, Dept Civil & Water Resources Engn, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
EM chienyuc@mail.ncyu.edu.tw
TC 6
Z9 7
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD OCT
PY 2012
VL 9
IS 5
BP 601
EP 612
DI 10.1007/s11629-012-2434-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000309183900002
ER

PT J
AU Liu, N
   Zhang, JX
   Lin, W
   Cheng, WY
   Chen, ZY
AF Liu Ning
   Zhang JianXin
   Lin Wei
   Cheng WuYi
   Chen ZuYu
TI Draining Tangjiashan Barrier Lake after Wenchuan Earthquake and the
   flood propagation after the dam break
SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES E-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES
DT Article
DE earthquake; barrier lake; dam break; landslide; erosion; hydraulics of
   open channels
AB Tangjiashan Barrier Lake is one of the largest barrier lakes caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake. Its risk analysis, emergency plan and effect of the emergency plan are introduced in this paper. The dam height of Tangjiashan Barrier Dam is about 105 m, and the reservoir storage capacity is 3.2x10(8) m(3). When the dam broke the flood peak were estimated to be larger than 48000 m(3)/s, which might cause a enormous disaster to the downstream cities and residents. A discharge channel with 13 m deep and 8 m wide was drug, so that the water may flow out of the lake before the dam breaks. As a result, the drainage and risk mitigation project are successful. During the drainage process, the flood peak was about 6500 m(3)/s, and about 1.6x10(8) m(3) of water was drained off and the residual reservoir capacity was only 8.97x10(7) m(3). A new channel with average width 100 m was formed, which can bear floods of 200 years frequency. The successful experience and the collected data can be used to deal with the similar natural disasters in future.
C1 [Liu Ning; Zhang JianXin] Minist Water Resources Peoples Republ China, Bur Hydrol, Beijing 100053, Peoples R China.
   [Lin Wei] Sichuan Hydrog & Water Resources Survey Bur, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng WuYi] HydroChina Chengdu Engn Corp, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China.
   [Chen ZuYu] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China.
C3 China Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Research
RP Liu, N (corresponding author), Minist Water Resources Peoples Republ China, Bur Hydrol, Beijing 100053, Peoples R China.
EM liuning@mwr.gov.cn
TC 75
Z9 94
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1006-9321
PD APR
PY 2009
VL 52
IS 4
BP 801
EP 809
DI 10.1007/s11431-009-0118-0
SC Engineering; Materials Science
UT WOS:000264536600001
ER

PT J
AU Li, CQ
   Wang, Y
   Yuan, RM
AF Li, Chengqiu
   Wang, Ying
   Yuan, Renmao
TI Distribution features and formation mechanism of landslides along the
   middle segment of the Yalong River, China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslides; Distribution features; Xiamajidian large landslide;
   Deformation and failure; Yalong River
ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; SLOPE; EARTHQUAKE; MASS; DEFORMATIONS; SIMULATION;
   MAGNITUDE; FAULTS; HAZARD; MARGIN
AB Catastrophic landslides often occur along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau because of strong earthquake/faults and heavy rains. In this study, 26 large-scale landslides were collected from the middle segment of the Yalong River to analyze landslide features and possible formation mechanism. The investigation results revealed that landslides featuring a linear distribution along the riverbanks can be classified into three failure types: tensile cracking-sliding, sliding-bending (crushing and buckling), and toppling. Among them, the Xiamajidian landslide at the junction area between the river and the Qianbo fault is being dangerous with obvious deformation, including different subzones and different failure types. The landslide body is delineated into three distinct zones (A, B, and C) based on different deformation features and material compositions. Among them, the Zone A with the largest deformation is dangerous, the front of which is obviously moving toward the river channel. The deformation monitoring data indicated that the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake caused only slight disturbances to the Xiamajidian landslide body, but the subsequent 2008 Ms 6.1 Huili earthquake caused the deformation to increase quickly. The distinct-element method is then used to determine the importance of strong earthquakes and heavy rainfall during landslide failure. The results suggest that the landslide may have been broken to form a large landslide event, and finally to form a large landslide dam to block the Yalong River. The results presented in this paper are helpful for disaster prevention and risk evaluation.
C1 [Li, Chengqiu; Yuan, Renmao] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Chengqiu; Yuan, Renmao] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ying] Natl Earthquake Response Support Serv, Beijing 100054, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration
RP Yuan, RM (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Yuan, RM (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM yuanrenmao@ies.ac.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD NOV
PY 2024
VL 83
IS 11
AR 436
DI 10.1007/s10064-024-03953-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001330427400001
ER

PT J
AU Wu, H
   Ye, CZ
   Pei, XJ
   Oguchi, T
   He, ZH
   Yang, HL
   Huang, RQ
AF Wu, Hao
   Ye, Chenzuo
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Oguchi, Takashi
   He, Zhihao
   Yang, Hailong
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Incorporating Effects of Slope Units and Sliding Areas into Seismically
   Induced Landslide Risk Modeling in Tectonically Active Mountainous Areas
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE tectonically active mountainous areas; seismically induced landslides;
   Newmark model; landslide runout; long-term risks
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LONGMEN SHAN; SICHUAN; EROSION; MAOXIAN;
   BLOCK; DAMS; SITE
AB Traditional Newmark models estimate earthquake-induced landslide hazards by calculating permanent displacements exceeding the critical acceleration, which is determined from static factors of safety and hillslope geometries. However, these studies typically predict the potential landslide mass only for the source area, rather than the entire landslide zone, which includes both the source and sliding/depositional areas. In this study, we present a modified Newmark Runout model that incorporates sliding and depositional areas to improve the estimation of landslide chain risks. This model defines the landslide runout as the direction from the source area to the nearest river channel within the same slope unit, simulating natural landslide behavior under gravitational effects, which enables the prediction of the entire landslide zone. We applied the model to a subset of the Minjiang Catchment affected by the 1933 MW 7.3 Diexi Earthquake in China to assess long-term landslide chain risks. The results indicate that the predicted total landslide zone closely matches that of the Xinmo Landslide that occurred on 24 June 2017, despite some uncertainties in the sliding direction caused by the old landslide along the sliding path. Distance-weighted kernel density analysis was used to reduce the prediction uncertainties. The hazard levels of the buildings and roads were determined by the distance to the nearest entire landslide zone, thereby assessing the landslide risk. The landslide dam risks were estimated using the kernel density module for channels blocked by the predicted landslides, modeling intersections of the total landslide zone and the channels. High-risk landslide dam zones spatially correspond to the locations of the knickpoints primarily induced by landslide dams, validating the model's accuracy. These analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented model for Newmark-based landslide risk estimations, with implications for geohazard chain risk assessments, risk mitigation, and land use planning and management.
C1 [Wu, Hao] Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Geosci & Technol, Chengdu 610500, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Hao; Pei, Xiangjun; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Hao; Oguchi, Takashi] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778568, Japan.
   [Ye, Chenzuo] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778568, Japan.
   [He, Zhihao; Yang, Hailong] Xihua Univ, Sch Emergency Management, Chengdu 611930, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Petroleum University; Chengdu University of Technology;
   University of Tokyo; University of Tokyo; Xihua University
RP Ye, CZ (corresponding author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778568, Japan.
EM geocdutwuhao@outlook.com; yechenzuo@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp;
   peixiangjun2012@cdut.edu.cn; oguchi@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp;
   hezhihaohao@163.com; 0120240092@xhu.edu.cn; hrq@cdut.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD SEP
PY 2024
VL 16
IS 18
AR 3517
DI 10.3390/rs16183517
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001323491100001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, XF
   Jiang, WG
   Li, J
   Wang, WJ
AF Liu, Xiaofu
   Jiang, Weiguo
   Li, Jing
   Wang, Wenjie
TI Evaluation of the Vegetation Coverage Resilience in Areas Damaged by the
   Wenchuan Earthquake Based on MODIS-EVI Data
SO SENSORS
DT Article
DE ecological resilience; MODIS-EVI; vegetation cover; earthquake; recovery
   interval
ID ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE; RECOVERY; TIME; SATELLITE; INDEX; FIRE; NDVI
AB The concept of resilience was integrated into post-earthquake ecological restoration assessments in 10 counties heavily impacted by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Ecological resilience was defined as the time interval required for the vegetation coverage to recover to pre-earthquake levels in damaged areas. MODIS-EVI data from May to August in 2000 to 2016 were used to calculate the ecological resilience by fitting the curve of recovery rate (RR) versus time. The following conclusions were reached: (1) An area of 424.1 km(2) sustained vegetation damage. (2) The vegetation recovery was found to be linear based on the statistical analysis of the most common components of the damaged areas; consequently, linear fitting was used to estimate the resilience. (3) In terms of vegetation coverage, 44.2% of the damaged areas have already recovered. The vast majority of damaged areas are predicted to achieve vegetation recovery by 2022, but 5.3% of the damaged areas will not recover within this time period and have no resilience. (4) The management of damaged areas near roads, rivers and mining operations, especially at elevations of 2000-2500 m, slopes greater than 30 degrees, and precipitation levels greater than 1200 mm, should be prioritized in the future. (5) The innovations of this study include the method used to extract earthquake-related vegetation damage and the prediction of vegetation succession based on resilience.
C1 [Liu, Xiaofu; Jiang, Weiguo; Li, Jing] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Xiaofu; Wang, Wenjie] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Inst Environm Informat, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Xiaofu; Jiang, Weiguo] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
   Sciences; Beijing Normal University
RP Jiang, WG (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.; Jiang, WG (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM liuxf@craes.org.cn; jiangweiguo@bnu.edu.cn; lijing@bnu.edu.cn;
   wangwj@craes.org.cn
TC 20
Z9 27
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1424-8220
PD FEB
PY 2017
VL 17
IS 2
DI 10.3390/s17020259
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
UT WOS:000395482700043
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Wang, BJ
   Zhang, LM
   Lacasse, S
   Nadim, F
   Chen, YM
AF Zhang, Shuai
   Wang, Bijiao
   Zhang, Limin
   Lacasse, Suzanne
   Nadim, Farrokh
   Chen, Yunmin
TI Increased human risk caused by cascading hazards - A framework
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Cascading hazards; Interaction; Human risk; Risk analysis
ID VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS; DEBRIS FLOWS; EARTHQUAKE; CONSEQUENCES; MODEL;
   LANDSLIDES
AB Cascading hazards occur frequently. Unexpected casualties and losses of properties, or even impacts on the society and the environment may ensue from failure to anticipate the amplified risks induced by cascading hazards. Current risk assessment methods pay relatively less attention to quantifying the increased human risk related to "cascading" events. An improved framework for quantifying the human risk caused by cascading hazards is proposed in this paper. The framework considers the interactions among the cascading hazards and among the vulnerabilities of elements to these hazards. Its kernel is to scientifically anticipate and gear up for any new intensified hazards, which may otherwise lead to serious social aftermath. The framework is illustrated with a multi-hazard example close to the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, which involved a chain of hazards including slope failures, a large debris flow, river damming, and flooding.
C1 [Zhang, Shuai; Wang, Bijiao; Chen, Yunmin] Zhejiang Univ, MOE Key Lab Soft Soils & Geoenvironm Engn, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Limin] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Lacasse, Suzanne; Nadim, Farrokh] Norwegian Geotech Inst, Oslo, Norway.
C3 Zhejiang University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology;
   Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, NGI
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 15
Z9 17
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
EI 1879-1026
PD JAN 20
PY 2022
VL 857
AR 159308
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159308
PN 1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000888827800008
ER

PT J
AU Gao, ZM
   Ding, MT
AF Gao, Zemin
   Ding, Mingtao
TI Application of convolutional neural network fused with machine learning
   modeling framework for geospatial comparative analysis of landslide
   susceptibility
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Hybrid convolutional neural networks; Machine
   learning models; Wenchuan County; Southwest China
ID RANDOM-FOREST; VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FREQUENCY
   RATIO; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SPATIAL PREDICTION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT;
   SICHUAN PROVINCE; DECISION TREE; DEBRIS FLOWS
AB Landslides in mountain settlements are among the most widespread and dangerous geohazards. In this study, we aimed to assess landslide susceptibility using Wenchuan, southwest China, as a case. For this purpose, we constructed an optimization method that combines a convolutional neural network with the machine learning algorithm of support vector machines, quadratic discriminant analysis, Bayesian optimized gradient boosting tree, and Bayesian optimized random forest. The model inputs were 13,886 historical seismic-induced landslide events interpreted from remote sensing imagery and ten evaluation features: elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, distance to roads, distance to rivers, distance to faults, land use pattern, and soil texture. The output was the probability of landslide occurrence for each prediction unit. Finally, we evaluated the assessed outcomes using both the receiver operating characteristic curve and 1074 latest recorded landslide dataset (2013-2020). The calculations showed that the overall susceptibility values to landslides in the high-very high interval produced by the hybrid convolutional neural networks was 9.95%-16.91%, which is close to the actual landslide susceptibility of the region. The receiver operating characteristic curve and statistical analysis of the latest landslide event outcomes demonstrated that the hybrid Bayesian optimized gradient boosting tree model had a higher classification accuracy than the other classifiers presented in this study. The research findings are available to local governments and disaster management authorities in guiding disaster prevention, mitigation policy formulation, and land use and provide reference value for evaluating landslide susceptibility in other mountainous areas.
C1 [Gao, Zemin; Ding, Mingtao] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Ding, MT (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
EM zemingao@my.swjtu.edu.cn; mingtaoding@163.com
TC 23
Z9 23
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD SEP
PY 2022
VL 113
IS 2
BP 833
EP 858
DI 10.1007/s11069-022-05326-7
EA MAR 2022
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000772323100001
ER

PT J
AU Zeng, T
   Ghulam, A
   Yang, WN
   Grzovic, M
   Maimaitiyiming, M
AF Zeng, Tao
   Ghulam, Abduwasit
   Yang, Wu-Nian
   Grzovic, Mark
   Maimaitiyiming, Matthew
TI Estimating the Contribution of Loose Deposits to Potential Landslides
   Over Wenchuan Earthquake Zone, China
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
   SENSING
DT Article
DE Landslide; loose deposits; remote sensing; Wenchuan earthquake
ID ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; DEBRIS FLOWS; DECISION-MAKING;
   RISK-ASSESSMENT; SOIL-EROSION; AREA; GIS; BASIN; TIME
AB Loose deposits may lead to catastrophic landslides and rockslides especially during or after heavy rainfall events. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the volume and spatial distribution (VSD) of loose deposits using airborne and space-borne optical remote sensing data and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coherence. The estimated VSD of coseismic loose deposits in Wenchuan, China, the epicenter of the Sichuan Earthquake, is then used to predict potential landslides. First, high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital orthophoto map (DOM) are developed using stereo imagery collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over a core test site. Next, the VSD of loose deposits is determined using the UAV imagery, DEM, and a landslide inventory map developed by field surveys, and a power-law relationship between the area and volume is established. In order to determine the loose deposits of the entire study area, the InSAR coherence of PALSAR images collected before and right after the earthquake, Landsat image classification, and DEM combined with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model are integrated in a decision tree algorithm. Finally, we develop a quantitative method of determining the severity and likelihood of potential geohazards based on VSD of coseismic loose deposits and other variables including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), slope gradient, elevation, and land-cover/land-use (LCLU). A total of 42 catchments area are identified as the hot spots with a very high or high possibility of potential landslides. The VSD of coseismic loose deposits over these catchments is about 92.34% and 77.96% of the total potential loose deposits area.
C1 [Zeng, Tao; Yang, Wu-Nian] Chengdu Univ Technol, Dept Surveying & Mapping Engn, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zeng, Tao; Yang, Wu-Nian] Chengdu Univ Technol, Minist Land & Resources China, Key Lab Geosci Spatial Informat Technol, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zeng, Tao; Ghulam, Abduwasit; Grzovic, Mark; Maimaitiyiming, Matthew] St Louis Univ, Ctr Sustainabil, St Louis, MO 63108 USA.
   [Grzovic, Mark; Maimaitiyiming, Matthew] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Ministry of Natural Resources of the
   People's Republic of China; Chengdu University of Technology; Saint
   Louis University; Saint Louis University
RP Ghulam, A (corresponding author), St Louis Univ, Ctr Sustainabil, St Louis, MO 63108 USA.
EM zengtao@cdut.cn; awulamu@slu.edu; ywn@cdut.edu.cn; grzovic@slu.edu;
   maimaitiyiming@slu.edu
TC 6
Z9 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
EI 2151-1535
PD FEB
PY 2015
VL 8
IS 2
BP 750
EP 762
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2349953
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000352277100026
ER

PT J
AU Wang, YB
   Herzschuh, U
   Liu, XQ
   Korup, O
   Diekmann, B
AF Wang, Yongbo
   Herzschuh, Ulrike
   Liu, Xingqi
   Korup, Oliver
   Diekmann, Bernhard
TI A high-resolution sedimentary archive from landslide-dammed Lake Mengda,
   north-eastern Tibetan Plateau
SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY
DT Article
DE Earthquake; Landslide; Natural dam; Tibetan Plateau
ID HIGH-INTENSITY AREAS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; BUILDING
   DAMAGE; CHINA; DAMS
AB Lacustrine sediments have been widely used to investigate past climatic and environmental changes on millennial to seasonal time scales. Sedimentary archives of lakes in mountainous regions may also record non-climatic events such as earthquakes. We argue herein that a set of 64 annual laminae couplets reconciles a stratigraphically inconsistent accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) C-14 chronology in a similar to 4-m-long sediment core from Lake Mengda, in the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau. The laminations suggest the lake was formed by a large landslide, triggered by the 1927 Gulang earthquake (M = 8.0). The lake sediment sequence can be separated into three units based on lithologic, sedimentary, and isotopic characteristics. Starting from the bottom of the sequence, these are: (1) unweathered, coarse, sandy valley-floor deposits or landslide debris that pre-date the lake, (2) landslide-induced, fine-grained soil or reworked landslide debris with a high organic content, and (3) lacustrine sediments with low organic content and laminations. These annual laminations provide a high-resolution record of anthropogenic and environmental changes during the twentieth century, recording enhanced sediment input associated with two phases of construction activities. The high mean sedimentation rates of up to 4.8 mm year(-1) underscore the potential for reconstructing such distinct sediment pulses in remote, forested, and seemingly undisturbed mountain catchments.
C1 [Wang, Yongbo; Herzschuh, Ulrike; Diekmann, Bernhard] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Res Unit Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Wang, Yongbo; Liu, Xingqi] Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yongbo; Herzschuh, Ulrike; Korup, Oliver] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
C3 Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for
   Polar & Marine Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Institute
   of Geography & Limnology, CAS; University of Potsdam
RP Wang, YB (corresponding author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Res Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
EM yongbowang@gmail.com
TC 6
Z9 7
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-2728
EI 1573-0417
PD FEB
PY 2014
VL 51
IS 2
SI SI
BP 303
EP 312
DI 10.1007/s10933-012-9666-6
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
UT WOS:000330734400011
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, Y
   Huang, Z
   Wei, ZL
   Zheng, J
   Konagai, K
AF Zhao, Yu
   Huang, Zeng
   Wei, Zhenlei
   Zheng, Jun
   Konagai, Kazuo
TI Assessment of earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility considering
   coseismic ground deformation
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE earthquake-triggered landslides; landslide susceptibility mapping;
   coseismic ground deformation; machine learning; buried-fault
   earthquakes; Mid-Niigata earthquake
ID NIIGATA PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; 2008 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; 2015 GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED
   SLOPE FAILURE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ENERGY
   APPROACH; AREA
AB The distance to the surface rupture zone has been commonly regarded as an important influencing factor in the evaluation of earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility. However, the obvious surface rupture zones usually do not occur in some buried-fault earthquake cases, which means information about the distance to the surface rupture is lacking. In this study, a new influencing factor named coseismic ground deformation was added to remedy this shortcoming. The Mid-Niigata prefecture earthquake was regarded as the study case. To select a more suitable model for generating the landslide susceptibility map, three commonly used models named logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM) were also conducted to assess landslide susceptibility. The performances of these three models were evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic curve. The calculated results showed that the ANN model has the highest area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.82. As the earthquake triggered more landslides in the epicenter area, which makes it more prone to landslides in further earthquakes, the susceptibility analysis at two different mapping scales (the whole study area and the epicenter area) was also applied.
C1 [Zhao, Yu; Huang, Zeng; Zheng, Jun] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Yu] Zhejiang Univ, MOE Key Lab Soft Soils & Geoenvironm Engn, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Zeng] Powerchina Zhongnan Engn Corp Ltd, Changsha, Peoples R China.
   [Wei, Zhenlei] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Environm & Civil Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Konagai, Kazuo] Int Consortium Landslides, Kyoto, Japan.
C3 Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Chengdu University of
   Technology
RP Wei, ZL (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Environm & Civil Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM 1025332814@qq.com
TC 5
Z9 5
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD JAN 6
PY 2023
VL 10
AR 993975
DI 10.3389/feart.2022.993975
SC Geology
UT WOS:000918115500001
ER

PT J
AU Marc, O
   Hovius, N
AF Marc, O.
   Hovius, N.
TI Amalgamation in landslide maps: effects and automatic detection
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MOUNTAIN BELT; SEDIMENT;
   EROSION; TAIWAN; MODEL
AB Inventories of individually delineated landslides are a key to understanding landslide physics and mitigating their impact. They permit assessment of area-frequency distributions and landslide volumes, and testing of statistical correlations between landslides and physical parameters such as topographic gradient or seismic strong motion. Amalgamation, i.e. the mapping of several adjacent landslides as a single polygon, can lead to potentially severe distortion of the statistics of these inventories. This problem can be especially severe in data sets produced by automated mapping. We present five inventories of earthquake-induced landslides mapped with different materials and techniques and affected by varying degrees of amalgamation. Errors on the total landslide volume and power-law exponent of the area-frequency distribution, resulting from amalgamation, may be up to 200 and 50 %, respectively. We present an algorithm based on image and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis, for automatic identification of amalgamated polygons. On a set of about 2000 polygons larger than 1000 m(2), tracing landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the algorithm performs well, with only 2.7-3.6% incorrectly amalgamated landslides missed and 3.9-4.8% correct polygons incorrectly identified as amalgams. This algorithm can be used broadly to check landslide inventories and allow faster correction by automating the identification of amalgamation.
C1 [Marc, O.; Hovius, N.] German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Marc, O.; Hovius, N.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Potsdam, Germany.
C3 Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research
   Center for Geosciences; University of Potsdam
RP Marc, O (corresponding author), German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
EM omarc@gfz-potsdam.de
TC 94
Z9 98
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 4
BP 723
EP 733
DI 10.5194/nhess-15-723-2015
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000353877200003
ER

PT J
AU Zhan, YX
   Song, Z
   Li, D
   Xue, L
   Huang, TJ
AF Zhan, Yunxin
   Song, Zhi
   Li, Dan
   Xue, Lian
   Huang, Tianju
TI A Seismic Landslide Hazard Assessment in Small Areas Based on Multilevel
   Physical and Mechanical Parameters: A Case Study of the Upper Yangzi
   River
SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
DT Article
DE Newmark displacement model; seismic landslide; risk assessment;
   mechanical parameters
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; INFORMATION VALUE;
   ZONATION; MODELS; PROBABILITY; CHINA
AB Many landslides triggered by earthquakes have caused a countless loss of life and property, therefore, it is very important to predict landslide hazards accurately. In this work, regional seismic landslide data were obtained via a field survey, remote sensing interpretation, and data collection, and a multilevel physical and mechanical parameter system for seismic landslide hazard assessment was established; this system included a landslide inventory, loose accumulation layers, and geological units, enabling higher accuracy in the data. The Newmark displacement model with a modified correlation coefficient was used to assess the regional seismic landslide hazard in four scenarios (a = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) to study the influence of the landslide hazard at different peak ground accelerations. Moreover, the information value model was used to modify the calculated results to improve their accuracy in the assessment. By assessing the potential seismic landslide hazard in Shimian County in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the regional landslide distribution and pattern at different peak ground accelerations were obtained. The results show that with decreasing parameter accuracy in the system, the importance of the landslide inventory increases. When the peak ground acceleration is a = 0.3, which can be defined as a high hazard grade, in which the landslide area demonstrates a large-scale sharp increase, a devastating hazard threshold is reached. As the peak ground acceleration increases, the factor controlling landslides transforms from the landslide inventory to the slope, which reflects the reasonableness of the parameters in the system. The input parameters were regarded as important factors for efficiently increasing the accuracy of the results of the Newmark displacement model in the discussion.
C1 [Zhan, Yunxin; Song, Zhi; Li, Dan; Xue, Lian; Huang, Tianju] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Ctr, Geosci Innovat Ctr Southwest China, Chengdu 610218, Peoples R China.
   [Zhan, Yunxin; Song, Zhi] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Earth Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey;
   Shandong University of Science & Technology
RP Song, Z (corresponding author), China Geol Survey, Chengdu Ctr, Geosci Innovat Ctr Southwest China, Chengdu 610218, Peoples R China.; Song, Z (corresponding author), Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Earth Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China.
EM zhanyunxin1998@126.com; songzhi2024@126.com; ldan@mail.cgs.gov.cn;
   xuelian002@mail.cgs.gov.cn; huangtianju@mail.cgs.gov.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2076-3417
PD JAN
PY 2025
VL 15
IS 2
AR 777
DI 10.3390/app15020777
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
UT WOS:001404003200001
ER

PT J
AU Qiu, CC
   Su, LJ
   Bian, CC
   Zhao, B
   Geng, XY
AF Qiu, Chenchen
   Su, Lijun
   Bian, Congchao
   Zhao, Bo
   Geng, Xueyu
TI An AI-Based Method for Estimating the Potential Runout Distance of
   Post-Seismic Debris Flows
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Deep learning; GPM downscaling; Post-seismic debris flows; Runout
   distance prediction; 2022 Luding earthquake
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LONG-RUNOUT; RAINFALL; HAZARD; LANDSLIDE;
   PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; REGRESSION; THRESHOLD; SATELLITE
AB The widely distributed sediments following an earthquake presents a continuous threat to local residential areas and infrastructure. These materials become more easily mobilized due to reduced rainfall thresholds. Before establishing an effective management plan for debris flow hazards, it is crucial to determine the potential reach of these sediments. In this study, a deep learning-based method-Dual Attention Network (DAN)-was developed to predict the runout distance of potential debris flows after the 2022 Luding Earthquake, taking into account the topography and precipitation conditions. Given that the availability of reliable precipitation data remains a challenge, attributable to the scarcity of rain gauge stations and the relatively coarse resolution of satellite-based observations, our approach involved three key steps. First, we employed the DAN model to refine the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) data, enhancing its spatial and temporal resolution. This refinement was achieved by leveraging the correlation between precipitation and regional environment factors (REVs) at a seasonal scale. Second, the downscaled GPM underwent calibration using observations from rain gauge stations. Third, mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were employed to evaluate the performance of both the downscaling and calibration processes. Then the calibrated precipitation, catchment area, channel length, average channel gradient, and sediment volume were selected to develop a prediction model based on debris flows following the Wenchuan Earthquake. This model was applied to estimate the runout distance of potential debris flows after the Luding Earthquake. The results show that: (1) The calibrated GPM achieves an average MAE of 1.56 mm, surpassing the MAEs of original GPM (4.25 mm) and downscaled GPM (3.83 mm); (2) The developed prediction model reduces the prediction error by 40 m in comparison to an empirical equation; (3) The potential runout distance of debris flows after the Luding Earthquake reaches 0.77 km when intraday rainfall is 100 mm, while the minimum distance value is only 0.06 km. Overall, the developed model offers a scientific support for decision makers in taking reasonable measurements for loss reduction caused by post-seismic debris flows.
C1 [Qiu, Chenchen; Geng, Xueyu] Univ Warwick, Sch Engn, Coventry CV4 7AL, England.
   [Su, Lijun; Zhao, Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm IMHE, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Bian, Congchao] Hohai Univ, Sch Comp & Informat, Nanjing 211100, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Warwick; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Hohai University
RP Geng, XY (corresponding author), Univ Warwick, Sch Engn, Coventry CV4 7AL, England.
EM Xueyu.Geng@warwick.ac.uk
TC 6
Z9 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 2095-0055
EI 2192-6395
PD AUG
PY 2024
VL 15
IS 4
BP 608
EP 621
DI 10.1007/s13753-024-00575-5
EA AUG 2024
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001302319800001
ER

PT J
AU Loche, M
   Scaringi, G
   Yunus, AP
   Catani, F
   Tanyas, H
   Frodella, W
   Fan, XM
   Lombardo, L
AF Loche, Marco
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Yunus, Ali P.
   Catani, Filippo
   Tanyas, Hakan
   Frodella, William
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Lombardo, Luigi
TI Surface temperature controls the pattern of post-earthquake landslide
   activity
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; LOOSE GRANULAR DEPOSITS; SUSCEPTIBILITY
   MODELS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; THERMOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; EVENTS
   APPLICATION; EVOLUTION; FAILURE; DELINEATION; PREDICTION
AB The patterns and controls of the transient enhanced landsliding that follows strong earthquakes remain elusive. Geostatistical models can provide clues on the underlying processes by identifying relationships with a number of physical variables. These models do not typically consider thermal information, even though temperature is known to affect the hydro-mechanical behavior of geomaterials, which, in turn, controls slope stability. Here, we develop a slope unit-based multitemporal susceptibility model for the epicentral region of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake to explore how land surface temperature (LST) relates to landslide patterns over time. We find that LST can explain post-earthquake landsliding while it has no visible effect on the coseismic scene, which is dominated by the strong shaking. Specifically, as the landscape progressively recovers and landslide rates decay to pre-earthquake levels, a positive relationship between LST and landslide persistence emerges. This seems consistent with the action of healing processes, capable of restoring the thermal sensitivity of the slope material after the seismic disturbance. Although analyses in other contexts (not necessarily seismic) are warranted, we advocate for the inclusion of thermal information in geostatistical modeling as it can help form a more physically consistent picture of slope stability controls.
C1 [Loche, Marco; Scaringi, Gianvito] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Inst Hydrogeol Engn Geol & Appl Geophys, Prague, Czech Republic.
   [Yunus, Ali P.; Fan, Xuanmei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Catani, Filippo] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Padua, Italy.
   [Tanyas, Hakan; Lombardo, Luigi] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Frodella, William] Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, Florence, Italy.
C3 Charles University Prague; Chengdu University of Technology; University
   of Padua; University of Twente; University of Florence
RP Scaringi, G (corresponding author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Inst Hydrogeol Engn Geol & Appl Geophys, Prague, Czech Republic.
EM gianvito.scaringi@natur.cuni.cz
TC 45
Z9 49
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD JAN 19
PY 2022
VL 12
IS 1
AR 988
DI 10.1038/s41598-022-04992-8
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000744620600014
ER

PT J
AU Cao, C
   Zhu, KX
   Xu, PH
   Shan, B
   Yang, G
   Song, SY
AF Cao, Chen
   Zhu, Kuanxing
   Xu, Peihua
   Shan, Bo
   Yang, Guang
   Song, Shengyuan
TI Refined landslide susceptibility analysis based on InSAR technology and
   UAV multi-source data
SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Machine learning; InSAR; Field investigation;
   Multi-source data
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RIVER-BASIN; INTERFEROMETRY;
   COUNTY
AB Landslide susceptibility analysis at the regional scale is the focus of landslide risk management. To obtain more accurate and guiding significance results of landslide susceptibility, it is necessary to conduct a refined analysis on the basis of regional scale. Therefore, we proposed a refined method for landslide susceptibility assessment. This method comprehensively considered the geological and dynamic surface deformation information, and was applied in some areas of Maoxian County. We selected twelve influencing factors (elevation, slope, relief amplitude, curvature, aspect, engineering geological rock group, distance to fault, distance to river, land type, vegetation type, and topographic wetness index, rainfall) and used the traditional machine learning method for landslide susceptibility. Then, the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology was introduced to modify the unsuitable zoning of the traditional landslide susceptibility. Based on the improved landslide susceptibility mapping, field investigation and UAV models were used to verify. The results showed that the introduction of InSAR technology and UAV multi-source data can rationalize the inappropriate zoning in traditional landslide susceptibility, and landslides (L1 and L7) with very high susceptibility were identified. The field investigation and spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of typical landslides indicated that both L1 and L7 were severely damaged and in the deformation stage. L1 showed significant deformation during road con-struction. However, the deformation of L1 reacted on the pavement, resulting in many tensile cracks. The deformation of L7 was mainly affected by rainfall and presented the characteristics of seasonal variation, and the deformation was accelerated in the rainy season. Therefore, the proposed method had a better performance in landslide susceptibility and improved the accuracy. It can realize the refined analysis of landslide susceptibility in a large area and provide technical support for geological hazard susceptibility assessment and reference for disaster prevention and mitigation.
C1 [Cao, Chen; Zhu, Kuanxing; Xu, Peihua; Yang, Guang; Song, Shengyuan] Jilin Univ, Coll Construct Engn, Changchun 130026, Jilin, Peoples R China.
   [Shan, Bo] China Power Engn Consulting Grp, Northeast Elect Power Design Inst CO LTD, Jilin 130000, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Guang] Shenyang Geotech Invest & Surveying Res Inst Co Lt, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, Peoples R China.
C3 Jilin University
RP Song, SY (corresponding author), Jilin Univ, Coll Construct Engn, Changchun 130026, Jilin, Peoples R China.
EM ccao@jlu.edu.cn; zhukx21@mails.jlu.edu.cn; xuph@jlu.edu.cn;
   shanbo@nepdi.net; guangyang17@mails.jlu.edu.cn; songshengyuan@jlu.edu.cn
TC 52
Z9 54
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0959-6526
EI 1879-1786
PD SEP 25
PY 2022
VL 368
AR 133146
DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133146
EA JUL 2022
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences
   & Ecology
UT WOS:000843189400002
ER

PT J
AU Zheng, JK
   Yan, JX
   Chen, QY
   Hu, WY
   Zhao, P
   Hou, GR
   Wang, Y
AF Zheng, Jiangkun
   Yan, Junxia
   Chen, Qiyang
   Hu, Wangyang
   Zhao, Peng
   Hou, Guirong
   Wang, Yong
TI Change Characteristics of Soil Erodibility during Natural Restoration in
   an Earthquake Landslide of Southwestern China
SO FORESTS
DT Article
DE landslide; vegetation restoration; soil erodibility; spatial
   heterogeneity; Cupressus funebris forest
ID LOESS PLATEAU; EROSION; SLOPE; RAINFALL; RUNOFF; RIVER
AB Landslides caused by earthquakes bring about dramatic changes in soil erodibility. In order to understand the change characteristics of soil erodibility during a vegetation restoration period after the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, a non-landslide area, landslide area, and transition area in Leigu Town, Beichuan County were selected as research areas. Field soil sampling, geostatistics, and spatial interpolation were used to explore the spatiotemporal changes in soil physicochemical properties and soil erodibility during a natural restoration in 2013 (5 years after the earthquake) and in 2022 (14 years after the earthquake). The results showed that the comprehensive soil erodibility index (CSEI) was mainly composed of five soil factors, which were soil pH, soil total nitrogen (TN), mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), fractal dimension of soil water stable aggregates (D), and soil erodibility (K-epic). The CSEI of the landslide area was slightly lower than that of the non-landslide area. The CSEI was gradually increasing during the process of natural restoration after earthquake. From 2013 to 2022, the increase rates of the CSEI were 6.9%, 10.0%, and 41.5% for the landslide area, non-landslide area, and transition area, respectively. Along attitude segments, the spatial distribution of soil erodibility in 2022 is more uniform than that in 2013. The higher value of CSEI was located in the upper part of research areas. The spatial distribution of the CSEI in 2013 and 2022 appeared as a moderate autocorrelation. The variable ranges of CSEI in 2013 and 2022 were about 20 m. In the early stage of vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation engineering was recommended in the landslide area.
C1 [Zheng, Jiangkun; Chen, Qiyang; Hu, Wangyang; Zhao, Peng; Hou, Guirong; Wang, Yong] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm, Sichuan Prov Key Lab Ecol Forestry Engn Upper Reac, Chengdu 611130, Peoples R China.
   [Yan, Junxia] Handan Univ, Dept Geog, Handan 056005, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan Agricultural University; Handan University
RP Wang, Y (corresponding author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm, Sichuan Prov Key Lab Ecol Forestry Engn Upper Reac, Chengdu 611130, Peoples R China.
EM 13943@sicau.edu.cn; yjx_junxia@126.com; cqy0114a@163.com;
   huwangyang2024@sina.com; zach_zhao@163.com; hgralex@sicau.edu.cn;
   wangyong2015@sicau.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1999-4907
PD AUG
PY 2024
VL 15
IS 8
AR 1352
DI 10.3390/f15081352
SC Forestry
UT WOS:001306746900001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Shen, LL
   Wang, GL
AF Xu, Chong
   Shen, Lingling
   Wang, Genlong
TI Soft computing in assessment of earthquake-triggered landslide
   susceptibility
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Soft computing; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Landslide
   susceptibility assessment; Artificial neural network; Support vector
   machine
ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY
   PROCESS; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SPATIAL PREDICTION MODELS;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; DECISION TREE; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY;
   MINXIAN-ZHANGXIAN; FREQUENCY RATIO
AB This study compared two soft computing methods that are applied to soft computation in assessment of earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility: the support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). As a case study, a series of landslide susceptibility maps were constructed for the affected area of the 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian, Gansu Province, China Mw 5.9 earthquake. From data available, 2330 coseismic landslides were partitioned into two subsets which were used as a training dataset and a test dataset, respectively. In addition, other 1631 points on the map were randomly selected as non-landslide samples in those areas were not influenced by the coseismic landslides. Ten conditioning factors of landslides were considered, including elevation, relative relief, slope angle, slope aspect, slope curvature, slope position, lithology, peak ground acceleration (PGA), distance from the probable seismogenic fault, and distance along the fault. Using the ANN and SVM, ten landslide susceptibility maps were produced for the study area. Cross comparisons and validations of these ten resulting maps with real coseismic landslides show that the polynomial kernel type with a high enough polynomial degree term value (e.g., 5 or 6) of the SVM technology is most appropriate for coseismic landslide susceptibility assessment, which is a challenge to the previously held notion that the SVM method with radial basis function is the most suitable.
C1 [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, 1 Huayanli,POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong; Wang, Genlong] China Geol Survey, Xian Ctr Geol Survey, Key Lab Geohazards Loess Area, Xian, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Lingling] Beijing Meteorol Serv, Beijing Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Geological Survey; Xi'an Center, China Geological Survey; China
   Meteorological Administration; Beijing Meteorological Service, China
   Meteorological Administration
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, 1 Huayanli,POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), China Geol Survey, Xian Ctr Geol Survey, Key Lab Geohazards Loess Area, Xian, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 29
Z9 35
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD MAY
PY 2016
VL 75
IS 9
AR 767
DI 10.1007/s12665-016-5576-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000376030100044
ER

PT J
AU Ruan, HC
   Chen, HY
   Chen, XQ
   Zhao, WY
   Chen, JA
   Wang, T
   Li, X
   Yang, ZW
AF Ruan, Hechun
   Chen, Huayong
   Chen, Xiaoqing
   Zhao, Wanyu
   Chen, Jiangang
   Wang, Tao
   Li, Xiao
   Yang, Zewen
TI An investigation of discharge control in landslide dam failures
   utilizing flexible protecting nets
SO ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
DT Article
DE Dam failure; Landslide dams; Discharge control; Flexible protecting net;
   Failure analysis
ID BREAK EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; DYNAMIC DECISION-MAKING; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; JINSHA RIVER; SOIL
AB The outburst flood resulting from a landslide dam failure, commonly known as landslide dam outburst flood (LDOF), can lead to severe downstream impacts. Effective methods to prevent such catastrophic outburst floods are crucial for disaster risk reduction. This study proposes an innovative approach of using flexible protecting net (FPN) to control the outburst discharge of the landslide dam based on failure machnism. Flume experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of inflow discharges, FPN length, and the grain -size distribution of the dam on discharge control. The findings elucidated the discharge control mechanisms of the FPN and showed that: 1) the application of the FPN to the landslide dam resulted in a considerable reduction in the outburst flood hydrograph, along with a substantial decrease in peak discharge, a notable extension in the dam -break duration, and a significant increase in the residual dam height; 2) Generally, the discharge control effectiveness of the FPN improved as the inflow discharge decreased, the FPN length increased, and the mass proportion of grains exceeding the FPN aperture increased; and 3) The FPN functions by covering and obstructing dam particles, thereby, dissipating the energy of the outburst flood, finally accounting for the decrease in outburst flow. This study provides an effective method to reduce the impact of LDOF and facilitates measures for emergency disposal.
C1 [Ruan, Hechun; Chen, Huayong; Chen, Xiaoqing; Zhao, Wanyu; Chen, Jiangang; Wang, Tao; Li, Xiao; Yang, Zewen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Ruan, Hechun; Chen, Huayong; Chen, Xiaoqing; Zhao, Wanyu; Chen, Jiangang; Wang, Tao; Li, Xiao; Yang, Zewen] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Huayong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Chen, HY (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
EM hychenimde2011@163.com
TC 7
Z9 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1350-6307
EI 1873-1961
PD MAY
PY 2024
VL 159
AR 108134
DI 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.108134
EA FEB 2024
SC Engineering; Materials Science
UT WOS:001203196500001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, WJ
   Wang, L
   Cheng, K
AF Xu, Wen-Jie
   Wang, Lin
   Cheng, Kai
TI The Failure and River Blocking Mechanism of Large-Scale Anti-dip Rock
   Landslide Induced by Earthquake
SO ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Landslide; Discrete element method (DEM); Earthquake; River blocking;
   Landslide dam
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DISCRETE; MODEL; SIMULATION; YUNNAN; DEM
AB Landslide and river blocking induced by earthquakes have occurred widely in nature. The topography and geological structure of slopes have a considerable influence on the geotechnical structure of the formed landslide dam. In the Hongshiyan valley (Niulan river, Yunnan province, China), a large-scale anti-dip rock landslide was triggered by Ludian earthquake in 2014 with more than 1.36 x 10(7) m(3) of displaced rock, which formed a barrier lake with an estimated volume of 2.6 x 10(8) m(3). In relation to this example, the whole process from triggering, failure, disintegration, to landslide dam formation blocking a river is simulated using the discrete element method (DEM). For this, a 3D DEM modeling methodology of the complex landslide is proposed that includes an inversion strategy which uses laboratory tests of rock samples from the landslide to obtain the numerical parameters for the DEM. Initial investigations indicate that the weak slope base is an important internal factor resulting in the failure of the slope. During the earthquake, this part of the slope is the first to disintegrate and flow out under the upper rock mass pressure. This exposes the upper rock mass to large domains of tensile stress that eventually leads to the failure and disintegration of the upper hard rock mass. The anti-dip bedding of the slope results in a landslide dam consisting of "fine particles at the lower elevations and coarse rock blocks deposit at the higher elevations". Our model also suggests that the triggering and failure mode of the landslide may mostly depend on the external factors (such as earthquake, rainfall, and river erosion and so on), while the subsequent dynamic process of the landslide and the engineering geological structure of the landslide dam mainly depend on the geological structure of the slope, sliding distance and topography of the valley.
C1 [Xu, Wen-Jie] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Lin] Xian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Ecohydraul Northwest Arid Reg Xian, Xian 710048, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Kai] China Power Kunming Engn Corp Ltd, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University; Xi'an University of Technology
RP Xu, WJ (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM wenjiexu@tsinghua.edu.cn
TC 15
Z9 18
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI Vienna
PA Prinz-Eugen-Strasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, AUSTRIA
SN 0723-2632
EI 1434-453X
PD AUG
PY 2022
VL 55
IS 8
BP 4941
EP 4961
DI 10.1007/s00603-022-02903-x
EA MAY 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000801113800002
ER

PT J
AU Chen, KT
   Chen, XQ
   Hu, GS
   Kuo, YS
   Chen, HY
AF Chen, Kun-Ting
   Chen, Xiao-Qing
   Hu, Gui-Sheng
   Kuo, Yu-Shu
   Chen, Hua-Yong
TI Effects of river flow velocity on the formation of landslide dams
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Natural dam; Landslide; Depositional capacity of landslide debris;
   Erosive capacity of water flows
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TRAVEL DISTANCE; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; DEBRIS
   FLOWS; PREDICTION; FAILURE; BREACH; RUNOUT; TOPOGRAPHY; INITIATION
AB Natural dams are formed when landslides are triggered by heavy rainfall during extreme weather events in the mountainous areas of Taiwan. During landslide debris movement, two processes occur simultaneously: the movement of landslide debris from a slope onto the riverbed and the erosion of the debris under the action of high-velocity river flow. When the rate of landslide deposition in a river channel is higher than the rate of landslide debris erosion by the river flow, the landslide forms a natural dam by blocking the river channel. In this study, the effects of the rates of river flow erosion and landslide deposition (termed the erosive capacity and depositional capacity, respectively) on the formation of natural dams are quantified using a physics-based approach and are tested using a scaled physical model. We define a dimensionless velocity index vde as the ratio between the depositional capacity of landslide debris (vd) and the erosive capacity of water flow (ve). The experimental test results show that a landslide dam forms when landslide debris moves at high velocity into a river channel where the river-flow velocity is low, that is, the dimensionless velocity index vde > 54. Landslide debris will not have sufficient depositional capacity to block stream flow when the dimensionless velocity index vde < 47. The depositional capacity of a landslide can be determined from the slope angle and the friction of the sliding surface, while the erosive capacity of a dam can be determined using river flow velocity and rainfall conditions. The methodology described in this paper was applied to seven landslide dams that formed in Taiwan on 8 August 2009 during Typhoon Morakot, the Tangjiashan landslide dam case, and the Yingxiu-Wolong highway K24 landslide case. The dimensionless velocity index presented in this paper can be used before a rainstorm event occurs to determine if the formation of a landslide dam is possible.
C1 [Chen, Kun-Ting; Chen, Xiao-Qing; Hu, Gui-Sheng; Chen, Hua-Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Kuo, Yu-Shu] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Hydraul & Ocean Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
   [Chen, Xiao-Qing; Chen, Hua-Yong] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xiao-Qing; Chen, Hua-Yong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; National Cheng Kung University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for
   Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Kuo, YS (corresponding author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Hydraul & Ocean Engn, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
EM kuntingchen@imde.ac.cn; xqchen@imde.ac.cn; huguisheng@imde.ac.cn;
   kuoyushu@mail.ncku.edu.tw; hychen@imde.ac.cn
TC 7
Z9 9
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD NOV
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 11
BP 2502
EP 2518
DI 10.1007/s11629-018-5319-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000495245200004
ER

PT J
AU Tian, YY
   Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Chen, J
AF Tian, Yingying
   Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Chen, Jian
TI Detailed inventory mapping and spatial analyses to landslides induced by
   the 2013 Ms 6.6 Minxian earthquake of China
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Minxian Earthquake; landslide inventory; spatial analyses; landslide
   number density (LND); landslide area percentage (LAP)
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; RAINFALL; ZHANGXIAN;
   HAZARDS; PATTERN; WEIGHT; YUSHU; GIS
AB On July 22, 2013, an earthquake (Ms 6.6) occurred in Minxian, Gansu Province of China, causing a large number of landslides. Based on high resolution remote sensing images before and after this event, we made the visual interpretation to these coseismic landslides, and prepared a detailed inventory. The inventory registers totally 6 478 landslides in the study area. Of them, 3 322 landslides are larger than 100 m2. Based on 5 m resolution DEM, these landslides were used to perform spatial analyses using landslide number density (LND) and landslide area percentage (LAP). The results show that the highest LND and LAP values are in the elevation range of 2 300-2 500 m and steeper slopes. Slopes facing E, SE, S and SW directions, slopes with larger absolute curvature values, ridges, scopes of gravel beds of Late Pleistocene (Q(p)) and the VIII-degree seismic intensity are more prone to sliding with high LND and LAP values. The largest LND and LAP values are in the scopes of 0.08 and 0.24 g, respectively. According to landslide distribution, we infer that F2-2 branch of Lintan-Dangchang fault is the seismogenic fault. With the increasing distances to this branch fault and drainages, LND and LAP values tend to decrease.
C1 [Tian, Yingying; Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Tian, Yingying; Chen, Jian] China Univ Geosci, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   University of Geosciences
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xuchong@ies.ac.cn
TC 37
Z9 52
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD DEC
PY 2016
VL 27
IS 6
BP 1016
EP 1026
DI 10.1007/s12583-016-0905-z
SC Geology
UT WOS:000390033600010
ER

PT J
AU Lei, JH
   Ren, ZK
   Oguchi, T
   Zhang, PZ
   Uchiyama, S
AF Lei, Jinghao
   Ren, Zhikun
   Oguchi, Takashi
   Zhang, Peizhen
   Uchiyama, Shoichiro
TI Topographic Evolution Involving Co-Seismic Landslide, Deformation,
   Long-Term Folding and Isostatic Rebound: A Case Study on the 2004
   Chuetsu Earthquake
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE Chuetsu earthquake; topographic change; LiDAR; Differential DEM;
   denudation
ID NIIGATA PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; POSTSEISMIC
   DEFORMATION; STRESS-FIELD; FAULT SYSTEM; EROSION; REGION; GEOMETRY;
   INCISION; VOLUMES
AB Co-seismic landslide volume information is critical to understanding the role of strong earthquakes in topographic and geological evolution. The availability of both pre- and post-earthquake high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) provides us with the opportunity to develop a new approach to obtain robust landslide volume information. Here, we propose a method for landslide volume estimation and test it in the Chuetsu region, where a Mw 6.6 earthquake occurred in 2004. First, we align the DEMs by reconstructing the horizontal difference. Then, we quantitatively obtain the landslide volume in the epicentral area by differencing the pre- and post-earthquake DEMs. We convert the landslide volume into the distribution of average catchment-scale denudation and the resulting long-term crustal rebound. Our findings reveal that the Chuetsu earthquake mainly roughens the topography in the low-elevation Chuetsu region. Our results indicate that the preserved topography not only is due to the uplift caused by fault-related folding on the hanging wall of the Muikamachi fault but also undergoes erosion caused by seismically induced landslides and crustal rebound also modifies the topography in the long term. This study confirms that the differential DEM method is a valuable approach for quantitative analysis of topographic and geological evolution.
C1 [Lei, Jinghao; Ren, Zhikun] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Lei, Jinghao; Ren, Zhikun] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Oguchi, Takashi] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Space Informat Sci, Chiba 2778568, Japan.
   [Zhang, Peizhen] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China.
   [Uchiyama, Shoichiro] Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050006, Japan.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; China Earthquake Administration;
   Institute of Geology, CEA; University of Tokyo; Sun Yat Sen University;
   National Research Institute for Earth Science & Disaster Resilience
RP Ren, ZK (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Ren, ZK (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, POB 9803, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM leijh@ies.ac.cn; rzk@ies.ac.cn; oguchi@csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp;
   peizhen@ies.ac.cn; uchiyama@bosai.go.jp
TC 4
Z9 5
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD MAR
PY 2021
VL 13
IS 6
AR 1073
DI 10.3390/rs13061073
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000651983600001
ER

PT J
AU Rault, C
   Robert, A
   Marc, O
   Hovius, N
   Meunier, P
AF Rault, Claire
   Robert, Alexandra
   Marc, Odin
   Hovius, Niels
   Meunier, Patrick
TI Seismic and geologic controls on spatial clustering of landslides in
   three large earthquakes
SO EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GROUND-MOTION; AMPLIFICATION; TOPOGRAPHY;
   FAULT; TAIWAN; SLOPE; WAVES; DATABASE; VALLEY
AB The large, shallow earthquakes at Northridge, California (1994), Chi-Chi, Taiwan (1999), and Wenchuan, China (2008), each triggered thousands of landslides. We have determined the position of these landslides along hillslopes, normalizing for statistical bias. The landslide patterns have a co-seismic signature, with clustering at ridge crests and slope toes. A cross-check against rainfall-induced landslide inventories seems to confirm that crest clustering is specific to seismic triggering as observed in previous studies. In our three study areas, the seismic ground motion parameters and lithologic and topographic features used do not seem to exert a primary control on the observed patterns of landslide clustering. However, we show that at the scale of the epicentral area, crest and toe clustering occur in areas with specific geological features. Toe clustering of seismically induced landslides tends to occur along regional major faults. Crest clustering is concentrated at sites where the lithology along hillslopes is approximately uniform, or made of alternating soft and hard strata, and without strong overprint of geological structures. Although earthquake-induced landslides locate higher on hillslopes in a statistically significant way, geological features strongly modulate the landslide position along the hillslopes. As a result the observation of landslide clustering on topographic ridges cannot be used as a definite indicator of the topographic amplification of ground shaking.
C1 [Rault, Claire; Meunier, Patrick] Ecole Normale Super, Geol Lab, UMR 8538, F-75005 Paris, France.
   [Robert, Alexandra] Observ Midi Pyrenees, Geosci Environm Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
   [Marc, Odin] Univ Strasbourg, Ecole & Observ Sci Terre, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, CNRS,UMR 7516, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
   [Hovius, Niels] German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Hovius, Niels] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
C3 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - National
   Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU); Universite PSL; Ecole
   Normale Superieure (ENS); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse
   III - Paul Sabatier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
   (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU);
   Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de
   Strasbourg; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German
   Research Center for Geosciences; University of Potsdam
RP Rault, C (corresponding author), Ecole Normale Super, Geol Lab, UMR 8538, F-75005 Paris, France.
EM claire.rault@ens.fr
TC 27
Z9 32
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 2196-6311
EI 2196-632X
PD SEP 2
PY 2019
VL 7
IS 3
BP 829
EP 839
DI 10.5194/esurf-7-829-2019
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000484141900003
ER

PT J
AU Zheng, H
   Ding, MT
   Huang, T
   He, YF
   Gao, ZM
   Duan, Y
AF Zheng, Hao
   Ding, Mingtao
   Huang, Tao
   He, Yufeng
   Gao, Zemin
   Duan, Yu
TI Integrating the frequency ratio and index of entropy with an extreme
   learning machine to map post-earthquake landslide susceptibility: a case
   study in Xingwen County, China
SO STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility mapping; Hybrid methods; Machine learning;
   Surface deformation; Earthquake
ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; C-BAND SAR; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL PREDICTION; HIERARCHY PROCESS; NEURAL-NETWORKS;
   MAPPING UNITS; DECISION TREE; 3 GORGES
AB In recent years, earthquakes have been frequent near Xingwen County in southwestern China, where frequent landslides have continued to increase in the aftermath of earthquakes, causing severe infrastructure damage and economic losses. Therefore, tools to assess and map post-earthquake landslide susceptibility have become indispensable in today's society. This study aims to integrate machine learning (ML) and statistical models to assess post-earthquake landslide susceptibility. We first established comprehensive framework by introducing surface deformation information as a seismic factor. The multicollinearity among the landslide condition factors (LCFs) was then assessed using the pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). The PCC values showed that only the altitude difference is redundant among all the LCFs. Finally, we integrated the Frequency Ratio (FR) and Index of Entropy (IoE) with the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) to evaluate the post-earthquake landslide susceptibility. The results calculated by IoE revealed that the slope, elevation, plan curvature, lithology, and distance to fault are the essential causative factors for landslides. The final landslide susceptibility maps demonstrate that between 32.9% and 38.7% of the study area has high and very high landslide susceptibility. The values of several parameters proved that the hybrid FR-ELM and IoE-ELM models demonstrated superior performance compared to FR, IoE, and ELM. Thus, compared to the independent model, the hybrid model proposed in this study is more capable of identifying actual landslide areas due to its improved accuracy.
C1 [Zheng, Hao; Ding, Mingtao; Huang, Tao; He, Yufeng; Gao, Zemin; Duan, Yu] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Ding, MT (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
EM mingtaoding@swjtu.edu.cn
TC 6
Z9 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1436-3240
EI 1436-3259
PD OCT
PY 2025
VL 39
IS 10
BP 4749
EP 4771
DI 10.1007/s00477-024-02833-w
EA OCT 2024
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:001337704700002
ER

PT J
AU Rao, EM
   Xiao, Y
   Ouyang, ZY
   Zheng, H
AF Rao Enming
   Xiao Yi
   Ouyang Zhiyun
   Zheng Hua
TI Changes in ecosystem service of soil conservation between 2000 and 2010
   and its driving factors in southwestern China
SO CHINESE GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE
DT Article
DE soil conservation; ecosystem service; Sloping Land Conversion Program
   (SLCP); ecological restoration; urbanization; southwestern China
ID LOESS PLATEAU; RAIN-FOREST; LAND-USE; URBANIZATION; IMPACTS;
   REHABILITATION; RESTORATION; POLICIES; EROSION; RUBBER
AB Human activities significantly alter ecosystems and their services; however, quantifying the impact of human activities on ecosystems has been a great challenge in ecosystem management. We used the Universal Soil Loss Equation and county-level socioeconomic data to assess the changes in the ecosystem service of soil conservation between 2000 and 2010, and to analyze its spatial characteristics and driving factors in the southwestern China. The results showed that cropland in the southwestern China decreased by 3.74%, while urban land, forest, and grassland areas increased by 46.78%, 0.86%, and 1.12%, respectively. The soil conservation increased by 1.88 x 10(11) kg, with deterioration only in some local areas. The improved and the degraded areas accounted for 6.41% and 2.44% of the total land area, respectively. Implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Program and urbanization explained 57.80% and 23.90% of the variation in the soil conservation change, respectively, and were found to be the main factors enhancing soil conservation. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was one of the factors that led to the degradation of soil conservation. Furthermore, industrial adjustment, by increasing shares of Industry and Service and reducing those of Agriculture, has also promoted soil conservation. Our results quantitatively showed and emphasized the contributions to soil conservation improvement made by implementing ecological restoration programs and promoting urbanization. Consequently, these results provide basic information to improve our understanding of the effects of ecological restoration programs, and help guide future sustainable urban development and regional industrial restructuring.
C1 [Rao Enming; Xiao Yi; Ouyang Zhiyun; Zheng Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Rao Enming] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Research Center for Eco-Environmental
   Sciences (RCEES), CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Xiao, Y (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM xiaoyi@rcees.ac.cn
TC 33
Z9 44
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1002-0063
EI 1993-064X
PD APR
PY 2016
VL 26
IS 2
BP 165
EP 173
DI 10.1007/s11769-015-0759-9
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000372238400004
ER

PT J
AU Tang, CX
   Tang, J
   van Westen, CJ
   Han, JN
   Mavrouli, O
   Tang, C
AF Tang, Chenxiao
   Tang, Jing
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Han, Jiannan
   Mavrouli, Olga
   Tang, Chuan
TI Modeling landslide failure surfaces by polynomial surface fitting
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; Landslide volume estimation; Failure surface; Slipfitter
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; LIDAR DATA; RAINFALL; VOLUME;
   MOBILITY; EROSION
AB Estimating landslide volume based on pre- and post-event elevation models without detailed field investigations is still a major challenge due to hidden failure surfaces. A MATLAB model named "SLIPMTER" was developed to model failure surfaces using polynomial surface to lit the geometry of exposed scarps extracted from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). To test our model, a series of analog experiments were designed to acquire data for model testing in a controlled environment. The test indicates the only option to simulate failure surfaces with only remotely sensed data, is to assume that the failure surface was outcropping at the toe of slopes. It is not possible to model landslides that do not reach the bottom of slopes without survey data. Using the assumption, the model was tested on real landslides, showing its capability of modeling for multiple landslides over an area in a single simulation, and the possibility to predict potential failure surfaces from a reported crack. The major limitations of the model include the high requirement for the input DEM quality, the incapability to consider underlying bedrock structures, and the difficulty of simulating landslides with complex movements. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tang, Chenxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazard & Environm, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chenxiao; van Westen, Cees J.; Han, Jiannan; Mavrouli, Olga] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Tang, Jing] Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Geosci & Technol, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; University of Twente; Southwest Petroleum University;
   Chengdu University of Technology
RP Tang, CX (corresponding author), Rennin South Rd 9, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Tang, J (corresponding author), Xindu Ave 8, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM c.tang@imde.ac.cn; 351185609@qq.com
TC 7
Z9 8
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29a, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD NOV 1
PY 2020
VL 368
AR 107358
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107358
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000571733700006
ER

PT J
AU Liu, XM
   Su, PC
   Li, Y
   Xu, R
   Zhang, J
   Yang, TQ
   Guo, XJ
   Jiang, N
AF Liu, Xuemei
   Su, Pengcheng
   Li, Yong
   Xu, Rui
   Zhang, Jun
   Yang, Taiqiang
   Guo, Xiaojun
   Jiang, Ning
TI Spatial Patterns and Scaling Distributions of Earthquake-Induced
   Landslides-A Case Study of Landslides in Watersheds Along
   Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE earthquake landslide; hot spot analysis; frequency curve; scaling
   distribution; spatial pattern
ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MOUNTAIN BELT; FREQUENCY; MAGNITUDE; SEDIMENT;
   DATABASE
AB Earthquake-induced landslide has various spatial characteristics that can be effectively described with the frequency-area curve. Nevertheless, the widely used power-law curve does not reflect well the spatial features of the distribution, and the power exponent does not show the association with the background factors. There is a lack of standards for building the relationship, and its implication on the spatial distribution of landslides has never been analyzed. In this study, we propose a new form of frequency distribution and explore the parameters in the typical watersheds along the highway from Dujiangyan to Wenchuan in the Wenchuan earthquake region. The obtained parameters are related to the landslide density and proportions of the large-scale landslides. Furthermore, a hot spot analysis of landslides in the watersheds is conducted to assess the relationship between the parameters and the spatial cluster patterns of landslides. The hot spots highlight the size and distance of landslide areas that cluster together, whereas the distribution parameters reflect the density and proportions of landslides. This research introduces a new method to analyze the distribution of landslides and their association with the spatial features, which can be applied to the landslide distribution in relation to other influential factors.
C1 [Liu, Xuemei; Su, Pengcheng; Li, Yong; Zhang, Jun; Yang, Taiqiang; Guo, Xiaojun; Jiang, Ning] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Xuemei; Su, Pengcheng; Li, Yong; Zhang, Jun; Yang, Taiqiang; Guo, Xiaojun; Jiang, Ning] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Xuemei; Xu, Rui] Sichuan Earthquake Adm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; China Earthquake Administration; Sichuan
   Earthquake Agency, CEA
RP Su, PC; Li, Y (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Su, PC; Li, Y (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM supengcheng@imde.ac.cn; ylie@imde.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 5
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD JUN 8
PY 2021
VL 9
AR 659152
DI 10.3389/feart.2021.659152
SC Geology
UT WOS:000664066700001
ER

PT J
AU Pope, EL
   Heijnen, MS
   Talling, PJ
   Jacinto, RS
   Gaillot, A
   Baker, ML
   Hage, S
   Hasenhündl, M
   Heerema, CJ
   McGhee, C
   Ruffell, SC
   Simmons, SM
   Cartigny, MJB
   Clare, MA
   Dennielou, B
   Parsons, DR
   Peirce, C
   Urlaub, M
AF Pope, Ed L.
   Heijnen, Maarten S.
   Talling, Peter J.
   Jacinto, Ricardo Silva
   Gaillot, Arnaud
   Baker, Megan L.
   Hage, Sophie
   Hasenhundl, Martin
   Heerema, Catharina J.
   McGhee, Claire
   Ruffell, Sean C.
   Simmons, Stephen M.
   Cartigny, Matthieu J. B.
   Clare, Michael A.
   Dennielou, Bernard
   Parsons, Daniel R.
   Peirce, Christine
   Urlaub, Morelia
TI Carbon and sediment fluxes inhibited in the submarine Congo Canyon by
   landslide-damming
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
DT Article
ID ORGANIC-CARBON; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHANNEL SYSTEM;
   RIVER SEDIMENT; BENGAL FAN; EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; SEA; MARGIN
AB Landslide-dams, which are often transient, can strongly affect the geomorphology, and sediment and geochemical fluxes, within subaerial fluvial systems. The potential occurrence and impact of analogous landslide-dams in submarine canyons has, however, been difficult to determine due to a scarcity of sufficiently time-resolved observations. Here we present repeat bathymetric surveys of a major submarine canyon, the Congo Canyon, offshore West Africa, from 2005 and 2019. We show how an similar to 0.09 km(3) canyon-flank landslide dammed the canyon, causing temporary storage of a further similar to 0.4 km(3) of sediment, containing similar to 5 Mt of primarily terrestrial organic carbon. The trapped sediment was up to 150 m thick and extended >26 km up-canyon of the landslide-dam. This sediment has been transported by turbidity currents whose sediment load is trapped by the landslide-dam. Our results suggest canyon-flank collapses can be important controls on canyon morphology as they can generate or contribute to the formation of meander cut-offs, knickpoints and terraces. Flank collapses have the potential to modulate sediment and geochemical fluxes to the deep sea and may impact efficiency of major submarine canyons as transport conduits and locations of organic carbon sequestration. This has potential consequences for deep-sea ecosystems that rely on organic carbon transported through submarine canyons.
C1 [Pope, Ed L.; Talling, Peter J.; Baker, Megan L.; Heerema, Catharina J.; Ruffell, Sean C.; Cartigny, Matthieu J. B.; Peirce, Christine] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
   [Pope, Ed L.; Talling, Peter J.; Baker, Megan L.; Heerema, Catharina J.; Ruffell, Sean C.; Cartigny, Matthieu J. B.; Peirce, Christine] Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, England.
   [Heijnen, Maarten S.; Clare, Michael A.] Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Heijnen, Maarten S.] Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Jacinto, Ricardo Silva; Gaillot, Arnaud; Dennielou, Bernard] IFREMER Ctr Brest, Marine Geosci Unit, Plouzane, France.
   [Hage, Sophie] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada.
   [Hage, Sophie] Univ Brest, Geoocean, IFREMER, CNRS, Plouzane, France.
   [Hasenhundl, Martin] TU Wien, Inst Hydraul Engn & Water Resources Management, Vienna, Austria.
   [Heerema, Catharina J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Geog, Victoria, BC, Canada.
   [McGhee, Claire] Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
   [Simmons, Stephen M.; Parsons, Daniel R.] Univ Hull, Energy & Environm Inst, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England.
   [Urlaub, Morelia] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany.
C3 Durham University; Durham University; NERC National Oceanography Centre;
   University of Southampton; University of Southampton; NERC National
   Oceanography Centre; Ifremer; Universite Paris Cite; University of
   Calgary; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ifremer;
   Universite de Bretagne Occidentale; Technische Universitat Wien;
   University of Victoria; Newcastle University - UK; University of Hull;
   Helmholtz Association; GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel
RP Pope, EL (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.; Pope, EL (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, England.
EM edward.pope@durham.ac.uk
TC 22
Z9 23
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 1752-0894
EI 1752-0908
PD OCT
PY 2022
VL 15
IS 10
BP 845
EP +
DI 10.1038/s41561-022-01017-x
EA SEP 2022
SC Geology
UT WOS:000863134400001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, NS
   Chen, ML
   Li, J
   He, N
   Deng, MF
   Tanoli, JI
   Cai, M
AF Chen, Ningsheng
   Chen, Mingli
   Li, Jun
   He, Na
   Deng, Mingfeng
   Tanoli, Javed Iqbal
   Cai, Ming
TI Effects of human activity on erosion, sedimentation and debris flow
   activity - A case study of the Qionghai Lake watershed, southeastern
   Tibetan Plateau, China
SO HOLOCENE
DT Article
DE China; debris flow; erosion sedimentation; human impacts; Qionghai Lake
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; HUMAN IMPACTS; BASIN;
   RATES; SWITZERLAND; SOUTHWEST; PATTERNS; SOIL
AB We report the results of a study of the Qionghai Lake watershed, located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, designed to investigate the effects of human activity on changes in soil erosion intensity, debris flow activity and lacustrine sedimentation. The results indicate that the mean denudation rate of the watershed was about 0.82mm/yr during the Holocene. However, since 1952, the rate has increased to 1.82mm/yr, accompanied by a greatly increased sedimentation rate in Qionghai Lake. The increased denudation rate was accompanied by increases in population and the related intensified exploitation of land resources, including deforestation and an increase in the area of cultivated land. In addition, the increasing rate of denudation and lacustrine sedimentation is closely linked to the increased frequency of flooding and debris flows in the watershed. Based on our results, we estimate that the longevity of Qionghai Lake is about 1200years in the case of natural evolution; however, this is reduced to 540years in the context of continued intensive human activity in the region. These findings are important for the mitigation of mountain hazards such as debris flows and for the promotion of sustainable economic development in the Qionghai Lake area. They also provide a basis for obtaining an improved estimate of changes in denudation rate on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
C1 [Chen, Ningsheng; Li, Jun; He, Na; Deng, Mingfeng; Tanoli, Javed Iqbal] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Mingli] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cai, Ming] Laurentian Univ, Bharti Sch Engn, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Sichuan University; Laurentian University
RP Chen, NS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM chennsh@imde.ac.cn
TC 30
Z9 41
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0959-6836
EI 1477-0911
PD JUN
PY 2015
VL 25
IS 6
BP 973
EP 988
DI 10.1177/0959683615574893
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000354861200008
ER

PT J
AU Li, X
   Chen, Q
   Zhao, CH
   Zhou, C
   Wang, C
   Zhang, QJ
AF Li, Xing
   Chen, Qun
   Zhao, Chang-hong
   Zhou, Cheng
   Wang, Chen
   Zhang, Qian-jing
TI Depositing Characteristics of Landslide Dams and Advances in the Model
   Test for Seepage Failure
SO POLISH JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
DT Review
DE landslide dam; particle composition; depositing characteristics; seepage
   failure; model test
ID ENTROPY-BASED CRITERIA; 2017 XINMO LANDSLIDE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   SICHUAN; STABILITY; EROSION; MECHANISMS; MAOXIAN; CHINA; RIVER
AB Landslide dam is one of the main types of barrier dams, whose structure is loose and stability is poor. Once seepage failure occurs, it will threaten the life and property safety of downstream people. The particle composition and depositing characteristics of the dam are key influence factors in evaluating the seepage safety of landslide dams, which are also the primary considerations to carry out model tests. Based on previous studies, combined with the results of field investigations and indoor model tests, the depositing characteristics of landslide dams and advances in model tests for seepage failure are summarized, and the existing problems are discussed. Results show that the depositing characteristics of the landslide dam are related to the lithology of landslides, sliding path, bank slope structure, etc. The failure modes and processes of landslide dams are varied from depositing characteristics, particle size compositions to hydraulic conditions. For the landslide dams with high permeability zones, their failure can be attributed to the progressive cycle of piping and downstream dam slope collapse. While designing a model test, experimenters should not only consider the dynamic flow similarity but also determine the particle size distribution of the dam soils according to the relationship between particle size and particle movement. Finally, it is proved that the grading entropy can comprehensively reflect the gradation characteristics of the landslide dam as well as the change in gradation in the fine particle erosion process, which can be used to predict the permeability and internal stability of dam particles. Combined with other information, the failure mode and process of landslide dam can be predicted. The research results can provide references for the experimental research of landslide dam.
C1 [Li, Xing; Chen, Qun; Zhao, Chang-hong; Zhou, Cheng; Wang, Chen; Zhang, Qian-jing] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University
RP Chen, Q (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM chenqun@scu.edu.cn
TC 6
Z9 6
PU HARD
PI OLSZTYN 5
PA POST-OFFICE BOX, 10-718 OLSZTYN 5, POLAND
SN 1230-1485
EI 2083-5906
PY 2022
VL 31
IS 6
BP 5495
EP 5509
AR 2022-10-13
DI 10.15244/pjoes/151601
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000965435500003
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, L
   Chen, LR
   Wei, T
   Cui, SH
   Sun, PH
   Luo, LG
   Liang, YF
AF Zhu, Ling
   Chen, Liran
   Wei, Tao
   Cui, Shenghua
   Sun, Pinghe
   Luo, Luguang
   Liang, Yufei
TI Numerical investigation on the seismically induced progressive failure
   of the 2017 Xinmo landslide in China
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
DE Xinmo landslide; Multiple earthquakes; Deformation accumulation;
   Incremental damage
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FLUCTUATIONS; MECHANISM;
   MAOXIAN; SICHUAN
AB The Xinmo landslide, a catastrophic event that claimed 10 lives and left 73 people missing, occurred in an active tectonic zone on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Although it is widely recognized that multiple earthquakes in the region have historically inflicted severe damage on the slope, there has been a lack of quantitative investigation into the slope's deformation and damage processes under repeated seismic events. In this study, we examined the response, deformation, and fracture processes of the Xinmo slope under multiple earthquakes through a series of numerical simulations. Our findings reveal that repeated earthquakes cause an amplification of slope acceleration, strain, and stress amplitudes, leading to the progressive accumulation of deformation and cracking in slopes at increasingly faster rates. The observed stress amplification in the phyllite layer, attributed to incompatible deformation, significantly contributes to the intensive development of seismic cracks. Additionally, the incremental damage and deformation caused by each earthquake are strongly influenced by pre-existing damage. The accumulation of earthquake-induced residual stresses in locked segment is a major factor in accelerating its buckling deformation. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating earthquake-induced cumulative damage into landslide stability and hazard assessments.
C1 [Zhu, Ling; Sun, Pinghe] Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Info Phys, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Ling; Chen, Liran] Geophys & Geochem Survey Inst Hunan Prov, Hunan Prov Key Lab Geochem Proc & Resource Environ, Changsha 410014, Hunan, Peoples R China.
   [Wei, Tao] China Machinery Int Engn Design & Res Inst Co Ltd, Changsha 410021, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Shenghua; Liang, Yufei] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Luguang] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Earth Sci & Spatial Informat Engn, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University; Chengdu University of Technology; Hunan
   University of Science & Technology
RP Zhu, L (corresponding author), Cent South Univ, Sch Geosci & Info Phys, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.; Zhu, L (corresponding author), Geophys & Geochem Survey Inst Hunan Prov, Hunan Prov Key Lab Geochem Proc & Resource Environ, Changsha 410014, Hunan, Peoples R China.; Cui, SH (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM zhuling.geo@csu.edu.cn; cuishenghua18@cdut.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD OCT 23
PY 2025
VL 15
IS 1
AR 37039
DI 10.1038/s41598-025-20937-3
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:001600507300044
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Wang, YS
   Luo, YH
   Liang, RF
   Li, J
   Xie, LL
AF Zhao, Bo
   Wang, Yunsheng
   Luo, Yonghong
   Liang, Ruifeng
   Li, Jia
   Xie, Lili
TI Large landslides at the northeastern margin of the Bayan Har Block,
   Tibetan Plateau, China
SO ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE large landslide; typical characteristics; control factors; northeastern
   margin of the Bayan Har Block
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CAUSATIVE FACTORS; SICHUAN PROVINCE; RIVER-BASIN;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; SCALE
AB Large landslides (volume greater than or equal to 10(6) m(3)) usually have disastrous consequences and clearly influence the evolution of the local landscape. In this study, a detailed investigation of large landslides, across 20 towns over an area of 5000 km(2), was carried out on the northeastern margin of the Bayan Har Block, at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China. The results show that there are 129 large landslides in this area. Among them, 79 landslides have volumes within 10(6)-10(7) m(3), 52 landslides have volumes within 10(7)-10(8) m(3) and 2 landslides have volumes larger than 10(8) m(3). Most of these landslides are distributed along rivers, and more than 32% are densely concentrated in three small regions. The landslides mainly occur in high slopes and exhibit obvious sturzstrom characteristics. Analysis of the factors controlling landslide occurrence shows that elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, lithology, faults and rivers (valley) clearly influence landslide occurrence, while rainfall has no obvious influence. Earthquakes are considered an important trigger of and contributor to landslide occurrence.
C1 [Zhao, Bo; Wang, Yunsheng; Luo, Yonghong; Li, Jia; Xie, Lili] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Liang, Ruifeng] Powerchina Kunming Engn Corp Ltd, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Wang, YS (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM wangys60@163.com
TC 10
Z9 12
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 2054-5703
PD JAN
PY 2019
VL 6
IS 1
AR 180844
DI 10.1098/rsos.180844
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000465430600015
ER

PT J
AU Intrieri, E
   Raspini, F
   Fumagalli, A
   Lu, P
   Del Conte, S
   Farina, P
   Allievi, J
   Ferretti, A
   Casagli, N
AF Intrieri, Emanuele
   Raspini, Federico
   Fumagalli, Alfio
   Lu, Ping
   Del Conte, Sara
   Farina, Paolo
   Allievi, Jacopo
   Ferretti, Alessandro
   Casagli, Nicola
TI The Maoxian landslide as seen from space: detecting precursors of
   failure with Sentinel-1 data
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide; SAR interferometry; Monitoring; Early warning; Sentinel-1
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SAR; INTERFEROMETRY; SCATTERERS; PREDICTION;
   SATELLITE
AB Post-event Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) analysis on a stack of 45 C-band SAR images acquired by the ESA Sentinel-1 satellites from 9 October 2014 to 19 June 2017 allowed the identification of a clear precursory deformation signal for the Maoxian landslide (Mao County, Sichuan Province, China). The landslide occurred in the early morning of 24 June 2017 and killed more than 100 people in the village of Xinmo. Sentinel-1 images have been processed through an advanced multi-interferogram analysis capable of maximising the density of measurement points, generating ground deformation maps and displacement time series for an area of 460 km(2) straddling the Minjiang River and the Songping Gully. InSAR data clearly show the precursors of the slope failure in the source area of the Maoxian landslide, with a maximum displacement rate detected of 27 mm/year along the line of sight of the satellite. Deformation time series of measurement points identified within the main scarp of the landslide exhibit an acceleration starting from April 2017. A detailed time series analysis leads to the classification of different deformation behaviours. The Fukuzono method for forecasting the time of failure appear to be applicable to the displacement data exhibiting progressive acceleration. Results suggest that satellite radar data, systematically acquired over large areas with short revisiting time, could be used not only as a tool for mapping unstable areas, but also for landslide monitoring, at least for some typologies of sliding phenomena.
C1 [Intrieri, Emanuele; Raspini, Federico; Casagli, Nicola] Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, Via G La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy.
   [Fumagalli, Alfio; Del Conte, Sara; Allievi, Jacopo; Ferretti, Alessandro] TRE ALTAMIRA, Ripa di Porta Ticinese 79, I-20143 Milan, Italy.
   [Lu, Ping] Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Farina, Paolo] Univ Florence, Geoapp Srl, Largo E Fermi 2, I-50125 Florence, Italy.
C3 University of Florence; Tongji University; University of Florence
RP Raspini, F (corresponding author), Univ Florence, Dept Earth Sci, Via G La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy.
EM federico.raspini@unifi.it
TC 333
Z9 381
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JAN
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 1
BP 123
EP 133
DI 10.1007/s10346-017-0915-7
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000419461100010
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Li, WL
   Wang, YS
   Lu, JY
   Li, X
AF Zhao, Bo
   Li, Weile
   Wang, Yunsheng
   Lu, Jiayan
   Li, Xiang
TI Landslides triggered by the Ms 6.9 Nyingchi earthquake, China (18
   November 2017): analysis of the spatial distribution and occurrence
   factors
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Nyingchi Ms 6; 9 earthquake; Landslides; Spatial distribution; Tibet
   China
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TIBET; SUSCEPTIBILITY; AFTERSHOCKS; SICHUAN; LUSHAN
AB On 18 November 2017, a magnitude Ms. 6.9 (Mw 6.4) earthquake struck Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, which is located in the famous Grand Canyon region of the Yarlung Zangbo River in the eastern Himalayas, Tibet. The Nyingchi event was a thrusting event, with a focal depth of 12km at 29.87 degrees N and 95.02 degrees E. According to emergency investigations and remote sensing, the Nyingchi event triggered at least 1820 co-seismic landslides. The landslides mainly occurred in the Grand Canyon region within an area of 527km(2) (the inner area of Namcha Barwa tectonic node). The landslide distribution characterises an obvious hanging wall effect and is classified as small concentration region and large landslide distribution area. The failure patterns mainly consist of rock falls, rock avalanches, and deposit failures. One co-seismic landslide partially blocked the Yarlung Zangbo River, and the barrier lake remained. Different influencing factors, such as the seismic fault, river, slope aspect, slope angle, rocks, and elevation, have different influences on landslide occurrences, and the co-seismic landslides in the hanging wall area and footwall area present obviously different characteristics. Additionally, the post-earthquake effect impacted the recent Sedongpu landslide.
C1 [Zhao, Bo; Li, Weile; Wang, Yunsheng; Lu, Jiayan; Li, Xiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Wang, YS (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM wangys60@163.com
TC 75
Z9 80
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD APR
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 4
BP 765
EP 776
DI 10.1007/s10346-019-01146-2
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000463099000008
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, Y
   Peng, M
   Cai, S
   Zhang, LM
AF Zhu, Yan
   Peng, Ming
   Cai, Shuo
   Zhang, Limin
TI Risk-Based Warning Decision Making of Cascade Breaching of the
   Tangjiashan Landslide Dam and Two Smaller Downstream Landslide Dams
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE landslide dam; cascade dam breaching; risk assessment; warning; decision
   making
ID BREAK EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MITIGATION MEASURES;
   PART 1; FAILURE; MODEL
AB Mega earthquakes or serious rainfall storms often cause crowded landslides in mountainous areas. A large part of these landslides are very likely blocking rivers and forming landslide dams in series along rivers. The risks of cascading failure of landslide dams are significantly different from that of a single dam. This paper presented the work on risk-based warning decision making on cascading breaching of the 2008 Tangjiashan landslide dam and two small downstream landslide dams in a series along Tongkou River. The optimal decision was made by achieving minimal expected total loss. Cascade breaching of a series of landslide dams is more likely to produce a multi-peak flood. When the coming of the breaching flood from the upstream dam perfectly overlaps with the dam breaching flood of the downstream dam, a higher overlapped peak flood would occur. When overlapped peak flood occurs, the flood risk would be larger and evacuation warning needs to be issued earlier to avoid serious life loss and flood damages. When multi-peak flood occurs, people may be misled by the warning of the previous peak flood and suddenly attacked by the peak flood thereafter, incurring catastrophic loss. Systematical decision making needs to be conducted to sufficiently concern the risk caused by each peak of the breaching flood. The dam failure probability P-f linearly influences the expected life loss and flood damage but does not influence the evacuation cost. The expected total loss significantly decreases with P-f when the warning time was insufficient. However, it would not change much with P-f when warning time is sufficient.
C1 [Zhu, Yan; Peng, Ming] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Yan; Peng, Ming] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Yan] China Shipbldg NDRI Engn Co Ltd, Shanghai Res Ctr Ocean & Shipbldg Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
   [Cai, Shuo] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Comp & Commun Engn, Changsha, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Limin] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Changsha University of Science &
   Technology; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Peng, M (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai, Peoples R China.; Peng, M (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai, Peoples R China.; Cai, S (corresponding author), Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Comp & Commun Engn, Changsha, Peoples R China.
EM pengming@tongji.edu.cn; caishuo@csust.edu.cn
TC 6
Z9 8
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD MAY 3
PY 2021
VL 9
AR 648919
DI 10.3389/feart.2021.648919
SC Geology
UT WOS:000651061100001
ER

PT J
AU Hu, M
   Liu, QQ
   Wu, F
   Yu, MT
   Jiang, SH
AF Hu, Man
   Liu, Qiuqiang
   Wu, Fei
   Yu, Mengting
   Jiang, Shenghua
TI GIS Enabled SPH-Soil Modeling for the Post-Failure Flow of Landslides
   Under Seismic Loadings
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS
DT Article
DE Landslide; smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH); earthquake; geographic
   information system (GIS)
ID PENETRATION; ALGORITHM; HYDRODYNAMICS; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE;
   SIMULATION; FAILURE
AB Landslide can usually be induced by a strong earthquake, and it causes very serious property damage and human casualties. Modeling of post-failure flow of landslides is one of the important approaches that can be used to simulate landslide flow developments and predict the landslide hazard zone. In this paper, a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model based on the constitution of elastic-plastic constitutive mechanics for soil has been developed for simulating the behavior of a class of geo-materials under the seismic loadings. Our SPH-Soil model considers the plastic behavior of the materials, and hence it is very important for more accurate and realistic simulations of geo-materials of soil type. The implemented materials laws in the SPH-Soil code include classical elastic-plasticity with a linear elastic part, and different applicable yield surfaces with nonassociated flow rules. In order to apply this model to actual landslide modeling the Geographic Information System (GIS) is utilized to generate site-specific models. We have thus developed a C# code to generate the particles of a given landslide site, which produces realistic particle mass and actual complicated boundaries for the SPH-Soil model. With GIS enabled, complex topography and irregular boundary can be accurately and easily built up. Then the SPH-Soil code has been applied to the well-known Daguangbao landslide, which was triggered by Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The topographies after failure were compared with that obtained from field collected data and good agreement was found.
C1 [Hu, Man; Wu, Fei; Yu, Mengting; Jiang, Shenghua] Southwest Univ, Coll Engn & Technol, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Qiuqiang] Minist Land & Resources China, Consultat Ctr Geohazard Emergency, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University - China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the
   People's Republic of China
RP Hu, M (corresponding author), Southwest Univ, Coll Engn & Technol, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China.
EM humanyyyes@126.com
TC 13
Z9 13
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE
SN 0219-8762
EI 1793-6969
PD SEP
PY 2018
VL 15
IS 6
AR 1850046
DI 10.1142/S0219876218500469
SC Engineering; Mathematics
UT WOS:000443894800004
ER

PT J
AU Croissant, T
   Lague, D
   Steer, P
   Davy, P
AF Croissant, Thomas
   Lague, Dimitri
   Steer, Philippe
   Davy, Philippe
TI Rapid post-seismic landslide evacuation boosted by dynamic river width
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ALPINE FAULT EARTHQUAKE; NEW-ZEALAND; SOUTHERN
   ALPS; EROSION; SEDIMENT; MODEL; CONSEQUENCES; SEISMICITY; EVOLUTION
AB Mass wasting caused by large-magnitude earthquakes chokes mountain rivers with several cubic kilometres of sediment. The timescale and mechanisms by which rivers evacuate small to gigantic landslide deposits are poorly known, but are critical for predicting post-seismic geomorphic hazards, interpreting the signature of earthquakes in sedimentary archives and deciphering the coupling between erosion and tectonics. Here, we use a new 2D hydro-sedimentary evolution model to demonstrate that river self-organization into a narrower alluvial channel overlying the bedrock valley dramatically increases sediment transport capacity and reduces export time of gigantic landslides by orders of magnitude compared with existing theory. Predicted export times obey a universal non-linear relationship of landslide volume and pre-landslide valley transport capacity. Upscaling these results to realistic populations of landslides shows that removing half of the total coarse sediment volume introduced by large earthquakes in the fluvial network would typically take 5 to 25 years in various tectonically active mountain belts, with little impact of earthquake magnitude and climate. Dynamic alluvial channel narrowing is therefore a key, previously unrecognized mechanism by which mountain rivers rapidly digest extreme events and maintain their capacity to incise uplifted rocks.
C1 [Croissant, Thomas; Lague, Dimitri; Steer, Philippe; Davy, Philippe] Univ Rennes 1, Geosci Rennes, OSUR, CNRS, Campus Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France.
C3 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Rennes
   2; Universite de Rennes
RP Croissant, T (corresponding author), Univ Rennes 1, Geosci Rennes, OSUR, CNRS, Campus Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France.
EM thomas.croissant@univ-rennes1.fr
TC 98
Z9 103
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
EI 1752-0908
PD SEP
PY 2017
VL 10
IS 9
BP 680
EP +
DI 10.1038/NGEO3005
SC Geology
UT WOS:000409229600016
ER

PT J
AU Jiang, Q
   Chan, D
   Xiong, J
   Cui, YF
   Dong, JH
   Li, SJ
AF Jiang, Quan
   Chan, Dava
   Xiong, Jun
   Cui, Yifei
   Dong, Jianhua
   Li, Shaojun
TI Back analysis of a debris landslide based on a real-time video
   recording: sliding process and post-slide investigation
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Debris landslide; Video analysis; Sliding process; Failure mechanism;
   Sliding destructiveness
ID FAILURE; SLOPES; MODELS
AB A real-time video recording of the 2008 landslide in Nanmu, China is analyzed to reveal information regarding the format, velocity, post-failure characteristics and destructiveness of the slide. This recording indicates that the failure proceeded in three stages. Back analysis has found that colluvial deposits (residual slope deposits and cemented colluvial deposits) in a weakly cemented form were the internal factor that contributed to the failure, and that damage resulting from the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and focused rainstorms were the external contributing factors. A field investigation showed that the destructiveness of the slide involved integral pushing damage to the base of man-made structures and damage to buildings from the impact of rolling gravel. In the 5 years following the Nanmu landslide, the local landscape has evolved further with sporadic individual rock falls or local collapses along the sliding bed and boundary. Corresponding prevention practices for the secondary disasters have demonstrated that the combined measures, including the removal of accumulated gravel, installation of a passive prevention net on the sliding bed, construction of an underground diversion culvert and a retaining wall, have been extremely effective and economical during the past 5 years.
C1 [Jiang, Quan; Li, Shaojun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Quan; Chan, Dava; Xiong, Jun; Cui, Yifei; Dong, Jianhua] Univ Alberta, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan Institute of Rock & Soil Mechanics,
   CAS; University of Alberta
RP Jiang, Q (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.; Jiang, Q (corresponding author), Univ Alberta, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada.
EM qjiang@whrsm.ac.cn
TC 9
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD MAY
PY 2016
VL 75
IS 2
BP 647
EP 658
DI 10.1007/s10064-015-0831-9
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000375603100016
ER

PT J
AU Xiang, MS
   Yang, J
   Yang, WNA
   Wang, CJ
   Duan, LS
AF Xiang, Mingshun
   Yang, Jin
   Yang, Wunian
   Wang, Chunjian
   Duan, Linsen
TI Remote sensing dynamic monitoring of eco-water (layer) conservation
   spatiotemporal variation in earthquake stricken areas
SO DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
DT Article
DE Eco-water (layer); Remote sensing inversion model; Wenchuan earthquake;
   Ecological restoration; Dynamic change
ID HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; VEGETATION; RUNOFF; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; QUALITY
AB Water is the major guarantee for ecological restoration and a virtuous ecological cycle. This study is based on spatial information processing technology and mathematical modeling. The results demonstrate that the overall trend in regional modulus of eco-water conservation (MEC) and quantity of eco-water conservation (QEC) was dropped dramatically and then gradually increased from 2007 to 2017. The restoration process of eco-water conservation capacity cannot match both in time and space. Moreover, there are significant differences in MEC between different land types. Serious destruction of forestland are the leading factors of the 14.27% decrease in MEC of the study area after earthquake. Besides, there is an apparently positive correlation between MEC distribution and slope changes on the whole (p < 0.05), so the earthquake has the greatest impact on MEC if the surface slope is between 15 degrees and 35 degrees. Furthermore, the average MEC in areas below 3,000 m above sea level is higher than in other areas, and the MEC reduction rate after the earthquake is 31.85% higher than the areas above 3,000 m. In addition, the disturbance of MEC around faults was more often than that in other areas.
C1 [Xiang, Mingshun; Yang, Jin; Wang, Chunjian; Duan, Linsen] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Tourism & Urban Rural Planning, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Wunian; Wang, Chunjian] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Earth Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Wunian] Chengdu Univ Technol, Minist Land & Resources, Key Lab Geosci Spatial Informat Technol, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Chengdu University of Technology; Ministry of Natural Resources of the
   People's Republic of China
RP Xiang, MS (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Tourism & Urban Rural Planning, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM xiangmingshun19@cdut.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA
SN 1944-3994
EI 1944-3986
PD APR
PY 2021
VL 219
BP 276
EP 286
DI 10.5004/dwt.2021.26881
SC Engineering; Water Resources
UT WOS:000651077800036
ER

PT J
AU Sun, Q
   Zhang, L
   Ding, X
   Hu, J
   Li, ZW
   Zhu, JJ
AF Sun, Q.
   Zhang, L.
   Ding, Xl
   Hu, J.
   Li, Z. W.
   Zhu, J. J.
TI Slope deformation prior to Zhouqu, China landslide from InSAR time
   series analysis
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslide; Zhouqu County; Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
   (InSAR); ALOS/PALSAR; Phase ramp correction; Slope displacements
ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SMALL BASE-LINE; SAR INTERFEROMETRY;
   PERMANENT SCATTERERS; DISPLACEMENT-FIELDS; DENALI FAULT; EARTHQUAKE;
   SUBSIDENCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CALIFORNIA
AB A major landslide in Zhouqu, China occurred on August 8, 2010 and caused widespread damage and over 1700 casualties. We study the deformation of the slopes over a time period of about three years prior to the landslide by an enhanced StaMPS-SB technique with 16 ascending ALOS/PALSAR images. In particular, the orbit error and stratified troposphere that were not well dealt with in the original StaMPS-SB method have been satisfactorily corrected by a novel phase ramp correction method. The deformation in four regions of the study area has been retrieved with a maximum of up to 70 mm/yr. In the Luojiayu-Sanyanyu valley, the slopes where the 2010 giant landslide occurred have been found to be quite unstable before the event. Deformation exceeding 30 mm/yr has been detected in the Suoertou slope, which is a well-known place for an ancient fault zone landslide. Fast movement larger than 40 mm/yr is observed in the Xieliupo slope, which poses threats of landslide dam and dammed lake to the Pal-lung River together with another slope deformation detected in the opposite slope. In the Nanshanqiaotou slope, the detected similar to 30 mm/yr deformation can be viewed as the prelude of the large landslide occurred in October 2010. More important, it is found that the slope deformation time series has strong correlation with the precipitation in the area as well as with the devastating Wenchuan earthquake that occurred in May 2008 whose epicenter is about 300 km away from Zhouqu. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sun, Q.; Hu, J.; Li, Z. W.; Zhu, J. J.] Cent S Univ, Sch Geosci & Infophys, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
   [Sun, Q.; Zhang, L.; Ding, Xl; Hu, J.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University; Hong Kong Polytechnic University
RP Zhang, L (corresponding author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM lslzhang@polyu.edu.hk
TC 169
Z9 200
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA
SN 0034-4257
EI 1879-0704
PD JAN
PY 2015
VL 156
BP 45
EP 57
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.09.029
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000347579900005
ER

PT J
AU Liu, LY
   Wu, YH
   Zuo, ZL
   Chen, ZC
   Wang, XX
   Zhang, WJ
AF Liu, Liangyun
   Wu, Yanhong
   Zuo, Zhengli
   Chen, Zhengchao
   Wang, Xingxing
   Zhang, Wenjuan
TI Monitoring and assessment of barrier lakes formed after the Wenchuan
   earthquake based on multitemporal remote sensing data
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE barrier lakes; airborne remote sensing; Wenchuan earthquake; Longmen
   Mountain fault zone
ID LANDSLIDE DAMS
AB The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, triggered many secondary disasters, among which the barrier lakes formed by landslides were extremely serious. We monitored the number and spatial distribution of the barrier lakes in the earthquake-hit area from ADS40 airborne images, which covered areas of about 23,700 km(2). The results showed that there were 51 barrier lakes in the monitored area; among these, 10 were large-scale lakes and 14 were middle-sized lakes. The barrier lakes were distributed along the Longmen Mountain fault from the northeast to southwest direction. We used the dimensionless blockage index (DBI) to assess the potential risk of the barrier lakes. A small DBI value indicated a stable barrier lake, but the lake might have a higher risk with potential accumulative secondary disasters. Our study emphasized the monitoring and analysis of the high-risk Tangjiashan Barrier Lake from the multitemporal ADS40 airborne images acquired on May 16, 19, 23, and 27. We found that the water level at this barrier lake reached 66 m within 15 days after the barrier lake was formed, and the reservoir storage capacity reached 1.2 x 10(8) m(3) with an increase of 8 x 10(6) m(3) of water per day. Therefore, it faced a very real and urgent risk of dam break and overflow, considering the predicted storm rainfall and the continuous aftershocks. According to the analysis results, airborne remote sensing demonstrated the advantages of being intelligent, being able to maneuver, and providing high resolution. These advantages allowed us to quickly monitor and assess the distribution and dynamic changes of the barrier lakes in the earthquake-hit region using multitemporal airborne remote sensing images.
C1 [Liu, Liangyun; Wu, Yanhong; Zuo, Zhengli; Chen, Zhengchao; Wang, Xingxing; Zhang, Wenjuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences
RP Liu, LY (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
TC 10
Z9 11
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1931-3195
PD MAY 26
PY 2009
VL 3
AR 031665
DI 10.1117/1.3153915
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000271878700007
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YB
   Yang, HT
   Lin, JF
   Xu, PY
   Liu, J
   Zeng, Y
   Fu, HY
   Yu, HH
   He, YY
AF Zhang, Yingbin
   Yang, Haotian
   Lin, Jianfeng
   Xu, Peiyi
   Liu, Jing
   Zeng, Ying
   Fu, Haiying
   Yu, Haihong
   He, Yunyong
TI Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-induced landslide by using
   back-propagation neural network in the Southwest mountainous area of
   China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility; Back-propagation neural
   network; Influencing factor weight; Leave-one-out cross-validation;
   Southwest China
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; REAL-TIME PREDICTION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION;
   OCCURRENCE PROBABILITY; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   MODEL; PATTERN
AB Earthquake-induced landslides are destructive and hazardous geological disasters, and mountainous areas are prone to earthquakes. Therefore, it is essential to establish an earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility prediction model with good accuracy, robustness, and generalization capability for the southwestern mountainous areas of China. In this study, the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0, 2010 Yushu Ms 7.1, 2013 Ya'an Ms 7.0, 2014 Ludian Ms 6.5, 2017 Jiuzhaigou Ms 7.0, and 81,513 landslide sites were analyzed. Thirteen influencing factors were selected: PGA, elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, fault type, distance to faults, distance to rivers, NDVI, TWI, lithology, land cover type, and distance to road. Weight and spatial distribution analyses were also performed. Based on a backpropagation (BP) neural network, a regional earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility prediction model was constructed for southwest China. Various methods have been used to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The results showed that the model had excellent prediction accuracy and applicability and that the AUC, accuracy, recall, F1-score, and precision of the model could be stabilized at approximately 0.9. The inclusion of more landslide events in the model can further improve its accuracy and robustness. The constructed model was applied to the fault intersection area, and it was found that most of the actual landslides fell in the predicted medium-high susceptibility area. The research results can enrich the theory of earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility assessment and provide valuable information regarding the location of landslide-prone areas for rapid post-earthquake emergency response in Southwest China.
C1 [Zhang, Yingbin; Yang, Haotian; Lin, Jianfeng; Xu, Peiyi; Liu, Jing; Zeng, Ying; Fu, Haiying] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Yu, Haihong] CREC Sichuan Ecoc Investment Co Ltd, Chengdu 620562, Peoples R China.
   [He, Yunyong] Sichuan Highway Planning Design & Res Inst Ltd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Yang, HT (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM 976077543@qq.com
TC 7
Z9 9
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD MAY
PY 2024
VL 83
IS 5
AR 187
DI 10.1007/s10064-024-03687-w
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001206725200003
ER

PT J
AU Chen, W
   Pourghasemi, HR
   Panahi, M
   Kornejady, A
   Wang, JL
   Xie, XS
   Cao, SB
AF Chen, Wei
   Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza
   Panahi, Mahdi
   Kornejady, Aiding
   Wang, Jiale
   Xie, Xiaoshen
   Cao, Shubo
TI Spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility using an adaptive
   neuro-fuzzy inference system combined with frequency ratio, generalized
   additive model, and support vector machine techniques
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide spatial modeling; ANFIS-FR; GAM; SVM; China
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DATA-MINING TECHNIQUES; REMOTE-SENSING DATA;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; DECISION TREE; RANDOM
   FOREST; GIS; AREA; BIVARIATE
AB The spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility is an important prerequisite for the analysis of landslide hazards and risks inany area. This research uses three data mining techniques, such as an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system combined with frequency ratio (ANFIS-FR), a generalized additive model (GAM), and a support vector machine (SVM), for landslide susceptibility mapping in Hanyuan County,. China. In the first step, in accordance with a review of the previous literature, twelve conditioning factors, including slope aspect, altitude, slope angle, topographic wetness index (TWI), plan curvature, profile curvature, distance to rivers, distance to faults, distance to roads, land use, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and lithology, were selected. In the second step, a collinearity test and correlation analysis between the conditioning factors and landslides were applied. In the third step, we used three advanced methods, namely, ANFIS-FR, GAM, and SVM, for landslide susceptibility modeling. Subsequently, the results of their accuracy were validated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. The results showed that all three models have good prediction capabilities, while the SVM model has the highest prediction rate of 0.875, followed by the ANFIS-FR and GAM models with prediction rates of 0.851 and 0.846, respectively. Thus, the landslide susceptibility maps produced in the study area can be applied for management of hazards and risks in landslide-prone Hanyuan County. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, Wei; Wang, Jiale; Xie, Xiaoshen] Xian Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Geol & Environm, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Wei] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Shandong Prov Key Lab Deposit Mineralizat & Sedim, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China.
   [Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza] Shiraz Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Engn, Coll Agr, Shiraz, Iran.
   [Panahi, Mahdi] Islamic Azad Univ, North Tehran Branch, Dept Geophys, Young Researchers & Elites Club, Tehran, Iran.
   [Kornejady, Aiding] Gorgon Univ Agr Sci & Nat Resources, Dept Watershed Management Engn, Gorgon, Iran.
   [Cao, Shubo] Sichuan Inst Nucl Geol, 35 Huaguan Rd, Chengdu 610052, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Xi'an University of Science & Technology; Shandong University of Science
   & Technology; Shiraz University; Islamic Azad University; Gorgan
   University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources
RP Pourghasemi, HR (corresponding author), Shiraz Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Engn, Coll Agr, Shiraz, Iran.
EM hr.pourghasemi@shirazu.ac.ir
TC 240
Z9 253
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD NOV 15
PY 2017
VL 297
BP 69
EP 85
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.09.007
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000414818800005
ER

PT J
AU Wang, YF
   Cheng, QG
   Zhu, Q
AF Wang, Yu-feng
   Cheng, Qian-gong
   Zhu, Qi
TI Surface microscopic examination of quartz grains from rock avalanche
   basal facies
SO CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL
DT Article
DE rock avalanche basal facies; quartz grain surface textures; scanning
   electron microscopy (SEM) analysis; dynamic fragmentation; self-excited
   vibration; overburden pressure
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS-FLOW; DYNAMIC FRAGMENTATION;
   BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LANDSLIDES; SIZE; MICROTEXTURES; ROCKSLIDE;
   SIMULATION; MOTION
AB The Wenchuan earthquake, which occurred on 12 May 2008, triggered many rock avalanches that presented abundant fractured surface textures. The surface textures of the rock avalanche clasts bear abundant characteristic signatures that are significant for understanding the mechanical behavior of rock avalanche dynamic fragmentation. To study this mechanism of rock avalanche basal facies further, two large rock avalanches were investigated using microscopic surface texture examination of quartz grains sampled from their basal facies with a scanning electron microscope. After the morphological and statistical analyses of the surface textures on the quartz grains, the following features are noted: (i) surface textures on the quartz grains are all fresh, with obvious irregular shapes and very sharp edges; (ii) the display of brittle fractures, including conchoidal fractures, step fractures, concavities, and V depressions or marks, is very common; (iii) cracks or fissures are also visible on the quartz grains. The display of these features reveals that a brittle fracturing process occurred during the formation of these surface textures on the quartz grains, indicating the existence of a high-stress history suffered by the particles in the basal facies. Hence, by the mechanical analysis of the formation of these surface textures, the authors propose that both the overburden pressure and the self-excited vibration energized by the undulated slip surface may play dominant roles in the occurrence of the particle dynamic fragmentation in the basal facies.
C1 [Wang, Yu-feng; Cheng, Qian-gong; Zhu, Qi] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Qian-gong] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Cheng, QG (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM chengqiangong@home.swjtu.edu.cn
TC 48
Z9 59
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0008-3674
EI 1208-6010
PD FEB
PY 2015
VL 52
IS 2
BP 167
EP 181
DI 10.1139/cgj-2013-0284
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000349233400004
ER

PT J
AU Park, I
   Lee, S
AF Park, Inhye
   Lee, Saro
TI Spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility using a decision tree
   approach: a case study of the Pyeongchang area, Korea
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODELS; EVIDENTIAL BELIEF FUNCTION; 2008 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; HOA BINH PROVINCE; FREQUENCY RATIO;
   STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; ASTER IMAGERY; GIS; HAZARD
AB A decision tree approach was applied and validated for analysis of landslide susceptibility using a geographic information system (GIS). The study area was the Pyeongchang area in Gangwon Province, Korea, where many landslides occurred in 2006 and where the 2018 Winter Olympics are to be held. Spatial data, such as landslides, topography, and geology, were detected, collected, and compiled in a database using remote sensing and GIS. The 3994 recorded landslide locations were randomly split 50/50 for training and validation of the models. A decision tree model, which is a type of data-mining classification model, was applied and decision trees were constructed using the chi-squared (chi(2)) automatic interaction detector (CHAID) and the quick, unbiased, and efficient statistical tree (QUEST) algorithms. Also, as a reference, a frequency-ratio model was applied using the same database. The relationships between the detected landslide locations and their factors were identified and quantified by frequency-ratio and decision tree models. The relationships were used as factor ratings in the overlay analysis to create landslide susceptibility indices and maps. Then, the resulting landslide-susceptibility maps were validated using area-under-the-curve (AUC) analysis with the landslide area data that had not been used for training the model. The decision tree models using the CHAID and QUEST algorithms had accuracies of 81.56% and 80.91%, respectively, which were somewhat better than the results for the frequency-ratio model (80.15%). These results indicate that decision tree models using the CHAID and QUEST algorithms can be useful for landslide susceptibility analysis.
C1 [Park, Inhye] Univ Seoul, Dept Geoinformat, Seoul 130743, South Korea.
   [Lee, Saro] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources KIGAM, Geol Mapping Dept, Taejon 305350, South Korea.
C3 University of Seoul; Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources
   (KIGAM)
RP Lee, S (corresponding author), Korea Univ Sci & Technol, Taejon 305350, South Korea.
EM leesaro@kigam.re.kr
TC 51
Z9 60
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
PY 2014
VL 35
IS 16
BP 6089
EP 6112
DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.943326
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000342298200010
ER

PT J
AU Bhuyan, K
   Meena, SR
   Nava, L
   van Westen, C
   Floris, M
   Catani, F
AF Bhuyan, Kushanav
   Meena, Sansar Raj
   Nava, Lorenzo
   van Westen, Cees
   Floris, Mario
   Catani, Filippo
TI Mapping landslides through a temporal lens: an insight toward
   multi-temporal landslide mapping using the u-net deep learning model
SO GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE Multi-temporal; deep learning; U-net; Himalayan; landslide inventories
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; INVENTORY; BASIN
AB Repeated temporal mapping of landslides is essential for investigating changes in landslide movements, legacy effects of the landslide triggering events, and susceptibility changes in the area. However, in order to perform such investigations, multi-temporal (MT) inventories of landslides are required. The traditional approach of visual interpretation from cloud-free optical remote sensing imageries is time consuming and expensive. Recent endeavors exploring Convolutional Neural Networks and deep learning models have made rapid and accurate mapping of landslides feasible but have not been applied for multi-temporal landslide mapping in the Himalayas, yet. Earlier models used a standard supervised learning approach, with a small landslide inventory over a limited area used for training, which is then utilized to predict landslides in nearby areas. We propose a new strategy, using geographically separate training samples to design a standard approach which can be utilized to create multi-temporal landslide inventories. RapidEye images of 5-meters spatial resolution are used to generate MT landslide inventories in the study area of Rasuwa district, Nepal. We test the effectiveness of the model by training with only 55 landslides and predicting for a different area. Then, using the weights attained from this first training phase, we use transfer learning to map landslides over a time period between 2013 and 2019 in the Rasuwa district attaining an average F1-score of 0.69 for the study area. We also perform a spatial comparison between the manual (observed) and predicted inventories to evaluate the differences between landslide densities and overall landslide statistics of landslide area distribution. The benefit of a transfer learning-based model training is that it circumvents the need for generating annual inventories for training a deep learning. A single event-based inventory is enough to generate landslide inventories over a number of years, at least until landslide conditioning factors do not change significantly. This application can enable automated workflows to generate MT landslide inventories of particular areas as the basis for landslide evolution and movement change analysis.
C1 [Bhuyan, Kushanav; Meena, Sansar Raj; Nava, Lorenzo; Floris, Mario; Catani, Filippo] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Machine Intelligence & Slope Stabil Lab, Padua, Italy.
   [Bhuyan, Kushanav; Meena, Sansar Raj; van Westen, Cees] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Ctr Disaster Resilience, Dept Appl Earth Sci, Enschede, Netherlands.
C3 University of Padua; University of Twente
RP Meena, SR (corresponding author), Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Machine Intelligence & Slope Stabil Lab, Padua, Italy.; Meena, SR (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Ctr Disaster Resilience, Dept Appl Earth Sci, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM s.r.meena@utwente.nl
TC 23
Z9 25
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1548-1603
EI 1943-7226
PD DEC 31
PY 2023
VL 60
IS 1
AR 2182057
DI 10.1080/15481603.2023.2182057
SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
UT WOS:000948627500001
ER

PT J
AU He, K
   Li, YJ
   Ma, GT
   Hu, XW
   Liu, B
   Ma, ZG
   Xu, ZP
AF He, Kun
   Li, Yongjian
   Ma, Guotao
   Hu, Xiewen
   Liu, Bo
   Ma, Zhigang
   Xu, Zepeng
TI Failure mode analysis of post-seismic rockfall in shattered mountains
   exemplified by detailed investigation and numerical modelling
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Shattered mountain; Structural control; Geomorphological control;
   Rainfall; Miansi post-seismic rockfall
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CATASTROPHIC DEBRIS FLOWS; 2017 XINMO
   LANDSLIDE; FORMATION MECHANISM; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; SLOPE FAILURE;
   SICHUAN; IMPACTS; MAOXIAN; AREA
AB A high-position destructive rockfall, significantly influenced by post-seismic effect of Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and associated aftershocks, was reported in Miansi Town of Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China. About 3,000 m(3)of rock at high position detached from a dipping rocky slope, which manifested as a translational motion. Detailed field investigation, geological mapping, kinematic analysis, and numerical modelling are presented to comprehensively analyze the complex failure mode of the post-seismic rockfall. The results demonstrated that the sliding surfaces are mainly controlled by the internal shear discontinuity sets. The backscarps are progressively evolved from the tensile cracks at rear slopes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake. Because of the combination effect of heavily shocks of previous earthquake and local geomorphology of the rockfall with beneficial for facilitating the magnification effect on peak ground acceleration (PGA), the rock mass of slopes is dramatically damaged and fractured. The original intact slopes finally developed to the shattered slopes as an optimum birthplace for the post-seismic rockfalls. It should be noticed that intensive precipitation plays a triggering factor that generates the hydrostatic water pressure in the rear cracks and the uplift pressure at the bottom sliding surface within a short time. The evolution processes are divided into three stages: slope relaxation stage, rock shattering and disaggregation stage, and high-speed falling stage. Velocities, energy, and bounce heights of falling rock blocks are computed by the RocPro3D software for understanding the corresponding kinematics. The paper can provide an insight into post-seismic rockfalls in the tectonic areas associated with the combination of seismic activities and intense rainfall.
C1 [He, Kun; Ma, Guotao; Hu, Xiewen; Liu, Bo; Xu, Zepeng] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Yongjian; Ma, Zhigang] Sichuan Inst Land & Space Ecol Restorat & Geol Ha, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Xiewen] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Engn Lab Combined Natl & Local Spatial Informat T, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Li, YJ (corresponding author), Sichuan Inst Land & Space Ecol Restorat & Geol Ha, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM hekun429@126.com; 462821124@qq.com; maguotao46@yahoo.com;
   huxiewen@163.com; liubogeology@gmail.com; 18149262@qq.com;
   1782961644@qq.com
TC 40
Z9 46
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JAN
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 1
BP 425
EP 446
DI 10.1007/s10346-020-01532-1
EA SEP 2020
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000571056800001
ER

PT J
AU Ali, MZ
   Chen, KJ
   Shafique, M
   Adnan, M
   Zheng, ZW
   Zhang, W
   Qing, ZH
AF Ali, Muhammad Zeeshan
   Chen, Kejie
   Shafique, Muhammad
   Adnan, Muhammad
   Zheng, Zhiwen
   Zhang, Wei
   Qing, Zhanhui
TI High-resolution landslide mapping and susceptibility assessment:
   Landslide temporal variations and vegetation recovery
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Landslide Inventory; Logistic Regression; Landslide susceptibility
   Mapping; Causative Factors; NDVI; Transportation Network
ID ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FREQUENCY
   RATIO; SATELLITE DATA; RANDOM FOREST; PROCESS AHP; GIS
AB In mountainous terrains, the frequent landslides and their associated impacts on human lives and the economy is increasing globally. Development of landslide inventory and afterward landslide susceptibility mapping are the main prerequisites for implementing landslide mitigation measures and protection in mountainous regions. The 2005 Kashmir earthquake induced different small and large landslides and some were active for the long term. So far many studies have used medium and high-resolution data to develop landslide inventory. This study aims to develop a 1st detailed, comprehensive and accurate landslide inventory using a very high-resolution image using a semi-automatic technique. The precise landslide inventory is employed to develop an accurate and comprehensive landslide susceptibility map considering the landslide inventory data using a logistic regression training model. Furthermore, the landslide's temporal recovery from the earthquake and its reactivation due to rainfall in spare vegetation areas have been evaluated. Fine-resolution satellite images of Worldview-2 are applied to develop a detailed landslide inventory using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. A total of 63,630 landslides were identified using a semi-automatic technique within a study area of 265 km2. 2 . From regression modeling, the results show that geology, topography, and road networks have a significant impact on the spatial distribution of landslides. Model performance was evaluated based on the testing data, the model gives an AUC of 0.93 and the kappa value of 0.9353. The spatiotemporal NDVI has been assessed to identify the landslide recovery and its reactivation due to extreme rainfall. The results show that 72.1 % of the landslides occurred in Muzaffarabad formation in the study area. The developed landslide susceptibility map can be further used for land-use planning and implementing mitigation measures for the safety of roads and other infrastructure in the area. (c) 2024 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
C1 [Ali, Muhammad Zeeshan; Chen, Kejie] South Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
   [Shafique, Muhammad] Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Geol, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan.
   [Adnan, Muhammad] Air Univ, Fac Comp & AI, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
   [Zheng, Zhiwen; Zhang, Wei; Qing, Zhanhui] Guangdong Prov Geol Environm Monitoring Stn, Guangzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Shafique, Muhammad] Natl Ctr GIS & Space Applicat NCGSA, GIS & Space Applicat Geosci Lab G SAG, Islamabad, Pakistan.
C3 Southern University of Science & Technology; University of Peshawar; Air
   University Islamabad
RP Chen, KJ (corresponding author), South Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
EM chenkj@sustech.edu.cn
TC 9
Z9 10
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
EI 1879-1948
PD OCT 15
PY 2024
VL 74
IS 8
BP 3668
EP 3690
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2024.06.048
EA SEP 2024
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
UT WOS:001309714300001
ER

PT J
AU Kritikos, T
   Robinson, TR
   Davies, TRH
AF Kritikos, Theodosios
   Robinson, Tom R.
   Davies, Tim R. H.
TI Regional coseismic landslide hazard assessment without historical
   landslide inventories: A new approach
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
DT Article
DE coseismic landslides; fuzzy logic; hazard; GIS; ground shaking
   intensity; topography
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED SLIDING
   DISPLACEMENTS; TIME-PROBABILISTIC EVALUATION; COMPREHENSIVE AREAL MODEL;
   SLOPE INSTABILITY; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; GROUND MOTION; ALPINE FAULT;
   SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY
AB Currently, regional coseismic landslide hazard analyses require comprehensive historical landslide inventories as well as detailed geotechnical data. Consequently, such analyses have not been possible where these data are not available. A new approach is proposed herein to assess coseismic landslide hazard at regional scale for specific earthquake scenarios in areas without historical landslide inventories. The proposed model employs fuzzy logic and geographic information systems to establish relationships between causative factors and coseismic slope failures in regions with well-documented and substantially complete coseismic landslide inventories. These relationships are then utilized to estimate the relative probability of landslide occurrence in regions with neither historical landslide inventories nor detailed geotechnical data. Statistical analyses of inventories from the 1994 Northridge and 2008 Wenchuan earthquakes reveal that shaking intensity, topography, and distance from active faults and streams are the main controls on the spatial distribution of coseismic landslides. Average fuzzy memberships for each factor are developed and aggregated to model the relative coseismic landslide hazard for both earthquakes. The predictive capabilities of the models are assessed and show good-to-excellent model performance for both events. These memberships are then applied to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, using only a digital elevation model, active fault map, and isoseismal data, replicating prediction of a future event in a region lacking historic inventories and/or geotechnical data. This similarly results in excellent model performance, demonstrating the model's predictive potential and confirming it can be meaningfully applied in regions where previous methods could not. For such regions, this method may enable a greater ability to analyze coseismic landslide hazard from specific earthquake scenarios, allowing for mitigation measures and emergency response plans to be better informed of earthquake-related hazards.
C1 [Kritikos, Theodosios; Robinson, Tom R.; Davies, Tim R. H.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
C3 University of Canterbury
RP Kritikos, T (corresponding author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
EM theo.kritikos@gmail.com
TC 114
Z9 122
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
PD APR
PY 2015
VL 120
IS 4
BP 711
EP 729
DI 10.1002/2014JF003224
SC Geology
UT WOS:000354385200004
ER

PT J
AU Serey, A
   Sepúlveda, SA
   Murphy, W
   De Pascale, GP
   Petley, DN
AF Serey, Alejandra
   Sepulveda, Sergio A.
   Murphy, William
   De Pascale, Gregory P.
   Petley, David N.
TI A revised comprehensive inventory of landslides induced by the 2007
   Aysén earthquake, Patagonia
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslides; Shallow crustal earthquake; Comprehensive
   inventory; Fjord Ays & eacute;n; Patagonia
ID DARFIELD CANTERBURY; NEW-ZEALAND; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEPTEMBER 2010;
   AYSEN FJORD; CHILE; DEFORMATION; PATTERN; VOLCANISM; MODEL
AB Strong earthquakes in Chile are often associated with cascading hazards, such as ground shaking, liquefaction, tsunamis, and coseismic landslides. This study set recommendations for preparing earthquake-induced landslide inventories and developing and reporting an updated comprehensive earthquake-triggered landslides inventory of the 2007 Mw 6.2 shallow crustal Ays & eacute;n earthquake. 781 landslides were re-mapped over a total area of c.1,350 km2, based on unified earthquake-triggered landslide mapping criteria. The total landslide volume is c. 122.3 Mm3. 18% of earthquake-induced landslides were concentrated within 0-1 km of seismic faults, and 55% within 0-5 km. In addition, 53% of the landslides started in the upper quarter of the slope, while over 86% started in the upper half, which suggests that larger ground motions due to topographic site effects influenced the triggering of landslides during the shallow crustal earthquake. Hence, the distance to the rupture plane of faults is a first-order factor in the distribution of landslides together with topographic amplification site effects.
C1 [Serey, Alejandra; Sepulveda, Sergio A.; De Pascale, Gregory P.] Univ Chile, Dept Geol, Santiago, Chile.
   [Serey, Alejandra; Sepulveda, Sergio A.] Univ OHiggins, Inst Engn Sci, Rancagua, Chile.
   [Sepulveda, Sergio A.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
   [Murphy, William] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, England.
   [De Pascale, Gregory P.] Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Sch Engn & Nat Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland.
   [Petley, David N.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield, England.
   [Petley, David N.] Univ Hull, Kingston Upon Hull, England.
C3 Universidad de Chile; Universidad de O'Higgins; Simon Fraser University;
   University of Leeds; University of Iceland; University of Sheffield;
   University of Hull
RP Serey, A (corresponding author), Univ Chile, Dept Geol, Santiago, Chile.; Serey, A (corresponding author), Univ OHiggins, Inst Engn Sci, Rancagua, Chile.
EM Alejandra.serey@gmail.com; sergio_sepulveda@sfu.ca;
   W.Murphy@leeds.ac.uk; gregoryp@hi.is; D.N.Petley@hull.ac.uk
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD MAR
PY 2025
VL 84
IS 3
AR 142
DI 10.1007/s10064-024-04057-2
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001427068700003
ER

PT J
AU Huang, KH
   Liu, W
   Xu, MZ
   He, SM
   Cui, YF
   Wang, ZY
AF Huang, Kehan
   Liu, Wei
   Xu, Mengzhen
   He, Siming
   Cui, Yifei
   Wang, Zhaoyin
TI Application of artificial step-pools in natural hazard mitigation
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Step -pools; Channel incision; Debris flow; Hazard mitigation;
   Restoration project
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RIVER INCISION; CHANNEL; IMPACT; RESTORATION;
   MORPHOLOGY; STABILITY; EVOLUTION; MODELS
AB The step-pool is a representative riverbed structure that is highly effective in increasing flow resistance and dissipating flow energy. Well-designed artificial step-pools can control channel incision, improve riverbed sta-bility, and further mitigate natural hazards. In this study, step-pools following the characteristics of natural step -pools in terms of their geomorphology and energy dissipation are designed and applied to mitigate channel incision and debris flow, in a small watershed where riverbed structures are poorly developed and landslides and massive debris flow have occurred frequently as a result of channel incision. The jamming ratio of the step-pools is mostly less than 6.0, and the SP values, i.e., the development degree of riverbed are over 0.1, and these values are increased significantly compared with the original values, guaranteeing the stability of the constructed steps. Field investigation indicated that the artificial step-pools experienced little adjustment and generally remained stable during the flood season. The constructed steps caused a decreasing trend in deposition downstream, and achieved the expected effects in natural hazard mitigation effects by reducing and transferring the debris flows to hyper-concentrated flows and eventually to normal flood flows. Therefore, the stable step-pools effectively suppressed massive sediment movements, with 69.3% of the loose sediment eroded from the water erosion zone being trapped in the step-pool reach, which promoted uplift of the channel bed. Numerical simulation of debris flows reveals that the maximum kinetic energy of debris flow was reduced by about 27 % with the artificial step -pools compared to the pre-construction condition. The scientific findings and practical applications concerning the use of artificial step-pools could provide guidance for natural hazard mitigation in mountainous areas at the small watershed scale.
C1 [Huang, Kehan; Xu, Mengzhen; Cui, Yifei; Wang, Zhaoyin] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Wei; He, Siming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain
   Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Xu, MZ (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM mzxu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
TC 11
Z9 12
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD JAN 1
PY 2023
VL 220
AR 106658
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106658
EA SEP 2022
PN A
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000936931100001
ER

PT J
AU Gallen, SF
   Clark, MK
   Godt, JW
AF Gallen, Sean F.
   Clark, Mann K.
   Godt, Jonathan W.
TI Coseismic landslides reveal near-surface rock strength in a high-relief,
   tectonically active setting
SO GEOLOGY
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EROSION
AB We present quantitative estimates of near-surface rock strength relevant to landscape evolution and landslide hazard assessment for 15 geologic map units of the Longmen Shan, China. Strength estimates are derived from a novel method that inverts earthquake peak ground acceleration models and coseismic landslide inventories to obtain material properties and landslide thickness. Aggregate rock strength is determined by prescribing a friction angle of 30 degrees and solving for effective cohesion. Effective cohesion ranges are from 70 kPa to 107 kPa for 15 geologic map units, and are approximately an order of magnitude less than typical laboratory measurements, probably because laboratory tests on hand-sized specimens do not incorporate the effects of heterogeneity and fracturing that likely control near-surface strength at the hillslope scale. We find that strength among the geologic map units studied varies by less than a factor of two. However, increased weakening of units with proximity to the range front, where precipitation and active fault density are the greatest, suggests that climatic and tectonic factors overwhelm lithologic differences in rock strength in this high-relief tectonically active setting.
C1 [Gallen, Sean F.; Clark, Mann K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Godt, Jonathan W.] US Geol Survey, Landslide Hazards Program, Nat Hazards Miss Area, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
C3 University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; United States
   Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey
RP Gallen, SF (corresponding author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
TC 88
Z9 100
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
EI 1943-2682
PD JAN
PY 2015
VL 43
IS 1
BP 11
EP 14
DI 10.1130/G36080.1
SC Geology
UT WOS:000352018600005
ER

PT J
AU Li, Y
   Ming, DP
   Zhang, L
   Niu, YY
   Chen, YY
AF Li, Yan
   Ming, Dongping
   Zhang, Liang
   Niu, Yunyun
   Chen, Yangyang
TI Seismic Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Newmark Displacement
   Based on a Dual-Channel Convolutional Neural Network
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslide; landslide susceptibility assessment; convolutional neural
   network (CNN); Newmark; earthquake
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; MODEL;
   MOTION
AB Landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA) is an essential tool for landslide hazard warning. The selection of earthquake-related factors is pivotal for seismic LSA. In this study, Newmark displacement (Dn) is employed as the earthquake-related factor, providing a detailed representation of seismic characteristics. On the algorithmic side, a dual-channel convolutional neural network (CNN) model is built, and the last classification layer is replaced with two machine learning (ML) models to facilitate the extraction of deeper features related to landslide development. This research focuses on Beichuan County in Sichuan Province, China. Fifteen landslide predisposing factors, including hydrological, geomorphic, geological, vegetation cover, anthropogenic, and earthquake-related features, were extensively collected. The results demonstrate some specific issues. Dn outperforms conventional earthquake-related factors such as peak ground acceleration (PGA) and Arias intensity (Ia) in capturing seismic influence on landslide development. Under the same conditions, the OA improved by 5.55% and AUC improved by 0.055 compared to the PGA; the OA improved by 3.2% and AUC improved by 0.0327 compared to the Ia. The improved CNN outperforms ML models. Under the same conditions, the OA improved by 4.69% and AUC improved by 0.0467 compared to RF; the OA improved by 4.47% and AUC improved by 0.0447 compared to SVM. Additionally, historical landslides validate the reasonableness of the landslide susceptibility maps. The proposed method exhibits a high rate of overlap with the historical landslide inventory. The proportion of historical landslides in the very high and high susceptibility zones exceeds 87%. The method not only enhances accuracy but also produces a more fine-grained susceptibility map, providing a reliable basis for early warning of seismic landslides.
C1 [Li, Yan; Ming, Dongping; Zhang, Liang; Niu, Yunyun] China Univ Geosci Beijing, Sch Informat Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Ming, Dongping] China Univ Geosci Beijing, Frontiers Sci Ctr Deep Time Digital Earth, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Ming, Dongping] China Univ Geosci Beijing, Key Lab Intraplate Volcanoes & Earthquakes, Minist Educ, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Yangyang] China Aero Geophys Survey & Remote Sensing Ctr Nat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; China University of Geosciences; China
   University of Geosciences
RP Ming, DP (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci Beijing, Sch Informat Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.; Ming, DP (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci Beijing, Frontiers Sci Ctr Deep Time Digital Earth, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.; Ming, DP (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci Beijing, Key Lab Intraplate Volcanoes & Earthquakes, Minist Educ, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM liyan98@email.cugb.edu.cn; mingdp@cugb.edu.cn;
   zhangliang96@email.cugb.edu.cn; yniu@cugb.edu.cn;
   3004180003@email.cugb.edu.cn
TC 10
Z9 11
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD FEB
PY 2024
VL 16
IS 3
AR 566
DI 10.3390/rs16030566
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001160133400001
ER

PT J
AU Muccignato, E
   Ferrario, MF
AF Muccignato, Eliana
   Ferrario, Maria Francesca
TI Exploiting earthquake-induced landslide inventories for macroseismic
   assessment using the environmental seismic intensity (ESI-07) scale
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE earthquake environmental effects; ESI-07 scale; landslides; inventory;
   seismic hazard
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INSIGHTS; DATABASE; CHINA;
   HAZARD
AB Earthquake-induced landslides are one of the most impacting effects triggered by seismic events and represent a relevant risk factor. Inventories of earthquake-induced landslides are available for many case histories and may contain thousands of elements. The spatial pattern of landslides is typically analyzed in terms of density and areal coverage (LND: Landslide Number Density; LAP: Landslide Area Percentage). In addition to landslides, other earthquake environmental effects, such as surface faulting, liquefaction, or tsunami, may be triggered. A comprehensive evaluation of earthquake environmental damage can be achieved using the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI-07) scale; however, landslide inventories have not yet been fully exploited in terms of ESI-07 assessment. Here, we apply a grid-based methodology to compute LND, LAP and ESI-07 values for 40 landslide inventories related to 33 earthquakes worldwide. We derive the first empirical equations relating ESI-07 to LND or LAP, demonstrating that the LAP metric is more robust. We also find that the inventory itself (i.e., how landslide polygons are delineated) introduces much higher uncertainty into the process compared to the selection of a specific area-volume conversion equation. A comparison with independent ESI-07 data shows that the proposed procedure is reliable. We claim that our approach can be applied in other contexts and could represent the basis for enhanced collaboration between the scientific communities working on landslides and seismic intensity assessment.
C1 [Muccignato, Eliana; Ferrario, Maria Francesca] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci Alta Tecnol, Como, Italy.
C3 University of Insubria
RP Muccignato, E (corresponding author), Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci Alta Tecnol, Como, Italy.
EM emuccignato@uninsubria.it
TC 0
Z9 0
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD APR 8
PY 2025
VL 13
AR 1468787
DI 10.3389/feart.2025.1468787
SC Geology
UT WOS:001471654600001
ER

PT J
AU Fusun, S
   Jinniu, W
   Tao, L
   Yan, W
   Haixia, G
   Ning, W
AF Fusun, S.
   Jinniu, W.
   Tao, L.
   Yan, W.
   Haixia, G.
   Ning, W.
TI Effects of different types of vegetation recovery on runoff and soil
   erosion on a Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslide, China
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
DT Article
DE earthquake-triggered landslide; fertile island; runoff; soil erosion;
   soil quality; vegetation type
ID WATER EROSION; LOESS PLATEAU; RIVER VALLEY; COVER; ENVIRONMENT;
   MICROSCALE; PATTERNS; NITROGEN; ISLANDS; SLOPES
AB In order to find suitable vegetation types for wider earthquake-triggered landslide rehabilitation in the eastern Longmenshan, we chose six vegetation types, which included three artificial restoration vegetation types (shrub Paeonia decomposita, deciduous tree Betula albo-sinensis, and evergreen tree Cryptomeria fortunei), two natural restoration vegetation types (middle and high coverage of grasses), and one residual vegetation. Soil quality, runoff, and soil loss were evaluated for the six vegetation types. We found that high coverage of grass prevented surface runoff and soil erosion more effectively than other vegetation types, and the deciduous tree and shrub were more suitable for soil quality recovery than the evergreen tree after the landslide. Among the three artificially planted vegetation types, the roots of the deciduous tree had stronger expansion ability than those of the shrub and evergreen tree. Our results indicated that high coverage of grass and deciduous trees could complement each other to achieve a good restoring effect, which would not only help reduce surface runoff and soil erosion but also facilitate the formation of fertile islands and enhance the stability of subsurface soils. Therefore, the two vegetation types could be used to form an effective vegetation restoration pattern for wider earthquake-triggered landslide rehabilitation in this region.
C1 [Fusun, S.; Jinniu, W.; Tao, L.; Yan, W.; Haixia, G.; Ning, W.] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Key Lab Ecol Restorat & Biodivers Conservat Sichu, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Institute of Biology, CAS
RP Fusun, S (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Key Lab Ecol Restorat & Biodivers Conservat Sichu, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
TC 22
Z9 24
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA
SN 0022-4561
EI 1941-3300
PD MAR-APR
PY 2013
VL 68
IS 2
BP 138
EP 145
DI 10.2489/jswc.68.2.138
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000316159100013
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZH
   Lan, HX
   Gao, X
   Li, LP
   Meng, YS
   Wu, YM
AF Yang, Zhi-hua
   Lan, Heng-Xing
   Gao, Xing
   Li, Lang-ping
   Meng, Yun-shan
   Wu, Yu-ming
TI Urgent landslide susceptibility assessment in the 2013 Lushan
   earthquake-impacted area, Sichuan Province, China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Lushan earthquake; Landslide susceptibility; GIS; Factor sensitivity
   analysis; AHP; Factor-weighted overlay
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODEL; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR
   MACHINE; FREQUENCY RATIO; DEMPSTER-SHAFER; RISK-ASSESSMENT; GIS; HAZARD;
   BEICHUAN; PROBABILITY
AB The Lushan earthquake with magnitude M (s) 7.0 (M (w) 6.6, USGS) in Sichuan Province, China, triggered a large number of landslides, which seriously aggravated the earthquake's destructive consequences. This paper mainly focuses on the methodology of the urgent landslide susceptibility assessment right after the earthquake. The detailed landslide inventory (including 5,688 landslides) is prepared by means of urgent post-earthquake landslide field survey, landslide remote sensing interpretation of multi-source remote sensing images including high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle images and historical landslide archives. Ten remarkable causative factors for landslide occurrence have been selected to conduct the landslide susceptibility assessment, including earthquake intensity, landslide density and slope gradient. An integration assessment approach is developed to facilitate the effective urgent post-earthquake landslide susceptibility assessment using three methods: factor sensitivity analysis, analytical hierarchy process and factor-weighted overlay. Such integration can effectively reduce the subjectivity and uncertainty resulting from using single method. The validation evaluation using the area under curve suggests the landslide susceptibility assessment results have satisfactory accuracy, and the suggested methodology is effective for the urgent post-earthquake landslide susceptibility assessment. The study results reveal that earthquake intensity and slope gradient are the two most important causative factors for post-earthquake landslide occurrence in the Lushan earthquake-impacted area. The dominant slope gradient and slope aspect with relatively higher landslide frequency are 45A degrees aEuro"50A degrees and south-east direction, respectively. The intense earthquake impact increased the dominant slope gradient of landslide spatial distribution, and the thrust campaign of seismogenic fault with strike NE-SW made south-east direction as the dominant slope aspect of the landslide spatial distribution. The locations with very high and high landslide susceptibility are mainly distributed in the regions with higher earthquake intensity and adverse terrain conditions, such as Shuangshi town and Longmen town of Lushan county and Muping town of Baoxing county. The study results are expected to provide a beneficial reference for the landslide prevention and infrastructure reconstruction after the Lushan earthquake.
C1 [Yang, Zhi-hua] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhi-hua; Lan, Heng-Xing; Gao, Xing; Li, Lang-ping; Meng, Yun-shan; Wu, Yu-ming] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhi-hua; Li, Lang-ping; Meng, Yun-shan; Wu, Yu-ming] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Lan, HX (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, 11A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM lanhx@lreis.ac.cn
TC 56
Z9 71
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD FEB
PY 2015
VL 75
IS 3
BP 2467
EP 2487
DI 10.1007/s11069-014-1441-8
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000347161900025
ER

PT J
AU Huang, DR
   Wang, G
   Du, CY
   Jin, F
   Feng, KW
   Chen, ZW
AF Huang, Duruo
   Wang, Gang
   Du, Chunyang
   Jin, Feng
   Feng, Kewei
   Chen, Zhengwei
TI An integrated SEM-Newmark model for physics-based regional coseismic
   landslide assessment
SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Coseismic landslide hazard; Spectral element method; Newmark
   displacement analyses; Topographic amplification; Case studies
ID SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD; SLIDING DISPLACEMENT; SEISMIC RESPONSE;
   EARTHQUAKE; SLOPES; SIMULATION; STABILITY; RUPTURE; 2D
AB Earthquake-induced landslides are one of the most catastrophic effects of earthquakes, as evidenced by many historic events over the past decades, such as the 1994 Northridge earthquake in California and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Realistic prediction of coseismic landslides is crucial for the design of key infrastructure and to protect human lives in seismically active regions. To date, analytical methods for estimating coseismic landslides have been based on highly simplified models. In this study, an integrated Spectral Element Method (SEM)-Newmark model is developed to directly simulate three-dimensional wave field in complex topography on a regional scale, while the associated landslide is indicated by the Newmark sliding displacement analysis considering key model factors. Topographic amplification, soil response, near-field characteristics of earthquake shaking and hydrogeological conditions can be simulated, and their effects on coseismic landslides are studied. In this paper, two regional-scale case studies were conducted using the developed SEM-Newmark model, including landslide hazard assessment for natural terrain in the western part of Hong Kong island, and the massive landslides occurred during the 2014 M6.5 Ludian earthquake in China. These case studies demonstrated that the proposed integrated model can be effectively used for regional-scale coseismic landslide hazard assessment under various earthquake scenarios and hydrogeological conditions.
C1 [Huang, Duruo; Jin, Feng] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Gang; Du, Chunyang; Feng, Kewei; Chen, Zhengwei] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Wang, G (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM gwang@ust.hk
TC 50
Z9 53
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0267-7261
EI 1879-341X
PD MAY
PY 2020
VL 132
AR 106066
DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106066
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000527316400014
ER

PT J
AU Liu, HW
   Zhao, XY
   Xiao, DA
AF Liu, Hongwei
   Zhao, Xiaoyan
   Xiao, Dian
TI Effects of local topography on the mobility of rock avalanches: A
   statistical analysis based on 36 cases from south-western China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Flow-like landslides; Confinement; Linear regression; Residual analysis
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE; DYNAMICS; MODEL; STURZSTROMS;
   KINEMATICS; MECHANISM; ROCKSLIDE; SICHUAN; DEBRIS
AB Rock avalanches are the extremely rapid flow-like movements of dry debris with extreme destructive potential. The mobility of these landslides can be characterised with Fahrboschung (defined as the ratio of fall height H over runout distance L) and runout distance. Here we statistically analyze the effects of local topography on the mobility of rock avalanches using a database that includes 36 well-documented events that occurred in southwestern China, half of which induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The analysis is conducted by distinguishing the three basic confinement categories of the rock avalanches, i.e. L-confined (laterally confined), U-confined (unconfined) and F-confined (frontally confined). The results of simple linear regression for H/L ratio and of multiple linear regression for runout distance L indicate that runout distance is preferable as a measure of mobility compared with H/L ratio due to the higher coefficient of determination. Moreover, the box-plots of residuals of the logarithm of runout distance indicated that frontal confinement tends to reduce runout distance, while lateral confinement enhances it. However, additional statistical analyses should be conducted exploiting a larger database of rock avalanches from a wider variety of environments.
C1 [Liu, Hongwei; Zhao, Xiaoyan; Xiao, Dian] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Zhao, XY (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM xyzhao2@swjtu.edu.cn
TC 7
Z9 9
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD DEC 5
PY 2021
VL 294
AR 106351
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106351
EA SEP 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000696835400010
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Wang, YS
   Feng, QQ
   Guo, FS
   Zhao, X
   Ji, F
   Liu, JW
   Ming, WT
AF Zhao, Bo
   Wang, Yunsheng
   Feng, Qianqian
   Guo, Fengshuang
   Zhao, Xun
   Ji, Feng
   Liu, Jiangwei
   Ming, Weiting
TI Preliminary analysis of some characteristics of coseismic landslides
   induced by the Hokkaido Iburi-Tobu earthquake (September 5, 2018), Japan
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Hokkaido Iburi-Tobu earthquake; Coseismic landslides; Distribution
   characteristics; Influence factors
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CHINA; HAZARDS; LUSHAN
AB At 18:07 on September 5, 2018 (UTC), a Mw 6.6 earthquake struck the Iburi-Tobu area of Hokkaido, Japan. The Hokkaido Iburi-Tobu (HIT) earthquake is a reverse-slip earthquake with a focal depth of 33.4 km at 42.69 degrees N and 142.07 degrees E. According to the detailed landslide interpretations, there were approximately 7059 landslides induced by this earthquake concentrated in an area of 466 km(2). The landslides induced by the HIT earthquake are mostly shallow landslides whose sources are mainly an air-fall pumice layer from the Tarumai volcano, and these landslides exhibit an obvious characteristic of a "low affected area, large landslide area". The landslide area follows an exponential distribution, and many landslides are composed of multiple subsource areas. There are at least 8778 source areas in the whole landslide area. The landslides present high mobility, and the landslide deposits not only accumulate on the foot but also "flow" down along the gullies, similar to debris flows, despite the gullies being gentle (< 6%), which may be related to recent heavy rainfall events. Most landslides occur on gentle hills with an elevation range of 100-250 m, and the landslide height is mainly concentrated between 15 m and 45 m. Major slide directions follow a nearly SSE-NNW direction, and all the landslides occur with PGA (peak ground acceleration) >= 0.5 g.
C1 [Zhao, Bo; Wang, Yunsheng; Feng, Qianqian; Guo, Fengshuang; Zhao, Xun; Ji, Feng; Liu, Jiangwei; Ming, Weiting] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Zhao, B (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM 289869308@qq.com
TC 27
Z9 28
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD JUN
PY 2020
VL 189
AR 104502
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2020.104502
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000525324300027
ER

PT J
AU Bhuyan, K
   Tanyas, H
   Nava, L
   Puliero, S
   Meena, SR
   Floris, M
   van Westen, C
   Catani, F
AF Bhuyan, Kushanav
   Tanyas, Hakan
   Nava, Lorenzo
   Puliero, Silvia
   Meena, Sansar Raj
   Floris, Mario
   van Westen, Cees
   Catani, Filippo
TI Generating multi-temporal landslide inventories through a general deep
   transfer learning strategy using HR EO data
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PATH DEPENDENCY; GORKHA EARTHQUAKE;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLASSIFICATION; HAZARD; PREDICTION; DERIVATION; FAILURE;
   AREAS
AB Mapping of landslides over space has seen an increasing attention and good results in the last decade. While current methods are chiefly applied to generate event-inventories, whereas multi-temporal (MT) inventories are rare, even using manual landslide mapping. Here, we present an innovative deep learning strategy which employs transfer learning that allows for the Attention Deep Supervision Multi-Scale U-Net model to be adapted for landslide detection tasks in new areas. The method also provides the flexibility of re-training a pretrained model to detect both rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslides on new target areas. For the mapping, we used archived Planet Lab remote sensing images spanning a period between 2009 till 2021 with spatial resolution of 3-5 m to systematically generate MT landslide inventories. When we examined all cases, our approach provided an average F1 score of 0.8 indicating that we successfully identified the spatiotemporal occurrences of landslides. To examine the size distribution of mapped landslides we compared the frequency-area distributions of predicted co-seismic landslides with manually mapped products from the literature. Results showed a good match between calculated power-law exponents where the difference ranges between 0.04 and 0.21. Overall, this study showed that the proposed algorithm could be applied to large areas to generate polygon-based MT landslide inventories.
C1 [Bhuyan, Kushanav; Nava, Lorenzo; Puliero, Silvia; Meena, Sansar Raj; Floris, Mario; Catani, Filippo] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Machine Intelligence & Slope Stabil Lab, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
   [Bhuyan, Kushanav; Tanyas, Hakan; Meena, Sansar Raj; van Westen, Cees] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Ctr Disaster Resilience, Dept Appl Earth Sci, NL-7514 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
C3 University of Padua; University of Twente
RP Bhuyan, K (corresponding author), Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Machine Intelligence & Slope Stabil Lab, I-35131 Padua, Italy.; Bhuyan, K (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Ctr Disaster Resilience, Dept Appl Earth Sci, NL-7514 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
EM kushanav.bhuyan@studenti.unipd.it
TC 50
Z9 55
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD JAN 4
PY 2023
VL 13
IS 1
AR 162
DI 10.1038/s41598-022-27352-y
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:001003343100043
ER

PT J
AU Li, B
   Zeng, T
   Ran, JH
   Yue, BS
   Zhang, M
   Shang, T
   Zhu, DH
AF Li, Bo
   Zeng, Tao
   Ran, Jianghong
   Yue, Bisong
   Zhang, Man
   Shang, Tao
   Zhu, Dahai
TI Characteristics of the early secondary succession after landslides in a
   broad-leaved deciduous forest in the south Minshan Mountains
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
DT Article
DE Early secondary succession; Species diversity; Species turnover;
   Landslide; The south Minshan Mountains
ID VEGETATION SUCCESSION; SPECIES TURNOVER; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SMALL
   MAMMALS; LIFE-HISTORY; RECOVERY; PLANTS; FIRE; RESTORATION; LANDSCAPE
AB Landslide has been recognized as the major disturbance to the natural vegetation and a key driver of the forest succession in the mountains of the Southwest China. An integrative understanding of the early succession following landslide disturbance is important to explain the formation and maintenance of the species diversity, and useful to the forest ecosystem management and ecological restoration strategies designing. To explore the characteristics of the early secondary succession on landslides, we monitored the plant community on landslides within the Longxi-Hongkou National Nature Reserve, Dujiangyan County, Sichuan Province, China. We set 64 permanent quadrats (2 m x 2 m) on two landslides with similar geography conditions formed in September 2009. Species richness, percent cover, and the height of the each vascular plants in all quadrats were investigated in each spring, summer and autumn from 2010 to 2017. Species richness, cumulative species richness, and Shannon-Weiner index were calculated to describe the dynamics of the species diversity. Jaccard similarity index and species turnover rate were calculated to describe the changes of species composition and species turnover. Our results showed that the species diversity of the vascular plants increased rapidly during the first four successional years and then slowed down since the fifth year. We found a delay effect that the increase rate of the species richness and cumulative species richness peaked earlier in landslide scale than that in 2 m x 2 m quadrat scale. Species turnover rates were high during the first two years and then decreased since the third years. Species composition of both woody and herbaceous species changed greatly during the first three years, but tended to be relatively stable since then. The leading species in the 2 m x 2 m quadrats became more and more diversified in both herb and shrub layer, and substitution of leading species was obviously observed. Our findings suggested that under the set of particular environmental conditions, e.g. a nearby rich-species pool, high precipitation, suitable soil humidity, and moderate atmosphere temperatures, a crashed plant community caused by disasters could flourish again rapidly as long as no any intense disturbances occuired. The high recruitment of the plant species on the landslides also explains partly how the rich biodiversity is formed and maintained in the study area.
C1 [Li, Bo; Zeng, Tao; Ran, Jianghong; Yue, Bisong; Zhang, Man] Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Bioresources & Ecoenvironm, Minist Educ, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Shang, Tao; Zhu, Dahai] Longxi Hongkou Natl Nat Reserve, Management Off, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University
RP Ran, JH (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Key Lab Bioresources & Ecoenvironm, Minist Educ, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM bobo871024@163.com; zengtao_slt@163.com; ranjianghong@20scu.edu.cn;
   bsyue@scu.edu.cn; 526787618@qq.com; 315768433@qq.com; 82291273@qq.com
TC 18
Z9 19
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
EI 1872-7042
PD DEC 1
PY 2017
VL 405
BP 238
EP 245
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.09.020
SC Forestry
UT WOS:000413878500022
ER

PT J
AU Shi, ZM
   Xiong, X
   Peng, M
   Zhang, LM
   Xiong, YF
   Chen, HX
   Zhu, Y
AF Shi, Z. M.
   Xiong, X.
   Peng, Ming
   Zhang, L. M.
   Xiong, Y. F.
   Chen, H. X.
   Zhu, Y.
TI Risk assessment and mitigation for the Hongshiyan landslide dam
   triggered by the 2014 Ludian earthquake in Yunnan, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Dam failure; Risk assessment; Risk mitigation; Erosion;
   Earthquake
ID BREAK EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DYNAMIC
   DECISION-MAKING; PART 2 APPLICATION; FAILURE
AB An Ms 6.5 earthquake shocked the Ludian County, Yunnan Province, China, on 3 August 2014 and triggered the Hongshiyan landslide dam. The dam, with a height of 83 m and a lake capacity of 260 x 10(6) m(3), threatened more than 10,000 people. A unique feature of this landslide dam was that it formed between a man-made dam and a hydropower plant. An existing drainage tunnel connecting the lake and the hydropower plant became a natural drainage conduit for the landslide dam, which played an important role in the mitigation of the landslide dam risks. This paper reports a quantitative risk assessment for the Hongshiyan landslide dam considering both engineering and non-engineering risk mitigation measures. The risk assessment is divided into three stages according to the implementation of two engineering measures: construction of a diversion channel and excavation of a branch drainage tunnel. The dam breaching hydrographs, flood zones, population at risk, and likely fatalities in each of the three stages are analysed. The optimum evacuation strategy in each stage is also studied based on the principle of minimum total consequence. It is found that the diversion channel decreases the dam breaching peak discharge and the associated risks significantly. The branch drainage tunnel prevent the landslide dam from overtopping failure in non-flooded period; however, the landslide dam may fail by overtopping in a future flood if the inflow rate is larger than the outflow rate through the drainage tunnels, resulting in serious losses of lives and properties. The dam breaching risks in all the three stages could be largely reduced by the optimal evacuation decision, which shows that timely evacuation is vital to save life and properties. The study provides a scientific basis for decision making in landslide dam risk management.
C1 [Shi, Z. M.; Xiong, X.; Peng, Ming; Xiong, Y. F.; Chen, H. X.] Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Z. M.; Xiong, X.; Peng, Ming; Xiong, Y. F.; Chen, H. X.] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Z. M.; Peng, Ming] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Geohazard Prevent CICGP, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Y.] China Shipbldg NDRI Engn Co Ltd, Shanghai 200333, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Hong Kong University of Science &
   Technology
RP Peng, M (corresponding author), Collaborat Innovat Ctr Geohazard Prevent CICGP, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM pengming@tongji.edu.cn
TC 59
Z9 66
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD FEB
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 1
BP 269
EP 285
DI 10.1007/s10346-016-0699-1
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000393643900018
ER

PT J
AU Kang, D
   Yin, CJ
   Zhu, DH
   Zou, SZ
AF Kang, Di
   Yin, Caijia
   Zhu, Dahai
   Zou, Shuzhen
TI Altitude and landslide scale regulated the assembly of grassland
   communities on landslides during the recovery process after the
   magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China
SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Earthquake; Community assembly; Niche-based hypothesis; Environmental
   filtering; Limiting similarity
ID VEGETATION RECOVERY; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; DIVERSITY; FOREST; PATTERNS;
   INVASION; IMPACTS
AB Earthquakes are one of the worst natural disasters, causing environmental fluctuations and ecosystem degradation. Previous studies have evaluated the macro-characteristics of vegetation recovery after earthquakes. However, the internal mechanisms driving community assembly and diversity remain poorly understood. This study was located in Longxi-Hongkou National Natural Reserve, China. We investigated the current vegetation status of typical large-scale landslides in regions with the highest intensity of earthquake damage in the area affected by the 2008 magnitude 8.0 earthquake, and studied the community assembly using phylogenetic methods. Relationships between community assembly and influencing factors were carried out using generalized linear models (GLMs) and redundancy analysis (RDA). Our findings suggested that the communities in areas of larger landslides were dominated by herbs 11 years after the earthquake and had not yet regenerated to the original community. The average net relatedness index (NRI) and nearest taxon index (NTI) of the communities were 0.293 and 0.482, respectively, which were higher than those of the null model. These results showed a clustered phylogenetic pattern and suggested that the community assembly process in the early regeneration stage after the earthquake supported the environmental filtering hypothesis. Altitude negatively impacted species diversity, NRI, NTI and phylogenetic diversity. This result suggested that the community assembly process was more dependent on abiotic regulation than biotic regulation at high altitudes after earthquakes. Species diversity, NRI, NTI and phylogenetic diversity were also impacted by landslide intensity; however, the responses to landslide intensity were not completely equivalent for landslides of varying widths and lengths. Slope aspect impacted the phylogenetic diversity of the regenerating community after the earthquake; that is, the sunny slopes had higher phylogenetic diversity than the shady slopes. Soil type, soil organic carbon, soil nitrogen, soil moisture, and soil phosphorous impacted community assembly. Collectively, This work showed evidence supporting the abiotic regulation of community assembly after earthquakes and reported the key abiotic influencing factors. It is important for a general understanding of community assembly after strong disturbances in temperate forests and beyond and can also provide a theoretical basis for ecological restoration engineering design.
C1 [Kang, Di; Yin, Caijia; Zou, Shuzhen] China West Normal Univ, Key Lab Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conser, Minist Educ, Nanchong, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Kang, Di; Zou, Shuzhen] Res Ctr Recycle Agr Engn & Technol Shaanxi Prov, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Dahai] Longxi Hongkou Nat Reserve Adm, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 China West Normal University
RP Zou, SZ (corresponding author), China West Normal Univ, Key Lab Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conser, Minist Educ, Nanchong, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM zousz@foxmail.com
TC 15
Z9 19
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0925-8574
EI 1872-6992
PD DEC
PY 2021
VL 172
AR 106413
DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106413
EA SEP 2021
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering
UT WOS:000698784300006
ER

PT J
AU Peng, M
   Zhang, LM
AF Peng, M.
   Zhang, L. M.
TI Analysis of human risks due to dam break floods-part 2: application to
   Tangjiashan landslide dam failure
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Loss of life; Risk analysis; Risk management; Dams; Dam break; Dam
   safety; Floods; Bayesian networks
ID LIFE
AB The Tangjiashan landslide dam was formed during the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and posed high risks to 1.2 million people downstream the dam. A human risk analysis model (HURAM) reported in the companion paper is applied to evaluate the human risk in the Tangjiashan landslide dam failure. The characteristics of this landslide dam are introduced first. The breaching parameters in two cases (i.e., the actual case and a high erodibility case) are predicted with a physically based model, and the flood routing processes in these two cases are simulated using numerical analysis. The population at risk downstream of the landslide dam is then obtained based on the results of the flood routing simulations. Subsequently, the human risks are analyzed with HURAM using Bayesian networks. Fourteen influence parameters and their interrelationships are considered in a systematic structure in the case study. A change in anyone of them may affect the other parameters and leads to loss of life. HURAM allows not only cause-to-result inference, but also result-to-cause inference by updating the Bayesian network with specific information from the study case. The uncertainties of the parameters and their relationships are studied both at the global level using multiple sources of information and at the local level by updating the prior probabilities.
C1 [Peng, M.; Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM pengming@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 67
Z9 83
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD NOV
PY 2012
VL 64
IS 2
BP 1899
EP 1923
DI 10.1007/s11069-012-0336-9
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000309357700050
ER

PT J
AU Yang, X
   Liu, R
   Yang, M
   Chen, JJ
   Liu, TQ
   Yang, YT
   Chen, W
   Wang, YT
AF Yang, Xin
   Liu, Rui
   Yang, Mei
   Chen, Jingjue
   Liu, Tianqiang
   Yang, Yuantao
   Chen, Wei
   Wang, Yuting
TI Incorporating Landslide Spatial Information and Correlated Features
   among Conditioning Factors for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslide susceptibility; machine learning; convolutional neural
   network; hybrid models; Ludian County
ID 3 GORGES RESERVOIR; CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; 2008 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; RANDOM FOREST; HIERARCHY PROCESS; MACHINE; CLASSIFICATION;
   ENSEMBLE; PREDICTION; TREES
AB This study proposed a new hybrid model based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) for making effective use of historical datasets and producing a reliable landslide susceptibility map. The proposed model consists of two parts; one is the extraction of landslide spatial information using two-dimensional CNN and pixel windows, and the other is to capture the correlated features among the conditioning factors using one-dimensional convolutional operations. To evaluate the validity of the proposed model, two pure CNN models and the previously used methods of random forest and a support vector machine were selected as the benchmark models. A total of 621 earthquake-triggered landslides in Ludian County, China and 14 conditioning factors derived from the topography, geological, hydrological, geophysical, land use and land cover data were used to generate a geospatial dataset. The conditioning factors were then selected and analyzed by a multicollinearity analysis and the frequency ratio method. Finally, the trained model calculated the landslide probability of each pixel in the study area and produced the resultant susceptibility map. The results indicated that the hybrid model benefitted from the features extraction capability of the CNN and achieved high-performance results in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and statistical indices. Moreover, the proposed model had 6.2% and 3.7% more improvement than the two pure CNN models in terms of the AUC, respectively. Therefore, the proposed model is capable of accurately mapping landslide susceptibility and providing a promising method for hazard mitigation and land use planning. Additionally, it is recommended to be applied to other areas of the world.
C1 [Yang, Xin; Liu, Rui; Yang, Mei; Liu, Tianqiang; Yang, Yuantao] Chengdu Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Explorat & Informat Technol, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Xin; Liu, Rui; Yang, Mei; Liu, Tianqiang; Yang, Yuantao] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Geophys, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Jingjue] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Earth Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Wei] Xian Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Geol & Environm, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yuting] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Earthquake Forecasting, Beijing 100036, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Chengdu University of Technology; Xi'an University of Science &
   Technology; China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Earthquake
   Forecasting, CEA
RP Liu, R (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Explorat & Informat Technol, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Liu, R (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Geophys, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM xinyang@stu.cdut.edu.cn; lr@cdut.edu.cn; yangmei@stu.cdut.edu.cn;
   cjj@stu.cdut.edu.cn; liutianqiang@stu.cdut.edu.cn;
   yangyuantao@stu.cdut.edu.cn; chenwei0930@xust.edu.cn;
   wangyuting191@mails.ucas.ac.cn
TC 45
Z9 52
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD JUN
PY 2021
VL 13
IS 11
AR 2166
DI 10.3390/rs13112166
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000660613500001
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   Yunus, AP
   Scaringi, G
   Catani, F
   Subramanian, SS
   Xu, Q
   Huang, RQ
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   Yunus, Ali P.
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Catani, Filippo
   Siva Subramanian, Srikrishnan
   Xu, Qiang
   Huang, Runqui
TI Rapidly Evolving Controls of Landslides After a Strong Earthquake and
   Implications for Hazard Assessments
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
DT Article
DE controlling factor; earthquake-induced landslide; hazard assessment;
   machine learning; susceptibility assessment; Wenchuan Earthquake
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOOSE GRANULAR DEPOSITS; DEBRIS FLOWS;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; EROSION; RUNOUT; SENSITIVITY; INITIATION; EVOLUTION;
   EPICENTER
AB Strong earthquakes, especially on mountain slopes, can generate large amounts of unconsolidated deposits, prone to remobilization by aftershocks and rainstorms. Assessing the hazard they pose and what drives their movement in the years following the mainshock has not yet been attempted, primarily because multitemporal landslide inventories are lacking. By exploiting a multitemporal inventory (2005-2018) covering the epicentral region of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and a set of conditioning factors (seismic, topographic, and hydrological), we perform statistical tests to understand the temporal evolution of these factors affecting debris remobilizations. Our analyses, supported by a random-forest susceptibility assessment model, reveal a prediction capability of seismic-related variables declining with time, as opposed to hydro-topographic parameters gaining importance and becoming predominant within a decade. These results may have important implications on the way conventional susceptibility/hazard assessment models should be employed in areas where coseismic landslides are the main sediment production mechanism on slopes.
   Plain Language Summary Strong earthquakes in mountain regions can trigger thousands of landslides, forming deposits of rock and soil debris along steep slopes. Months to years later, rainstorms may generate debris flows-destructive water-debris mixtures that rush downslope and flood valleys. Scientists use models to estimate the hazard of landslides and debris flows, which are based on accurate maps of the slopes, the type of rock or soil, inventories of known landslides, rainfall trends, and more. Susceptibility and hazard maps are the main product of these models. They are used to predict the probability of a hazardous event occurring at a given location in a given time span. These maps are usually "static," in the sense that they are thought to remain valid for a long time because the data they are based upon (such as the shape of slopes) do not vary much. However, postearthquake landscapes are very dynamic: debris moves downslope, carried by rain or shaken by aftershocks; meanwhile, new landslides occur on some slopes, while others revegetate and stabilize. The overall picture is complex as many variables are involved. We use machine learning to demonstrate that static hazard maps become unable to predict landslides after just a few years, and advocate for the use of frequently updated maps linked to fresh inputs, tracking the location and activity of debris deposits, and old and new
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; Yunus, Ali P.; Siva Subramanian, Srikrishnan; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Runqui] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Scaringi, Gianvito] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Hydrogeol Engn Geol & Appl Geophys, Fac Sci, Prague, Czech Republic.
   [Catani, Filippo] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Padua, Italy.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Charles University Prague; University
   of Padua
RP Fan, XM; Yunus, AP (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fxm_cdut@qq.com; yunusp@cdut.edu.cn
TC 93
Z9 98
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
PD JAN 16
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 1
AR e2020GL090509
DI 10.1029/2020GL090509
SC Geology
UT WOS:000612943500039
ER

PT J
AU Xue, CH
   Chen, KJ
   Tang, H
   Lin, CQ
   Cui, WF
AF Xue, Changhu
   Chen, Kejie
   Tang, Hui
   Lin, Chaoqi
   Cui, Wenfeng
TI Using short-interval landslide inventories to build short-term and
   overall spatial prediction models for earthquake-triggered landslides
   based on machine learning for the 2018 Lombok earthquake sequence
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslides; Machine learning; Landslide
   susceptibility analysis
ID BACKPROPAGATION NEURAL-NETWORK; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHI-CHI
   EARTHQUAKE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INDONESIA; INSIGHTS
AB During an earthquake sequence, there are often multiple recurring landslides. Understanding the spatial distribution of the landslides triggered by the first earthquake can help us predict the landslide susceptibility for subsequent shakes over a short term. This study used two landslide inventories from the Lombok earthquake sequence in Indonesia in 2018 to construct a short-term secondary disaster prediction model and an overall spatial prediction model using four machine learning algorithms. The average accuracy of the positive samples predicted by the prediction model was 7.1% lower than that of the short-term model. The highest accuracy of the overall prediction model was 14.9% higher, on average, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) score was 8.1% higher, on average, but the corresponding probability thresholds were lower. The reason for this difference is that, in the short-term prediction model, since most of the landslides in the first landslide inventory were prone to fail two or more times due to the effect of multiple earthquakes, the prediction results have a high positive rate. This feature of the short-term prediction model makes it suitable for landslide rescue guidance in a sequence of earthquakes. In contrast, the overall prediction model can better represent the spatial distribution of the earthquake-triggered landslides in the area.
C1 [Xue, Changhu; Chen, Kejie; Lin, Chaoqi; Cui, Wenfeng] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Hui] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
C3 Southern University of Science & Technology; Helmholtz Association;
   Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences
RP Chen, KJ (corresponding author), Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
EM chenkj@sustech.edu.cn
TC 11
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD DEC
PY 2022
VL 114
IS 3
BP 3575
EP 3595
DI 10.1007/s11069-022-05532-3
EA AUG 2022
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000837518500001
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   Scaringi, G
   Korup, O
   West, AJ
   van Westen, CJ
   Tanyas, H
   Hovius, N
   Hales, TC
   Jibson, RW
   Allstadt, KE
   Zhang, LM
   Evans, SG
   Xu, C
   Li, G
   Pei, XJ
   Xu, Q
   Huang, RQ
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Korup, Oliver
   West, A. Joshua
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Tanyas, Hakan
   Hovius, Niels
   Hales, Tristram C.
   Jibson, Randall W.
   Allstadt, Kate E.
   Zhang, Limin
   Evans, Stephen G.
   Xu, Chong
   Li, Gen
   Pei, Xiangjun
   Xu, Qiang
   Huang, Runqiu
TI Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and
   Impacts
SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS
DT Review
DE earthquake-induced landslides; debris flows; geohazards; landscape
   evolution; sediment cascade; continental earthquakes
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; RAINFALL-INDUCED
   LANDSLIDES; BREAK EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; DYNAMIC DECISION-MAKING; LOOSE
   GRANULAR DEPOSITS; SHEAR-WAVE VELOCITY; PART 2 APPLICATION; DEBRIS-FLOW;
   GROUND-MOTION
AB Large earthquakes initiate chains of surface processes that last much longer than the brief moments of strong shaking. Most moderate- and large-magnitude earthquakes trigger landslides, ranging from small failures in the soil cover to massive, devastating rock avalanches. Some landslides dam rivers and impound lakes, which can collapse days to centuries later, and flood mountain valleys for hundreds of kilometers downstream. Landslide deposits on slopes can remobilize during heavy rainfall and evolve into debris flows. Cracks and fractures can form and widen on mountain crests and flanks, promoting increased frequency of landslides that lasts for decades. More gradual impacts involve the flushing of excess debris downstream by rivers, which can generate bank erosion and floodplain accretion as well as channel avulsions that affect flooding frequency, settlements, ecosystems, and infrastructure. Ultimately, earthquake sequences and their geomorphic consequences alter mountain landscapes over both human and geologic time scales. Two recent events have attracted intense research into earthquake-induced landslides and their consequences: the magnitude M 7.6 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake of 1999, and the M 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake of 2008. Using data and insights from these and several other earthquakes, we analyze how such events initiate processes that change mountain landscapes, highlight research gaps, and suggest pathways toward a more complete understanding of the seismic effects on the Earth's surface.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; Scaringi, Gianvito; Pei, Xiangjun; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Scaringi, Gianvito] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Hydrogeol Engn Geol & Appl Geophys, Fac Sci, Prague, Czech Republic.
   [Korup, Oliver; Hovius, Niels] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Potsdam, Germany.
   [West, A. Joshua; Li, Gen] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   [van Westen, Cees J.; Tanyas, Hakan] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Hales, Tristram C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
   [Jibson, Randall W.; Allstadt, Kate E.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA.
   [Zhang, Limin] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Evans, Stephen G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
   [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Charles University Prague; University
   of Potsdam; University of Southern California; University of Twente;
   Cardiff University; United States Department of the Interior; United
   States Geological Survey; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology;
   University of Waterloo; China Earthquake Administration; Institute of
   Geology, CEA
RP Xu, Q; Huang, RQ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM xq@cdut.edu.cn; hrq@cdut.edu.cn
TC 678
Z9 813
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 8755-1209
EI 1944-9208
PD JUN
PY 2019
VL 57
IS 2
BP 421
EP 503
DI 10.1029/2018RG000626
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000477616400006
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, ZL
   Wang, T
   Wu, SR
   Tang, HM
   Liang, CY
AF Zhang, Zelin
   Wang, Tao
   Wu, Shuren
   Tang, Huiming
   Liang, Changyu
TI The role of seismic triggering in a deep-seated mudstone landslide,
   China: Historical reconstruction and mechanism analysis
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Zhengjiamo landslide; Discrete element simulation; Particle Flow Code
   (PFC); Dynamic processes
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; ROCK SLOPES;
   MODEL; FAILURE; LOESS; DEFORMATION; INITIATION; INSIGHTS; FLOW
AB Deep-seated mudstone landslides are widely distributed in northwest China. The Zhengjiamo landslide occurred in 734 CE near Taijing, Tianshui region. It was triggered by the main shock of the historical Ms = 7.0734 CE earthquake. The earthquake also induced a wide range of landslides in this area, with hundreds of fatalities and many houses destroyed by landslide debris. Based on a detailed field survey, borehole data, and m'apping, a detailed geological reconstruction of the slope was achieved and the geo-mechanical features of the claystone involved in the landslide were obtained. Using the Particle Flow Code to simulate the mechanism of the Zhengjiamo landslide, the features of the landslide dynamics were obtained using a 5-stage model. During the landslide process, the slip mass at the front and upper edges exhibited higher mobility than at the rear and bottom edges. Furthermore, the contact bond strength of the sliding body gradually weakened. The model indicates that the particle bond strength has a larger influence on the maximum runout distance and landslide debris morphology than the type of weak intercalated layers. The slip mass presented a rotational slide pattern and remained on the slip plane throughout the sliding process. Finally, the earthquake uplifted the slope toe, which prevented the slip mass from gliding. The modelled scenario provided a reasonably good fit to the actual topography, verifying the modelling results. After the historical earthquake, with the clay minerals swelling and shrinking under rainfall and efflorescence conditions, the structure of the soft rock changed, contributing to the weakening of the sliding rock mass. The landslide gradually crept and evolved to its current topography.
C1 [Zhang, Zelin; Wang, Tao; Wu, Shuren; Liang, Changyu] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Zelin; Tang, Huiming] China Univ Geosci, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; China
   University of Geosciences
RP Zhang, ZL (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM 249133236@qq.com
TC 52
Z9 56
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD AUG 30
PY 2017
VL 226
BP 122
EP 135
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.06.001
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000410869000010
ER

PT J
AU Qin, YG
   Zhang, DL
   Zheng, WJ
   Liu, BX
   Gong, ZK
AF Qin, Yigen
   Zhang, Dongli
   Zheng, Wenjun
   Liu, Bingxu
   Gong, Zhikang
TI Spatial distribution of near-fault landslides along Litang fault zones,
   eastern Tibetan Plateau
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Near-fault landslide distribution; Hazard effect; Litang fault zone;
   Landslide susceptibility mapping
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN PROVINCE; WESTERN SICHUAN;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; MARGIN; SLOPE; REGRESSION; PATTERNS; HAZARDS; UPLIFT
AB Active fault zones are areas impacted by intense tectonic activity, where geohazards such as landslides occur and their distribution characteristics vary across segments. Using the Litang fault zone in the eastern Tibetan Plateau as an example, this study cataloged landslides within a 10 km range on both sides of the fault zone. The Litang fault zone was divided into four sections based on landform characteristics and the spatial distribution of active faults. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the relationship between landslide distribution and topography, lithology, and active faults in different sections. Additionally, the study employed a random forest model to compare landslide susceptibility between the whole-region and its sub-regions. The results show that lithology and topography significantly influence the distribution of landslide types. The Upper Triassic sandstone, Slate exhibit more debris flows in areas with slopes ranging from 5 degrees to 35 degrees, while slopes >35 degrees in the Upper Triassic sandstone, Slate are prone to unstable slopes. Rock avalanche occur in Upper Triassic sandstone, Slate, and Quaternary sand and gravel. Active faults play a key role in control ling landslides distribution through distance, hanging wall, locked segment, and direction effects. The number of landslides is positively correlated with the activity of faults. Additionally, the dip angle and motion characteristics of faults have significant influence on the distribution of landslides. The results of landslide susceptibility evaluation show that sub-region models have higher accuracy than the whole-region model. This study provides a new method for exploring the spatial distribution of landslides and can provide scientific reference for reducing landslide disasters in active fault zones.
C1 [Qin, Yigen; Zhang, Dongli; Zheng, Wenjun; Liu, Bingxu; Gong, Zhikang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Geodynam & Geohazards, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China.
   [Qin, Yigen; Zhang, Dongli; Zheng, Wenjun; Liu, Bingxu; Gong, Zhikang] Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519082, Peoples R China.
C3 Sun Yat Sen University; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong
   Laboratory; Southern Marine Science & Engineering Guangdong Laboratory
   (Zhuhai)
RP Zhang, DL (corresponding author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Geodynam & Geohazards, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China.
EM zhangdongli@mail.sysu.edu.cn
TC 6
Z9 7
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JUN 15
PY 2024
VL 455
AR 109189
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109189
EA APR 2024
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001231976500001
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, SH
   Wang, W
   Chen, GQ
   Liu, BC
   Fang, LG
AF Zhou Suhua
   Wang Wei
   Chen Guangqi
   Liu Baochen
   Fang Ligang
TI A Combined Weight of Evidence and Logistic Regression Method for
   Susceptibility Mapping of Earthquake-induced Landslides: A Case Study of
   the April 20, 2013 Lushan Earthquake, China
SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION
DT Article
DE 2013 Lushan earthquake; landslide susceptibility; weight of evidence;
   logistic regression
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; SICHUAN; GIS
AB The M-s 7.0 Lushan earthquake triggered a huge number of landslides. Landslide susceptibility mapping is of great importance. Weight of Evidence (WoE) and Logistic Regression (LR) methods have been widely used for LSM (Landslide Susceptibility Mapping). However, limitations still exist. WoE is capable of assessing the influence of different classes of each factor, but neglects the correlation between factors. LR is able to analyze the relationship among the factors while it is not capable of evaluating the influence of different classes. This paper proposes a combined method of LR and WoE for LSM, taking advantage of their individual merits and overcoming their limitations. An inventory of 1289 landslides was used: 70% were random-selected for training and the remaining for validation. 11 landslide condition factors were employed in the model and the result was validated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The results showed that the LR-WoE model had a better accuracy than the LR model, producing an area below the curve with values of 0.802 success and 0.791 predictive, higher than that of the LR model (0.715 success and 0.722 predictive). It is therefore concluded that the combined method of WoE and LR can provide a promising level of accuracy for earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility mapping.
C1 [Zhou Suhua; Wang Wei; Chen Guangqi] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
   [Zhou Suhua; Liu Baochen; Fang Ligang] Cent S Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Changsha 410075, Hunan, Peoples R China.
C3 Kyushu University; Central South University
RP Wang, W (corresponding author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
EM panda.wang.1989@gmail.com
TC 6
Z9 11
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1000-9515
EI 1755-6724
PD APR
PY 2016
VL 90
IS 2
BP 511
EP 524
DI 10.1111/1755-6724.12687
SC Geology
UT WOS:000374705600008
ER

PT J
AU Ma, SY
   Xu, C
AF Ma, Siyuan
   Xu, Chong
TI Assessment of co-seismic landslide hazard using the Newmark model and
   statistical analyses: a case study of the 2013 Lushan, China, Mw6.6
   earthquake
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Lushan earthquake; Co-seismic landslides; Hazard; Newmark model;
   Statistical analysis
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY
   PROCESS; SPATIAL PREDICTION MODELS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODEL;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; DECISION TREE; GIS; MULTIVARIATE; VALIDATION
AB The April 20, 2013 Mw6.6 earthquake of Lushan County, Sichuan Province, China, has triggered 4540 landslides (>1000m(2)). Exploring a more effective method to assess landslide hazard in the affected area of this event is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation. By applying the Newmark model and two statistical analysis models (logic regression and support vector machine, LR and SVM), this study addressed this issue. In the Newmark model, we used the landslide point density, the average gradient (mean slope) and the mean peak ground acceleration to group the lithology and created a critical acceleration (a(c)) map. The Newmark displacements and the probability of the slope instability are mapped by combining the a(c) map and PGA map. In the statistical analysis models of LR and SVM, 7040 samples (4540 landslide sites and 2500 random non-landslide sites) were randomly divided into the training set (5000 samples) and validation set (2040 samples). Based on the relationship between landslide distribution and influence factors, we selected the critical acceleration (a(c)) value, topographic relief, PGA, and distance to rivers as the independent variables for LR and SVM. Finally, the ROC curves for three landslide hazard models were drawn and the AUC values were calculated. The landslide hazard maps produced by LR are similar to those by applying SVM. The AUC values indicate that these two models combined with a(c) data perform better than the simplified Newmark model. In this study, a new method of integrating statistical analysis models (LR and SVM) with critical acceleration (a(c)) for earthquake landslide hazard assessment is presented, which can be used to carry out seismic landslide hazard assessment more effectively than the simplified Newmark model.
C1 [Ma, Siyuan; Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xuchong@ies.ac.cn
TC 76
Z9 86
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD MAR
PY 2019
VL 96
IS 1
BP 389
EP 412
DI 10.1007/s11069-018-3548-9
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000465506900018
ER

PT J
AU Ma, SY
   Xu, C
AF Ma, Siyuan
   Xu, Chong
TI Applicability of Two Newmark Models in the Assessment of Coseismic
   Landslide Hazard and Estimation of Slope-Failure Probability: An Example
   of the 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 Earthquake Affected Area
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; seismic landslides; Newmark displacement; peak
   ground acceleration (PGA)
ID RAPID RESPONSE; DISPLACEMENTS; NORTHRIDGE; CALIFORNIA; INVENTORY;
   GORKHA; CHINA; DAMS; RISK
AB This paper presents the landslide hazard assessment and slope-failure function using two Newmark displacement models regressed by regional and global station records. Taking the 2008 Wenchuan M-w 7.9 earthquake area as an example, based on the topographic and geological data of the study area, we prepared a factor-of-safety (Fs) map and a critical acceleration (a(c)) map, respectively. Then using these two simplified Newmark models, two displacement maps were compiled by combining the a(c) map and peak ground acceleration (PGA) map. By virtue of the actual landslide inventory of the W enchuan earthquake, we constructed the slope-failure probability curves of the two Newmark models. The results show that the abilities to predict landslide occurrence of the two simplified Newmark models are largely identical, by which the assessment results can well delineate the macroscopic distribution of coseismic landslides, and most predicted landslide cells are distributed on the two sides of the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault, especially Pengguan complex rock mass in the hanging wall of this fault. The probability equations of two Newmark models are roughly the same, though the parameters vary slightly. The probability equation proposed in this paper can be applied to the Wenchuan region and other areas with similar tectonic environments.
C1 [Ma, Siyuan; Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xuchong@ies.ac.cn
TC 27
Z9 28
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD OCT
PY 2019
VL 30
IS 5
BP 1020
EP 1030
DI 10.1007/s12583-019-0874-0
SC Geology
UT WOS:000491875400012
ER

PT J
AU Valagussa, A
   Frattini, P
   Valbuzzi, E
   Crosta, GB
AF Valagussa, A.
   Frattini, P.
   Valbuzzi, E.
   Crosta, G. B.
TI Role of landslides on the volume balance of the Nepal 2015 earthquake
   sequence
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; MOUNTAIN BELT; EROSION;
   EVOLUTION; SEDIMENT; MINXIAN; ALOS-2; CHINA; MODEL
AB The 7.8 M-w earthquake that struck Nepal on April 25th, 2015 triggered over 21,000 landslides over an area of more than 25,000 km(2). These landslides contributed to mass wasting, partially compensating the tectonic uplift by the earthquake. In this paper we quantify the volume balance resulting from the 2015 earthquake uplift (or subsidence) and landslide erosion. Starting from a new complete earthquake-induced landslide inventory, we calculated landslide volume by adopting different strategies for low-mobility and high-mobility landslides, considering also the potential supply of sediments to the drainage network. The results show that the contribution of earthquake-induced landslides to erosion is about one order of magnitude smaller than the vertical coseismic displacement. We found landslide volume values, due to the 2015 Nepal earthquake, ranging between 251 (- 15/+16) Mm(3) up to 1503 (- 183/+210) Mm(3) based on the adopted method, and a volume due to coseismic vertical displacement of 2134 (+/- 1269) Mm(3) for the whole area. The volume balance of the 2015 Nepal earthquake is strongly dominated by tectonic displacement. We show that these estimates depend on several uncertainties. We identified and quantified uncertainties related to: (1) the choice of empirical volume-area scaling relationships and their parameters; (2) the completeness and quality of landslide inventory through comparison with available inventories; (3) the approach adopted for the assessment of elongated landslide volume; (4) the InSAR displacement data.
C1 [Valagussa, A.; Frattini, P.; Valbuzzi, E.; Crosta, G. B.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Milan, Italy.
C3 University of Milano-Bicocca
RP Valagussa, A (corresponding author), Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Milan, Italy.
EM andrea.valagussa@unimib.it
TC 19
Z9 20
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD FEB 9
PY 2021
VL 11
IS 1
AR 3434
DI 10.1038/s41598-021-83037-y
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000684871900005
ER

PT J
AU Tian, YY
   Xu, C
   Hong, HY
   Zhou, Q
   Wang, D
AF Tian, Yingying
   Xu, Chong
   Hong, Haoyuan
   Zhou, Qing
   Wang, Duo
TI Mapping earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility by use of
   artificial neural network (ANN) models: an example of the 2013 Minxian
   (China) Mw 5.9 event
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Seismic landslides; Minxian earthquake; artificial neural network;
   susceptibility assessment; seismic factors
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; YIHUANG AREA CHINA; HOA BINH PROVINCE;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; COSEISMIC LANDSLIDES;
   DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; GIS; HAZARD; INVENTORY
AB A landslide susceptibility map, which describes the quantitative relationship between known landslides and control factors, is essential to link the theoretical prediction with practical disaster reduction measures. In this work, the artificial neural network (ANN) model, a promising tool for mapping landslide susceptibility, was adopted to evaluate the coseismic landslide susceptibility affected by the 2013 Minxian, Gansu, China, Mw5.9 earthquake. The evaluation was based on the landslide inventory of this event containing 6479 landslides, and the terrain, geological and seismic factors from database available. During the analyses, two ANN models were applied: considering the entire factors aforementioned (CS model) and excluding seismic factors above (ES model). The success and predictive rates of ANN models and the cumulative percentage curves of susceptibility maps obtained from the models all indicate that the CS model has a relatively better performance than the ES model. However, the comparison of overlapping susceptibility areas suggests that 52.8% of the very high susceptibility areas derived from the CS model coincide with the ES model; and for the very low susceptibility areas, this proportion is 73.55%. Thus, it can be concluded that the assessment based on existing earthquake-induced landslides and the ES model could provide better background information for seismic landslide susceptibility mapping and disaster prevention.
C1 [Tian, Yingying; Xu, Chong; Zhou, Qing; Wang, Duo] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Hong, Haoyuan] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Hong, Haoyuan] Jiangsu Ctr Collaborat Innovat Geog Informat Reso, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Nanjing
   Normal University; Nanjing Normal University
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM xuchong@ies.ac.cn
TC 76
Z9 89
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD JAN 1
PY 2019
VL 10
IS 1
BP 1
EP 25
DI 10.1080/19475705.2018.1487471
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000454617900001
ER

PT J
AU Lin, YM
   Deng, HJ
   Du, K
   Rafay, L
   Zhang, GS
   Li, J
   Chen, C
   Wu, CZ
   Lin, H
   Yu, W
   Fan, HL
   Ge, YG
AF Lin, Yongming
   Deng, Haojun
   Du, Kun
   Rafay, Loretta
   Zhang, Guang-Shuai
   Li, Jian
   Chen, Can
   Wu, Chengzhen
   Lin, Han
   Yu, Wei
   Fan, Hailan
   Ge, Yonggang
TI Combined effects of climate, restoration measures and slope position in
   change in soil chemical properties and nutrient loss across lands
   affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake in China
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; Different climate types; Treatments; Slope
   positions; Soil chemical properties; Characteristics of change
ID VEGETATION SUCCESSION; PLANT SUCCESSION; RIVER VALLEY; IMPACTS; CARBON;
   TERRESTRIAL; PHOSPHORUS; EROSION; CHRONOSEQUENCES; REFORESTATION
AB The MS 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 caused huge damage to land cover in the northwest of China's Sichuan province. In order to determine the nutrient loss and short term characteristics of change in soil chemical properties, we established an experiment with three treatments ('undestroyed', 'destroyed and treated', and 'destroyed and untreated'), two climate types (semi-arid hot climate and subtropical monsoon climate), and three slope positions (upslope, mid-slope, and bottom-slope) in 2011. Ten soil properties-including pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, Ca2+, Mg2+, alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium-were measured in surface soil samples in December 2014. Analyses were performed to compare the characteristics of 3-year change in soil chemical properties in two climate zones. This study revealed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, Ca2+ content, alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were significantly higher in subtropical monsoon climate zones than in semi-arid hot climate zones. However, subtropical monsoon climate zones had a higher decrease in soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen in 'destroyed and untreated' sites than in semi-arid hot climate zones. Most soil chemical properties exhibited significant interactions, indicating that they may degrade or develop concomitantly. 'Destroyed and treated' sites in both climate types had lower C: P and N: P ratios than ` destroyed and untreated' sites. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first, second, and third principal components explained 76.53% of the variation and might be interpreted as structural integrity, nutrient supply availability, and efficiency of soil; the difference of soil parent material; as well as weathering and leaching effects. Our study indicated that the characteristics of short termchange in soil properties were affected by climate types and treatments, but not slope positions.
   Our results provide useful information for the selection of restoration countermeasures in different climate types to facilitate ecological restoration and reconstruction strategies in earthquake-affected areas. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lin, Yongming; Deng, Haojun; Du, Kun; Zhang, Guang-Shuai; Li, Jian; Chen, Can; Wu, Chengzhen; Lin, Han; Yu, Wei; Fan, Hailan] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
   [Rafay, Loretta] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Wu, Chengzhen] Wuyi Univ, Coll Ecol & Resource Engn, Nanping 354300, Peoples R China.
   [Ge, Yonggang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, 9,Block 4,Renminnanlu Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University; University of Washington;
   University of Washington Seattle; Wuyi University, Fujian; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Ge, YG (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, 9,Block 4,Renminnanlu Rd, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM gyg@imde.ac.cn
TC 30
Z9 37
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
EI 1879-1026
PD OCT 15
PY 2017
VL 596
BP 274
EP 283
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.034
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000401557600030
ER

PT J
AU Ma, SY
   Shao, XY
   Li, K
   Xu, C
AF Ma, Siyuan
   Shao, Xiaoyi
   Li, Kai
   Xu, Chong
TI Landslides triggered by the 30th June 2012 Ms6.6 Hejing earthquake,
   Xinjiang province, China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE 2012 Hejing earthquake; Coseismic landslides; Seismogenic structure;
   Influencing factors; Aftershocks
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; TIEN-SHAN; INVENTORIES;
   MOUNTAIN; DATABASE; LUSHAN; SLOPE
AB On June 30th, 2012, at 05:07 local time, an Ms 6.6 earthquake (43.4 degrees N, 84.8 degrees E) struck Hejing County, Xinjiang Province (hereinafter called the Hejing earthquake). This study aims to establish a comprehensive landslide inventory associated with the Hejing earthquake based on pre- and post-quake RapidEye and Ikonos satellite images. According to the detailed landslide interpretations, this earthquake has triggered at least 453 coseismic landslides, with a total area of 0.66 km(2). The landslides are primarily shallow landslides, rockfalls, and rolling stones, with a few shallow debris flows. The landslides are predominantly distributed along the strike of the southern edge of the Awulale mountain fault (SEAMF), and most of them are concentrated near the epicenter, particularly in regions with PGAs exceeding 0.12 g. Statistically, landslide area density (LAD) increases as the hillslope gradient and relief increase, demonstrating a linear relationship. Notably, landslides are more likely to occur in high-elevation areas with significant reliefs and seismic activity such as aftershocks. Furthermore, over 80% of coseismic landslides occurred on the hanging wall of the SEAMF, and as the distance of the fault increases, the landslide abundance index rapidly decreases. Based on the focal source mechanisms, aftershock data, and landslide distributions, we suggest that the most dominant seismogenic structure of the Ms6.6 Hejing earthquake is the SEAMF.
C1 [Ma, Siyuan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Siyuan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Kai] Henan Inst Remote Sensing, Zhengzhou 450003, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 7
Z9 10
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUN
PY 2024
VL 83
IS 6
AR 256
DI 10.1007/s10064-024-03727-5
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001235655600002
ER

PT J
AU Ma, SY
   Xu, C
   Shao, XY
AF Ma, Siyuan
   Xu, Chong
   Shao, Xiaoyi
TI Spatial prediction strategy for landslides triggered by large
   earthquakes oriented to emergency response, mid-term resettlement and
   later reconstruction
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
DT Article
DE Lushan earthquake; Co-seismic landslide; Newmark model; Logistic
   regression (LR) model
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; REAL-TIME PREDICTION; COSEISMIC LANDSLIDES;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MODELS; HAZARD;
   INVENTORY; LUSHAN
AB To enhance the timeliness and accuracy of spatial prediction of co-seismic landslides, this paper proposes a prediction strategy in three phases: emergency response, mid-term resettlement and later reconstruction in the affected area. Taking the Lushan Ms 7.0 earthquake of 2013 as an example, it is stated as follows: In the emergency response phase, combining with topographic and geological data of the study area, the rapid assessment is conducted by the Newmark method without co-seismic landslide data. In the temporary resettlement phase with partial landslide data available, considering 10 factors including elevation, slope gradient, slope direction, topographic wetness index (TWI), peak ground acceleration (PGA), distances to the epicenter, distances to rivers, distances to roads, lithology and annual precipitation, a logistic regression (LR) model is established, and the spatial prediction of landslides is made. In the reconstruction phase with a complete landslide inventory, the incomplete data is replaced and the latest assessment is conducted based on the LR model. The accuracies of three phases are tested by using complete landslide data. The results show that the area under curve (AUC) values of the three stages is 0.59, 0.84 and 0.87, respectively. Such results can meet the requirement of spatial prediction of seismic landslides in each stage of disaster reduction.
C1 [Ma, Siyuan; Xu, Chong; Shao, Xiaoyi] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 27
Z9 31
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 2212-4209
PD FEB
PY 2020
VL 43
AR 101362
DI 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101362
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000509985700030
ER

PT J
AU Rao, PM
   Gao, X
   Zhou, HW
   Pan, LY
   Yang, BQ
   Li, L
AF Rao, Peimin
   Gao, Xing
   Zhou, Hongwei
   Pan, Longyang
   Yang, Baoquan
   Li, Liang
TI Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Grouting in Controlling
   Breaching of High-Permeability Landslide Dams of Granular Materials
SO WATER
DT Article
DE landslide dam; barrier lake; breaching process; model testing
ID HONGSHIYAN LANDSLIDE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MITIGATION MEASURES; FAILURE;
   PREDICTION; LAKE
AB The barrier lake formed by the high-speed landslide that blocks the river typically faces a high risk of failure due to its loose and fragmented structure, high permeability, and weak erosion resistance. Based on the characteristics of this type of landslide dam, this paper proposes a new method for emergency rescue of barrier lake outburst by grouting inside the dam. Through 16 groups of experiments, the effects of three key parameters-grouting depth, grouting point arrangement, and layout position-on outburst control were systematically studied, and the mechanism by which grouting technology reduces outbursts was clarified. The results show that the inhibitory effect of the grouting consolidation body on particle initiation and transport, as well as the water-blocking effect caused by guiding water flow around, can fundamentally explain the good flood detention performance of grouting technology by reducing the flow section, limiting breach widening, and narrowing water flow. The depth and position of grouting are key factors for the peak clipping effect. The grouting point should be accurately positioned in the key area subjected to water flow erosion (on the breach side), allowing for a more effective blocking effect with fewer grouting points. When the grouting points are concentrated on the breach side, there is an optimal threshold for the number of grouting points, and benefits diminish after this limit is exceeded. The results can be used for emergency rescue and engineering measures related to the landslide dam.
C1 [Rao, Peimin; Gao, Xing; Zhou, Hongwei; Pan, Longyang; Yang, Baoquan; Li, Liang] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Hongwei; Yang, Baoquan] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Sichuan University
RP Zhou, HW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.; Zhou, HW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM hw.zhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-4441
PD NOV 19
PY 2025
VL 17
IS 22
AR 3310
DI 10.3390/w17223310
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:001623488600001
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, ZY
   Wu, YH
   Zheng, L
   Bi, YZ
AF Zhu, Zhiyuan
   Wu, Yihan
   Zheng, Lu
   Bi, Yuzhang
TI Two key factors affecting rockslide-induced air blasts: rock strength
   and topography
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Rockslide-induced air blast; Rock strength; Topography; Fragmentation;
   CFD-DEM
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NIUMIANGOU LANDSLIDE; DEBRIS AVALANCHE;
   DYNAMIC-ANALYSIS; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; MODEL
AB Large rockslides can induce catastrophic air blasts, significantly expanding the scope of disaster impact. To better understand the evolution and key control factors of air blasts, this study uses the Niumian Valley rockslide-the largest rockslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-as a case study. A numerical method combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) was employed to simulate the dynamic process of the rockslide and the resultant air blast. Control experiments were conducted on rock masses of three different strengths to examine the influence of rock strength and topography on the dynamic characteristics of air blasts. The results indicate that (1) high-strength rock masses can generate more significant air blasts within a localized range; however, the range of disasters caused by air blasts from low-strength rock masses is even larger. (2) High-strength rock masses are primarily influenced by air resistance, which suppresses sliding, whereas low-strength rock masses are primarily affected by air-layer lubrication, which promotes sliding. (3) Topography plays a key role in the formation of air blasts, and significant air blast disasters are likely to occur near the collision points of barrier terrain and steep scarp bottoms, as well as near the exit of valley terrains.
C1 [Zhu, Zhiyuan; Wu, Yihan; Zheng, Lu] Fuzhou Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Fuzhou 350108, Peoples R China.
   [Bi, Yuzhang] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
C3 Fuzhou University; Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University
RP Zheng, L (corresponding author), Fuzhou Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Fuzhou 350108, Peoples R China.; Bi, YZ (corresponding author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
EM zhenglu@fzu.edu.cn; biyuzhang@fafu.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD AUG
PY 2025
VL 22
IS 8
BP 2541
EP 2559
DI 10.1007/s10346-025-02536-5
EA MAY 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001484610800001
ER

PT J
AU Han, Z
   Li, YE
   Du, YF
   Wang, WD
   Chen, GQ
AF Han, Zheng
   Li, Yange
   Du, Yinfei
   Wang, Weidong
   Chen, Guangqi
TI Noncontact detection of earthquake-induced landslides by an enhanced
   image binarization method incorporating with Monte-Carlo simulation
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Landslides; Image binarization; Local thresholding method; Monte-Carlo
   simulation; The Wenchuan Earthquake
ID DOCUMENT; MOBILITY
AB Detecting landslides using remote sensing images involves converting gray level images into binary images. Given the complex background and non-uniform illumination in the regional remote sensing image, the commonly-used global thresholding methods are limited to interpret some landslides those hidden in the shadow. In this paper, we report on an enhanced image thresholding method for the noncontact detection of earthquake-induced landslides. The proposed method incorporates Monte-Carlo simulation into the local thresholding method, and essential issues, regarding complex illumination condition and uncertainties of determining block size in local thresholding method, are addressed. To better separate landslide candidate objects from the background, we incorporate Digital Surface Model (DSM) into the binary image, such that the interferences by built-up areas, terraces, and rivers can be significantly reduced considering the indicator of slope gradient. The described method has been tested using two benchmark tests, showing that the proposed method performs well dealing with the complex background and illumination condition. As a case study, we use the proposed method to detect landslides in a remote sensing image near Beichuan area after the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. Results demonstrate that the presented method interprets landslides resembling those of manually visual delineation.
C1 [Han, Zheng; Li, Yange; Du, Yinfei; Wang, Weidong] Cent S Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Rd Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
   [Han, Zheng; Li, Yange] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Weidong] Cent S Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Engn Struct Heavy Haul Railway, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Guangqi] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan.
C3 Central South University; Chengdu University of Technology; Central
   South University; Kyushu University
RP Du, YF (corresponding author), Cent S Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Rd Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
EM yfdu_csu@csu.edu.cn
TC 21
Z9 25
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD JAN 1
PY 2019
VL 10
IS 1
BP 219
EP 241
DI 10.1080/19475705.2018.1520745
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000454489600001
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZJ
   Cai, H
   Shao, W
   Huang, D
   Uchimura, T
   Lei, XQ
   Tian, HL
   Qiao, JP
AF Yang, Zongji
   Cai, Huan
   Shao, Wei
   Huang, Dong
   Uchimura, Taro
   Lei, Xiaoqin
   Tian, Honglin
   Qiao, Jianping
TI Clarifying the hydrological mechanisms and thresholds for
   rainfall-induced landslide: in situ monitoring of big data to
   unsaturated slope stability analysis
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Rainfall-induced landslide; Hydrological mechanism; Multivariate
   thresholds; Early warning; Unsaturated condition; Big data
ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION CONTROL; DEBRIS FLOWS; INTENSITY; SYSTEM
AB The development of early warning systems for landslide hazards has long been a challenge because the accuracy of such systems is limited by both the complicated underlying mechanisms of landslides and the lack of in situ data. In this study, we implemented a multivariate threshold criterion that integrates in situ monitoring data and data from unsaturated hydro-mechanical analyses as an early warning system for rainfall-induced landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake region of China. The results indicate that rainfall intensity is closely correlated with the probability of landslide occurrence. Variations in matric suction and suction stress were obtained from in situ measurements and used to quantify the soil water retention curve, which presented clear hysteresis characteristics. The impacts of rainfall infiltration on slope failure in post-earthquake landslide areas under transient rainfall conditions were quantified by hydro-mechanical modelling theories. Variations in the suction stress of unsaturated soil were used to calculate the safety factor. The influence of hydrological hysteresis processes on the slope failure mechanism was analysed. Multivariate threshold criteria that include the intensity-probability (I-P) threshold, soil moisture and matric suction based on in situ big data and unsaturated slope stability analysis benchmarks are proposed for use in an early warning system for rainfall-induced landslides.
C1 [Yang, Zongji; Cai, Huan; Huang, Dong; Lei, Xiaoqin; Tian, Honglin; Qiao, Jianping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, 9,Block 4,South Renmin Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cai, Huan] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Wei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Hydrol & Water Resources, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Uchimura, Taro] Saitama Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Saitama 3388570, Japan.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Nanjing University of Information Science &
   Technology; Saitama University
RP Yang, ZJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, 9,Block 4,South Renmin Rd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yzj@imde.ac.cn
TC 57
Z9 66
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUN
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 4
BP 2139
EP 2150
DI 10.1007/s10064-018-1295-5
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000468075000001
ER

PT J
AU LiGerui
   LeiYalin
   YaoHuajun
   WuSanmang
   GeJianping
AF LiGerui
   LeiYalin
   YaoHuajun
   WuSanmang
   GeJianping
TI The influence of land urbanization on landslides: An empirical
   estimation based on Chinese provincial panel data
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslides; Land urbanization; Panel multiple regression; China
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODEL; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; SHALLOW-LANDSLIDE;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   CAUSATIVE FACTORS; COVER CHANGE; HAZARD; AREA
AB This study used panel data for 28 provinces and municipalities in China from 2003 to 2014 to investigate the relationship between land urbanization and landslides by building panel models for a national sample and subsamples from the three regions of China and studied the problems of landslide prevention measures based on the relationship. The results showed that 1) at the national level, the percentage of built-up area and road density are respectively negative and positive for landslides. 2) At the regional level, the improvement of landslide prevention measures with increasing economic development only appears in built-up areas. The percentage of built-up areas increases the number of landslides in the western region and decreases the number in the central and eastern regions; the degree of decrease in the eastern region is larger than in the central region. Road density increases the number of landslides in each region, and the degree increases gradually from the west to the east. 3) The effect of landslide prevention funding is not obvious. Although the amount of landslide prevention funds decreases the number of landslides at the national level, the degree of increase is too small. Except in the central region, the amount of landslide prevention funding did not decrease the number of landslides effectively in the western and eastern regions. We propose a series of policy implications based on these test results that may help to improve landslide prevention measures. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [LeiYalin] China Univ Geosci, Sch Humanities & Econ Management, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   Minist Land & Resources, Key Lab Carrying Capac Assessment Resource & Envi, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; Ministry of Natural Resources of the
   People's Republic of China
RP LeiYalin (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Sch Humanities & Econ Management, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM leiyalin@cugb.edu.cn
TC 36
Z9 45
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
EI 1879-1026
PD OCT 1
PY 2017
VL 595
BP 681
EP 690
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.258
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000401556800067
ER

PT J
AU Du, C
AF Du Cui
TI Deposition pattern of stony and muddy debris flow at the confluence area
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Stony flows; Muddy flows; Physical interactions; Damming ratio;
   Dominated stress
AB Debris flow fan affects the river profile and landscape evolution. The propagation of multiple debris flows along a river can cause inundation and breaching risk, which can be exemplified by the Min River after the Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan province, China. In this work, large flume tests were conducted to examine the interactions between debris flows and water current with the fan geometry, momentum, runout distance, deposited width, the relative water level upstream and dominated stress. The results reveal that stony flow commonly travels at a high speed and forms a long rectangle shape fan, while the muddy flow generally travels at a low speed and forms a fan-shaped depositional area. The stony flow can block a river even when the momentum is close to the water current; the muddy flow can block a river when the momentum is lower than that of water current. In case of complete river damming, the relative water level upstream indicates that the inundation risk from the muddy flow damming river would be higher than the inundation risk of stony flow. The diversion ratio of muddy flow decreases as damming ratio. Comparison of dimensionless numbers reveals that stony flow is dominated by grain collision stress combined with turbulent mixing stress, while the muddy flow is dominated by viscous shear stress over friction stress. The fan geometry, damming ratio, diversion ratio, and the dominated stress all together indicate that stony flow strongly interacts with water current while the muddy flow does not. The results can be helpful for understanding the physical interactions between water current and various debris flows, and debris flow dynamics at the channel confluence area.
C1 [Du Cui] Henan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Luoyang 471023, Peoples R China.
C3 Henan University of Science & Technology
RP Du, C (corresponding author), Henan Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Luoyang 471023, Peoples R China.
EM ducuio125@163.com
TC 2
Z9 3
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAR
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 3
BP 622
EP 634
DI 10.1007/s11629-020-6046-y
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000627411100005
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, S
   Zhang, LM
   Peng, M
   Zhang, LL
   Zhao, HF
   Chen, HX
AF Zhang, S.
   Zhang, L. M.
   Peng, M.
   Zhang, L. L.
   Zhao, H. F.
   Chen, H. X.
TI Assessment of risks of loose landslide deposits formed by the 2008
   Wenchuan earthquake
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID INDUCED SLOPE FAILURE; MOBILITY; HAZARD; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANGLE
AB A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based quantitative risk assessment methodology was adopted to evaluate the risks of loose deposits formed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake along a highway near the epicenter. A total of 305 loose deposits with a total volume of 4.0 x 10(7) m(3) has been identified. A physical model was used to determine the failure probability of these loose deposits under six rainfall scenarios, assuming the loose deposits as infinite slopes. The calculated probability of rain-induced slope failures is verified by the recorded landslides at the same site during a storm in 2010. Seventy-nine out of the 112 rain-induced loose deposit failures are predicted by the reliability analysis, with an accuracy of 71%. The results of reliability analysis and information on the consequence of these rain-induced landslides enable the estimation of the annual societal and individual risks of the loose deposits. Under the rainfall scenarios of 30 mm/12 h and 70 mm/12 h, the estimated annual societal risks reach 8.8 and 7.5, respectively, and the individual risks reach 0.05 and 0.04, respectively, which are very high compared with present risk acceptance criteria. The preliminary assessment provides a benchmark for studying the long-term risks of these loose deposits and engineering decision.
C1 [Zhang, S.; Zhang, L. M.; Peng, M.; Zhao, H. F.; Chen, H. X.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, L. L.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Shanghai Jiao Tong
   University
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 66
Z9 74
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 5
BP 1381
EP 1392
DI 10.5194/nhess-12-1381-2012
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000304061800012
ER

PT J
AU Guzzetti, F
   Mondini, AC
   Cardinali, M
   Fiorucci, F
   Santangelo, M
   Chang, KT
AF Guzzetti, Fausto
   Mondini, Alessandro Cesare
   Cardinali, Mauro
   Fiorucci, Federica
   Santangelo, Michele
   Chang, Kang-Tsung
TI Landslide inventory maps: New tools for an old problem
SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
DT Article
DE Geomorphology; Landslide; Inventory map; Remote sensing; Satellite
   Image; LiDAR
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; TIBER RIVER-BASIN; HAZARD ASSESSMENT;
   QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   INTERFEROMETRIC SAR; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; NORTHERN APENNINES; SATELLITE
   IMAGERY
AB Landslides are present in all continents, and play an important role in the evolution of landscapes. They also represent a serious hazard in many areas of the world. Despite their importance, we estimate that landslide maps cover less than 1% of the slopes in the landmasses, and systematic information on the type, abundance, and distribution of landslides is lacking. Preparing landslide maps is important to document the extent of landslide phenomena in a region, to investigate the distribution, types, pattern, recurrence and statistics of slope failures, to determine landslide susceptibility, hazard, vulnerability and risk, and to study the evolution of landscapes dominated by mass-wasting processes. Conventional methods for the production of landslide maps rely chiefly on the visual interpretation of stereoscopic aerial photography, aided by field surveys. These methods are time consuming and resource intensive. New and emerging techniques based on satellite, airborne, and terrestrial remote sensing technologies, promise to facilitate the production of landslide maps, reducing the time and resources required for their compilation and systematic update. In this work, we first outline the principles for landslide mapping, and we review the conventional methods for the preparation of landslide maps, including geomorphological, event, seasonal, and multi-temporal inventories. Next, we examine recent and new technologies for landslide mapping, considering (i) the exploitation of very-high resolution digital elevation models to analyze surface morphology, (ii) the visual interpretation and semiautomatic analysis of different types of satellite images, including panchromatic, multispectral, and synthetic aperture radar images, and (iii) tools that facilitate landslide field mapping. Next, we discuss the advantages and the limitations of the new remote sensing data and technology for the production of geomorphological, event, seasonal, and multi-temporal inventory maps. We conclude by arguing that the new tools will help to improve the quality of landslide maps, with positive effects on all derivative products and analyses, including erosion studies and landscape modeling, susceptibility and hazard assessments, and risk evaluations. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Guzzetti, Fausto; Mondini, Alessandro Cesare; Cardinali, Mauro; Fiorucci, Federica; Santangelo, Michele] CNR IRPI, I-06128 Perugia, Italy.
   [Mondini, Alessandro Cesare; Fiorucci, Federica; Santangelo, Michele] Univ Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
   [Chang, Kang-Tsung] Kainan Univ, Tao Yuan 33857, Taiwan.
C3 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto di Ricerca per la
   Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI-CNR); University of Perugia; Kainan
   University
RP Guzzetti, F (corresponding author), CNR IRPI, Via Madonna Alta 126, I-06128 Perugia, Italy.
EM F.Guzzetti@irpi.cnr.it
TC 1448
Z9 1618
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-8252
EI 1872-6828
PD APR
PY 2012
VL 112
IS 1-2
BP 42
EP 66
DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.02.001
SC Geology
UT WOS:000304726200003
ER

PT J
AU Song, KL
   Yang, HQ
   Liu, XC
   Liang, D
   Chen, LC
AF Song, Kanglei
   Yang, Haiqing
   Liu, Xinchang
   Liang, Dan
   Chen, Lichuan
TI Risk assessment on the stability of barrier dam induced by Caijiaba
   landslide, SW China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Barrier dam; Caijiaba landslide; Risk assessment; Fluid continuous
   motion equation; Numerical modeling; Geomorphological index approaches
ID JINSHA RIVER; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS FLOWS; NEW-ZEALAND; MODEL;
   RUNOUT; FAILURE; SICHUAN; HAZARD
AB The failure of barrier dams formed by landslides will cause flood disasters, a widespread problem worldwide. To reduce the damage of catastrophe caused by dam break, this research proposes a method to evaluate the barrier dam's stability quickly. This method has been verified in the case of the Caijiaba landslide in Yunyang County, Southwest China. This study uses the fluid continuous motion equation to simulate the propagation range and deposition square quantity of four potential landslide areas. The results show that the four landslides will eventually accumulate in the Longwang River Valley and form barrier dams. Then, combined with the geomorphological index approaches, the stability of the formed barrier dam is evaluated based on the numerical simulation results obtained and the critical value of geomorphic parameters given in the references. It is determined that the Caijiaba landslide cannot form a stable barrier dam in Longwang River, which will not cause dam-break disasters and do little harm to downstream villages. Compared with the existing barrier dam stability evaluation methods, the advantage of the method proposed in this study is that it can quickly obtain accurate evaluation results. Therefore, this method can be applied to the evolution state and stability evaluation of landslide dams with similar geological conditions. Additionally, this method can quickly obtain the evaluation results at a low cost, providing guidance and reference for the emergency early warning and risk assessment of landslide dam break disasters.
C1 [Song, Kanglei; Yang, Haiqing; Liu, Xinchang; Liang, Dan] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, State Key Lab Coal Mine Disaster Dynam & Control, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Kanglei; Yang, Haiqing; Liu, Xinchang; Liang, Dan] Natl Joint Engn Res Ctr Geohazards Prevent Reserv, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Liang, Dan; Chen, Lichuan] Minist Nat Resources, Technol Innovat Ctr Geohazards Automat Monitoring, Chongqing Inst Geol & Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's
   Republic of China
RP Yang, HQ (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, State Key Lab Coal Mine Disaster Dynam & Control, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.; Yang, HQ (corresponding author), Natl Joint Engn Res Ctr Geohazards Prevent Reserv, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
EM yanghaiqing06@163.com
TC 11
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUN
PY 2022
VL 81
IS 6
AR 235
DI 10.1007/s10064-022-02729-5
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000795139300002
ER

PT J
AU Fan, XM
   Xu, Q
   Scaringi, G
AF Fan, Xuanmei
   Xu, Qiang
   Scaringi, Gianvito
TI Brief communication: Post-seismic landslides, the tough lesson of a
   catastrophe
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; BAND SEISMIC NETWORK; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; CHINA; KINEMATICS; SOUTHWEST; SICHUAN; 1ST
AB The rock avalanche that destroyed the village of Xinmo in Sichuan, China, on 24 June 2017, brought the issue of landslide risk and disaster chain management in highly seismic regions back into the spotlight. The long-term post-seismic behaviour of mountain slopes is complex and hardly predictable. Nevertheless, the integrated use of field monitoring, remote sensing and real-time predictive modelling can help to set up effective early warning systems, provide timely alarms, optimize rescue operations, and perform secondary hazard assessments. We believe that a comprehensive discussion on post-seismic slope stability and on its implications for policy makers can no longer be postponed.
C1 [Fan, Xuanmei; Xu, Qiang; Scaringi, Gianvito] Chengdu Univ Technol, SKLGP, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Xu, Q; Scaringi, G (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, SKLGP, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM xuqiang_68@126.com; g.scaringi@qq.com
TC 31
Z9 37
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PD JAN 26
PY 2018
VL 18
IS 1
BP 397
EP 403
DI 10.5194/nhess-18-397-2018
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000423454700001
ER

PT J
AU Fan, G
   Zhang, LM
   Zhang, JJ
   Ouyang, F
AF Fan, Gang
   Zhang, Li-Min
   Zhang, Jian-Jing
   Ouyang, Fang
TI Energy-Based Analysis of Mechanisms of Earthquake-Induced Landslide
   Using Hilbert-Huang Transform and Marginal Spectrum
SO ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Landslide; Seismic Hilbert energy; Failure mechanism; Hilbert-Huang
   Transform; Marginal spectrum; Earthquake
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; ROCK FAILURE; SLOPE; MODEL;
   DAMAGE; IDENTIFICATION; DECOMPOSITION; FRACTURE; RELEASE
AB Based on the Hilbert-Huang Transform and its marginal spectrum, an energy-based method is proposed to analyse the dynamics of earthquake-induced landslides and a case study is presented to illustrate the proposed method. The results show that the seismic Hilbert energy in the sliding mass of a landslide is larger than that in the sliding bed when subjected to seismic excitations, causing different dynamic responses between the sliding mass and the sliding bed. The seismic Hilbert energy transits from the high-frequency components to the low-frequency components when the seismic waves propagate through the weak zone, causing a nonuniform seismic Hilbert energy distribution in the frequency domain. Shear failure develops first at the crest and toe of the sliding mass due to resonance effects. Meanwhile, the seismic Hilbert energy in the frequency components of 3-5 Hz, which is close to the natural frequency of the slope, is largely dissipated in the initiation and failure processes of the landslide. With the development of dynamic failure, the peak energy transmission ratios in the weak zone decrease gradually. This study offers an energy-based interpretation for the initiation and progression of earthquake-induced landslides with the shattering-sliding failure type.
C1 [Fan, Gang; Zhang, Li-Min] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Jian-Jing; Ouyang, Fang] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Southwest Jiaotong
   University
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM fangang@ust.hk; cezhangl@ust.hk; jianzhang1102@home.swjtu.edu.cn;
   ouyangfang26@126.com
TC 51
Z9 57
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI Vienna
PA Prinz-Eugen-Strasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, AUSTRIA
SN 0723-2632
EI 1434-453X
PD SEP
PY 2017
VL 50
IS 9
BP 2425
EP 2441
DI 10.1007/s00603-017-1245-8
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000408918600011
ER

PT J
AU Nie, YP
   Li, XZ
   Zhou, W
   Xu, RC
AF Nie, Yinping
   Li, Xiuzhen
   Zhou, Wendy
   Xu, Ruichi
TI Dynamic hazard assessment of group-occurring debris flows based on a
   coupled model
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Group-occurring debris flows; Dynamic hazard assessment; Coupled model;
   TRIGRS model; Flow-R model
ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; RAINFALL; TRIGRS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SIMULATION;
   VALIDATION; EVENT
AB A scientific hazard zoning of debris flows can ensure that human activities are not performed therein, thereby reducing economic loss as much as possible. In this study, by considering the formation background conditions of mountain hazards and dynamic rainfall conditions, the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS) and Flow path assessment of gravitational hazards at a Regional scale (Flow-R) are organically combined to establish a new coupled model for debris flow dynamic hazard assessment from the viewpoint of landslides providing the material source of debris flows. The coupled model was employed in Qingping township, Sichuan province of China, which was severely damaged by the "5 center dot 12" Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. Evaluation results show that the accuracy of the coupled model is 87.98%, which is significantly higher than that of the static Flow-R model (75.51%). This study not only considers the effect of the formation condition of mountain hazards and rainfall-induced shallow landslides on the source of debris flows, but also realises real-time hazard assessment and prediction of group-occurring debris flows. The coupled model used in this study provides a new perspective and is paramount for improving the accuracy and reliability of debris flow hazard assessment.
C1 [Nie, Yinping; Li, Xiuzhen; Xu, Ruichi] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Nie, Yinping; Li, Xiuzhen; Xu, Ruichi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Nie, Yinping] Ctr Longgang Town Kaiyang Cty, Village & Town Construct Serv, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Xiuzhen; Zhou, Wendy] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Colorado School of Mines
RP Li, XZ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Li, XZ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Li, XZ (corresponding author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM lxzljt@imde.ac.cn
TC 18
Z9 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD APR
PY 2021
VL 106
IS 3
BP 2635
EP 2661
DI 10.1007/s11069-021-04558-3
EA FEB 2021
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000622221000002
ER

PT J
AU Ferrario, MF
AF Ferrario, M. F.
TI Landslides triggered by multiple earthquakes: insights from the 2018
   Lombok (Indonesia) events
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Coseismic landslide; ESI scale; Earthquake environmental effects;
   Internet macroseismology; Lombok
ID EASTERN SUNDA ARC; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INTENSITY; HAZARD; INVENTORIES;
   SIZE
AB Earthquake-triggered landslides significantly contribute to worsening the impact of seismic events; thus, comprehensive landslide inventories are essential for improving seismic hazard assessment. During complex seismic sequences, landslides are triggered by more than one event and the final inventory reflects the spatial and temporal evolution of the sequence. Here, I analyze the landslides triggered by the 2018 Lombok (Indonesia) seismic sequence. I use high-resolution satellite imagery to map 4823 landslides triggered after the 05/08/2018 event (M-w 6.9) and 9319 landslides after the 19/08/2018 event (M-w 6.9). I analyze the distribution and evolution over time of landslide density and landslide area percentage. Despite the significant increase in number and cumulative area of the landslides, the 05/08 and 19/08 events share the maximum dimension of individual landslides; this suggests that the maximum intensity is equal for the two events, i.e., X on the Environmental Scale Intensity scale. I compare the distribution of landslides with macroseismic information provided by eyewitnesses through online questionnaires. Finally, I investigate the role of earthquake environmental effects within seismic sequences, showing that effects on the natural environment provide complementary information with respect to traditional intensity and felt reports.
C1 [Ferrario, M. F.] Univ Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy.
C3 University of Insubria
RP Ferrario, MF (corresponding author), Univ Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy.
EM francesca.ferrario@uninsubria.it
TC 48
Z9 51
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD SEP
PY 2019
VL 98
IS 2
BP 575
EP 592
DI 10.1007/s11069-019-03718-w
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000499657300011
ER

PT J
AU Tanya, H
   Kirschbaum, D
   Görüm, T
   Westen, CJ
   Tang, CX
   Lombardo, L
AF Tanya, Hakan
   Kirschbaum, Dalia
   Gorum, Tolga
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Tang, Chenxiao
   Lombardo, Luigi
TI A closer look at factors governing landslide recovery time in
   post-seismic periods
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; Earthquake; Recovery; Rainfall; Post-seismic landslide
   processes
ID 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; VEGETATION RECOVERY; ROOT
   REINFORCEMENT; EROSION; RATES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EVOLUTION; SCALE; AREA
AB Earthquakes increase landslide susceptibility in post-seismic periods. The time required for restoring preearthquake susceptibility levels is defined as landslide recovery time. Overall, stronger earthquakes are associated with relatively long recovery times in the literature. However, the seismic effect does not explain the whole process. This paper provides insight into factors governing this process. We hypothesize that the dominant post-seismic landsliding process (i.e., new or remobilized landslides), which is governed by the interactions between co-seismic landslide deposits and seismotectonic, morphologic and climatic conditions of a site, is the key to understand the physics behind the landslide recovery time. To test this argument, we analyze 11 earthquake-affected areas associated with seismic variables (i.e., earthquake magnitude and peak ground acceleration) and four environmental factors: (1) the fraction of area affected by co-seismic landslides (FAAL), (2) local relief, (3) average daily precipitation of extreme events (mm/day) and (4) rainfall seasonality. Our findings show that in areas with limited co-seismic landslide deposits (FAAL <similar to 1%) or not enough local relief (<300 m) allowing co-seismic materials to be deposited on hillslopes, then the recovery processes are mostly controlled by new landslides caused by strength reduction of hillslope materials. This mostly results in a relatively quick recovery (<similar to 1 year), which is also correlated with the seasonality of precipitation. The prolonged precipitation makes the recovery process quicken. If the predisposing factors create large co-seismic landslide deposits on hillslopes (FAAL > similar to 1%), then remobilization of material takes the role of the dominant mechanism and recovery may take longer than a year. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Tanya, Hakan; van Westen, Cees J.; Lombardo, Luigi] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Tanya, Hakan; Kirschbaum, Dalia] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
   [Tanya, Hakan] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
   [Gorum, Tolga] Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasia Inst Earth Sci, Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Tang, Chenxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazard & Environm, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Twente; National Aeronautics & Space Administration
   (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Universities Space Research
   Association (USRA); Istanbul Technical University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Tanya, H (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM h.tanyas@utwente.nl
TC 26
Z9 29
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD OCT 15
PY 2021
VL 391
AR 107912
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107912
EA AUG 2021
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000702576200005
ER

PT J
AU Brain, MJ
   Rosser, NJ
   Sutton, J
   Snelling, K
   Tunstall, N
   Petley, DN
AF Brain, Matthew J.
   Rosser, Nick J.
   Sutton, Jerry
   Snelling, Karl
   Tunstall, Neil
   Petley, David N.
TI The effects of normal and shear stress wave phasing on coseismic
   landslide displacement
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
DT Article
DE landslide; earthquake; Newmark analysis; wave phasing
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STRONG GROUND
   MOTIONS; 1999 CHI-CHI; SEISMIC-WAVES; PACOIMA-CANYON; SLOPE-FAILURE;
   STRENGTH; MODELS; AMPLIFICATION
AB Predictive models used to assess the magnitude of coseismic landslide strain accumulation in response to earthquake ground shaking typically consider slope-parallel ground accelerations only and ignore both the influence of coseismic slope-normal ground accelerations and the phase relationship between dynamic slope-normal and slope-parallel accelerations. We present results of a laboratory study designed to assess the significance of the phase offset between slope-normal and slope-parallel cyclic stresses on the generation of coseismic landslide displacements. Using a dynamic back-pressured shearbox that is capable of simulating variably phased slope-normal and slope-parallel dynamic loads, we subjected sediment samples to a range of dynamic loading scenarios indicative of earthquake-induced ground shaking. We detail the variations in strain accumulation observed when slope-normal and slope-parallel stresses occur independently and simultaneously, both in and out of phase, using a range of dynamic stress amplitudes. Our results show that the instantaneous phasing of dynamic stresses is critical in determining the amount of coseismic landslide displacement, which may vary by up to an order of magnitude based solely on wave-phasing effects. Instantaneous strain rate is an exponential function of the distance normal to the Mohr Coulomb failure envelope in plots of shear stress against normal effective stress. This distance is strongly controlled by the phase offset between dynamic normal and shear stresses. Our results demonstrate that conditions considered by conventional coseismic slope stability models can either overestimate or underestimate earthquake-induced landslide displacement by up to an order of magnitude. This has important implications for accurate assessment of coseismic landslide hazard.
C1 [Brain, Matthew J.; Rosser, Nick J.; Tunstall, Neil] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
   [Brain, Matthew J.; Rosser, Nick J.; Tunstall, Neil] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
   [Sutton, Jerry; Snelling, Karl] GDS Instruments, Hook, Hants, England.
   [Petley, David N.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
C3 Durham University; Durham University; University of East Anglia
RP Brain, MJ (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
EM matthew.brain@durham.ac.uk
TC 14
Z9 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
PD JUN
PY 2015
VL 120
IS 6
BP 1009
EP 1022
DI 10.1002/2014JF003417
SC Geology
UT WOS:000357994400004
ER

PT J
AU Yang, Y
   Cao, SY
   Yang, KJ
   Li, WP
AF Yang Yang
   Cao Shu-you
   Yang Ke-jun
   Li Wen-ping
TI Experimental study of breach process of landslide dams by overtopping
   and its initiation mechanisms
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS
DT Article
DE experimental study; landslide dams; breach process; overtopping; breach
   initiation; seepage; headward erosion
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; EROSION
AB The present paper studies the physics of the breach erosion process, particularly, the breach initiation process in over-topped landslide dams. Due to great complexities involved, only homogeneous landslide dams are considered. The flume experiments of dam overtopping are conducted to study the breach growth process. And in order to reveal the effects of the seepage during the breach development, the permeability characteristics of the dam materials are also taken into consideration. With the experimental observation, the details of the breach growth are examined, and the whole breach process could be distinguished into five stages, i.e., Stage I, the seepage erosion, Stage II, the formation of the initial breach, Stage III, the erosion toward the head, Stage IV, the expansion and incision of the breach, and Stage V, the re-equilibration of the river channel through the breach. It is shown that once triggered the entire breach process goes continually without stop, which highlights the significant impact of the early stages on the later deformation of the dam. Evidence shows that the initial breach of the dam is most likely to take place in the downstream slope of the dam, near the upper edge of the seepage face. The experimental results show a "headcut" mechanism of the breach initiation.
C1 [Yang Yang; Cao Shu-you; Yang Ke-jun; Li Wen-ping] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Yang Yang] Tianjin Res Inst Water Transport Engn, Minist Transport, Key Lab Engn Sediment, Tianjin 300456, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport
   Engineering
RP Li, WP (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM yangyangscu@163.com; liwpzy@126.com
TC 41
Z9 52
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1001-6058
EI 1878-0342
PD DEC
PY 2015
VL 27
IS 6
BP 872
EP 883
DI 10.1016/S1001-6058(15)60550-9
SC Mechanics
UT WOS:000367637500007
ER

PT J
AU Vanani, AAG
   Shoaei, G
   Zare, M
AF Ghaedi Vanani, Ali Asghar
   Shoaei, Gholamreza
   Zare, Mehdi
TI Statistical analyses of landslide size and spatial distribution
   triggered by 1990 Rudbar-Manjil (Mw 7.3) earthquake, northern Iran:
   revised inventory, and controlling factors
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslide size and distribution; Rudbar-Manjil earthquake; Statistical
   analysis; Controlling factors
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC LANDSLIDES; GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; TAROM
   EARTHQUAKE; MOUNTAIN BELT; HAZARD; VOLUME; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHINA; MODEL
AB This study is a revised inventory of landslides triggered by the Rudbar-Manjil earthquake (Mw = 7.3), 1990, obtained through the study of Komak Panah and Hafezi Moghadas (1993), interpretations of the stereoscopic aerial photos, and field data. We mapped the 223 coherent landslides with a total area of 11.3 km(2) and a calculated volume of 3.8 x 10(8) m(3) using a digital elevation model (DEM, 12.5 m) within the geographical information system (GIS) software. The correlation between landslide occurrence (size and distribution) and the controlling factors was analyzed using the bivariate model and the linear automated modeling (LINEAR) procedure in the SPSS software. Both LINEAR models of landslide volume (LV, m(3)) and landslide area (LA, m(2)) indicate the distance from the fault surface rupture is the most influencing factor on size prediction of coseismic landslides. The LA is more dependent on seismic factors, whereas the LV is on the lithology and topographic factors. The result of principal component analysis (PCA) model, using the GIS, showed that most landslides occurred in the red band (including 95% of the variance of controlling factors). Thus, the selected factors to investigate the landslide occurrence are valid and the PCA can be used to identify regions prone to coseismic landslides. The curves of landslide number density (LND, landslides/km(2)), landslide area percentage (LAP, landslide area/total area%), LA, and LV have a multimodal distribution (several patterns of response) by the topographic and seismic factors. It is recommended that other models be applied to better investigate the local effects of factors on the coseismic landslides.
C1 [Ghaedi Vanani, Ali Asghar; Shoaei, Gholamreza] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Engn Geol, Tehran, Iran.
   [Zare, Mehdi] Int Inst Earthquake Engn & Seismol IIEES, Engn Seismol, Tehran, Iran.
C3 Tarbiat Modares University
RP Shoaei, G (corresponding author), Tarbiat Modares Univ, Engn Geol, Tehran, Iran.
EM shoaei@modares.ac.ir
TC 11
Z9 11
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD APR
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 4
BP 3381
EP 3403
DI 10.1007/s10064-021-02106-8
EA JAN 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000610509300001
ER

PT J
AU Guo, CB
   Montgomery, DR
   Zhang, YS
   Wang, K
   Yang, ZH
AF Guo, Changbao
   Montgomery, David R.
   Zhang, Yongshuang
   Wang, Ke
   Yang, Zhihua
TI Quantitative assessment of landslide susceptibility along the Xianshuihe
   fault zone, Tibetan Plateau, China
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Xianshuihe fault; GIS; Landslide; Active fault
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FREQUENCY RATIO;
   CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; NEURAL-NETWORKS; EVIDENCE MODEL; WEST SICHUAN;
   GIS; HAZARD; AREA
AB The Xianshuihe fault (XSF) zone is a sinistral-slip fault system on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, with high Quaternary activity and frequent historic earthquakes. Large landslides along the fault zone have caused substantial damage and are the second-most important regional hazard after earthquakes. A landslide inventory in a 7339-km(2) area along the XSF zone documented 415 landslides and evaluated landslide distribution characteristics using frequency ratio (FR) and weight-of-evidence (WOE) models to map landslide susceptibility. A total of 11 variables were analyzed as input variables: slope angle, slope aspect, altitude, planform curvature, topographic wetness index, distance from active faults, lithology, annual rainfall, distance from rivers, distance from roads, and the NDVI of the study area. Among these factors, the distance from active faults, altitude, slope angle, aspect, lithology, and rainfall were the dominant influencing factors. Assessment of six susceptibility mapping schemes with FR and WOE models using the ROC method showed that, while all six of the model schemes produced good results, on the whole, the FR model performed better than the WOE model. The landslide susceptibility map of the FR model with six variables performed as well as the WOE model with the full 11 variables. Inclusion of more variables did not necessarily translate into a better predictive capability. Several factors typically associated with susceptibility to rainfall-triggered landslides-topographic convergence, rainfall, and topographic wetness index-either did not follow expected patterns (rainfall) or were not good general predictors of landslide locations (topographic convergence and wetness index). In contrast distance to active faults, slope aspect, and topographic divergence were the best predictors as measured by the FR method. This combination points to earthquakes rather than rainfall as the dominant landslide-triggering mechanism in the study area. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Guo, Changbao; Zhang, Yongshuang; Wang, Ke; Yang, Zhihua] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Changbao; Zhang, Yongshuang; Yang, Zhihua] Minist Land & Resources, Key Lab Neotecton Movement & Geohazard, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Montgomery, David R.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Ministry of
   Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; University of
   Washington; University of Washington Seattle
RP Guo, CB (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM guochangbao@cags.ac.cn
TC 128
Z9 167
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD NOV 1
PY 2015
VL 248
BP 93
EP 110
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.07.012
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000361867900008
ER

PT J
AU Yin, ZQ
   Chen, L
   Shao, H
   Sun, D
   Qin, XG
   Li, DM
AF Yin, Zhiqiang
   Chen, Liang
   Shao, Hai
   Sun, Dong
   Qin, Xiaoguang
   Li, Dameng
TI Formation mechanisms of large-scale ancient landslides in the Meigu
   River basin, eastern margin of Tibetan plateau
SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
DT Article
DE Large-scale ancient landslides; Formation mechanisms; Climatic
   fluctuations; Meigu river basin; Tibetan Plateau
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; YELLOW-RIVER;
   HOLOCENE; CLASSIFICATION; CHINA
AB As one of the most serious natural hazards, landslides have caused extensive destruction to buildings and natural environments worldwide. However, the formation mechanisms of ancient landslides remain poorly understood due to the lack of detailed landslide inventories and chronological constraints. In this study, we present a systematic investigation of large-scale landslides in the Meigu River Basin (MRB), located on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in southwest China. Using high-spatiotemporal-resolution remote-sensing imagery, field verification, and a series of radiometric dates, we aim to examine the potential triggers of regional landslide activity. The results show that large-scale ancient landslides were mainly controlled by active faults, folds, joints, and soft interlayers, which rendered rock groups susceptible to movement. The integration of radiocarbon (14C) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating indicates that the MRB landslides developed during three main periods: the last glacial (66-40 ka), the late Pleistocene to early Holocene (20-9 ka), and the middle to late Holocene (6-0.2 ka). These results suggest a close coupling between large-scale ancient landslide formation and climatic fluctuations. Overall, this study highlights that geological controls and climatic triggers were the two key factors governing large-scale landslide development in the region.
C1 [Yin, Zhiqiang; Shao, Hai] China Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Comprehens Nat Resources Survey, Beijing 100055, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Liang] Sichuan Inst Comprehens Geol Survey, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Sun, Dong; Li, Dameng] Sichuan Geol Environm Survey & Res Ctr, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Qin, Xiaoguang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Yin, ZQ (corresponding author), China Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Comprehens Nat Resources Survey, Beijing 100055, Peoples R China.
EM yinzhiqiang@mail.cgs.gov.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1040-6182
EI 1873-4553
PD JAN 1
PY 2026
VL 751
AR 110045
DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2025.110045
EA NOV 2025
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001617683900001
ER

PT J
AU Liu, Y
   Xu, PH
   Cao, C
   Shan, B
   Zhu, KX
   Ma, QY
   Zhang, ZS
   Yin, H
AF Liu, Yue
   Xu, Peihua
   Cao, Chen
   Shan, Bo
   Zhu, Kuanxing
   Ma, Qiuyang
   Zhang, Zongshuo
   Yin, Han
TI A comparative evaluation of machine learning algorithms and an improved
   optimal model for landslide susceptibility: a case study
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; support vector machine; maximum entropy;
   random forest; artificial neural network; Xulong gully
ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GIS;
   ENTROPY; BASIN; SVM; SELECTION; ZONATION; TREE
AB In this study, four representative machine learning methods (support vector machine (SVM), maximum entropy (MaxEnt), random forest (RF), and artificial neural network (ANN)) were employed to construct a landslide susceptibility map (LSM) in Xulong Gully (XLG), southwest China. The models were subsequently compared in order to select the best-performing model. This model was further improved to optimize the machine learning method. A total of 16 layers were extracted from the collected data and employed as conditional factors for the correlation analysis and subsequent modelling. The LSMs were then divided into four levels (very high susceptibility (VH), high susceptibility (H), moderate susceptibility (M) and low susceptibility (L)). The results were verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Frequency Ratio (FR). The higher of the area under ROC curve (AUC) and the lower the RMSE, the more accurate and stable the performance. Following the factor performance analysis, the optimal SVM model was linearity improved to the Trace Ratio Criterion (TRC)-SVM, with a better performance and the ability to overcome the factor defect. The comprehensive comparisons and proposed LSM can support future research, as well as local authorities in the development of landslide remission strategies.
C1 [Liu, Yue; Xu, Peihua; Cao, Chen; Zhu, Kuanxing; Ma, Qiuyang; Zhang, Zongshuo; Yin, Han] Jilin Univ, Coll Construct Engn, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China.
   [Shan, Bo] Northeast Elect Power Design Inst Co Ltd, Engn Dept, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China.
C3 Jilin University
RP Cao, C (corresponding author), Jilin Univ, Coll Construct Engn, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China.
EM ccao@jlu.edu.cn
TC 12
Z9 13
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PD JAN 1
PY 2021
VL 12
IS 1
BP 1973
EP 2001
DI 10.1080/19475705.2021.1955018
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000678965100001
ER

PT J
AU Chen, G
   Jin, JC
   Meng, XM
   Qi, TJ
   Shi, W
   Chong, Y
   Yang, YP
   Bian, SQ
AF Chen, Guan
   Jin, Jiacheng
   Meng, Xingmin
   Qi, Tianjun
   Shi, Wei
   Chong, Yan
   Yang, Yunpeng
   Bian, Shiqiang
TI Influence of tectonic effects on the formation and characteristics of
   landslide dams on the NE Tibetan Plateau: a case study in the Bailong
   River Basin, China
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide dams; Tectonics; Fluvial incision; Tectonically active
   mountainous areas
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FLUVIAL INCISION; DEFORMATION; RATES; CONSTRAINTS;
   PREDICTION; STABILITY; MOBILITY; VALLEY; SLOPE
AB Hazards created by the landslide damming of rivers have become common in tectonically active mountainous areas. However, it remains unclear how tectonic effects may influence the formation and characteristics of landslide dams. The purpose of this paper is to explore how tectonic effects impact the drivers, geomorphic features, and activity characteristics of landslide dams along a fault zone. We investigated 83 landslide dams clustered along a fault zone in the Bailong River Basin. Most of the dams are located in areas of high tectonic stress, resulting from the rapid river incision and destruction of slope structure caused by intense tectonic activities in these areas. Statistical analysis, InSAR monitoring, and field investigation revealed that different tectonic effects were associated with significant differences in the geomorphic features, activity characteristics, and controlling factors of the landslide dams. Thus, we identified three distinct patterns of landslide dams in tectonically active mountainous areas: (1) Topography-driven landslide dams are caused by rapid rock uplift and river incision. Here, the steep terrain enhances the development of small landslides, the narrowness of the channels favors river damming, and the residual deposits on the hillslope remain active. (2) Tectonic activities promote the development of structural planes in the rock mass and reduce its strength, ultimately forming structural plane-controlled landslide dams. Although their volumes are not very large, the strong erosion resistance of rockslides can cause river damming and maintain the stability of deposits. (3) Fractured rock mass-controlled landslide dams are composed of broken rock and fault gouge. The extremely low strength of these materials allows them to form very large landslides that can easily dam the river, and maintain a slow-moving state. Through a geomorphological and geological model, our study offers new insights and enhances the understanding of the formation and characteristics of landslide dams induced by tectonic activity in mountainous regions.
C1 [Chen, Guan; Jin, Jiacheng; Meng, Xingmin; Qi, Tianjun; Yang, Yunpeng] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Guan; Jin, Jiacheng; Meng, Xingmin; Qi, Tianjun; Shi, Wei; Chong, Yan; Bian, Shiqiang] Lanzhou Univ, Technol & Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazards P, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Wei; Chong, Yan; Yang, Yunpeng; Bian, Shiqiang] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Guan; Jin, Jiacheng; Meng, Xingmin; Qi, Tianjun; Shi, Wei; Chong, Yan; Yang, Yunpeng; Bian, Shiqiang] Lanzhou Univ, Gansu Geohazards Field Observat & Res Stn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou
   University
RP Jin, JC (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.; Jin, JC (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Technol & Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazards P, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.; Jin, JC (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Gansu Geohazards Field Observat & Res Stn, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM jinjch21@lzu.edu.cn
TC 4
Z9 4
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD SEP
PY 2024
VL 21
IS 9
BP 2135
EP 2153
DI 10.1007/s10346-024-02273-1
EA JUN 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001238514700003
ER

PT J
AU Qi, WW
   Wei, MF
   Yang, WT
   Xu, C
   Ma, C
AF Qi, Wenwen
   Wei, Mengfei
   Yang, Wentao
   Xu, Chong
   Ma, Chao
TI Automatic Mapping of Landslides by the ResU-Net
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE regional landslide mapping; remote sensing; deep learning models
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NETWORKS
AB Massive landslides over large regions can be triggered by heavy rainfalls or major seismic events. Mapping regional landslides quickly is important for disaster mitigation. In recent years, deep learning methods have been successfully applied in many fields, including landslide automatic identification. In this work, we proposed a deep learning approach, the ResU-Net, to map regional landslides automatically. This method and a baseline model (U-Net) were collectively tested in Tianshui city, Gansu province, where a heavy rainfall triggered more than 10,000 landslides in July 2013. All models were performed on a 3-band (near infrared, red, and green) GeoEye-1 image with a spatial resolution of 0.5 m. At such a fine spatial resolution, the study area is spatially heterogeneous. The tested study area is 128 km(2), 80% of which was used to train models and the remaining 20% was used to validate accuracy of the models. This proposed ResU-Net achieved higher accuracy than the baseline U-Net model in this mountain region, where F1 improved by 0.09. Compared with the U-Net model, this proposed model (ResU-Net) performs better in discriminating landslides from bare floodplains along river valleys and unplanted terraces. By incorporating environmental information, this ResU-Net may also be applied to other landslide mapping, such as landslide susceptibility and hazard assessment.
C1 [Qi, Wenwen; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Wenwen] Beijing Twenty First Century Sci & Technol Dev Co, Beijing 100096, Peoples R China.
   [Wei, Mengfei] Twenty First Century Aerosp Technol Co Ltd, Beijing 100096, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Wentao; Ma, Chao] Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Soil & Water Conservat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Forestry University
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM qiww@lreis.ac.cn; mengfei.wei@ia.ac.cn; yang_wentao@bjfu.edu.cn;
   qiww@lreis.ac.cn; machao1986@bjfu.edu.cn
TC 99
Z9 115
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD AUG
PY 2020
VL 12
IS 15
AR 2487
DI 10.3390/rs12152487
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000559562100001
ER

PT J
AU Xie, J
   Coulthard, TJ
   Cao, J
   Wu, JH
   Wang, M
AF Xie, Jun
   Coulthard, Tom J.
   Cao, Juan
   Wu, Jinhui
   Wang, Ming
TI How does landslide debris grain size control sediment transport and
   dynamics?
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide; CAESAR-Lisflood; GSD variation; Grain coarsening; Sediment
   dynamics
ID LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; RIVER-BASIN; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; MODEL;
   HILLSLOPE; MOVEMENT
AB The grain size of sediment delivered to a river by hillslope processes is an important factor which could impact fluvial erosion, sediment transport, and associated geomorphic changes. Grain size distribution (GSD) is increasingly recognised as an important factor for the impact of landslides on sediment pulses and long-term erosion rates. Therefore a better comprehension of grain size control on landslide-generated sediment transport and dynamics will help with understanding post-seismic fluvial processes and landscape evolution. In this study, we modelled the recovery of the Hongxi River basin affected by the Wenchuan earthquake under different landslide GSD scenarios. The CAESAR-Lisflood (CL) model was first modified to enable the spatial input of sediment GSD, which allows the model to distinguish the grain size composition of landslide sediment and the background sediment sourced from other areas. Using the modified CL model, we simulated three different landslide GSD scenarios (Original, Coarser, Finer) by altering the original landslide sediment GSD observed from a post-earthquake basin. In particular, we analysed the fate of landslide-generated sediment using a new sediment tracing function embedded in CL. This enabled us to evaluate the role of landslide GSD variation on the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of sediment transport. Our results show that the GSD of landslide material exerts a clear control on both sediment yield and channel deposition, the sediment transport of landslides disconnected to the fluvial system is more sensitive to grain size variation, while the GSD of landslides connected to the fluvial system has less impact on sediment dynamics. The duration of landslide disturbances on basin sediment dynamics can largely be dependent on the period of time (e.g., 20 years in this study basin) taken for grain coarsening (the grain size is increasing upward), which is dominated by the evacuation of fine sediments. The modelling results and findings highlight the importance of grain size distribution of landslide material and provide information to support basin sediment management and environmental risk mitigation.
C1 [Xie, Jun; Cao, Juan; Wang, Ming] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Natl Safety & Emergency Management, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Xie, Jun; Coulthard, Tom J.] Univ Hull, Energy & Environm Inst, Kingston Upon Hull, England.
   [Cao, Juan] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog, Singapore, Singapore.
   [Wu, Jinhui] China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, China Geol Survey, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ming] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; University of Hull; National University of
   Singapore; China Geological Survey; Beijing Normal University
RP Wang, M (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Natl Safety & Emergency Management, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM wangming@bnu.edu.cn
TC 5
Z9 7
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD APR 15
PY 2024
VL 451
AR 109050
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.109050
EA FEB 2024
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001179554500001
ER

PT J
AU Milledge, DG
   Bellugi, DG
   Watt, J
   Densmore, AL
AF Milledge, David G.
   Bellugi, Dino G.
   Watt, Jack
   Densmore, Alexander L.
TI Automated determination of landslide locations after large trigger
   events: advantages and disadvantages compared to manual mapping
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INVENTORY; EROSION; HAZARD; SIZE;
   SEGMENTATION; CALIBRATION; HIMALAYAS; DATABASE; IMAGERY
AB Earthquakes in mountainous areas can trigger thousands of co-seismic landslides, causing significant damage, hampering relief efforts, and rapidly redistributing sediment across the landscape. Efforts to understand the controls on these landslides rely heavily on manually mapped landslide inventories, but these are costly and time-consuming to collect, and their reproducibility is not typically well constrained. Here we develop a new automated landslide detection index (ALDI) algorithm based on pixel-wise normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) differencing of Landsat time series within Google Earth Engine accounting for seasonality. We compare classified inventories to manually mapped inventories from five recent earthquakes: Kashmir in 2005, Aysen in 2007, Wenchuan in 2008, Haiti in 2010, and Gorkha in 2015. We test the ability of ALDI to recover landslide locations (using receiver operating characteristic - ROC - curves) and landslide sizes (in terms of landslide area-frequency statistics). We find that ALDI more skilfully identifies landslide locations than published inventories in 10 of 14 cases when ALDI is locally optimised and in 8 of 14 cases both when ALDI is globally optimised and in holdback testing. These results reflect not only good performance of the automated approach but also surprisingly poor performance of manual mapping, which has implications both for how future classifiers are tested and for the interpretations that are based on these inventories. We find that manual mapping, which typically uses finer-resolution imagery, more skilfully captures the landslide area-frequency statistics, likely due to reductions in both the censoring of individual small landslides and amalgamation of landslide clusters relative to ALDI. We conclude that ALDI is a viable alternative to manual mapping in terms of its ability to identify landslide-affected locations but is less suitable for detecting small isolated landslides or precise landslide geometry. Its fast run time, cost-free image requirements, and near-global coverage suggest the potential to significantly improve the coverage and quantity of landslide inventories. Furthermore, its simplicity (pixel-wise analysis only) and parsimony of inputs (optical imagery only) mean that considerable further improvement should be possible.
C1 [Milledge, David G.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
   [Bellugi, Dino G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Watt, Jack; Densmore, Alexander L.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
   [Watt, Jack; Densmore, Alexander L.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
C3 Newcastle University - UK; University of California System; University
   of California Berkeley; Durham University; Durham University
RP Milledge, DG (corresponding author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
EM david.milledge@newcastle.ac.uk
TC 20
Z9 20
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PD FEB 16
PY 2022
VL 22
IS 2
BP 481
EP 508
DI 10.5194/nhess-22-481-2022
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000760393800001
ER

PT J
AU Massey, CI
   Townsend, D
   Jones, K
   Lukovic, B
   Rhoades, D
   Morgenstern, R
   Rosser, B
   Ries, W
   Howarth, J
   Hamling, I
   Petley, D
   Clark, M
   Wartman, J
   Litchfield, N
   Olsen, M
AF Massey, C., I
   Townsend, D.
   Jones, K.
   Lukovic, B.
   Rhoades, D.
   Morgenstern, R.
   Rosser, B.
   Ries, W.
   Howarth, J.
   Hamling, I
   Petley, D.
   Clark, M.
   Wartman, J.
   Litchfield, N.
   Olsen, M.
TI Volume Characteristics of Landslides Triggered by the MW7.8
   2016 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand, Derived From Digital Surface
   Difference Modeling
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
DT Article
DE coseismic landslides; Kaikoura Earthquake; landslide area and volume
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; W 7.8 KAIKOURA; RUPTURE; EROSION; FAULTS
AB We use a mapped landslide inventory coupled with a 2-m resolution vertical difference model covering an area of 6,875 km(2)to accurately constrain landslide volume-area relationships. We use the difference model to calculate the source volumes for landslides triggered by the M(W)7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake of 14 November 2016. Of the 29,519 mapped landslides in the inventory, 28,394 are within the analysis area, and of these, we have calculated the volume of 17,256 source areas that are >= 90% free of debris. Of the 28,394 landslides, about 80% are classified as soil or rock avalanches and the remainder as mainly translational slides. Our results show that both the soil avalanches and the rock avalanches, ignoring their source geology, have area to volume power-law scaling exponents (gamma) of 0.921 to 1.060 and 1.040 to 1.138, respectively. These are lower than the gamma values of 1.1-1.3 (for soil) and 1.3-1.6 (for rock) reported in the literature for undifferentiated landslide types. They are, however, similar to those gamma values estimated from other coseismic landslide inventories. In contrast, for 50 selected rotational, translational (planar slide surfaces), or compound slides, where much of the debris remains in the source area, we found gamma values range between 1.46 and 1.47, indicating that their slide surfaces were considerably deeper than those landslides classified as avalanches. This study, like previous studies on coseismic landslides, shows that soil and rock avalanches (disrupted landslides) are the dominant landslide type triggered by earthquakes and that they tend to be shallow.
C1 [Massey, C., I; Townsend, D.; Jones, K.; Lukovic, B.; Rhoades, D.; Morgenstern, R.; Rosser, B.; Ries, W.; Hamling, I; Litchfield, N.] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
   [Ries, W.] Univ Vienna, Dept Geog & Reg Res, Vienna, Austria.
   [Howarth, J.] Victoria Univ, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand.
   [Petley, D.] Univ Sheffield, Innovat, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England.
   [Clark, M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Wartman, J.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Olsen, M.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Geomat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
C3 GNS Science - New Zealand; University of Vienna; Victoria University
   Wellington; University of Sheffield; University of Michigan System;
   University of Michigan; University of Washington; University of
   Washington Seattle; Oregon State University
RP Massey, CI (corresponding author), GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
EM c.massey@gns.cri.nz
TC 41
Z9 41
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
PD JUL
PY 2020
VL 125
IS 7
AR e2019JF005163
DI 10.1029/2019JF005163
SC Geology
UT WOS:000555444100009
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZJ
   Pang, B
   Dong, WF
   Li, DH
AF Yang, Zongji
   Pang, Bo
   Dong, Wufan
   Li, Dehua
TI Spatial Pattern and Intensity Mapping of Coseismic Landslides Triggered
   by the 2022 Luding Earthquake in China
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE coseismic landslides; Luding earthquake; spatial distribution;
   micro-epicenter; macro-epicenter
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; LUSHAN
   EARTHQUAKE; SLOPE FAILURE; INVENTORY; SICHUAN; HAZARD; AREA
AB On 5 September 2022, an Mw 6.6 earthquake occurred in Luding County in China, resulting in extensive surface rupture and casualties. Sufficient study on distribution characteristics and susceptibility regionalization of the earthquake-induced disasters (especially coseismic landslides) in the region has great significance to mitigation of seismic hazards. In this study, a complete coseismic landslide inventory, including 6233 landslides with 32.4 km(2) in area, was present through multi-temporal satellite images. We explored the distribution and controlling conditions of coseismic landslides induced by the 2022 Luding event from the perspective of epicentral distance. According to the maximum value of landslide area density, the geographical location with the strongest coseismic landslide activity intensity under the influence of seismic energy, the macro-epicenter, was determined, and we found a remarkable relationship with the landslide distribution and macro-epicentral distance, that is, both the landslide area and number density associatively decreased with the increase in macro-epicentral distance. Then, a fast and effective method for coseismic landslide intensity zoning based on the obvious attenuation relationship was proposed, which could provide theoretical reference for susceptibility mapping of coseismic landslides induced by earthquakes in mountainous areas. Additionally, to quantitatively assess the impact of topographic, seismogenic and lithological factors on the spatial pattern of coseismic landslides, the relationships between the occurrences of coseismic landslides and influencing factors, i.e., elevation, slope angle, local relief, aspect, distance to fault and lithology, were examined. This study provides a fresh perspective on intensity zoning of coseismic landslides and has important guiding significance for post-earthquake reconstruction and land use in the disaster area.
C1 [Yang, Zongji; Pang, Bo; Dong, Wufan; Li, Dehua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Pang, Bo; Dong, Wufan; Li, Dehua] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Yang, ZJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM yzj@imde.ac.cn
TC 21
Z9 26
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD MAR
PY 2023
VL 15
IS 5
AR 1323
DI 10.3390/rs15051323
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000947051700001
ER

PT J
AU Yuan, XY
   Liu, C
   Nie, RH
   Yang, ZL
   Li, WL
   Dai, XA
   Cheng, JY
   Zhang, JM
   Ma, L
   Fu, X
   Tang, M
   Xu, YN
   Lu, H
AF Yuan, Xinyue
   Liu, Chao
   Nie, Ruihua
   Yang, Zhengli
   Li, Weile
   Dai, Xiaoai
   Cheng, Junying
   Zhang, Junmin
   Ma, Lei
   Fu, Xiao
   Tang, Min
   Xu, Yina
   Lu, Heng
TI A Comparative Analysis of Certainty Factor-Based Machine Learning
   Methods for Collapse and Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Wenchuan
   County, China
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE collapse and landslide disaster; susceptibility evaluation; machine
   learning model; certainty factor; Wenchuan county
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; 3 GORGES RESERVOIR; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; GIS;
   EARTHQUAKE; MODEL; PROVINCE; REGION; SLOPE; AREA
AB After the "5 center dot 12" Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, collapses and landslides have occurred continuously, resulting in the accumulation of a large quantity of loose sediment on slopes or in gullies, providing rich material source reserves for the occurrence of debris flow and flash flood disasters. Therefore, it is of great significance to build a collapse and landslide susceptibility evaluation model in Wenchuan County for local disaster prevention and mitigation. Taking Wenchuan County as the research object and according to the data of 1081 historical collapse and landslide disaster points, as well as the natural environment, this paper first selects six categories of environmental factors (13 environmental factors in total) including topography (slope, aspect, curvature, terrain relief, TWI), geological structure (lithology, soil type, distance to fault), meteorology and hydrology (rainfall, distance to river), seismic impact (PGA), ecological impact (NDVI), and impact of human activity (land use). It then builds three single models (LR, SVM, RF) and three CF-based hybrid models (CF-LR, CF-SVM, CF-RF), and makes a comparative analysis of the accuracy and reliability of the models, thereby obtaining the optimal model in the research area. Finally, this study discusses the contribution of environmental factors to the collapse and the landslide susceptibility prediction of the optimal model. The research results show that (1) the areas prone to extremely high collapse and landslide predicted by the six models (LR, CF-LR, SVM, CF-SVM, RF and CF-RF) have an area of 730.595 km(2), 377.521 km(2), 361.772 km(2), 372.979 km(2), 318.631 km(2), and 306.51 km(2), respectively, and the frequency ratio precision of collapses and landslides is 0.916, 0.938, 0.955, 0.956, 0.972, and 0.984, respectively; (2) the ranking of the comprehensive index based on the confusion matrix is CF-RF>RF>CF-SVM>CF-LR>SVM>LR and the ranking of the AUC value is CF-RF>RF>CF-SVM>CF-LR>SVM>LR. To a certain extent, the coupling models can improve precision more over the single models. The CF-RF model ranks the highest in all indexes, with a POA value of 257.046 and an AUC value of 0.946; (3) rainfall, soil type, and distance to river are the three most important environmental factors, accounting for 24.216%, 22.309%, and 11.41%, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of mountains and rock masses close to rivers in case of rainstorms in Wenchuan county and other similar areas prone to post-earthquake landslides.
C1 [Yuan, Xinyue; Liu, Chao; Nie, Ruihua; Yang, Zhengli; Lu, Heng] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Yuan, Xinyue; Liu, Chao; Nie, Ruihua; Yang, Zhengli; Lu, Heng] Sichuan Univ, Coll Hydraul & Hydroelect Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Weile] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Dai, Xiaoai; Cheng, Junying; Zhang, Junmin] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Earth Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Lei] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Ocean Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China.
   [Fu, Xiao] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Min; Xu, Yina] China Railway Eryuan Engn Grp Co Ltd, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Chengdu University of
   Technology; Chengdu University of Technology; Nanjing University;
   Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Lu, H (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.; Lu, H (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Hydraul & Hydroelect Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM yuanxinyue@stu.scu.edu.cn; liuchao@scu.edu.cn; nierh@scu.edu.cn;
   yangzhengli@scu.edu.cn; liweile08@mail.cdutedu.cn;
   daixiaoa@mail.cdut.edu.cn; chunjunying@stu.cdut.edu.cn;
   zhangjunmin@stu.cdut.edu.cn; maleinju@nju.edu.cn;
   fuxiao@my.swjtu.edu.cn; tangmin05@ey.crec.cn; xuyn@ey.crec.cn;
   luheng@scu.edu.cn
TC 48
Z9 53
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD JUL
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 14
AR 3259
DI 10.3390/rs14143259
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000831707000001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Liao, HJ
   Su, LJ
AF Zhao, Bo
   Liao, Hongjian
   Su, Lijun
TI Landslides triggered by the 2018 Lombok earthquake sequence, Indonesia
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Lombok earthquake sequence; Coseismic landslides; Spatial distribution;
   Influencing factors
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SEISMIC RESPONSE;
   SICHUAN PROVINCE; TOPOGRAPHY; MOTION; LUSHAN; CHINA; AMPLIFICATION;
   HOKKAIDO
AB During July and August 2018, a series of four Mw > 6.0 earthquakes (Event I 2018.07.28 Mw 6.4, Event II - 2018.08.05 Mw 6.9, Event III - 2018.08.19 Mw 6.3, and Event IV - 2018.08.19 Mw 6.9) struck Lombok Island, Indonesia. A detailed interpretation of satellite imagery reveals that the Lombok earthquake sequence triggered 10,521 landslides with a cumulative extent of 28.0 km(2) over an affected area reaching approximately 1850 km2, which are divided into seismic earthflows, topography-based landslides and gully-based landslides. A total of 5621 and 2980 landslides were triggered by Event II and Events III-IV, respectively, and 1920 landslides were concentrated in the 2018.08.10 cloud-covered area. Event II caused most of the landslides. The landslide areas of all the events follow an exponential distribution. The cumulative landslide number (N) and landslide area (A) exhibit a linear logarithmic relationship of Log(N) = -1.341*Log(A) + 3.9. The western section of Mount (Mt.) Rinjani is clearly a landslide-prone area that contains mainly seismic earthflows. Rainfall is a dominant factor influencing the landslide distribution, and generally, higher rainfall corresponds to a higher landslide concentration. Seismic shaking is not a key factor in deposit failure, while in the lower gently sloping section (elevation < 1500 m), the peak ground acceleration (PGA) of landslides increases with a decrease in elevation. Moreover, the top section of the mountain with a steeper slope (Subzones II and V) caused a stronger seismic amplification effect, resulting in numerous landslides.
C1 [Zhao, Bo; Su, Lijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Bo; Su, Lijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Liao, Hongjian] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Human Settlements & Civil Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Lijun] China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan.
   [Su, Lijun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM sulijun1976@163.com
TC 20
Z9 23
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD DEC
PY 2021
VL 207
AR 105676
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105676
EA AUG 2021
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000703268900094
ER

PT J
AU Chen, G
   Meng, XM
   Tan, L
   Zhang, FY
   Qiao, L
AF Chen, Guan
   Meng, Xingmin
   Tan, Long
   Zhang, Fanyu
   Qiao, Liang
TI Comparison and combination of different models for optimal landslide
   susceptibility zonation
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY
DT Article
ID ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SUPPORT VECTOR
   MACHINE; RESOLUTION ENSEMBLE PREDICTION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SPATIAL
   PREDICTION; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; WESTERN
   COLORADO; FREQUENCY RATIO
AB It is important to compare different methods and apply combined models for landslide susceptibility zonation on a regional scale for land-use planning and hazard mitigation. The purpose of this study is attempt to obtain an optimal landslide susceptibility zonation in a severely landslide affected region where the available data are very limited. Six single models (analytical hierarchy process (AHP), logistic regression (LR), fuzzy logic (FL), weight of evidence integrated logistic regression (WL), artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM)), were applied to obtain the single landslide susceptibility zonations along the middle reaches of the Bailong River from Zhouqu to Wudu, southern Gansu, China, then these single models were compared, after which the three single models that performed better (LR, ANN and SVM) were selected to prepare the combined zonations. Six conditional independent environmental factors were selected as the explanatory variables that contribute to landslide occurrence (elevation, slope, aspect, distance from fault, lithology and settlement density). The mapped landslides in this region were randomly partitioned into two sets: 80% of the landslides were used for the model training and the remaining 20% were used for validation of the models. Receiver operating characteristic and cost curves were plotted as means of evaluating the quality of the susceptibility zonations for the single and combined models. Results show that the single LR, ANN and SVM are models with superior prediction performance and are more suitable for constructing the combined models in this study. Compared with single models, the combined models provided an improved prediction capability and reduced uncertainties.
C1 [Chen, Guan; Meng, Xingmin; Tan, Long; Qiao, Liang] Minist Educ, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Guan; Meng, Xingmin; Tan, Long; Qiao, Liang] Lanzhou Univ, Res Sch Arid Environm & Climate Change, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Fanyu] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Mech, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University
RP Meng, XM (corresponding author), Minist Educ, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou, Peoples R China.
EM xmmeng@lzu.edu.cn
TC 19
Z9 22
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE
PI BATH
PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON,
   ENGLAND
SN 1470-9236
EI 2041-4803
PD NOV
PY 2014
VL 47
IS 4
BP 283
EP 306
DI 10.1144/qjegh2013-071
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000346661500001
ER

PT J
AU Ai, X
   Sun, BT
   Chen, XZ
AF Ai, Xiao
   Sun, Baitao
   Chen, Xiangzhao
TI Construction of small sample seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation
   model based on Transfer Learning: a case study of Jiuzhaigou earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Seismic landslide susceptibility prediction; Wenchuan earthquake;
   Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Transfer learning; ANN
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FREQUENCY RATIO; NETWORKS
AB Traditional machine learning requires big data as the basis, and it is usually difficult to obtain the desired results in areas where there is a lack of data. This study proposes an innovative transfer learning method to establish a seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation model. The process is as follows: (1) a total of 13 influence factors were selected and combined with landslide points triggered by the Wenchuan and Jiuzhaigou earthquakes to form a big dataset and a small sample dataset, respectively; (2) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to train the big dataset and prepare a pre-training model; (3) the Jiuzhaigou seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation model based on transfer learning was established by using the pre-training model. To reflect the advantages of the transfer learning method more intuitively, this study not only tested the accuracy of the evaluation model but also used ANN to train another evaluation model based on the small sample datasets. And the model accuracy was compared with that of the previous model. The results showed that the frequency ratio (FR) accuracy of the model obtained by transfer learning was higher than that of the model directly trained on a small sample dataset. Additionally, the area under curve (AUC) of the model directly trained on a small sample dataset was only 0.84, whereas the AUC of the model obtained by transfer learning was close to 0.90. The study shows that this method can solve the problems associated with traditional machine learning methods when establishing a seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation model.
C1 [Ai, Xiao] Heilongjiang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Architecture & Civil Engn, Harbin, Peoples R China.
   [Sun, Baitao; Chen, Xiangzhao] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Engn Mech, Key Lab Earthquake Engn & Engn Vibrat, Harbin, Peoples R China.
C3 Heilongjiang University of Science & Technology; China Earthquake
   Administration; Institute of Engineering Mechanics, CEA
RP Ai, X (corresponding author), Heilongjiang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Architecture & Civil Engn, Harbin, Peoples R China.
EM axz.1988@163.com
TC 28
Z9 29
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD MAR
PY 2022
VL 81
IS 3
AR 116
DI 10.1007/s10064-022-02601-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000759643100007
ER

PT J
AU Williams, JG
   Rosser, NJ
   Kincey, ME
   Benjamin, J
   Oven, KJ
   Densmore, AL
   Milledge, DG
   Robinson, TR
   Jordan, CA
   Dijkstra, TA
AF Williams, Jack G.
   Rosser, Nick J.
   Kincey, Mark E.
   Benjamin, Jessica
   Oven, Katie J.
   Densmore, Alexander L.
   Milledge, David G.
   Robinson, Tom R.
   Jordan, Colm A.
   Dijkstra, Tom A.
TI Satellite-based emergency mapping using optical imagery: experience and
   reflections from the 2015 Nepal earthquakes
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; GORKHA
   EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SOUTH ISLAND; NEW-ZEALAND; INVENTORY;
   HAZARD; ISSUES; MAPS
AB Landslides triggered by large earthquakes in mountainous regions contribute significantly to overall earthquake losses and pose a major secondary hazard that can persist for months or years. While scientific investigations of coseismic landsliding are increasingly common, there is no protocol for rapid (hours-to-days) humanitarian-facing landslide assessment and no published recognition of what is possible and what is useful to compile immediately after the event. Drawing on the 2015 M-w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, we consider how quickly a landslide assessment based upon manual satellite-based emergency mapping (SEM) can be realistically achieved and review the decisions taken by analysts to ascertain the timeliness and type of useful information that can be generated. We find that, at present, many forms of landslide assessment are too slow to generate relative to the speed of a humanitarian response, despite increasingly rapid access to high-quality imagery. Importantly, the value of information on landslides evolves rapidly as a disaster response develops, so identifying the purpose, timescales, and end users of a post-earthquake landslide assessment is essential to inform the approach taken. It is clear that discussions are needed on the form and timing of landslide assessments, and how best to present and share this information, before rather than after an earthquake strikes. In this paper, we share the lessons learned from the Gorkha earthquake, with the aim of informing the approach taken by scientists to understand the evolving landslide hazard in future events and the expectations of the humanitarian community involved in disaster response.
C1 [Williams, Jack G.; Rosser, Nick J.; Kincey, Mark E.; Benjamin, Jessica; Oven, Katie J.; Densmore, Alexander L.; Milledge, David G.; Robinson, Tom R.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Williams, Jack G.; Rosser, Nick J.; Kincey, Mark E.; Benjamin, Jessica; Oven, Katie J.; Densmore, Alexander L.; Milledge, David G.; Robinson, Tom R.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Jordan, Colm A.; Dijkstra, Tom A.] British Geol Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Environm Sci Ctr, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England.
   [Dijkstra, Tom A.] Loughborough Univ Technol, Sch Architecture Bldg & Civil Engn, Ashby Rd, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.
C3 Durham University; Durham University; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI);
   Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NERC British Geological
   Survey; Loughborough University
RP Williams, JG (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England.; Williams, JG (corresponding author), Univ Durham, Dept Geog, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
EM j.g.williams@durham.ac.uk
TC 63
Z9 65
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PD JAN 16
PY 2018
VL 18
IS 1
BP 185
EP 205
DI 10.5194/nhess-18-185-2018
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000422817100001
ER

PT J
AU Wei, H
   Tao, ZG
   He, MC
   Wu, HG
   Lv, XQ
   Yu, HJ
   Weng, HQ
AF Wei, Hong
   Tao, Zhigang
   He, Manchao
   Wu, Honggang
   Lv, Xiaoqiang
   Yu, Haijun
   Weng, Hanqian
TI The Cumulative Damage Evolution Law Of Multi-Anchor Circular Piles
   Reinforced Landslide Under Earthquake Action
SO ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
DT Article
DE Multi-anchor circular piles; Cumulative damage evolution law; cumulative
   damage mechanism; Slope deformation monitoring
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ARIAS INTENSITY; MECHANISM; SLOPES; MODEL
AB To study the cumulative damage evolution law of multi-anchor circular piles (MACP) under earthquake action, data such as acceleration and axial force of anchor cables of MACP were obtained by shaking table tests. An index of plastic effect coefficient (PEC) was proposed to quantitatively analyze the damage degree of MACP. The influence of multi-factor coupling on the cumulative damage evolution law of MACP was clarified. A landslide deformation prediction method with the axial force of anchor cable as a monitoring index was established. The results confirmed that PEC fully considered the plastic deformation characteristics of concrete materials and was more effective than the pile peak displacement (PPD) in evaluating the seismic cumulative damage effect of MACP. The cumulative damage of MACP was a result of multi-factor coupling, and multiple earthquakes led to a nonlinear increase in the damage degree of MACP. The axial force-ground motion intensity curve of the anchor cable was similar to the landslide deformation curve. The use of the axial force of the anchor cable to predict the deformation of MACP-reinforced landslides was recommended based on the idea of monitoring landslide deformation by Newton force.
   The shaking table test of multi-anchor circular piles (MACP) reinforced landslide was carried out.A plastic effect coefficient (PEC) was proposed to quantitatively analyze the damage degree of MACP.The influence of multi-factor coupling on the cumulative damage evolution law of MACP was elucidated.A landslide deformation prediction method using the axial force of the anchor cable as a monitoring index was proposed.
C1 [Wei, Hong; Tao, Zhigang; He, Manchao; Yu, Haijun; Weng, Hanqian] China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Tunnel Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Wei, Hong; Tao, Zhigang; He, Manchao; Yu, Haijun; Weng, Hanqian] China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, Sch Mech & Civil Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Honggang] China Northwest Res Inst Co Ltd CREC, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China.
   [Lv, Xiaoqiang] Guizhou Univ, Coll Resource & Environm Engn, Guiyang 550025, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Mining & Technology; China University of Mining &
   Technology; Guizhou University
RP Tao, ZG (corresponding author), China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Tunnel Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.; Tao, ZG (corresponding author), China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, Sch Mech & Civil Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM taozhigang@cumtb.edu.cn
TC 7
Z9 7
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI Vienna
PA Prinz-Eugen-Strasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, AUSTRIA
SN 0723-2632
EI 1434-453X
PD AUG
PY 2024
VL 57
IS 8
BP 6321
EP 6336
DI 10.1007/s00603-024-03857-y
EA APR 2024
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001204762800003
ER

PT J
AU Shen, HW
   Yang, ZQ
   Hu, GS
   Tian, SF
   Rahman, M
   Ren, JC
   Zhang, Y
AF Shen, Haowen
   Yang, Zhiquan
   Hu, Guisheng
   Tian, Shufeng
   Rahman, Mahfuzur
   Ren, Jincheng
   Zhang, Yong
TI Causal mechanisms and evolution processes of "block-burst" debris flow
   hazard chains in mountainous urban areas: a case study of Meilong gully
   in Danba county, Sichuan Province, China
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE debris flow; hazard chain; slope instability; formation and evolution
   mechanism; monitoring and early warning; risk assessment
ID STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES;
   RAINFALL; FAILURE
AB The research interest in multi-hazard chains lies in the comprehension of how various hazards, such as debris flows, floods, and landslides, can interact and amplify one another, resulting in cascading or interconnected hazards. On 17 June 2020, at approximately 3:20 a.m., a debris flow occurred in Meilong gully (MLG), located in Banshanmen Town, Danba County, in southwest China's Sichuan Province. The debris flow had a discharge volume of approximately 40 x 104 m3 and rushed out to block the Xiaojinchuan (XJC) river, subsequently forming a barrier lake. This event ultimately induced a hazard chain that included heavy rainfall, debris flow, landslides, the formation of a barrier lake, and an outburst flood. The impact of this chain resulted in the displacement of 48 households and affected 175 individuals. Furthermore, it led to the destruction of an 18 km section of National Highway G350, stretching from Xiaojin to Danba County, causing economic losses estimated at 65 million yuan. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors leading to the formation of this hazard chain, elucidate its triggering mechanisms, and provide insights for urban areas in the western mountainous region of Sichuan to prevent similar dam-break type debris flow hazard chains. The research findings, derived from field investigations, remote sensing imagery analysis, and parameter calculations, indicate that prior seismic disturbances and multiple dry-wet cycle events increased the volume of loose solid materials within the MLG watershed. Subsequently, heavy rainfall triggered the initiation of the debris flow in MLG. The cascading dam-break, resulting from three unstable slopes and boulders within the channel, amplified the scale of the hazard chain, leading to a significant amount of solid material rushing into the XJC river, thus creating a dam that constricted the river channel. With the intensification of river scouring, the reactivation and destabilization of the Aniangzhai (ANZ) paleolandslide occurred, ultimately leading to the breach of the dam and the formation of an outburst flood. The research comprehensively and profoundly reveals the causal mechanism of the MLG hazard chain, and proposes measures to disrupt the chain at various stages, which can aid in enhancing monitoring, early warning, forecasting systems, and identifying key directions for ecological environmental protection in urban areas within the western mountainous region of Sichuan. Additionally, it could also serve as a reference for mountainous urban areas such as the Tianshan, Alps, Rocky Mountains, and Andes, among others.
C1 [Shen, Haowen; Yang, Zhiquan; Ren, Jincheng] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Publ Safety & Emergency Management, Kunming, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Haowen; Hu, Guisheng; Tian, Shufeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Haowen; Yang, Zhiquan; Ren, Jincheng] Minist Emergency Management Peoples Republ China, Key Lab Geol Disaster Risk Prevent & Control & Eme, Kunming, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhiquan; Ren, Jincheng] Key Lab Early Rapid Identificat Prevent & Control, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Guisheng] Acad Plateau Sci & Sustainabil, Xining, Peoples R China.
   [Rahman, Mahfuzur] Int Univ Business Agr & Technol IUBAT, Dept Civil Engn, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
   [Zhang, Yong] Anyang Inst Technol, Anyang, Peoples R China.
C3 Kunming University of Science & Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; International
   University of Business Agriculture & Technology (IUBAT); Anyang
   Institute of Technology
RP Yang, ZQ (corresponding author), Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Publ Safety & Emergency Management, Kunming, Peoples R China.; Yang, ZQ (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management Peoples Republ China, Key Lab Geol Disaster Risk Prevent & Control & Eme, Kunming, Peoples R China.; Yang, ZQ (corresponding author), Key Lab Early Rapid Identificat Prevent & Control, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
EM yzq1983816@kust.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD JAN 22
PY 2024
VL 12
AR 1334074
DI 10.3389/feart.2024.1334074
SC Geology
UT WOS:001156305400001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, T
   Dai, F
   Xu, NW
AF Zhao, Tao
   Dai, Feng
   Xu, Nu-wen
TI Coupled DEM-CFD investigation on the formation of landslide dams in
   narrow rivers
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide dams; DEM-CFD coupling; Granular transport; Fluid channel;
   Excess water pressure; Granular surges
ID FLUID-PARTICLE INTERACTION; GAS-SOLID FLOW; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DISCRETE ELEMENT; SICHUAN PROVINCE; MODEL;
   MECHANICS; RAINFALL; MOTION
AB Large-scale landslide dams can induce significant hazards to human lives by blocking the river flows and causing inundation upstream. They may trigger severe outburst flooding that may devastate downstream areas once failed. Thus, the advancement in understanding the formation of landslide dams is highly necessary. This paper presents 3D numerical investigations of the formation of landslide dams in open fluid channels via the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). By employing this model, the influence of flow velocity on granular depositional morphology has been clarified. As the grains settle downwards in the fluid channel, positive excess water pressures are generated at the bottom region, reducing the total forces acting on the granular mass. In the meantime, the particle sedimentations into the fluid channel with high impacting velocities can generate fluid streams to flow backwards and forwards. The coupled hydraulic effects of excess water pressure and fluid flow would entrain the solid grains to move long distances along the channel. For simulations using different flow velocities, the larger the flow velocity is, the further distance the grains can be transported to. In this process, the solid grains move as a series of surges, with decreasing deposit lengths for the successive surges. The granular flux into the fluid channel has very little influence on the depositional pattern of particles, while it affects the particle-fluid interactions significantly. The results obtained from the DEM-CFD coupled simulations can reasonably explain the mechanisms of granular transportation and deposition in the formation of landslide dams in narrow rivers.
C1 [Zhao, Tao; Dai, Feng; Xu, Nu-wen] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University
RP Dai, F (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fengdai@scu.edu.cn
TC 98
Z9 108
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD FEB
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 1
BP 189
EP 201
DI 10.1007/s10346-015-0675-1
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000393643900013
ER

PT J
AU Li, YE
   Huang, JL
   Pu, H
   Han, Z
   Li, W
   Yan, B
AF Li, Yange
   Huang, Jianling
   Pu, Hao
   Han, Zheng
   Li, Wei
   Yan, Bin
TI Semiautomatic Landslide Detection Using Remote Sensing and Slope Units
SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD
DT Article
AB Landslides induced by earthquakes and rainfall pose severe threats to the infrastructure of highways and high-speed railways. To plan an immediate emergency response, the location and scale of these landslides should be known beforehand. Traditionally, to detect multitemporal landslides induced by earthquakes and the long-term effects, along with other factors such as subsequent rainfall, one had to carry out image classification multiple times to calculate the variance information. The accuracy of that method is affected by accumulated errors from multi-classification, and the process is very time-consuming. In this paper, a semiautomatic approach is proposed for rapid mapping of multitemporal landslides. The approach can obtain the variance information of each landslide event in one detection process. In addition, slope units are introduced to separate the extracted conjoined landslides. The area of Chenjiaba, China, which is located in the highest seismic intensity zone of the Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan and had strong rainfall 4 months after the earthquake, was selected as a case study to demonstrate the validity of this methodology. Accuracy assessment was carried out by comparing extracted landslides with a manually prepared landslide inventory map. Correctly detected were 90.1% and 94.2% of earthquake- and rainfall-induced landslides, respectively. Results show that this approach is capable of mapping temporal landslides efficiently and quickly.
C1 [Li, Yange; Pu, Hao; Han, Zheng; Li, Wei; Yan, Bin] Cent S Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 22 Shaoshan South Rd, Changsha 410075, Hunan, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Jianling] Cent S Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 932 South Lushan Rd, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
C3 Central South University; Central South University
RP Han, Z (corresponding author), Cent S Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 22 Shaoshan South Rd, Changsha 410075, Hunan, Peoples R China.
EM hankzzz@163.com
TC 2
Z9 2
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0361-1981
EI 2169-4052
PD JAN
PY 2017
IS 2604
BP 104
EP 110
DI 10.3141/2604-13
SC Engineering; Transportation
UT WOS:000492896500010
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Li, WL
   Su, LJ
   Wang, YS
   Wu, HC
AF Zhao, Bo
   Li, Weile
   Su, Lijun
   Wang, Yunsheng
   Wu, Haochen
TI Insights into the Landslides Triggered by the 2022 Lushan Ms 6.1
   Earthquake: Spatial Distribution and Controls
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslides; 2022 Lushan earthquake; spatial distribution; influencing
   factors
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LONGMEN SHAN; LOMA-PRIETA; DATABASE; SICHUAN;
   FAULT
AB On 1 June 2022, a magnitude Ms 6.1 (Mw 5.8) earthquake, named the 2022 Lushan earthquake, struck the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, with an epicenter at 30.395 degrees N, 102.958 degrees E and a focal depth of approximately 12.0 km. To gain insight into the landslides triggered by this event and the characteristics of coseismic landslides in the Longmenshan fault zone, we collected multitemporal satellite images and carried out field investigations. The results reveal that the 2022 Lushan event triggered at least 1288 landslides over an affected area of 1470 km(2). The total landslide area is 5.33 km(2), and the highest landslide concentration reaches 22.3 landslides/km(2). The landslide distribution has a hanging wall effect, and the right bank area of the Qingyi River, featuring deep-cutting gorges, is part of an area with obvious concentrated landslides; this area consists mainly of intrusive rocks, including granite, gabbro and hornblende. The coseismic landslides in the Longmenshan fault zone have hanging wall effects, and the landslides triggered by the 2022 Lushan event are distributed in higher and steeper areas.
C1 [Zhao, Bo; Su, Lijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Weile; Wang, Yunsheng; Wu, Haochen] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Processes, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Lijun] Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
   [Su, Lijun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Su, LJ (corresponding author), Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.; Su, LJ (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM sulijun1976@163.com
TC 19
Z9 25
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD SEP
PY 2022
VL 14
IS 17
AR 4365
DI 10.3390/rs14174365
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000851925000001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Wang, YS
   Wu, JF
   Su, LJ
   Liu, JW
   Jin, G
AF Zhao, Bo
   Wang, Yunsheng
   Wu, Junfeng
   Su, Lijun
   Liu, Jiangwei
   Jin, Gang
TI The Mogangling giant landslide triggered by the 1786 Moxi M 7.75
   earthquake, China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Mogangling giant landslide (MGL); 1786 Moxi M 7; 75 earthquake; Failure
   mechanism; Dammed lake
ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; XIANSHUIHE
   FAULT; WESTERN SICHUAN; LONG-RUNOUT; MOVEMENT; SLOPE; RIVER
AB A good understanding of seismic giant landslides could provide favourable guidance for seismic stability evaluation of nearby slopes. Here, an excellent example of a catastrophic seismic landslide named the Mogangling giant landslide (MGL), located upstream along the Dadu River and triggered by the 1786 Moxi M 7.75 earthquake, is analysed for its deposit characteristics, failure mechanism and dammed lake. The MGL, with a volume of approximately 4500 x 10(4) m(3), 450 m long and 1000 m wide, blocked the Dadu River completely and caused over 100 000 deaths when the landslide dam broke. The MGL occurred on the upper part of a narrow granite ridge; a potentially unstable wedge-shaped rock mass was separated from the remaining massif by unloading fissures and an active fault (Detuo fault) that just crossed the slope foot. The Moxi earthquake coupled with strong site amplification triggered the MGL, which blocked the Dadu River; the elevation of the dam crest was approximately 130 m higher than the present river level. The dammed lake had a volume of approximately 9.504 x 10(8) m(3), an area of 19.91 km(2) and a length of approximately 31 km; the peak flow of the outburst flood was larger than 7100 m(3)/s. After hundreds of years of concave bank erosion, the deposit is divided into the right bank deposit (main deposit) and left bank deposit (residual deposit).
C1 [Zhao, Bo; Su, Lijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Bo; Su, Lijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Bo; Wang, Yunsheng; Liu, Jiangwei; Jin, Gang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Junfeng] Yiwu Ind & Commercial Coll, Architecture & Art Coll, Yiwu 322000, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Lijun] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Lijun] China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan.
   [Su, Lijun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS;
   Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,
   CAS
RP Zhao, B (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Zhao, B (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Zhao, B; Wang, YS (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM zhaobo1989@imde.ac.cn; wangys60@163.com
TC 25
Z9 26
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD MAR
PY 2021
VL 106
IS 1
BP 459
EP 485
DI 10.1007/s11069-020-04471-1
EA JAN 2021
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000604222800004
ER

PT J
AU Yang, ZJ
   Shao, W
   Qiao, JP
   Huang, D
   Tian, HL
   Lei, XQ
   Uchimura, T
AF Yang, Zongji
   Shao, Wei
   Qiao, Jianping
   Huang, Dong
   Tian, Hongling
   Lei, Xiaoqin
   Uchimura, Taro
TI A Multi-Source Early Warning System of MEMS Based Wireless Monitoring
   for Rainfall-Induced Landslides
SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
DT Article
DE wireless early warning system; portable sensor unit;
   cost-effectiveequipment; multivariate thresholds; rainfall-induced
   landslides
ID STABILITY; SLOPE; FLOW
AB Landslide monitoring and early warning systems are the most successful countermeasures to reduce fatalities and economic losses from landslide hazards. The traditional strategies such as GPS and extensometers are relatively expensive and difficult to be installed in steep, high mountains. In this study, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) based multivariate wireless monitoring sensor unit was used to build a monitoring and early warning system for rainfall-triggered landslides, as one of the most practical and cost-effective countermeasures for hard-reached mountains. The multi-source wireless monitoring system and its well-developed equipment were tested in a landslide-prone slope to monitor the triggering of landslides and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake region, China. The variations of several state variables were observed, including the soil moisture content, soil matric suction, rainfall, inclination and ground vibration. The results of a slope stability analysis were benchmarked with the in situ measurements to identify the multivariate early warning parameters for rainfall-induced landslides. The proposed early warning system for the slope stability analysis can provide a more accurate prediction for rainfall-induced landslides and debris flows in earthquake hit regions.
C1 [Yang, Zongji; Qiao, Jianping; Huang, Dong; Tian, Hongling; Lei, Xiaoqin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Wei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Hydrometeorol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Uchimura, Taro] Saitama Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Saitama 3388570, Japan.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Nanjing University of Information Science &
   Technology; Saitama University
RP Yang, ZJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yzj@imde.ac.cn; shao@nuist.edu.cn; jpqiao@imde.ac.cn; dhuang@imde.ac.cn;
   thl@imde.ac.cn; xiaoqin.lei@imde.ac.cn;
   uchimurataro@mail.saitama-u.ac.jp
TC 23
Z9 27
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2076-3417
PD DEC
PY 2017
VL 7
IS 12
AR 1234
DI 10.3390/app7121234
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
UT WOS:000419175800030
ER

PT J
AU Feng, HJ
   Yu, JJ
   Zheng, JL
   Tang, XM
   Peng, CC
AF Feng, Hangjian
   Yu, Jianjun
   Zheng, Jiali
   Tang, Xiaoming
   Peng, Chenchuan
TI Evaluation of different models in rainfall-triggered landslide
   susceptibility mapping: a case study in Chunan, southeast China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Southeast China; Landslide susceptibility; Rainfall triggered;
   Information value; Artificial neural networks; Uncertainty
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR
   MACHINE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FREQUENCY RATIO; STATISTICAL INDEX;
   RIVER-BASIN; HAZARD; PREDICTION; PROVINCE
AB This study applied the information value model (IVM), logistic regression (LR), artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) to rainfall-triggered landslide susceptibility mapping for a typical study area in southeast China. Their capabilities under 42 modelling scenarios with different combination of 9 conditioning factors were tested and compared using the performance metric of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The results showed that all the models could acceptably produce landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) with the achieved AUC of 86.05, 85.89, 87.65 and 85.63% for model training, and that of 86.03, 85.7, 86.4 and 85.11% for model validation. Slightly, ANN was best, followed by LR, IVM and SVM. The LR showed a better generalization capability under the circumstances of changing combination of the conditioning factors, whereas the performance of ANN and SVM appeared to be sensitive to that. Although the comparable performance (i.e. AUC) could be achieved by all the models, the hazard zones classified from the produced LSMs exhibited considerable variation in spatial patterns. The IVM tended to overestimate the landslide susceptibility compared to others, and predicted a less area at very low-level hazard. The associated uncertainty caused by the modelling methods will lead to different management costs and risks being taken when applying the produced LSMs in geological engineering design and planning.
C1 [Feng, Hangjian; Peng, Chenchuan] China Univ Geosci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Feng, Hangjian; Yu, Jianjun] Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Sch Geog & Environm, Dyson Perrins Bldg,South Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY, England.
   [Feng, Hangjian; Tang, Xiaoming] Zhejiang Inst Geol & Mineral Resources, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   [Zheng, Jiali] Zhejiang Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; University of Oxford; Zhejiang
   University
RP Yu, JJ (corresponding author), Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Sch Geog & Environm, Dyson Perrins Bldg,South Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3QY, England.
EM yujianjun0011@gmail.com
TC 13
Z9 15
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD NOV
PY 2016
VL 75
IS 21
AR 1399
DI 10.1007/s12665-016-6211-3
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000388600900007
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XL
   Lan, J
AF Chen, Xiaoli
   Lan, Jian
TI Impact of slope stability changes on landslide activity near the
   epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Co-seismic landslides; Post-seismic landslides; Slope stability; Newmark
   model; Remote sensing
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; AREA; EVOLUTION;
   SICHUAN; MODEL; FAULT; SIZE; NORTHRIDGE; TRANSPORT
AB Strong earthquakes in mountainous regions can trigger massive landslides, and not just during the period of shaking. This study uses a time series of remote images to better understand the distribution of landslides near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake. We use multi-year high-resolution satellite images to interpret landslides and establish landslide inventories spanning from 2008 to 2019. Based on differencing pre-earthquake and post-earthquake digital elevation models (DEMs), we calculate the factor of safety (F-s, i.e., resisting forces versus driving forces) of slopes using a simplified Newmark model. Results show that landslide occurrence highly relies on slope stability, demonstrated by both co-seismic and post-seismic landslide mapping. According to the F-s analysis, which is closely related to the gradual slope change after the earthquake, most slopes within the study area stabilized after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, consistent with the decreasing trend of the landslide activity level. However, due to lithologic variation, the changes of post-earthquake slope stability may differ with landscape features in various regions and result in different geologic hazards. Thus, we highlight the necessity of continuous post-seismic monitoring and analysis of slope stability in different affected regions. The results of this work provide useful information for post-seismic infrastructure reconstruction and future earthquake disaster prevention in mountainous areas.
C1 [Chen, Xiaoli; Lan, Jian] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Xiaoli; Lan, Jian] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; China Earthquake Administration;
   Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Chen, XL (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.; Chen, XL (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM chenxl@ies.ac.cn
TC 5
Z9 6
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUL
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 7
BP 5259
EP 5270
DI 10.1007/s10064-021-02147-z
EA MAY 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000646488900001
ER

PT J
AU Li, XP
   Wu, Y
   He, SM
   Su, LJ
AF Li, Xinpo
   Wu, Yong
   He, Siming
   Su, Lijun
TI Application of the material point method to simulate the post-failure
   runout processes of the Wangjiayan landslide
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Material point method; Run-out analysis; Landslide deposition;
   Kinematics; Effects of buildings
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; TSAOLING
   LANDSLIDE; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; FLOW; DEFORMATION; MODEL; SICHUAN; CHINA;
   MASS
AB The first part of the paper presents a brief description of the material point method (MPM) including the governing equations, solution scheme and a benchmark problem of soil collapse simulated using the method. In the second and third part of the paper, the post-failure runout process of the Wangjiayan landslide is simulated and analyzed. The landslide's final topography and information from post-failure in-situ survey and laboratory tests are used to constrain the accuracy of computational results. The kinematic behaviors of the failure mass are investigated in terms of displacement, velocity, effective plastic strain fields and topography changes during the movement. Comparisons are made between conditions with and without buildings on the deposition area. Numerical computations demonstrate that the presence of buildings on the sliding path strongly governs the flow regime, run-out distance, velocity, strain field and final deposition topography of the landslide. So it is very essential, to incorporate the effects of buildings in the modelling and analyses. Numerical results considering buildings show that the slide lasts about 30 s with the most rapid phase occurring between 6 and 12 s, and that the maximum simulated velocity among the sliding particles in the landslide is 43.5.m/s, indicates that the moving of the landslide mass was very fast. The run-out distance simulated with MPM matches the measured post earthquake topography well, whereas the shape of the simulated deposition zone is a little differs. The buildings influence the sliding by shortening the overall run-out distance, decelerating the movement of the bottom layer, and increasing the internal deformation and mixing among deposition layers. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Xinpo; Wu, Yong; He, Siming; Su, Lijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Xinpo; Wu, Yong; He, Siming; Su, Lijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [He, Siming; Su, Lijun] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in
   Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS
RP Li, XP (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Li, XP (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM lixinpo@imde.ac.cn
TC 65
Z9 73
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD SEP 30
PY 2016
VL 212
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.07.014
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000385600200001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, HJ
   Zhou, Y
   Wang, SX
   Wang, FT
AF Wang, Hongjie
   Zhou, Yi
   Wang, Shixin
   Wang, Futao
TI Coupled model constructed to simulate the landslide dam flood discharge:
   a case study of Baige landslide dam, Jinsha River
SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE landslide dam; scenario simulation; flood discharge
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; STABILITY; RAINFALL; FAILURE;
   EROSION; AREAS; WATER; GIS
AB Landslide dam, always triggered by the strong earthquake and heavy rain, is a common natural disaster around the world. In this study, a coupled model was built by combining DB-IWHR model and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to simulate the landslide dam flood discharge. We mapped the maximum Baige landslide dam flood inundated area based on Gaofen-1 imagery, and then simulated the process of Baige landslide dam flood discharge using this coupled model. It was proved that, with 80.05% F values, the coupled model was suitable to simulate the process of landslide dam flood discharge. Lastly, multiple scenarios were simulated respectively by setting varying width and depth of spillway. The results of scenarios 1-4 indicated that spillway width presented low sensibility to the peak flow in spillway and the time of its arrival, and similarly to the water depth at river cross-section and the inundated area. Water depth at river cross-section and the inundated area decreased as spillway width increased. Even if spillway width varied at 10 m interval, the average variation of water depth was less than 1.82 m and the variation of inundated area was less than 2.85%. However, the results of scenarios 5-8 indicated that spillway depth was sensitive to the peak flow in spillway and its arrival time, and also to water depth at river cross-section and the inundated area. Water depth at river cross-section and the inundated area increased first and then started to drop with spillway depth kept decreasing. When spillway depth varied at only 2 m interval, the average variation of water depth at river cross-section basically exceeded 2 m and the variation of inundated area was more than 2.85%.
C1 [Wang, Hongjie; Zhou, Yi; Wang, Shixin; Wang, Futao] Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Hongjie] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Hongjie; Zhou, Yi; Wang, Shixin; Wang, Futao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Aerospace Information Research Institute,
   CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of
   Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Institute of Remote
   Sensing & Digital Earth, CAS
RP Zhou, Y; Wang, FT (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.; Zhou, Y; Wang, FT (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM zhouyi@radi.ac.cn; wangft@aircas.ac.cn
TC 7
Z9 10
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 2095-0195
EI 2095-0209
PD MAR
PY 2020
VL 14
IS 1
BP 63
EP 76
DI 10.1007/s11707-019-0805-5
EA FEB 2020
SC Geology
UT WOS:000516964800001
ER

PT J
AU Chuang, RY
   Lu, CH
   Yang, CJ
   Lin, YS
   Lee, TY
AF Chuang, R. Y.
   Lu, C. H.
   Yang, C. J.
   Lin, Y. S.
   Lee, T. Y.
TI Coseismic Uplift of the 1999 Mw7.6 Chi-Chi Earthquake
   and Implication to Topographic Change in Frontal Mountain Belts
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 2015 GORKHA; SURFACE DISPLACEMENT; INDUCED
   LANDSLIDES; ISOSTASY CANT; SLIP VECTORS; LONG-TERM; TAIWAN; EROSION;
   RUPTURE
AB Large dip-slip earthquakes have a major contribution to mountain building while earthquake-induced landslides lower mountains simultaneously. The amount of the coseismic uplift and landslides may dominate long-term mountain evolution. However, how earthquakes contribute to mountain evolution through coseismic uplift and landslides is less constrained in real cases. We present the regional coseismic uplift of the 1999 M(w)7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake by using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and GPS. The coseismic uplift pattern is consistent with field observations showing increasing movement to the north with similar to 8 m of uplift toward the northern end. We estimated uplifted rock volume of 2.60 1.09 km(3), which is five times greater than the coseismic landslide volume. Intense erosion of the Taiwan orogen may erode elevated rocks rapidly, but the uplift and landslide distributions do not match and correlate more inversely, suggesting the frontal orogenic topography should be increased rather than annulled over earthquake cycles.
C1 [Chuang, R. Y.; Lu, C. H.; Yang, C. J.; Lin, Y. S.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geog, Taipei, Taiwan.
   [Chuang, R. Y.] NTU Res Ctr Future Earth, Taipei, Taiwan.
   [Lee, T. Y.] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Geog, Taipei, Taiwan.
C3 National Taiwan University; National Taiwan Normal University
RP Chuang, RY (corresponding author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geog, Taipei, Taiwan.; Chuang, RY (corresponding author), NTU Res Ctr Future Earth, Taipei, Taiwan.
EM raychuang@ntu.edu.tw
TC 6
Z9 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
PD AUG 16
PY 2020
VL 47
IS 15
AR e2020GL088947
DI 10.1029/2020GL088947
SC Geology
UT WOS:000560376100106
ER

PT J
AU Chen, XL
   Liu, CG
   Wang, MM
   Zhou, Q
AF Chen, Xiao-li
   Liu, Chun-guo
   Wang, Ming-ming
   Zhou, Qing
TI Causes of unusual distribution of coseismic landslides triggered by the
   Mw 6.1 2014 Ludian, Yunnan, China earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Coselsmic landslides; 2014 Ludian earthquake; Seismic landslide
   susceptibility; Newmark method; Critical acceleration
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DENALI FAULT; CALIFORNIA;
   ALASKA
AB The Mw 6.1 2014 Ludian, Yunnan, China earthquake triggered numerous coseismic landslides that do not appear to be associated with any previously known seismogenic fault. Traditional models of triggering for seismically generated landslides do not provide a reasonable explanation for the landslide pattern observed here. Here the Newmark method is applied to a grid to calculate the minimum accelerations required for slope failures throughout the affected region. The results demonstrate that for much of the study area, the distribution of failure prone slopes is similar to the actual pattern of coseismic landslides, however there are some areas where the model predicts considerably fewer failures than occurred. We suggest that this is a result of the complex source faults that generated the Ludian earthquake, which produced a half -conjugate rupture on nearly EW- and NNW trending faults at depth. The rupture directed much of its seismic moment southeast of the epicenter, increasing ground shaking and the number of resulting landslides.
C1 [Chen, Xiao-li; Zhou, Qing] China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Chun-guo] China Earthquake Networks Ctr, Beijing 100045, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ming-ming] Sichuan Earthquake Adm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; China Earthquake Networks Center, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Sichuan Earthquake Agency, CEA
RP Chen, XL (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM chenxl@ies.ac.cn
TC 17
Z9 22
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1367-9120
EI 1878-5786
PD JUN 15
PY 2018
VL 159
BP 17
EP 23
DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.03.010
SC Geology
UT WOS:000436213700002
ER

PT J
AU Yang, HQ
   Li, H
   Chen, CW
   Liu, XC
AF Yang, Haiqing
   Li, Hao
   Chen, Chiwei
   Liu, Xinchang
TI Rapid stability assessment of barrier dams based on the extreme gradient
   boosting model
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Barrier dam stability; Rapid assessment method; Sparrow search
   algorithm; Extreme gradient boosting
ID LIVED LANDSLIDE DAM; JINSHA RIVER; DEBRIS FLOW; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   HSIAOLIN VILLAGE; FAILURE; MITIGATION; BREACH; HAZARD; SIMULATION
AB Barrier dams are major natural disasters that frequently occur in mountainous areas and have a high probability of destabilizing and failing within a short period. Catastrophic dam failures cause significant economic and ecological damage to downstream areas. Therefore, rapid and accurate assessment of barrier dam stability is crucial for effective emergency rescue efforts. A database was constructed with 1,738 barrier dam cases from 49 countries and regions. A machine learning algorithm was employed for barrier dam stability assessment, and the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) was used to optimize the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, Random forest, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) respectively. Then, 192 cases with detailed data were selected for training, validation, and comparison of model performance. Among the methods tested, the SSA-XGBoost model performed the best. In addition, the feature importance values of the input parameters were also analyzed. The dam height emerged as the most important factor, with a significantly higher importance value compared to other features. Based on this, 50 barrier dam cases with detailed information were randomly selected for stability assessment, and the results were compared with those of several classical methods. The results indicate that the SSA-XGBoost algorithm can more accurately judge the stability of barrier dams. The absolute accuracy, conservative accuracy, and misjudgment rates were 86%, 94%, and 6%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the assessment method proposed in this study is reliable and can provide some practical references for the emergency rescue of barrier dams.
C1 [Yang, Haiqing; Li, Hao; Chen, Chiwei; Liu, Xinchang] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Haiqing; Li, Hao; Chen, Chiwei; Liu, Xinchang] Natl Joint Engn Res Ctr Geohazards Prevent Reservo, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University
RP Chen, CW (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.; Chen, CW (corresponding author), Natl Joint Engn Res Ctr Geohazards Prevent Reservo, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
EM yanghaiqing@cqu.edu.cn; lihao_1126@cqu.edu.cn; cwchen@cqu.edu.cn
TC 1
Z9 1
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD FEB
PY 2025
VL 121
IS 3
BP 3047
EP 3072
DI 10.1007/s11069-024-06919-0
EA SEP 2024
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001317300800002
ER

PT J
AU Lei, XH
   Wang, XY
   Zhang, SJ
   Yang, HJ
   Wang, DF
   Wei, FQ
AF Lei, Xiaohu
   Wang, Xiuying
   Zhang, Shaojie
   Yang, Hongjuan
   Wang, Defu
   Wei, Fangqiang
TI Regional landslide identification using the slope unit containing
   deformation information
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE InSAR; Slope unit; Landslide boundary; Identify potential landslides;
   Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC); Wenchuan earthquake-stricken
   area, China
ID PERMANENT SCATTERERS; INTERFEROMETRY; PREDICTION; RAINFALL; EXTRACTION;
   SUBSIDENCE; STABILITY; RADAR; GIS
AB Using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to identify potential landslides on a regional scale requires defining their boundary ranges and shape characteristics. However, InSAR data in grid form can only delineate the deformation area within a slope and cannot identify its boundary and geometric features. To address this issue, a morphological image analysis and homogeneous slope unit-based method was adopted to extract slope units. Using Geographic Information System spatial analysis technology, the slope unit (surface vector) and InSAR (raster data) datasets were superimposed (hereinafter referred to as SU_InSAR). This can delineate specific slope boundaries for InSAR data scattered on a regional scale, enhancing readability and yielding a slope unit which contains deformation information for the identification of potential landslides. SU_InSAR was used to identify potential landslides in Minjiang River basin in Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. The results derived from the new mapping unit were compared to those of a hydrological-mechanical model using the Receiver Operating Characteristic evaluation method. The comparison results showed that the accuracy of the SU_ InSAR-based model was 24.4% higher than that of the hydrologic-mechanical model, which is expected to improve landslide mitigation.
C1 [Lei, Xiaohu] Chongqing Jiaotong Univ, Sch River & Ocean Engn, Chongqing 400074, Peoples R China.
   [Lei, Xiaohu; Wang, Xiuying; Zhang, Shaojie; Yang, Hongjuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Lei, Xiaohu; Wei, Fangqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Chongqing Inst Green & Intelligent Technol, Chongqing Sch, Chongqing 400714, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Defu] Minist Nat Resource, Geoinformat Mapping Inst 3, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing Jiaotong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Chongqing Institute of Green & Intelligent Technology, CAS; University
   of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Zhang, SJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM sj-zhang@imde.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JUN
PY 2025
VL 121
IS 10
BP 11885
EP 11914
DI 10.1007/s11069-025-07265-5
EA MAY 2025
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001494317300001
ER

PT J
AU Fu, GC
   Pan, H
   Cheng, J
AF Fu, Guochao
   Pan, Hua
   Cheng, Jiang
TI An Uncertainty Analysis of the Newmark Displacement Model for
   Earthquake-Induced Landslides in the Jiuzhaigou National Geopark
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE earthquakes; landslides; Monte Carlo; Beta-PERT distribution; Newmark
   Displacement Model; Tibet Plateau
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ARIAS INTENSITY; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; KUNLUN FAULT; HAZARD; CHINA; INVENTORY; FAILURE; BLOCK
AB In this paper, we present an approach to generating probabilistic hazard maps for earthquake-induced landslides using the Newmark Displacement Model (NDM). This model takes the uncertainties associated with the slope properties (e.g., soil shear strengths, groundwater table location) into consideration, which is coupled with the hydrological model based on geomorphological, geological, geotechnical, seismological, and rainfall data. Uncertainties and fluctuations in the input parameters of the NDM are considered by treating these quantities as beta-PERT distributions through Monte Carlo techniques, which allows probability value of the NDM to be cast into hazard maps. Additionally, incorporating Monte Carlo techniques can avoid using conservative input parameters in a deterministic approach to capture these uncertainties. Taking the 2017 Jiuzhaigou Mw 6.5 Earthquake in Sichuan Province, Western China as an example, earthquake-induced landslides probability distribution map is generated with the most appropriate displacement threshold (lambda = 1 cm). Our results show good performances for realistic landslide hazard assessment, which can serve as a basis for providing a reference for the prediction of earthquake-induced landslide probability and rapid landslide hazard assessment after a strong earthquake.
C1 [Fu, Guochao; Pan, Hua; Cheng, Jiang] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geophysics, CEA
RP Pan, H (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM panhua.mail@163.com
TC 2
Z9 2
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD DEC
PY 2024
VL 35
IS 6
BP 1998
EP 2012
DI 10.1007/s12583-021-1519-7
SC Geology
UT WOS:001381246300005
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, AX
   Miao, YM
   Liu, JZ
   Bai, SB
   Zeng, CY
   Ma, TW
   Hong, HY
AF Zhu, A-Xing
   Miao, Yamin
   Liu, Junzhi
   Bai, Shibiao
   Zeng, Canying
   Ma, Tianwu
   Hong, Haoyuan
TI A similarity-based approach to sampling absence data for landslide
   susceptibility mapping using data-driven methods
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Landslide absence data; Sampling method; Data-driven methods; Landslide
   susceptibility mapping, similarity model, data mining and machine
   learning
ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SPATIAL PREDICTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FREQUENCY
   RATIO; NEURAL-NETWORKS; GIS; MODELS; STRATEGIES
AB The absence data (samples) for landslide susceptibility mapping using data-driven methods are not available directly and often approximated by locations where no landslides have occurred. The existing methods for generating absence data cannot quantify the reliability of candidate absence data and thus such data reduce the quality of prediction. In this paper, a new approach to absence data generation, referred to as similarity based sampling, was proposed for landslide susceptibility mapping using data-driven methods. First, the reliability of candidate absence data is quantified based on the dissimilarity in environmental conditions (covariate conditions) between the absence data and the presence data (which are the landslide occurrences). The absence data whose reliability value is higher than a given threshold were selected to be used. The proposed approach was validated through its application to three data-driven methods (i.e. logistic regression, support vector machine and random forest) for landslide susceptibility mapping. A case study was conducted in the Youfang catchment in southern Gansu Province of China. Ten groups of absence data were generated each corresponding to one of the ten different thresholds of reliability ranging from 0.0 to 0.9. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the data-driven methods rose when the threshold increased from 0.0 to 0.5, but the accuracy decreases as the threshold continues to increase after 0.5, that is, from 0.5 to 0.9. The best performance was obtained when the threshold was 0.5. The proposed method was compared with existing methods for absence data generation (i.e. buffer controlled and target space exteriorization). These results show that the similarity-based approach has a better performance than these existing methods for landslide susceptibility mapping using data-driven methods.
C1 [Zhu, A-Xing; Miao, Yamin; Liu, Junzhi; Bai, Shibiao; Ma, Tianwu; Hong, Haoyuan] Nanjing Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing; Miao, Yamin; Liu, Junzhi; Bai, Shibiao; Ma, Tianwu; Hong, Haoyuan] Jiangsu Ctr Collaborat Innovat Geog Informat Reso, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Zhu, A-Xing] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing] Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Social Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Zeng, Canying] Zhejiang Univ Finance & Econ, Inst Land & Urban Rural Dev, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing; Miao, Yamin; Liu, Junzhi; Bai, Shibiao; Ma, Tianwu; Hong, Haoyuan] Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
C3 Nanjing Normal University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Nanjing Normal
   University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin
   Madison; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of
   Sciences, CAS; Southern University of Science & Technology; Zhejiang
   University of Finance & Economics; Nanjing Normal University
RP Liu, JZ; Hong, HY (corresponding author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM liujunzhi@njnu.edu.cn; 171301013@stu.njnu.edu.cn
TC 123
Z9 136
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD DEC
PY 2019
VL 183
AR 104188
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2019.104188
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000488417700014
ER

PT J
AU Serey, A
   Sepúlveda, SA
   Murphy, W
   Petley, DN
   De Pascale, G
AF Serey, Alejandra
   Sepulveda, Sergio A.
   Murphy, William
   Petley, David N.
   De Pascale, Gregory
TI Developing conceptual models for the recognition of coseismic landslides
   hazard for shallow crustal and megathrust earthquakes in different
   mountain environments - an example from the Chilean Andes
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   SLOPE FAILURES; ROCK AVALANCHE; LOMA-PRIETA; CONSTRAINTS; NORTHRIDGE;
   INVERSION; SEQUENCE
AB Landslides represent the most frequent geological hazard in mountainous environments. Most notably, landslides are a major source of fatalities and damage related to strong earthquakes. The main aim of this research is to show through three-dimensional engineer-friendly computer drawings, different mountain environments where coseismic landslides could be generated during shallow crustal and megathrust earthquakes in the Andes of central Chile. We have determined topographic, geomorphological, geological and seismic controlling factors in the occurrence of earthquake-triggered landslides from: (1) a comparison of local earthquake-induced landslide inventories in Chile (the M-w 6.2, shallow crustal Aysen earthquake in 2007 (45.3 degrees S) and the M-w 8.8, megathrust Maule earthquake in 2010 (32.5 degrees S-38.5 degrees S)) with others from abroad; and (2) analysis of large, prehistoric landslide inventories proposed as likely induced by seismic activity. With these results, we have built four representative geomodels of coseismic landslide geomorphological environments in the Andes of central Chile. Each one represents the possible landslide types that could be generated by a shallow crustal earthquake v. those likely to be generated by a megathrust earthquake. Additionally, the associated hazards and suggested mitigation measures are expressed in each scenario. These geomodels are a powerful tool for earthquake-induced landslide hazard assessment. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Ground models in engineering geology and hydrogeology collection available at:
C1 [Serey, Alejandra; Sepulveda, Sergio A.; De Pascale, Gregory] Univ Chile, Dept Geol, Santiago 8370450, Chile.
   [Serey, Alejandra; Sepulveda, Sergio A.] Univ OHiggins, Inst Ciencias Ingn, Rancagua, Chile.
   [Murphy, William] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
   [Petley, David N.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England.
C3 Universidad de Chile; Universidad de O'Higgins; University of Leeds;
   University of Sheffield
RP Serey, A (corresponding author), Univ Chile, Dept Geol, Santiago 8370450, Chile.; Serey, A (corresponding author), Univ OHiggins, Inst Ciencias Ingn, Rancagua, Chile.
EM alejandra.serey@gmail.com
TC 6
Z9 7
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE
PI BATH
PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON,
   ENGLAND
SN 1470-9236
EI 2041-4803
PD MAY
PY 2021
VL 54
IS 2
AR qjegh2020-023
DI 10.1144/qjegh2020-023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000646826600011
ER

PT J
AU Meena, SR
   Nava, L
   Bhuyan, K
   Puliero, S
   Soares, LP
   Dias, HC
   Floris, M
   Catani, F
AF Meena, Sansar Raj
   Nava, Lorenzo
   Bhuyan, Kushanav
   Puliero, Silvia
   Soares, Lucas Pedrosa
   Dias, Helen Cristina
   Floris, Mario
   Catani, Filippo
TI HR-GLDD: a globally distributed dataset using generalized deep learning
   (DL) for rapidlandslide mapping on high-resolution (HR) satellite
   imagery
SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
DT Article
ID 2018 HOKKAIDO; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDES
AB Multiple landslide events occur often across the world which have the potential to cause significant harm to both human life and property. Although a substantial amount of research has been conducted to address mapping of landslides using Earth observation (EO) data, several gaps and uncertainties remain with developing models to be operational at the global scale. The lack of a high-resolution globally distributed and event-diverse dataset for landslide segmentation poses a challenge in developing machine learning models that can accurately and robustly detect landslides in various regions, as the limited representation of landslide and background classes can result in poor generalization performance of the models. To address this issue, we present the High-Resolution Global landslide Detector Database (HR-GLDD), a high-resolution (HR) satellite dataset (PlanetScope, 3 m pixel resolution) for landslide mapping composed of landslide instances from 10 different physiographical regions globally in South and South-East Asia, East Asia, South America, and Central America. The dataset contains five rainfall-triggered and five earthquake-triggered multiple landslide events that occurred in varying geomorphological and topographical regions in the form of standardized image patches containing four PlanetScope image bands (red, green, blue, and NIR) and a binary mask for landslide detection. The HRGLDD can be accessed through this link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7189381 (Meena et al., 2022a, c). HRGLDD is one of the first datasets for landslide detection generated by high-resolution satellite imagery which can be useful for applications in artificial intelligence for landslide segmentation and detection studies. Five stateof-the-art deep learning models were used to test the transferability and robustness of the HR-GLDD. Moreover, three recent landslide events were used for testing the performance and usability of the dataset to comment on the detection of newly occurring significant landslide events. The deep learning models showed similar results when testing the HR-GLDD at individual test sites, thereby indicating the robustness of the dataset for such purposes. The HR-GLDD is open access and it has the potential to calibrate and develop models to produce reliable inventories using high-resolution satellite imagery after the occurrence of new significant landslide events. The HR-GLDD will be updated regularly by integrating data from new landslide events.
C1 [Meena, Sansar Raj; Nava, Lorenzo; Bhuyan, Kushanav; Puliero, Silvia; Floris, Mario; Catani, Filippo] Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Machine Intelligence & Slope Stabil Lab, I-35129 Padua, Italy.
   [Soares, Lucas Pedrosa; Dias, Helen Cristina] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Energy & Environm, BR-05508010 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
C3 University of Padua; Universidade de Sao Paulo
RP Meena, SR (corresponding author), Univ Padua, Dept Geosci, Machine Intelligence & Slope Stabil Lab, I-35129 Padua, Italy.
EM sansarraj.meena@unipd.it
TC 30
Z9 33
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1866-3508
EI 1866-3516
PD JUL 27
PY 2023
VL 15
IS 7
BP 3283
EP 3298
DI 10.5194/essd-15-3283-2023
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
UT WOS:001037888500001
ER

PT J
AU Wang, SY
   Lin, XK
   Qi, X
   Li, HD
   Yang, JJ
AF Wang, Siying
   Lin, Xiaokun
   Qi, Xing
   Li, Hongde
   Yang, Jingjing
TI Landslide susceptibility analysis based on a PSO-DBN prediction model in
   an earthquake-stricken area
SO FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
DT Article
DE AUC; deep belief network (DBN); PSO-particle swarm optimization; K-fold
   cross-validation method; landslide susceptibility
ID FREQUENCY RATIO; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; 2013 LUSHAN; OPTIMIZATION;
   ENTROPY; INDEX; CLASSIFICATION; WEIGHTS; HAZARD; FOREST
AB In recent years, the major geological hazard of landslides has greatly impact normal human life. Deep belief networks (DBN) is a commonly used deep learning model, and the DBN hyperparameter determination problem is the key to its application. To improve the accuracy of regional landslide susceptibility prediction, this paper introduces the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) to determine the hyperparameters of the DBN; this is applied to regional landslide susceptibility prediction. Firstly, PSO is used to optimize the hyperparameters of the DBN and obtain a set of hyperparameters with the optimal fitness function. A landslide susceptibility prediction model based on PSO-DBN is then constructed and the K-fold cross-validation method is used to determine its accuracy. The model is applied to landslide susceptibility prediction in the most impacted area of the Wenchuan earthquake to analyze the model's accuracy. Finally, model susceptibility analysis is performed. The research results show that the final optimal model accuracy of the PSO-DBN model is 95.52%, which is approximately 28.31% and 15.35% higher than that of the logistic regression (LR) model and the common DBN model, respectively. The Kappa coefficient is 0.883, which is higher than that of the LR model. Compared with the LR model and the common DBN model, Kappa coefficient is improved by approximately 0.542 and 0.269 respectively; the area under the curve (AUC) is 0.951, which is improved by approximately 0.201 and 0.080 compared to the LR model and the common DBN model. The susceptibility of the model to the inertia factor is low, the average change in model accuracy (when the inertia factor changes by 0.1) is approximately 0.1%, and the overall stability of the model is high. The landslide susceptibility level is very high. The area includes 219 landslide points, which account for 39.2% of total landslide points. In the area with a high level of landslide susceptibility are 191 landslide points, accounting for 34.2% of total landslide points. Together, the two contain approximately 73.4% of the landslide points. This indicates that the model prediction results agree well with the spatial distribution characteristics of the landslide.
C1 [Wang, Siying; Lin, Xiaokun] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Lin, Xiaokun; Li, Hongde; Yang, Jingjing] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Math & Phys, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Lin, Xiaokun] Geomath Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Xing] Sichuan Univ Sci & Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Zigong, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Sichuan University of Science & Engineering
RP Lin, XK (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Management Sci, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Lin, XK (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Math & Phys, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Lin, XK (corresponding author), Geomath Key Lab Sichuan Prov, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Qi, X (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ Sci & Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Zigong, Peoples R China.
EM lxk010616@163.com; qixing2009@163.com
TC 11
Z9 11
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-665X
PD AUG 24
PY 2022
VL 10
AR 912523
DI 10.3389/fenvs.2022.912523
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000872574700001
ER

PT J
AU Shrestha, S
   Kang, TS
   Suwal, MK
AF Shrestha, Suchita
   Kang, Tae-Seob
   Suwal, Madan Krishna
TI An Ensemble Model for Co-Seismic Landslide Susceptibility Using GIS and
   Random Forest Method
SO ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION
DT Article
DE co-seismic landslide susceptibility; ensemble model; GIS; random forest
   method
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FREQUENCY
   RATIO; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SPATIAL PREDICTION; BIVARIATE; ZONATION;
   WEIGHTS; HAZARDS; PRODUCE
AB The Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake of 25 April 2015 triggered thousands of landslides in the central part of the Nepal Himalayas. The main goal of this study was to generate an ensemble-based map of co-seismic landslide susceptibility in Sindhupalchowk District using model comparison and combination strands. A total of 2194 co-seismic landslides were identified and were randomly split into 1536 (similar to 70%), to train data for establishing the model, and the remaining 658 (similar to 30%) for the validation of the model. Frequency ratio, evidential belief function, and weight of evidence methods were applied and compared using 11 different causative factors (peak ground acceleration, epicenter proximity, fault proximity, geology, elevation, slope, plan curvature, internal relief, drainage proximity, stream power index, and topographic wetness index) to prepare the landslide susceptibility map. An ensemble of random forest was then used to overcome the various prediction limitations of the individual models. The success rates and prediction capabilities were critically compared using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). By synthesizing the results of the various models into a single score, the ensemble model improved accuracy and provided considerably more realistic prediction capacities (91%) than the frequency ratio (81.2%), evidential belief function (83.5%) methods, and weight of evidence (80.1%).
C1 [Shrestha, Suchita; Kang, Tae-Seob] Pukyong Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst Sci, 45 Yongso Ro, Busan 48513, South Korea.
   [Suwal, Madan Krishna] Univ Bergen, Dept Geog, Fosswinckelsgt 6, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
C3 Pukyong National University; University of Bergen
RP Kang, TS (corresponding author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst Sci, 45 Yongso Ro, Busan 48513, South Korea.
EM suchitashrestha@gmail.com; tskang@pknu.ac.kr; madanksuwal@gmail.com
TC 26
Z9 29
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2220-9964
PD NOV
PY 2017
VL 6
IS 11
AR 365
DI 10.3390/ijgi6110365
SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
UT WOS:000416779300046
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, SY
   Dai, FC
   Deng, JH
   Wen, H
   Li, H
   Chen, F
AF Zhao, Siyuan
   Dai, Fuchu
   Deng, Jianhui
   Wen, Hong
   Li, Hua
   Chen, Fei
TI Insights into landslide development and susceptibility in extremely
   complex alpine geoenvironments along the western Sichuan-Tibet
   Engineering Corridor, China
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Southeastern Tibetan Plateau; Alpine geomorphology; Landslide
   development; Landslide susceptibility assessment; Landscape evolution
ID TSANGPO SUTURE ZONE; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DADU RIVER; PLATEAU; PREDICTION; COLLISION;
   INCISION; EROSION
AB The Sichuan-Tibet Engineering Corridor (STEC), which provides the key function of transportation between the plain and plateau regions, is subjected to widely distributed landslides in the southeastern margins of the Tibetan Plateau. This study investigated the landslides in terms of geomorphological and geological analyses and sus-ceptibility assessment along the western STEC between Changdu and Nyingchi Cities, which is characterized by extremely complex geoenvironments across three major river catchments. The results suggested the spatial feature that the landslides preferentially occurred in river valley regions with high elevation and distinctive local relief. Soft rock types of shale, siltstone, schist and gneiss controlled most landslide areas, while faults and rivers strongly dominated landslide formation. Landslide susceptibility results performed by the support vector ma-chine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and multilayer perception (MLP) models were highly dependent on various sample sets, revealing different hazard-formation backgrounds among the Lancang, Nu, and Yarlung Tsangpo (YLTP) river catchments. A comparative analysis demonstrated the most robust model, the SVM, indicating that lithology, elevation, local relief, slope, and distance to faults were the most significant factors causing landslides. In summary, the investigations signified that the development of landslides along the STEC was macroscopically controlled by regional and vertical zonation of the tectonic geomorphology driven by regional uplift, and was locally dominated by lithology and suture zones. Eventually, further surface erosion and earthquakes dynamically offered inducements for landslide initiation. This study strengthens the understanding of landslide development and susceptibility in response to landscape evolution in southeastern Tibet, and pro-vides a conceptual model for disaster prevention and mitigation in similar high-relief plateau margin regions.
C1 [Zhao, Siyuan; Deng, Jianhui; Li, Hua] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Dai, Fuchu] Beijing Univ Technol, Key Lab Urban Secur & Disaster Engn, Minist Educ, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China.
   [Wen, Hong] Xihua Univ, Sch Architecture & Civil Engn, Chengdu 610039, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Fei] Chengdu Univ, Sch Architecture & Civil Engn, Chengdu 610106, Peoples R China.
   [Deng, Jianhui] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, 24 South Sect 1,Yihuan Rd, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Beijing University of Technology; Xihua University;
   Chengdu University; Sichuan University
RP Deng, JH (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, 24 South Sect 1,Yihuan Rd, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM zhaosiyuan@scu.edu.cn; jhdeng@scu.edu.cn
TC 38
Z9 39
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD JUN 15
PY 2023
VL 227
AR 107105
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2023.107105
EA MAR 2023
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000969163500001
ER

PT J
AU Sun, SQ
   Li, SC
   Li, LP
   Shi, SS
   Wang, J
   Hu, J
   Hu, C
AF Sun, Shangqu
   Li, Shucai
   Li, Liping
   Shi, Shaoshuai
   Wang, Jing
   Hu, Jie
   Hu, Cong
TI Slope stability analysis and protection measures in bridge and tunnel
   engineering: a practical case study from Southwestern China
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Bridge and tunnel engineering; High and steep slope; Stability analysis;
   Rockfall; Protection measures
ID DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCKFALL; COEFFICIENT;
   RESTITUTION; SIMULATION; PARAMETERS; SIZE
AB This study addresses the instability problem of typical slopes in the engineering constructions of bridges and tunnels in Southwestern China by combining the results of detailed field monitoring, geological and geometrical investigation, and numerical simulations and then proposes comprehensive protection measures. The study area is a vital part of the Chengdu-Lanzhou high-speed railway in Sichuan Province, located in the 512 Wenchuan's meizoseismic area. The slope stability was analysed based on the data collected by field monitoring. The results indicated that the slope toe was stable under a natural state, while a large deformation was observed occasionally owing to tunnel blasting and excavation. Subsequently, a digital binocular camera installed on a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle was used to identify unstable rockmass. By analysing the slope and the dip direction angles, three potential paths of rockfall hazard were selected for further studies. A retaining wall and a soft protecting net were installed along the slope to intercept potential debris flow and possible falling rocks above the tunnel portal, respectively. A Mohr-Coulomb model was built using universal distinct element code to identify the rockfall initiation position. Overall, the field monitoring results were in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. Moreover, the Rocscience Rocfall program was used to calculate the bounce height and the total kinetic energy of falling rocks. Finally, mitigation measures for the potential landslide, rockfall, and mudslide hazard were proposed and adopted in practical engineering applications, and aimed to provide a useful reference for similar engineering practices.
C1 [Sun, Shangqu; Li, Shucai; Li, Liping; Shi, Shaoshuai; Wang, Jing; Hu, Jie] Shandong Univ, Geotech & Struct Engn Res Ctr, 17923 Jingshi Rd, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Cong] Ecole Cent Lille, LML, BP48, F-59651 Villeneuve Dascq, France.
C3 Shandong University; Universite de Lille; Centrale Lille
RP Shi, SS (corresponding author), Shandong Univ, Geotech & Struct Engn Res Ctr, 17923 Jingshi Rd, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China.
EM 15275117692@163.com
TC 33
Z9 38
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUL
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 5
BP 3305
EP 3321
DI 10.1007/s10064-018-1362-y
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000471237400019
ER

PT J
AU Li, G
   West, AJ
   Densmore, AL
   Jin, ZD
   Zhang, F
   Wang, J
   Clark, M
   Hilton, RG
AF Li, Gen
   West, A. Joshua
   Densmore, Alexander L.
   Jin, Zhangdong
   Zhang, Fei
   Wang, Jin
   Clark, Marin
   Hilton, Robert G.
TI Earthquakes drive focused denudation along a tectonically active
   mountain front
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
DT Article
DE erosion/denudation; earthquake-triggered landslides; Longmen Shan;
   active mountain ranges; mountain belt evolution
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; INDUCED LANDSLIDES; THRESHOLD HILLSLOPES;
   EASTERN MARGIN; FAULT SYSTEM; SEDIMENT; EROSION; UPLIFT; MASS;
   EVACUATION
AB Earthquakes cause widespread landslides that can increase erosional fluxes observed over years to decades. However, the impact of earthquakes on denudation over the longer timescales relevant to orogenic evolution remains elusive. Here we assess erosion associated with earthquake-triggered landslides in the Longmen Shan range at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. We use the M(w)7.9 2008 Wenchuan and M(w)6.6 2013 Lushan earthquakes to evaluate how seismicity contributes to the erosional budget from short timescales (annual to decadal, as recorded by sediment fluxes) to long timescales (kyr to Myr, from cosmogenic nuclides and low temperature thermochronology). Over this wide range of timescales, the highest rates of denudation in the Longmen Shan coincide spatially with the region of most intense landsliding during the Wenchuan earthquake. Across sixteen gauged river catchments, sediment flux-derived denudation rates following the Wenchuan earthquake are closely correlated with seismic ground motion and the associated volume of Wenchuan-triggered landslides (r(2) > 0.6), and to a lesser extent with the frequency of high intensity runoff events (r(2) = 0.36). To assess whether earthquake-induced landsliding can contribute importantly to denudation over longer timescales, we model the total volume of landslides triggered by earthquakes of various magnitudes over multiple earthquake cycles. We combine models that predict the volumes of landslides triggered by earthquakes, calibrated against the Wenchuan and Lushan events, with an earthquake magnitude frequency distribution. The long-term, landslide-sustained "seismic erosion rate" is similar in magnitude to regional long-term denudation rates (similar to 0.5-1 mm yr(-1)). The similar magnitude and spatial coincidence suggest that earthquake-triggered landslides are a primary mechanism of long-term denudation in the frontal Longmen Shan. We propose that the location and intensity of seismogenic faulting can contribute to focused denudation along a high-relief plateau margin. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Gen; West, A. Joshua] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Densmore, Alexander L.; Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Densmore, Alexander L.; Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Jin, Zhangdong; Zhang, Fei; Wang, Jin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710075, Peoples R China.
   [Clark, Marin] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
C3 University of Southern California; Durham University; Durham University;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS;
   University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
RP Li, G (corresponding author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM genli@usc.edu
TC 45
Z9 52
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
EI 1385-013X
PD AUG 15
PY 2017
VL 472
BP 253
EP 265
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.040
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000405153600023
ER

PT J
AU Wistuba, M
   Malik, I
   Krzemierí, K
   Gorczyca, E
   Sobucki, M
   Wronska-Walach, D
   Gawior, D
AF Wistuba, Malgorzata
   Malik, Ireneusz
   Krzemieri, Kazimierz
   Gorczyca, Elzbieta
   Sobucki, Mateusz
   Wronska-Walach, Dominika
   Gawior, Daniel
TI Can low-magnitude earthquakes act as a triggering factor for landslide
   activity? Examples from the Western Carpathian Mts, Poland
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Landslide; Low-magnitude earthquake; Seismic activity; Triggering factor
ID SLOW-MOVING LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; COMPLEX LANDSLIDE; SICHUAN PROVINCE; MASS
   MOVEMENTS; BEICHUAN AREA; CHINA; RECONSTRUCTION
AB There are numerous examples of the impact of strong earthquakes on landslide activity. There is however very little information about the ability of low-magnitude earthquakes (M < 5.0) to affect the stability of pre-existing landslide slopes. Two landslides were studied (Holowiec and Ramie& Western Carpathians, Poland). These are located 20-30 km from seismoactive zones where earthquakes of M <= 4.4 occur. We have used tree rings to date past landslide movements possibly caused by earthquakes. We have dated events of tree tilting by landslide activity, after which the trees developed eccentric rings and reaction wood, in a sample of 40 Norway spruces (Holowiec) and 51 European silver firs (Kamien). The results of dendrochronological dating were compared with the occurrence of earthquakes in the study area (magnitudes, epicentral distance, etc.). We have also analysed precipitation data to help to disentangle the impact of rainfall and earthquakes as triggering factors. We were able to distinguish: earthquake-triggered landsliding with no impact of precipitation, precipitation-triggered landsliding with no seismic impact and landsliding triggered by the overlapping impact of precipitation and earthquakes. The results show that the combination of both triggering factors has the strongest influence on the stability of landslides under study. The study demonstrates the ability of low-magnitude (M < 5.0) earthquakes to trigger landslide activity, even at distances larger than appears from limiting curves published for co-seismic landslides. The results also suggest that the activity of the Ramjet% landslide can possibly be influenced by the long-distance (over 500 km) influence of strong earthquakes (M 6.8-7.4) from outside of the study area. The study demonstrates that the seismic factor, both local, low-magnitude earthquakes and distant, strong earthquakes, can be an important trigger of landslide activity. Their role may be underestimated in the study area and other areas considered as seismically non-active or of low seismic activity.
C1 [Wistuba, Malgorzata; Malik, Ireneusz; Gawior, Daniel] Univ Silesia Katowice, Fac Earth Sci, Ul Bedzinska 60, PL-41200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
   [Krzemieri, Kazimierz; Gorczyca, Elzbieta; Sobucki, Mateusz; Wronska-Walach, Dominika] Jagiellonian Univ Krakow, Inst Geog & Spatial Management, Ul Gronostajowa 7, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland.
C3 University of Silesia in Katowice; Jagiellonian University
RP Wistuba, M (corresponding author), Univ Silesia Katowice, Fac Earth Sci, Ul Bedzinska 60, PL-41200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
EM malg.wistuba@gmail.com
TC 43
Z9 44
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD DEC
PY 2018
VL 171
BP 359
EP 375
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.028
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000447107900034
ER

PT J
AU Basharat, M
   Riaz, MT
   Jan, MQ
   Xu, C
   Riaz, S
AF Basharat, Muhammad
   Riaz, Muhammad Tayyib
   Jan, M. Qasim
   Xu, Chong
   Riaz, Saima
TI A review of landslides related to the 2005 Kashmir Earthquake:
   implication and future challenges
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Review
DE Landslide hazard; 2005 Kashmir earthquake; Remote sensing; Himalayas
ID BALA ROCK AVALANCHE; CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; MASS MOVEMENTS; NW HIMALAYAS; SUSCEPTIBILITY
   ASSESSMENT; SURFACE RUPTURE; 2018 HOKKAIDO; EVOLUTION
AB It has been 15 years since the catastrophic 2005 Kashmir Mw 7.6 earthquake induced thousands of landslides in northern Pakistan and Kashmir. There have been many studies on various aspects of the landslides triggered by the earthquake, such as the mechanisms of individual large landslides, regional seismic landslide inventory mapping, spatial distribution pattern, susceptibility and hazard assessment, and landslide evolution, which provide beneficial scientific results. However, there is currently no summary and generalization of these studies for ready use of the researchers to fully understand the information of the landslide caused by the earthquake. This study comprehensively reviews and summarizes the important results obtained from published data on the landslides. The seismogenic and regional active faults, fragile lithological condition, heavy rainfall, anthropogenic activities, and steep terrain were considered as main controlling factors for the landslide occurrence. Studies on landslide evolution reveal that vegetation on most of the landslides was partially recovered after the earthquake, while slope failures along roads and drainages increased. In the affected area, landslides are still a great threat to communication networks and communities. Despite many past studies, there is still a need or in-depth research using more precise methods to understand the mechanism, hazard, and risk assessment, numerical simulation, landslide risk management and mitigation, and continuous or temporal monitoring of landslides in the affected area. Combined with high-quality data on landslides triggered by other earthquake events in recent years, the study points out the prospects of Kashmir earthquake-induced landslides and summarizes the future challenges of earthquake-triggered landslides research, including accuracy of inventories, the precision of landslide, susceptibility methods, prevention and control of landslide, and landslide hazards and risk assessment. This review can provide a reasonable scientific research and disaster prevention and mitigation strategy and scheme for landslides triggered by a large earthquake in the future.
C1 [Basharat, Muhammad; Riaz, Muhammad Tayyib] Univ Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Inst Geol, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
   [Riaz, Muhammad Tayyib] Univ Azad Jammu & Kashmir Neelum Campus, Dept Geol, Athmuqam, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
   [Jan, M. Qasim] Univ Peshawar, NCE Geol, Peshawar, Pakistan.
   [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Riaz, Saima] WSP Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
C3 University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir; University of Peshawar; China
   Earthquake Administration
RP Basharat, M (corresponding author), Univ Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Inst Geol, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
EM basharatgeo@ajku.edu.pk
TC 37
Z9 43
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD AUG
PY 2021
VL 108
IS 1
BP 1
EP 30
DI 10.1007/s11069-021-04688-8
EA MAR 2021
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000630286300003
ER

PT J
AU Kang, D
   Zou, SZ
   Ma, L
   Yin, CJ
   Zhu, DH
AF Kang, Di
   Zou, Shuzhen
   Ma, Long
   Yin, Caijia
   Zhu, Dahai
TI Abiotic Regulation: Landslide Scale and Altitude Regulate Functional
   Traits of Regenerating Plant Communities After Earthquakes
SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
DT Article
DE earthquakes; functional traits; phylogeny; community assembly; landslide
ID DIVERSITY; MECHANISMS; VEGETATION; RECOVERY
AB Regeneration and assembly of a plant community after a large-scale natural disturbance are affected by many factors. The relative importance of abiotic factors represented by the external environment and the biological factors inside the plant community during this process is still unexplored. This work investigated the regions affected by the Wenchuan earthquake, focusing on areas with the highest intensity (XI degrees) of this earthquake, and the process of community assembly through functional traits on landslides. The aim of this study was to understand the importance of factors influencing community assembly from the perspective of functional traits. The main conclusion is presented as follows: after the regeneration of large earthquake-induced landslides, community-level functional traits covering many plant organs, such as roots, stems, leaves and seeds, are obviously different from those unaffected by landslides. Functional traits do not show strong phylogenetic conservatism. Overall, community traits are divergent or random, and the degree of divergence among the different traits varies. Species composition and alpha diversity have minimal effect on community functional traits during the process of landslide restoration. Landslide scale and altitude significantly affected community-level functional traits in the process of community assembly. All the findings suggested that the functional traits of regenerating vegetation after the earthquake changed significantly and that the functional traits depended more on abiotic regulation than on evolutionary and species-specific factors.
C1 [Kang, Di; Zou, Shuzhen; Ma, Long; Yin, Caijia] China West Normal Univ, Key Lab Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conser, Minist Educ, Nanchong, Peoples R China.
   [Kang, Di; Zou, Shuzhen] Res Ctr Recycle Agr Engn & Technol Shaanxi Prov, Yangling, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Dahai] Longxi Hongkou Nat Reserve Adm, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 China West Normal University
RP Kang, D; Zou, SZ (corresponding author), China West Normal Univ, Key Lab Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conser, Minist Educ, Nanchong, Peoples R China.; Kang, D; Zou, SZ (corresponding author), Res Ctr Recycle Agr Engn & Technol Shaanxi Prov, Yangling, Peoples R China.
EM kangyuyao@foxmail.com; zousz@foxmail.com
TC 10
Z9 11
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
SN 2296-701X
PD MAR 18
PY 2022
VL 10
AR 846642
DI 10.3389/fevo.2022.846642
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000779394100001
ER

PT J
AU Yu, H
   Li, H
   Zhang, ZQ
   Zhang, GF
   Wang, DH
   Zheng, HD
AF Yu, Hong
   Li, Hao
   Zhang, Zhi-Qiang
   Zhang, Gui-Feng
   Wang, Da-Hai
   Zheng, Hua-Dong
TI Failure Patterns of Transmission Tower-Line System Caused by Landslide
   Events
SO ENERGIES
DT Article
DE collapse analysis; tower-line system; landslide; collapse pattern;
   explicit dynamic analysis
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; COLLAPSE ANALYSIS; PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE; MODEL
AB A transmission tower-line system consists of many towers and cables, which is a long-span structure. Due to topographical restrictions, the structure inevitably passes through wide areas prone to landslide hazards. The landslide causes the failure of the tower foundation and threatens the safety of the power transmission system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the collapse patterns of a transmission tower-line structure under landslides. The explicit analysis method was used to deal with the nonlinear dynamic response equations of the structure. To prove the effect of the landslides on the collapse patterns of the transmission tower-line structure, two foundation failure cases (Case 1 and Case 2) under landslides were considered. For each case, the displacement responses at tower tops and the progressive collapse behavior were analyzed, which illustrate that the failure patterns of the tower-line structure under landslides are dominated by two factors, i.e., the failure mode of the tower foundation and the pulling effect of cables. The overall tilting and hinge formation in the middle of the tower body are the main collapse patterns of the structure under Case 1 and Case 2, respectively. In addition, because of the pulling of cables, the collapse of one tower induced by the landslides always triggers the local failure of neighboring tower heads.
C1 [Yu, Hong; Li, Hao] Yunnan Power Grid Co Ltd, Elect Power Res Inst, Kunming 650233, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Zhi-Qiang; Zhang, Gui-Feng] China Southern Power Grid Co Ltd, Elect Power Res Inst, Guangzhou 510663, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Da-Hai; Zheng, Hua-Dong] Wuhan Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Da-Hai; Zheng, Hua-Dong] Wuhan Univ Technol, Sanya Sci & Educ Innovat Pk, Sanya 572024, Peoples R China.
C3 China Southern Power Grid; China Southern Power Grid; Wuhan University
   of Technology; Wuhan University of Technology
RP Zheng, HD (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.; Zheng, HD (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ Technol, Sanya Sci & Educ Innovat Pk, Sanya 572024, Peoples R China.
EM zhenghd@whut.edu.cn
TC 3
Z9 3
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1996-1073
PD OCT
PY 2022
VL 15
IS 19
AR 7155
DI 10.3390/en15197155
SC Energy & Fuels
UT WOS:000867990600001
ER

PT J
AU Cheng, S
   Yang, G
   Yu, H
   Li, JY
   Zhang, L
AF Cheng, Song
   Yang, Gang
   Yu, Hui
   Li, Jiyue
   Zhang, Li
TI Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake-induced landslides on soil physical
   properties and tree growth
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
DT Article
DE Landslides; Plant organ water contents; Soil physical properties; Root
   parameters; Wenchuan Earthquake
ID YELLOW BIRCH; ROOTS; STRATEGIES; RESPONSES; FOREST
AB How earthquake-induced landslides impact the growth of existing trees remains unknown worldwide. Therefore, we established an experiment with two tree species (Cupressus funebris, Cryptomeria fortunei) and two landslide conditions (non-impacted and impacted stands) near the northern section of the fault belt one year after the Wenchuan Earthquake (8.0M(s)) that occurred in China in 2008. At site I. two plots of each species were located in non-impacted stands. At site II, three plots of Cu. funebris were established in non-impacted stands, and three plots were established in impacted stands. At site III, three plots of Cr. fortunei were placed in non-impacted stands, while two plots were placed in impacted stands. All plots were 20m x 20m in size. At each plot, we measured the diameter at breast height and the height of each tree and used their mean values to select five trees representing average growth. Two to three small fine roots (<= 2.0 mm in diameter, >20 cm long) were sampled in just three of the five selected trees to investigate root parameters. Leaf, branch and root water contents of the sampled trees were also examined. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 10, 10 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm depths at the center and near the four corners of each plot to analyze soil physical properties. The study revealed that saturated water content, capillary moisture capacity, field water capacity, total porosity and capillary porosity were lower in the impacted stands than in the non-impacted stands. Conversely, bulk density was higher in the impacted stands, indicating that the soils in the impacted stands had become compacted and dry. Soil water content, saturated water content, capillary moisture capacity, field water capacity, total porosity, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity were greater in Cr. fortunei stands than in Cu. funebris stands, while bulk density was lower, indicating that impacted stands of Cu. funebris were more compacted and dry than those of Cr. fortunei. In impacted Cu. funebris stands, mean tip length/length and mean tip length/biomass decreased, while plant organ water contents did not change. In impacted Cr. fortunei stands, in contrast, these root parameters as well as specific root area, specific root length and leaf water content increased. These patterns suggest Cr. funebris experiences a much higher root growth than Cu. funebris in landslide impacted stands. Survival and recovery may be more difficult for Cu. funebris than for Cr. fortunei. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Li] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43202 USA.
   [Cheng, Song] GeCheng Global Ecotech Inc, Columbus, OH 43200 USA.
   [Yang, Gang; Yu, Hui] Chinese Acad Sci, IMHE, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Gang; Yu, Hui] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Jiyue] S China Agr Univ, Coll Forestry, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
C3 University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of
   Sciences, CAS; South China Agricultural University
RP Zhang, L (corresponding author), Ohio State Univ, Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Res Pk, Columbus, OH 43202 USA.
EM zhang.326@osu.edu
TC 31
Z9 42
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1470-160X
EI 1872-7034
PD APR
PY 2012
VL 15
IS 1
BP 263
EP 270
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.09.028
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000298129100031
ER

PT J
AU Wu, H
   Nian, TK
   Chen, G
   Zhao, W
   Li, DY
AF Wu, Hao
   Nian, Ting-kai
   Chen, Guang-qi
   Zhao, Wei
   Li, Dong-yang
TI Laboratory-scale investigation of the 3-D geometry of landslide dams in
   a U-shaped valley
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dam geometry; Laboratory-scale experiment; Photogrammetric
   method; Prediction model
ID BREAK FLOOD; EARTHQUAKE; PREDICTION; FAILURE; MORAINE; SICHUAN; MODEL
AB Landslide dams form when a landslide obstructs narrow and steep valleys in mountainous areas. Since these dams may fail over a short time and cause secondary geological disasters in the downstream area, the stability of such dams must be assessed in an accurate and timely manner. The three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of a landslide dam, which is one of the essential indices for stability analyses, is highly influenced by the landslide dam formation conditions, including the sliding surface dip-angle and the valley topography. However, few studies have focused on the correlation between the 3-D geometry and formation conditions of a landslide dam. A photogrammetric system was used to develop a laboratory apparatus to simulate the formation process of a landslide dam and construct a digital model for the 3-D geometry of a landslide dam in a U-shaped valley. Then, a series of experiments were designed to systematically investigate the formation process and the 3-D geometry of landslide dams under different combinations of valley bed inclinations (0, 4 degrees, 8 degrees, and 12 degrees) and sliding surface dip-angles (30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, and 75 degrees). The results indicate that the sliding surface dip-angle has a significant effect on the length and height of a landslide dam, whereas the valley bed inclination has a limited effect on the length and height compared with its effect on the relative angles of a landslide dam. In addition, the cross-sectional profiles of landslide dams can be classified into three categories; namely, symmetric, asymmetric and flat shapes; and these profiles are predominantly affected by the sliding surface dip-angle instead of the valley bed inclination. Subsequently, a mathematical model for predicting the 3-D geometry of a landslide dam was presented according to the experimental results, and it was verified by the experimental data and 42 historical cases of landslide dams. Based on the proposed model, the predicted 3-D geometry of the Tangjiashan landslide dam triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake of 2008 was consistent with its actual geometry, which confirmed the reliability of the prediction model in practical applications. The findings of our study contribute to the establishment of evidence-based disaster prevention and mitigation measures for landslide dims.
C1 [Wu, Hao; Nian, Ting-kai; Zhao, Wei; Li, Dong-yang] Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, 2 Linggong Rd, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, Peoples R China.
   [Wu, Hao; Nian, Ting-kai; Zhao, Wei; Li, Dong-yang] Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Coastal & Offshore Engn, 2 Linggong Rd, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Guang-qi] Kyushu Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan.
C3 Dalian University of Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Kyushu
   University
RP Nian, TK (corresponding author), Dalian Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, 2 Linggong Rd, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, Peoples R China.; Nian, TK (corresponding author), Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Coastal & Offshore Engn, 2 Linggong Rd, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, Peoples R China.
EM haowugeot@mail.dlut.edu.cn; tknian@dlut.edu.cn;
   chen@civil.kyushu-u.ac.jp; zhaoweiyt@163.com;
   callmedaqian@mail.dlut.edu.cn
TC 41
Z9 45
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD FEB
PY 2020
VL 265
AR 105428
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105428
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000517660100017
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YL
   Wen, HJ
   Xie, P
   Hu, DP
   Zhang, JL
   Zhang, WG
AF Zhang, Yalan
   Wen, Haijia
   Xie, Peng
   Hu, Dongping
   Zhang, Jialan
   Zhang, Wengang
TI Hybrid-optimized logistic regression model of landslide susceptibility
   along mountain highway
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslides; Optimal sample-selected; Along highways;
   Landslide susceptibility; Stepwise regression model
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; NEURAL-NETWORKS;
   DECISION TREE; RANDOM FOREST; SAMPLE-SIZE; BASIN; VALIDATION; INVENTORY;
   ABILITY
AB This study aims to explore the influence of the training sample selection method and the presence and absence sample ratio on the study of landslide susceptibility by the logistic stepwise regression (LSR) model. Eight-kilometer range of the main road in Wenchuan County is taken as the research area, and the neighboring Mao County is considered to test the robustness of LSR models. The performance of the models obtained by randomly selecting (RS) 70% of the data as the training sample from the sample set and selecting the data as the training sample by tenfold cross-validation (CV) is compared. At the same time, the difference in model performance when the number of absence samples in the training samples is 1, 5, 7, and 10 times that of the presence samples is also studied. The results show that (1) the CV-LSR model is not only better than the RS-LSR model in terms of model prediction accuracy, but is also more stable and effective in factor selection; (2) when the number of absence samples in the training sample is too large, the model will underestimate the landslide susceptibility, and when the number of presence and absence samples is the same, the prediction effect of the model is the best.
C1 [Zhang, Yalan; Wen, Haijia; Zhang, Jialan; Zhang, Wengang] Chongqing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities, Mt Area, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yalan; Wen, Haijia; Zhang, Jialan; Zhang, Wengang] Chongqing Univ, Natl Joint Engn Res Ctr Geohazards Prevent, Reservoir Areas, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yalan; Wen, Haijia; Zhang, Jialan; Zhang, Wengang] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
   [Xie, Peng] Hainan Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Haikou 570228, Hainan, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Dongping] Chongqing Univ, City Coll Sci & Technol, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
C3 Chongqing University; Chongqing University; Chongqing University; Hainan
   University; Chongqing University
RP Wen, HJ (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities, Mt Area, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.; Wen, HJ (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Natl Joint Engn Res Ctr Geohazards Prevent, Reservoir Areas, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China.; Wen, HJ (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing 400045, Peoples R China.
EM jhw@cqu.edu.cn
TC 34
Z9 39
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD OCT
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 10
BP 7385
EP 7401
DI 10.1007/s10064-021-02415-y
EA AUG 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000686504300001
ER

PT J
AU Ma, SY
   Shao, XY
   Xu, C
AF Ma, Siyuan
   Shao, Xiaoyi
   Xu, Chong
TI Estimating the Quality of the Most Popular Machine Learning Algorithms
   for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu Earthquake
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE 2018 Palu earthquake; coseismic landslides; susceptibility assessment;
   influencing factors; logistic regression (LR) model; random forest (RF)
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC LANDSLIDES; SPATIAL PREDICTION;
   HAZARD; MODELS; CHINA; EVOLUTION; NEWMARK; PACIFIC; GIS
AB The Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake that occurred on 28 September 2018 (UTC 10:02) on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, triggered approximately 15,600 landslides, causing about 4000 fatalities and widespread destruction. The primary objective of this study is to perform landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) associated with this event and assess the performance of the most widely used machine learning algorithms of logistic regression (LR) and random forest (RF). Eight controlling factors were considered, including elevation, hillslope gradient, aspect, relief, distance to rivers, peak ground velocity (PGV), peak ground acceleration (PGA), and lithology. To evaluate model uncertainty, training samples were randomly selected and used to establish the models 20 times, resulting in 20 susceptibility maps for different models. The quality of the landslide susceptibility maps was evaluated using several metrics, including the mean landslide susceptibility index (LSI), modelling uncertainty, and predictive accuracy. The results demonstrate that both models effectively capture the actual distribution of landslides, with areas exhibiting high LSI predominantly concentrated on both sides of the seismogenic fault. The RF model exhibits less sensitivity to changes in training samples, whereas the LR model displays significant variation in LSI with sample changes. Overall, both models demonstrate satisfactory performance; however, the RF model exhibits superior predictive capability compared to the LR model.
C1 [Ma, Siyuan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Siyuan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM masiyuan@ies.ac.cn; xiaoyishao@ninhm.ac.cn; xc11111111@126.com
TC 15
Z9 17
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD OCT
PY 2023
VL 15
IS 19
AR 4733
DI 10.3390/rs15194733
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001082954500001
ER

PT J
AU Liang, SZX
   Chen, D
   Li, DH
   Qi, YC
   Zhao, ZF
AF Liang, Shizhengxiong
   Chen, Dong
   Li, Donghuan
   Qi, Youcun
   Zhao, Zhanfeng
TI Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Geologic Hazards in Shaanxi
   Province
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE geological hazards; spatio-temporal distribution; impact factors;
   Shaanxi province; rainfall threshold
ID RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; DEBRIS FLOWS; LANDSLIDES; INITIATION; SLOPE
AB The spatio-temporal distribution of geological hazards, including collapses, landslides, and debris flows, in Shaanxi province, China was studied based on data from 1951 to 2018. The potential impact factors, including the geomorphologic types, rivers, roads, rainfall, and earthquakes, were analyzed using Random Forests. The results indicated that most hazards occurred in summer (i.e., July-September) and were triggered by rainstorms. The freeze-thaw effect had a considerable contribution to hazards in the north. Spatially, most hazards in the north occurred in valley terraces of the Loess Plateau, while medium-relief terrane (relief ranged from 500 to 1000 m) in the southern Qinling Mountains were hazard-prone areas. The collapses and landslides were mainly affected by human factors in Northern Shaanxi, whereas in Southern Shaanxi geomorphology was the primary factor. Permeability was a dominant factor for debris flows. In addition, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake had a remarkable influence on the spatial distribution of hazards. In contrast, for the situation in the Sichuan province, which was close to the earthquake epicenter, the Wenchuan earthquake triggered many collapse and landslide events in the southwest regions of Shaanxi province only on 12 May 2008. The thresholds for the three hazard types in the north and south regions were almost the same despite their distinctly different geologic characteristics. Through a sensitivity analysis, we found an appropriate dry period of 12 h for the area.
C1 [Liang, Shizhengxiong; Chen, Dong; Li, Donghuan; Qi, Youcun; Zhao, Zhanfeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Liang, Shizhengxiong; Chen, Dong; Li, Donghuan; Qi, Youcun; Zhao, Zhanfeng] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Chen, D (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.; Chen, D (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM liangszx.16s@igsnrr.ac.cn; dchen@igsnrr.ac.cn; lidh@igsnrr.ac.cn;
   youcun.qi@igsnrr.ac.cn; zhaozhanfeng@igsnrr.ac.cn
TC 18
Z9 18
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD NOV
PY 2021
VL 13
IS 21
AR 4259
DI 10.3390/rs13214259
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000726589000001
ER

PT J
AU Hong, HY
   Miao, YM
   Liu, JZ
   Zhu, AX
AF Hong, Haoyuan
   Miao, Yamin
   Liu, Junzhi
   Zhu, A-Xing
TI Exploring the effects of the design and quantity of absence data on the
   performance of random forest-based landslide susceptibility mapping
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Absence data; landslide susceptibility map; Random forest; Sampling
   method
ID ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SUPPORT VECTOR
   MACHINE; HABITAT-SUITABILITY MODELS; HOA BINH PROVINCE;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SPATIAL PREDICTION; DECISION-TREE;
   CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE
AB This study aims to explore the effects of the design and quantity of absence data on the performance of random forest-based landslide susceptibility mapping. First, the Youfang catchment was selected as the study area, since it has undergone landslides in recent years. Second, the Random, Bioclim, Improved Target Space Exteriorization Sampling (ITSES), one class SVM and domain methods were chosen to generate the absence data. Then, the size of absence data was set to 79, 158, 237, 316, 395, 790, 1580, 3160, 4740, 6320, and 7900, and we repeated the experiment 20 times to get reliable results. The random forest method was selected to construct the landslide susceptibility model. In addition, the model's accuracy and the continuous Boyce index were selected to evaluate the performance of the landslide susceptibility mapping under the various designs and different size of absence data. The results showed that the sampling range and size of the absence data demonstrated significant influences on the accuracy of the landslide susceptibility mapping. When the sampling area was reduced, the size of the absence data needed to be increased (1:5) to balance the presence and absence data in the environmental characteristic space. When the sample area was large (in the random method, it is 99%), the best ratio for the presence to absence data was 1:1. When the sample area was small, the best ratio for the presence to absence data was 1:100. Finally, the generated landslide susceptibility map may be useful for the local government and land use planners in the study area.
C1 [Hong, Haoyuan; Miao, Yamin; Liu, Junzhi; Zhu, A-Xing] Nanjing Normal Univ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Hong, Haoyuan; Miao, Yamin; Liu, Junzhi] State Key Lab Cultivat Base Geog Environm Evolut, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Hong, Haoyuan; Miao, Yamin; Liu, Junzhi; Zhu, A-Xing] Jiangsu Ctr Collaborat Innovat Geog Informat Reso, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources, State Key Lab Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, A-Xing] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
C3 Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing Normal University; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research,
   CAS; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
RP Miao, YM; Liu, JZ (corresponding author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Key Lab Virtual Geog Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM miaoyamin@yeah.net; liujunzhi@njnu.edu.cn
TC 170
Z9 187
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD MAY
PY 2019
VL 176
BP 45
EP 64
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2018.12.035
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000462107000004
ER

PT J
AU Xie, P
   Wen, HJ
   Ma, CC
   Baise, LG
   Zhang, JL
AF Xie, Peng
   Wen, Haijia
   Ma, Chaochao
   Baise, Laurie G.
   Zhang, Jialan
TI Application and comparison of logistic regression model and neural
   network model in earthquake-induced landslides susceptibility mapping at
   mountainous region, China
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Mountainous region; earthquake-induced landslides; susceptibility
   mapping; logistic regression model; neural network model
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NIIGATA PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; NEWMARK DISPLACEMENT;
   STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE;
   MINXIAN-ZHANGXIAN; ARIAS INTENSITY; HAZARD
AB The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performances of different earthquake-induced landslides susceptibility mapping models at mountainous regions in China. At first, 160 earthquake-induced landslide points were identified from field investigations. Concurrently, based on the results of a literature review and the field investigation, 12 influencing factors were considered, and the corresponding thematic layers were generated using geographic information system (GIS) technology. Subsequently, 20 groups with a fixed number of cells were collected as a common training dataset for the two different models, based on a random selection from the entire database (including landslide cells and no-landslide cells). The neural network (NN) model and logistic regression (LR) model were developed with R software. Finally, earthquake-induced landslides susceptibility maps of Wenchuan county were produced, very low, low, medium, high and very high susceptibility zones cover. The validation results indicate that the landslide data from field investigations are in good agreement with the evaluation results, and the LR model has a slightly better prediction than the NN model in this case. In general, the NN model and LR models are satisfactory for susceptibility mapping of earthquake-induced landslides at mountainous regions.
C1 [Xie, Peng; Wen, Haijia; Ma, Chaochao] Chongqing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Chongqing, Peoples R China.
   [Xie, Peng; Wen, Haijia; Ma, Chaochao; Zhang, Jialan] Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing, Peoples R China.
   [Wen, Haijia; Baise, Laurie G.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
C3 Chongqing University; Chongqing University; Tufts University
RP Wen, HJ (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab New Technol Construct Cities Mt Area, Chongqing, Peoples R China.; Wen, HJ (corresponding author), Chongqing Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chongqing, Peoples R China.; Wen, HJ (corresponding author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA.
EM 32943982@qq.com
TC 22
Z9 26
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PY 2018
VL 9
IS 1
BP 501
EP 523
DI 10.1080/19475705.2018.1451399
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000430482400001
ER

PT J
AU Lu, H
   Ma, L
   Fu, X
   Liu, C
   Wang, Z
   Tang, M
   Li, NW
AF Lu, Heng
   Ma, Lei
   Fu, Xiao
   Liu, Chao
   Wang, Zhi
   Tang, Min
   Li, Naiwen
TI Landslides Information Extraction Using Object-Oriented Image Analysis
   Paradigm Based on Deep Learning and Transfer Learning
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslides information extraction; unmanned aerial vehicle imagery;
   convolutional neural network; transfer learning; object-oriented image
   analysis
ID CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; RESOLUTION SATELLITE;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; UNMANNED AIRCRAFT;
   RISK-ASSESSMENT; RANDOM FOREST; CLASSIFICATION; INTERFEROMETRY;
   SEGMENTATION
AB How to acquire landslide disaster information quickly and accurately has become the focus and difficulty of disaster prevention and relief by remote sensing. Landslide disasters are generally featured by sudden occurrence, proposing high demand for emergency data acquisition. The low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology is widely applied to acquire landslide disaster data, due to its convenience, high efficiency, and ability to fly at low altitude under cloud. However, the spectrum information of UAV images is generally deficient and manual interpretation is difficult for meeting the need of quick acquisition of emergency data. Based on this, UAV images of high-occurrence areas of landslide disaster in Wenchuan County and Baoxing County in Sichuan Province, China were selected for research in the paper. Firstly, the acquired UAV images were pre-processed to generate orthoimages. Subsequently, multi-resolution segmentation was carried out to obtain image objects, and the barycenter of each object was calculated to generate a landslide sample database (including positive and negative samples) for deep learning. Next, four landslide feature models of deep learning and transfer learning, namely Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Bag of Visual Word (BOVW), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Transfer Learning (TL) were compared, and it was found that the TL model possesses the best feature extraction effect, so a landslide extraction method based on the TL model and object-oriented image analysis (TLOEL) was proposed; finally, the TLOEL method was compared with the object-oriented nearest neighbor classification (NNC) method. The research results show that the accuracy of the TLOEL method is higher than the NNC method, which can not only achieve the edge extraction of large landslides, but also detect and extract middle and small landslides accurately that are scatteredly distributed.
C1 [Lu, Heng; Liu, Chao; Wang, Zhi; Li, Naiwen] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Heng; Liu, Chao; Wang, Zhi; Li, Naiwen] Sichuan Univ, Coll Hydraul & Hydroelect Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Lei] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Ocean Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Lei] Nanjing Univ, State Adm Surveying Mapping & Geoinformat, Key Lab Satellite Mapping Technol & Applicat, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Lei] Tech Univ Munich TUM, Signal Proc Earth Observat, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
   [Fu, Xiao] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Min] China Railway Eryuan Engn Grp Co Ltd, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Nanjing University; Nanjing
   University; Technical University of Munich; Southwest Jiaotong
   University
RP Li, NW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.; Li, NW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Hydraul & Hydroelect Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM luheng@scu.edu.cn; maleinju@nju.edu.cn; fuxiao@my.swjtu.edu.cn;
   liuchao@scu.edu.cn; zhizhsally@163.com; tangmin05@ey.crec.cn;
   linaiwen@scu.edu.cn
TC 69
Z9 77
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD MAR
PY 2020
VL 12
IS 5
AR 752
DI 10.3390/rs12050752
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000531559300007
ER

PT J
AU Marc, O
   Meunier, P
   Hovius, N
AF Marc, Odin
   Meunier, Patrick
   Hovius, Niels
TI Prediction of the area affected by earthquake-induced landsliding based
   on seismological parameters
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MAIN HIMALAYAN THRUST; 2010 HAITI EARTHQUAKE;
   STRONG GROUND MOTION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; RUPTURE PROCESS; 1994
   NORTHRIDGE; COMPLEX RUPTURE; 1988 SAGUENAY; DENALI FAULT
AB We present an analytical, seismologically consistent expression for the surface area of the region within which most landslides triggered by an earthquake are located (landslide distribution area). This expression is based on scaling laws relating seismic moment, source depth, and focal mechanism with ground shaking and fault rupture length and assumes a globally constant threshold of acceleration for onset of systematic mass wasting. The seismological assumptions are identical to those recently used to propose a seismologically consistent expression for the total volume and area of landslides triggered by an earthquake. To test the accuracy of the model we gathered geophysical information and estimates of the landslide distribution area for 83 earthquakes. To reduce uncertainties and inconsistencies in the estimation of the landslide distribution area, we propose an objective definition based on the shortest distance from the seismic wave emission line containing 95% of the total landslide area. Without any empirical calibration the model explains 56% of the variance in our dataset, and predicts 35 to 49 out of 83 cases within a factor of 2, depending on how we account for uncertainties on the seismic source depth. For most cases with comprehensive landslide inventories we show that our prediction compares well with the smallest region around the fault containing 95% of the total landslide area. Aspects ignored by the model that could explain the residuals include local variations of the threshold of acceleration and processes modulating the surface ground shaking, such as the distribution of seismic energy release on the fault plane, the dynamic stress drop, and rupture directivity. Nevertheless, its simplicity and first-order accuracy suggest that the model can yield plausible and useful estimates of the landslide distribution area in near-real time, with earthquake parameters issued by standard detection routines.
C1 [Marc, Odin; Hovius, Niels] German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Meunier, Patrick] Ecole Normale Super, Geol Lab, F-75231 Paris 5, France.
   [Hovius, Niels] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Potsdam, Germany.
   [Marc, Odin] Univ Strasbourg, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7516, 5 Rue Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
C3 Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research
   Center for Geosciences; Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS);
   University of Potsdam; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
   (CNRS); CNRS - National Institute for Earth Sciences & Astronomy (INSU);
   Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de
   Strasbourg
RP Marc, O (corresponding author), German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.; Marc, O (corresponding author), Univ Strasbourg, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7516, 5 Rue Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
EM odin.marc@unistra.fr
TC 57
Z9 58
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PD JUL 11
PY 2017
VL 17
IS 7
BP 1159
EP 1175
DI 10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000405382800004
ER

PT J
AU Papathanassiou, G
   Valkaniotis, S
   Ganas, A
AF Papathanassiou, George
   Valkaniotis, Sotiris
   Ganas, Athanassios
TI Spatial patterns, controlling factors, and characteristics of landslides
   triggered by strike-slip faulting earthquakes: case study of Lefkada
   island, Greece
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslides; Lefkada; Strike-slip; Density; Earthquake; Pattern
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GROUND MOTION; CEPHALONIA TRANSFORM; HELLENIC
   SUBDUCTION; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; MODEL; GIS; CALIFORNIA;
   JANUARY
AB The correlation of coseismic landslides with the seismic and morphological parameters has been investigated in detail by many researchers, mainly after the devastating 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan, China earthquake. One of the goals of such studies is to examine the spatial distribution of the earthquake-induced landslides in order to establish a pattern depending on the type of the seismic fault. This research focusses on the island of Lefkada, Ionian Sea, Greece, that is considered one of the most prone to earthquakes regions in Europe due to its proximity to the Cephalonia Transform fault. Landslide data from the two shallow strike-slip faulting earthquakes that occurred on 2003 and 2015 are statistically analyzed in order to evaluate the landslide magnitude and area of slope failures and their frequency-area size distributions. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of failures was investigated in detail regarding its correlation to topography (slope angle, aspect, local relief, elevation), geology, and the characteristics of fault rupture. We conclude that the landslide pattern is not controlled by a single parameter and that it results from a combination and interaction of seismic, morphological, and geological factors. In particular, the parameters of slope angle, geology, and fault rupture/asperities are the ones that are clearly related to the highest landslide densities.
C1 [Papathanassiou, George] Democritus Univ Thrace, Dept Civil Engn, Xanthi 67100, Greece.
   [Ganas, Athanassios] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Geodynam, Athens 11810, Greece.
C3 Democritus University of Thrace; National Observatory of Athens
RP Papathanassiou, G (corresponding author), Democritus Univ Thrace, Dept Civil Engn, Xanthi 67100, Greece.
EM gpapatha@civil.duth.gr
TC 20
Z9 20
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD MAY
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 5
BP 3747
EP 3765
DI 10.1007/s10064-021-02181-x
EA MAR 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000628092400001
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, HF
   Liu, B
   Ye, F
   Fu, WX
   Tang, WQ
   Qin, YD
   Fang, T
AF Zhou Hong-fu
   Liu Bin
   Ye Fei
   Fu Wen-xi
   Tang Wen-qing
   Qin Ya-dong
   Fang Tian
TI Landslide distribution and sliding mode control along the Anninghe fault
   zone at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Tibetan Plateau; Anninghe fault zone; Landslide distribution; Sliding
   mode control
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SLOPE; SUSCEPTIBILITY
AB Tibetan Plateau is known as the roof of the world. Due to the continuous uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, many active fault zones are present. These active fault zones such as the Anninghe fault zone have a significant influence on the formation of special geomorphology and the distribution of geological hazards at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The Anninghe fault zone is a key part of the Y-shaped fault pattern in the Sichuan-Yunnan block of China. In this paper, high-resolution topographic data, multitemporal remote sensing images, numerical calculations, seismic records, and comprehensive field investigations were employed to study the landslide distribution along the active part of the Anninghe. The influence of active faults on the lithology, rock mass structures and slope stress fields were also studied. The results show that the faults within the Anninghe fault zone have damaged the structure and integrity of the slope rock mass, reduced the mechanical strength of the rock mass and controlled the slope failure modes. The faults have also controlled the stress field, the distribution of the plastic strain zone and the maximum shear strain zone of the slope, thus have promoted the formation and evolution of landslides. We find that the studied landslides are linearly distributed along the Anninghe fault zone, and more than 80% of these landslides are within 2-3 km of the fault rupture zone. Moreover, the Anninghe fault zone provides abundant substance for landslides or debris flows. This paper presents four types of sliding mode control of the Anninghe fault zone, e.g., constituting the whole landslide body, controlling the lateral boundary of the landslide, controlling the crown of the landslide, and constituting the toe of the landslide. The results presented merit close attention as a valuable reference source for local infrastructure planning and engineering projects.
C1 [Zhou Hong-fu; Tang Wen-qing; Qin Ya-dong; Fang Tian] China Geol Survey, Chengdu Ctr, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Liu Bin] Sichuan Geol Survey, Chengdu 610081, Peoples R China.
   [Ye Fei; Fu Wen-xi] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt Rivers Protect, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou Hong-fu; Fang Tian] Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Earth Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey;
   Sichuan University; Shandong University of Science & Technology
RP Zhou, HF (corresponding author), China Geol Survey, Chengdu Ctr, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Zhou, HF (corresponding author), Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Earth Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266590, Peoples R China.
EM zhf800726@163.com; 120601211@qq.com; yefei16scu@163.com;
   wxf_lee@scu.edu.cn; 1012109094@qq.com; qinyadong86@163.com;
   2696837959@qq.com
TC 18
Z9 20
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD AUG
PY 2021
VL 18
IS 8
BP 2094
EP 2107
DI 10.1007/s11629-020-6573-6
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000681747700009
ER

PT J
AU Yi, YN
   Zhang, WC
AF Yi, Yaning
   Zhang, Wanchang
TI A New Deep-Learning-Based Approach for Earthquake-Triggered Landslide
   Detection From Single-Temporal RapidEye Satellite Imagery
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
   SENSING
DT Article
DE Terrain factors; Earthquakes; Remote sensing; Training; Rocks; Earth;
   Adaptive optics; Convolutional neural network (CNN); deep learning;
   landslide detection; LandsNet; RapidEye; remote sensing
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   SICHUAN PROVINCE; EXTRACTION; INVENTORY; LUSHAN; CLASSIFICATION;
   NETWORK; REGION
AB Accurate landslide detection and mapping are essential for land use planning, managementassessment, and geo-disaster risk mitigation as well as post-disaster reconstructions. Till now, visual interpretation and field survey are still the most widely adopted techniques for landslide mapping, which are often criticized labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, deep-learning-based approach for landslide detection and mapping has drawn great attention for its significant advantages over the traditional techniques. However, lack of sufficient training samples has constrained the application of deep-learning-based approach in landslide detection from satellite images for a long time. The present study aimed to examine the feasibility of a new deep-learning-based approach to intelligently detect and map earthquake-triggered landslides from single-temporal RapidEye satellite images. Specifically, the proposed approach consists of three steps. First of all, a standard data preprocessing workflow to automatically generate training samples was designed and some data augmentation strategies were implemented to alleviate the lack of training samples. Then, a cascaded end-to-end deep learning network, namely LandsNet, was constructed to learn various features of landslides. Finally, the identified landslide maps were further optimized with morphological processing. Experiments in two spatially independent earthquake-affected regions showed our proposed approach yielded the best F1 value of about 86.89, which was about 7 and 8 higher than that obtained by ResUNet and DeepUNet, respectively. Comparative studies on the feasibility and robustness of the proposed approach with ResUNet and DeepUNet demonstrated its strong application potentials in the emergency response of natural disasters.
C1 [Yi, Yaning; Zhang, Wanchang] Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
   [Yi, Yaning; Zhang, Wanchang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Aerospace Information Research Institute,
   CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of
   Sciences, CAS
RP Zhang, WC (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Aerosp Informat Res Inst, Key Lab Digital Earth Sci, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China.
EM yiyn@radi.ac.cn; zhangwc@radi.ac.cn
TC 101
Z9 112
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
EI 2151-1535
PY 2020
VL 13
BP 6166
EP 6176
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2020.3028855
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000583501200004
ER

PT J
AU Shafique, M
   van der Meijde, M
   Khan, MA
AF Shafique, Muhammad
   van der Meijde, Mark
   Khan, M. Asif
TI A review of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake-induced landslides; from a
   remote sensing prospective
SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
DT Review
DE Landslide; Remote sensing; 2005 Kashmir earthquake; Topographic
   attributes; Geology
ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; BALA ROCK AVALANCHE; CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE;
   PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; TOPOGRAPHIC AMPLIFICATION;
   GROUND MOTIONS; PACOIMA-CANYON; HIMALAYAS; CALIFORNIA
AB The 8th October 2005 Kashmir earthquake, in northern Pakistan has triggered thousands of landslides, which was the second major factor in the destruction of the build-up environment, after earthquake induced ground shaking. Subsequent to the earthquake, several researchers from home and abroad applied a variety of remote sensing techniques, supported with field observations, to develop inventories of the earthquake-triggered landslides, analyzed their spatial distribution and subsequently developed landslide-susceptibility maps. Earthquake causative fault rupture, geology, anthropogenic activities and remote sensing derived topographic attributes were observed to have major influence on the spatial distribution of landslides. These were subsequently used to develop a landslide susceptibility map, thereby demarcating the areas prone to landsliding. Temporal studies monitoring the earthquake induced landslides shows that the earthquake-induced landslides are stabilized, contrary to earlier belief, directly after the earthquake. The biggest landslide induced dam, as a result of the massive Hattian Bala landslide, is still posing a threat to the surrounding communities. It is observed that remote sensing data is effectively and efficiently used to assess the landslides triggered by the Kashmir earthquake, however, there is still a need of more research to understand the mechanism of intensity and distribution of landslides; and their continuous monitoring using remote sensing data at a regional scale. This paper, provides an overview of remote sensing and GIS applications, for the Kashmir-earthquake triggered landslides, derived outputs and discusses the lessons learnt, advantages, limitations and recommendations for future research. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shafique, Muhammad; Khan, M. Asif] Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Geol, Peshawar, Pakistan.
   [van der Meijde, Mark] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Khan, M. Asif] Karakorum Int Univ, Gilgit, Pakistan.
C3 University of Peshawar; University of Twente
RP Shafique, M (corresponding author), Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Geol, Peshawar, Pakistan.
EM shafique08@yahoo.com
TC 83
Z9 100
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1367-9120
EI 1878-5786
PD MAR 15
PY 2016
VL 118
BP 68
EP 80
DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.01.002
SC Geology
UT WOS:000370087000005
ER

PT J
AU Xie, ZT
   Chen, G
   Meng, XM
   Zhang, Y
   Qiao, L
   Tan, L
AF Xie, Zhengtuan
   Chen, Guan
   Meng, Xingmin
   Zhang, Yi
   Qiao, Liang
   Tan, Long
TI A comparative study of landslide susceptibility mapping using weight of
   evidence, logistic regression and support vector machine and evaluated
   by SBAS-InSAR monitoring: Zhouqu to Wudu segment in Bailong River Basin,
   China
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Weight of evidence; Logistic regression;
   Support vector machine; SBAS-InSAR
ID SPATIAL PREDICTION MODELS; 3 GORGES AREA; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GOLESTAN PROVINCE; LIKELIHOOD RATIO; FREQUENCY
   RATIO; GIS; BIVARIATE; MULTIVARIATE
AB The determining of landslide-prone areas in mountainous terrain is essential for land planning and hazard mitigation. In this paper, a comparative study using three statistical models including weight of evidence model (WoE), logistic regression model (LR) and support vector machine method (SVM) was undertaken in the Zhouqu to Wudu segment in the Bailong River Basin, Southern Gansu, China. Six conditionally independent environmental factors, elevation, slope, aspect, distance from fault, lithology and settlement density, were selected as the explanatory variables that may contribute to landslide occurrence based on principal component analysis (PCA) and Chi-square test. The relation between landslide distributions and these variables was analyzed using the three models and the results then used to calculate the landslide susceptibility (LS). The performance of the models was then evaluated using both the highly accurate deformation signals produced by using the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar technique and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results show more deformation points in areas with high and very high LS levels, and also more stable points in areas with low and very low LS levels for the SVM model. In addition, the SVM has larger area under the ROC curve. It indicates that the SVM has better prediction accuracy and classified ability. For the interpretability, the WoE derives the class of factors that most contributed to landsliding in the study area, and the LR reveals that factors including elevation, settlement density and distance from fault played major roles in landslide occurrence and distribution, whereas the SVM cannot provide relative weights for the variables. The outperformed SVM could be employed to determine potential landslide zones in the study area. Outcome of this research would provide preliminary basis for general land planning such as choosing new urban areas and infrastructure construction in the future, as well as for landslide hazard mitigation in Bailong River Basin.
C1 [Xie, Zhengtuan; Chen, Guan; Meng, Xingmin; Zhang, Yi; Qiao, Liang] Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab West Chinas Environm Syst, Minist Educ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Xie, Zhengtuan; Chen, Guan; Meng, Xingmin; Zhang, Yi; Qiao, Liang] Lanzhou Univ, Gansu Environm Geol & Geohazards Engn Res Ctr, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Tan, Long] Sina Mobile Technol Co Ltd, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University
RP Chen, G (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab West Chinas Environm Syst, Minist Educ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.; Chen, G (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Gansu Environm Geol & Geohazards Engn Res Ctr, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM gchen@lzu.edu.cn
TC 65
Z9 71
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD APR
PY 2017
VL 76
IS 8
AR 313
DI 10.1007/s12665-017-6640-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000400267300009
ER

PT J
AU Peng, M
   Jiang, QL
   Zhang, QZ
   Hong, Y
   Jiang, MZ
   Shi, ZM
   Zhang, LM
AF Peng, Ming
   Jiang, Qiu-Lu
   Zhang, Qing-Zhao
   Hong, Yi
   Jiang, Ming-zi
   Shi, Zhen-Ming
   Zhang, Li-Min
TI Stability analysis of landslide dams under surge action based on
   large-scale flume experiments
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide dam; Landslide lake; Surge waves; Dam breaching test; Dam
   failure
ID BREAK EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; DYNAMIC DECISION-MAKING; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE; WAVE; SIMULATION; TESTS
AB In recent years, large magnitude earthquakes have caused the formation of a large number of landslide dams. The rising water level in the landslide lakes may induce a large number of landslides in the lake areas. When landslides rush into a lake area, large-scale surges may be produced and would then strongly impact on the dam stability and cause a breaching process. To understand the erosion failure modes of dam bodies caused by surges and the variation in the pore water pressure in the dam body, large-scale wave flume tests were carried out in this study. Six groups of comparative tests were carried out to study the two main influencing factors, namely, the upstream water level and the wave height. It was found that (1) when subjected to surge waves, the landslide dam stability is determined by the difference (Delta H) between the effective water level (the sum of the water level and the overlapping wave height) and the effective dam height (the dam height after lowering due to local sliding); (2) when Delta H < 0, overtopping does not occur, and the landslide dam remains stable. A stable upstream erosion surface eventually forms, the surface slope angle decreases and the erosion volume increases as the wave height increases; when Delta H > 0, the dam is overtopped and breached by the next waves; (3) During dam breach by overtopping with surge waves, the erosion in the breach initiation phase is much faster than by overtopping without surge waves, but the difference in the breaching development phase is not very significant; and (4) the pore water pressure close to the upstream slope is much more sensitive to the action of the surge waves than deeper inside the dam body.
C1 [Peng, Ming; Jiang, Qiu-Lu; Zhang, Qing-Zhao; Jiang, Ming-zi; Shi, Zhen-Ming] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, Ming; Jiang, Qiu-Lu; Zhang, Qing-Zhao; Jiang, Ming-zi; Shi, Zhen-Ming] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Hong, Yi] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Key Lab Offshore Geotech & Mat Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Li-Min] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Zhejiang University; Hong Kong
   University of Science & Technology
RP Zhang, QZ (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM zhangqingzhao@tongji.edu.cn
TC 27
Z9 37
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD SEP 4
PY 2019
VL 259
AR 105191
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105191
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000487567400028
ER

PT J
AU Tanyas, H
   Kirschbaum, D
   Lombardo, L
AF Tanyas, Hakan
   Kirschbaum, Dalia
   Lombardo, Luigi
TI Capturing the footprints of ground motion in the spatial distribution of
   rainfall-induced landslides
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslides; Earthquakes; Rainfall; Post-seismic landslide susceptibility
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; REAL-TIME PREDICTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY MODELS;
   EVOLUTION; FAILURE; AREA
AB The coupled effect of earthquakes and rainfall is rarely investigated in landslide susceptibility assessments although it could be crucial to predict landslide occurrences. This is even more critical in the context of early warning systems and especially in cases of extreme precipitation regimes in post-seismic conditions, where the rock masses are already damaged due to the ground shaking. Here, we investigate this concept by accounting for the legacy of seismic ground shaking in rainfall-induced landslide (RFIL) scenarios. We do this to identify whether ground shaking plays a role in the susceptibility to post-seismic rainfall-induced landslides and to identify whether this legacy effect persists through time. With this motivation, we use binary logistic regression and examine time series of landslides associated with four earthquakes occurred in Indonesia: 2012 Sulawesi (M-w = 6.3), 2016 Reuleut (M-w = 6.5), 2017 Kasiguncu (M-w = 6.6) and 2018 Palu (M-w = 7.5) earthquakes. The dataset includes one co-seismic and three post-seismic landslide inventories for each earthquake. We use the peak ground acceleration map of the last strongest earthquake in each case as a predisposing factor of landslides representing the effect of ground shaking. We observe that, at least for the study areas under consideration and in a probabilistic context, the earthquake legacy contributes to increase the post-seismic RFIL susceptibility. This positive contribution decays through time. Specifically, we observe that ground motion is a significant predisposing factor controlling the spatial distribution of RFIL in the post-seismic period 110 days after an earthquake. We also show that this effect dissipates within 3 years at most.
C1 [Tanyas, Hakan; Lombardo, Luigi] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Tanyas, Hakan; Kirschbaum, Dalia] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Tanyas, Hakan] Univ Space Res Assoc, USRA, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.
C3 University of Twente; National Aeronautics & Space Administration
   (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Universities Space Research
   Association (USRA)
RP Tanyas, H (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.; Tanyas, H (corresponding author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Tanyas, H (corresponding author), Univ Space Res Assoc, USRA, Columbia, MD 21046 USA.
EM h.tanyas@utwente.nl
TC 28
Z9 30
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUN
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 6
BP 4323
EP 4345
DI 10.1007/s10064-021-02238-x
EA APR 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000640852100002
ER

PT J
AU Milledge, DG
   Densmore, AL
   Bellugi, D
   Rosser, NJ
   Watt, J
   Li, G
   Oven, KJ
AF Milledge, David G.
   Densmore, Alexander L.
   Bellugi, Dino
   Rosser, Nick J.
   Watt, Jack
   Li, Gen
   Oven, Katie J.
TI Simple rules to minimise exposure to coseismic landslide hazard
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; FREQUENCY RATIO; DEBRIS FLOWS;
   LOMA-PRIETA; CALIFORNIA; GORKHA; JANUARY
AB Landslides constitute a hazard to life and infrastructure and their risk is mitigated primarily by reducing exposure. This requires information on landslide hazard on a scale that can enable informed decisions. Such information is often unavailable to, or not easily interpreted by, those who might need it most (e.g. householders, local governments and non-governmental organisations). To address this shortcoming, we develop simple rules to minimise exposure to coseismic landslide hazard that are understandable, communicable and memorable, and that require no prior knowledge, skills or equipment to apply. We examine rules based on two common metrics of landslide hazard, (1) local slope and (2) upslope contributing area as a proxy for hillslope location relative to rivers or ridge crests. In addition, we introduce and test two new metrics: the maximum angle to the skyline and the hazard area, defined as the upslope area with slope > 40 degrees from which landslide debris can reach a location without passing over a slope of < 10 degrees. We then test the skill with which each metric can identify landslide hazard - defined as the probability of being hit by a landslide - using inventories of landslides triggered by six earthquakes that occurred between 1993 and 2015. We find that the maximum skyline angle and hazard area provide the most skilful predictions, and these results form the basis for two simple rules: "minimise your maximum angle to the skyline" and "avoid steep (> 10 degrees) channels with many steep (> 40 degrees) areas that are upslope". Because local slope alone is also a skilful predictor of landslide hazard, we can formulate a third rule as "minimise the angle of the slope under your feet, especially on steep hillsides, but not at the expense of increasing skyline angle or hazard area". In contrast, the upslope contributing area has a weaker and more complex relationship to hazard than the other predictors. Our simple rules complement but do not replace detailed site-specific investigation: they can be used for initial estimations of landslide hazard or to guide decision-making in the absence of any other information.
C1 [Milledge, David G.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
   [Densmore, Alexander L.; Rosser, Nick J.; Watt, Jack; Oven, Katie J.] Univ Durham, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
   [Densmore, Alexander L.; Rosser, Nick J.; Watt, Jack; Oven, Katie J.] Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
   [Bellugi, Dino] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Li, Gen] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
C3 Newcastle University - UK; Durham University; Durham University;
   University of California System; University of California Berkeley;
   California Institute of Technology
RP Milledge, DG (corresponding author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Engn, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.
EM david.milledge@newcastle.ac.uk
TC 15
Z9 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PD APR 17
PY 2019
VL 19
IS 4
BP 837
EP 856
DI 10.5194/nhess-19-837-2019
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000465111400003
ER

PT J
AU Tanyas, H
   Rossi, M
   Alvioli, M
   van Westen, CJ
   Marchesini, I
AF Tanyas, Hakan
   Rossi, Mauro
   Alvioli, Massimiliano
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Marchesini, Ivan
TI A global slope unit-based method for the near real-time prediction of
   earthquake-induced landslides
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslides; Earthquakes; Rapid response; Slope unit
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; 2005 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; SUSCEPTIBILITY
   ZONATION; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; PATTERN; MODELS;
   DELINEATION; INVENTORIES; HIMALAYAS
AB Rapid assessment of spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslides could provide valuable information in the emergency response phase. Previous studies proposed global analyses with the aim of predicting earthquake-induced landslide distributions in near real-time. However, in all those studies, mapping units are constituted by pixels, which do not reflect homogeneously distributed physical property for a given terrain unit and whose size do not match the resolution of existing thematic data at global scale. Moreover, none of the existing analyses considers sampling balance between different inventories or categorizing the inventories to construct a training set with higher statistical representativeness. We develop an improved global statistical method to address these drawbacks. We use slope units, which are terrain partitions attributed to similar hydrological and geomorphological conditions and to processes that shape natural landscapes. A set of 25 earthquake-induced landslide-events are selected and categorized based on the similarity between causal factors to determine the most relevant training set to make a prediction for a given landslide-event. As a result, we develop a specific model for each category. We sample an equal number of landslide points from each inventory to overcome the dominance of some inventories with large landslide population. We use seven independent thematic variables for both categorizing the inventories and modeling, based on logistic regression. The results show that categorizing landslide-events introduces a remarkable improvement in the modeling performance of many events. The categorization of existing inventories can be applied within any statistical, global approach to earthquake-induced landslide events. The proposed categorization approach and the classification performance can be further improved with the acquisition of new inventory maps. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tanyas, Hakan; van Westen, Cees J.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Rossi, Mauro; Alvioli, Massimiliano; Marchesini, Ivan] CNR, IRPI, Via Madonna Alta 126, I-06128 Perugia, Italy.
C3 University of Twente; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Istituto
   di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI-CNR)
RP Tanyas, H (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
EM h.tanyas@utwente.nl
TC 130
Z9 142
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD FEB 15
PY 2019
VL 327
BP 126
EP 146
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.10.022
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000456491600009
ER

PT J
AU Li, J
   Xiao, L
   Bakker, JD
   Luo, QH
   Yu, H
   Wu, JZ
   Li, SY
   Pedersen, L
   Chen, C
   Hong, T
   Lin, H
   Wang, DJ
   Lin, YM
AF Li, Jian
   Xiao, Lan
   Bakker, Jonathan D.
   Luo, Qinghu
   Yu, Hang
   Wu, Jianzhao
   Li, Songyang
   Pedersen, Loretta
   Chen, Can
   Hong, Tao
   Lin, Han
   Wang, Daojie
   Lin, Yongming
TI Landslide-impacted soils recover faster biologically than chemically or
   physically, though recovery also varies with forest type in subtropical
   China
SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Soil quality assessment; Nanping landslides; Minimum data set; Soil
   quality index; Natural recovery
ID MINIMUM DATA SET; VEGETATION RESTORATION TYPES; QUALITY ASSESSMENT;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; LOESS PLATEAU; INDICATORS;
   MANAGEMENT; INDEX; DEGRADATION
AB Understanding how natural disasters affect soil quality and how it recovers is essential to improve soil man-agement. We studied the effects of the 2010 Nanping landslides (China) on soil quality. We conducted an observational study using three levels of disturbance ('destroyed', 'recovering', and 'undisturbed'). The 'destroyed' areas were sampled immediately after the landslide and the others were sampled 7 years later. To assess the consistency of landslide-induced effects, we sampled these levels of disturbance in three forest types (Cunninghamia lanceolata conifer forest, Phyllostachys heterocycla bamboo forest, and secondary evergreen broadleaf forest). In total, 81 soil samples were collected and analyzed for 26 soil indicators. A minimum data set (MDS) was identified that represented the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soils. Indicators in the MDS were then weighted and summed together to calculate a soil quality index (SQI) for each category and a total SQI. The landslide strongly affected all aspects of soil quality. After seven years of natural recovery, most aspects of soil quality were significantly improved but remained lower than in 'undisturbed' sites. Recovery was faster for biological than physical or chemical properties. Recovery was slower in bamboo forests than in other forest types, suggesting that human interventions could accelerate post-landslide soil recovery in bamboo forest. Our results provide fundamental data for evaluating impacts of natural disasters on soil and rates of natural recovery.
C1 [Li, Jian; Xiao, Lan; Luo, Qinghu; Yu, Hang; Wu, Jianzhao; Li, Songyang; Chen, Can; Hong, Tao; Lin, Han; Lin, Yongming] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Forestry Coll, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Jian; Yu, Hang; Wu, Jianzhao; Li, Songyang; Chen, Can; Hong, Tao; Lin, Han; Lin, Yongming] Key Lab Forest Ecosyst Proc & Management Fujian P, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Jian; Yu, Hang; Wu, Jianzhao; Li, Songyang; Wang, Daojie] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Xiao, Lan] Minist Nat Resources, Inst Oceanog 3, Fujian Prov Key Lab Marine Ecol Conservat & Resto, Xiamen 361000, Peoples R China.
   [Xiao, Lan] Minist Nat Resources, Isl Res Ctr, Fujian Prov Key Lab Isl Conservat & Dev, Pingtan 350400, Peoples R China.
   [Bakker, Jonathan D.; Lin, Yongming] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Pedersen, Loretta] Green Valley Gardens Nursery & Arboretum, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA.
C3 Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; Third
   Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources; Ministry of
   Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; University of
   Washington; University of Washington Seattle
RP Lin, YM (corresponding author), Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, Forestry Coll, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China.
EM monkey1422@163.com
TC 2
Z9 4
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-1987
EI 1879-3444
PD JAN
PY 2023
VL 225
AR 105529
DI 10.1016/j.still.2022.105529
EA SEP 2022
SC Agriculture
UT WOS:000871121200002
ER

PT J
AU Yang, Y
   Yang, JT
   Xu, CD
   Xu, C
   Song, C
AF Yang, Yang
   Yang, Jintao
   Xu, Chengdong
   Xu, Chong
   Song, Chao
TI Local-scale landslide susceptibility mapping using the B-GeoSVC model
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility mapping; Spatial heterogeneity; Regional and
   local information fusion; GeoDetector; SVC; Hierarchical Bayesian method
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; RISK ASSESSMENT; HAZARD; CLASSIFIER; DECISION;
   SICHUAN
AB Local-scale landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) provides detailed information for decision making and planning. Most published landslide susceptibility maps lack reliable information at the local scale due to the spatial heterogeneity being ignored. To enrich the local-scale information of LSM, multiple information fusion methods for the local spatial heterogeneity and regional trends of control factors are needed. However, no information fusion method has been proposed for LSM yet. In this paper, we developed a new integrated statistical method, named B-GeoSVC, under the hierarchical Bayesian framework for LSM. Specifically, this model applied the GeoDetector method to fit the regional trends of control factors and employed spatially varying coefficients (SVC) model to fit the local spatial heterogeneity of each control factor. Then, the regional trends and local spatial heterogeneity information were fused within the hierarchical Bayesian framework. The B-GeoSVC model was verified using data from the Duwen basin of China, which was in the central region affected by the M-S 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008. Under a cross-validation experiment, the prediction accuracy rate of the B-GeoSVC model was 86.09%, and the area under the curve was 0.93, which suggested that the B-GeoSVC model was able to achieve relatively accurate local-scale LSM and provide richer local information than traditional regional scale LSM. More importantly, not only the B-GeoSVC model could be employed as a general solution to fuse both regional and local-scale information for landslide mapping, but also offer new insights into the broader earth science and spatial statistics.
C1 [Yang, Yang; Yang, Jintao; Song, Chao] Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Geosci & Technol, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Jintao; Xu, Chengdong; Song, Chao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Petroleum University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Song, C (corresponding author), Southwest Petr Univ, Sch Geosci & Technol, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM chaosong.gis@gmail.com
TC 55
Z9 66
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD JUL
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 7
BP 1301
EP 1312
DI 10.1007/s10346-019-01174-y
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000471663200004
ER

PT J
AU Marc, O
   Hovius, N
   Meunier, P
   Gorum, T
   Uchida, T
AF Marc, Odin
   Hovius, Niels
   Meunier, Patrick
   Gorum, Tolga
   Uchida, Taro
TI A seismologically consistent expression for the total area and volume of
   earthquake-triggered landsliding
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STRONG-MOTION; RUPTURE PROCESS; 1994
   NORTHRIDGE; NEW-ZEALAND; CHI-CHI; PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE; PREDICTION
   EQUATIONS; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; JOINT INVERSION
AB We present a new, seismologically consistent expression for the total area and volume of populations of earthquake-triggered landslides. This model builds on a set of scaling relationships between key parameters, such as landslide spatial density, seismic ground acceleration, fault length, earthquake source depth, and seismic moment. To assess the model we have assembled and normalized a catalog of landslide inventories for 40 shallow, continental earthquakes. Low landscape steepness causes systematic overprediction of the total area and volume of landslides. When this effect is accounted for, the model predicts the total landslide volume of 63% of 40 cases to within a factor 2 of the volume estimated from observations (R-2 = 0.76). The prediction of total landslide area is also sensitive to the landscape steepness, but less so than the total volume, and it appears to be sensitive to controls on the landslide size-frequency distribution, and possibly the shaking duration. Some outliers are likely associated with exceptionally strong rock mass in the epicentral area, while others may be related to seismic source complexities ignored by the model. However, the close match between prediction and estimate for about two thirds of cases in our database suggests that rock mass strength is similar in many cases and that our simple seismic model is often adequate, despite the variety of lithologies and tectonic settings covered. This makes our expression suitable for integration into landscape evolution models and application to the anticipation or rapid assessment of secondary hazards associated with earthquakes.
C1 [Marc, Odin; Hovius, Niels] German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
   [Marc, Odin; Hovius, Niels] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Potsdam, Germany.
   [Meunier, Patrick] Ecole Normale Super, Geol Lab, Paris 5, France.
   [Gorum, Tolga] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Gorum, Tolga] Istanbul Univ, Dept Geog, Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Uchida, Taro] Res Ctr Disaster Risk Management, Natl Inst Land & Infrastruct Management, 1 Asahi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
C3 Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German Research
   Center for Geosciences; University of Potsdam; University of Twente;
   Istanbul University
RP Marc, O (corresponding author), German Res Ctr Geosci GFZ, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.; Marc, O (corresponding author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Potsdam, Germany.
EM omarc@gfz-potsdam.de
TC 110
Z9 119
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
PD APR
PY 2016
VL 121
IS 4
BP 640
EP 663
DI 10.1002/2015JF003732
SC Geology
UT WOS:000382579600001
ER

PT J
AU Hao, LN
   Rajaneesh, A
   van Westen, C
   Sajinkumar, KS
   Martha, TR
   Jaiswal, P
   McAdoo, BG
AF Hao, Lina
   Rajaneesh, A.
   van Westen, Cees
   Sajinkumar, K. S.
   Martha, Tapas Ranjan
   Jaiswal, Pankaj
   McAdoo, Brian G.
TI Constructing a complete landslide inventory dataset for the 2018 monsoon
   disaster in Kerala, India, for land use change analysis
SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
DT Article; Data Paper
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; WESTERN-GHATS; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; COVER CHANGE;
   FIELD SURVEY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RAINFALL; HAZARD; AREA; EXTREMES
AB Event-based landslide inventories are important for analyzing the relationship between the intensity of the trigger (e.g., rainfall, earthquake) and the density of the landslides in a particular area as a basis for the estimation of the landslide probability and the conversion of susceptibility maps into hazard maps required for risk assessment. They are also crucial for the establishment of local rainfall thresholds that are the basis of early warning systems and for evaluating which land use and land cover changes are related to landslide occurrence. The completeness and accuracy of event-based landslide inventories are crucial aspects to derive reliable results or the above types of analyses. In this study, we generated a relatively complete landslide inventory for the 2018 monsoon landslide event in the state of Kerala, India, based on two inventories that were generated using different methods: one based on an object-based image analysis (OBIA) and the other on field surveys of damaging landslides. We used a collaborative mapping approach based on the visual interpretation of pre- and post-event high-resolution satellite images (HRSIs) available from Google Earth, adjusted the two inventories, and digitized landslides that were missed in the two inventories. The reconstructed landslide inventory database contains 4728 landslides consisting of 2477 landslides mapped by the OBIA method, 973 landslides mapped by field survey, 422 landslides mapped both by OBIA and field methods, and an additional 856 landslides mapped using the visual image (Google Earth) interpretation. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-x6c-y7x2 (van Westen, 2020). Also, the location of the landslides was adjusted, based on the image interpretation, and the initiation points were used to evaluate the land use and land cover changes as a causal factor for the 2018 monsoon landslides. A total of 45% of the landslides that damaged buildings occurred due to cut-slope failures, while 34% of those having an impact on roads were due to road cut-slope failures. The resulting landslide inventory is made available for further studies.
C1 [Hao, Lina] Chengdu Univ Technol, Fac Earth Sci, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Hao, Lina; van Westen, Cees] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Rajaneesh, A.; Sajinkumar, K. S.] Univ Kerala, Dept Geol, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala, India.
   [Sajinkumar, K. S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
   [Martha, Tapas Ranjan] Indian Space Res Org, Natl Remote Sensing Ctr, Hyderabad, India.
   [Jaiswal, Pankaj] Geol Survey India GSI, Ranchi, Bihar, India.
   [McAdoo, Brian G.] Yale NUS Coll, Environm Studies, Singapore, Singapore.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Twente; University of
   Kerala; Michigan Technological University; Department of Space (DoS),
   Government of India; Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO); National
   Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC); Yale NUS College
RP Hao, LN (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Fac Earth Sci, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu, Peoples R China.; Hao, LN; van Westen, C (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM hao_ln@qq.com; c.j.vanwesten@utwente.nl
TC 77
Z9 87
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1866-3508
EI 1866-3516
PD NOV 16
PY 2020
VL 12
IS 4
BP 2899
EP 2918
DI 10.5194/essd-12-2899-2020
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
UT WOS:000592776100001
ER

PT J
AU Xiang, ZL
   Dou, J
   Yunus, AP
   Zhang, LL
   Wang, XK
   Luo, WQ
AF Xiang, Zilin
   Dou, Jie
   Yunus, Ali P.
   Zhang, Lele
   Wang, Xiekang
   Luo, Wanqi
TI Vegetation-landslide nexus and topographic changes post the 2004 Mw 6.6
   Chuetsu earthquake
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Chuetsu earthquake; LiDAR DEM; Landslide behavior; Vegetation recovery;
   Post -seismic landslide evolution
ID NIIGATA PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE; CHI-CHI-EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; SHEAR-STRENGTH; AREA;
   RECOVERY; EROSION; IMPACTS
AB Ground shaking on steep slopes often triggers numerous landslides, which dramatically modify the landscape and have long-term effects on vegetation dynamics. However, we still have a limited understanding of the quantitative topographic evolution and the duration of post-seismic impacts on the landscapes due to the lack of longterm consistent observation, especially in low-elevation mountain regions. To address this issue, we used highresolution pre-and post-earthquake DEMs to investigate topographic changes, as well as multi-period and multiscale remote sensing images to analyze the post-seismic landslides and vegetation recovery in the sites affected by the Mw 6.6 2004 Chuetsu earthquake, Japan. Using a vegetation recovery rate (VRR) time series from 2004 to 2021, we examined the decaying tendency of post-seismic landslide activities and predicted the vegetation recovery rate. Our findings indicate that the Chuetsu earthquake mostly steepens and roughens the terrain in lowelevation areas. The changes to slope aspects are associated with coseismic lateral displacement. The vegetation damage area accounted for 87.98 % of the entire area after the earthquake, and the VRR reaches 85.55 % by June 2021. The number of active landslides decreased to 14.45 % after 15 years. Meanwhile, we predict that vegetation recovery areas will be restored to pre-earthquake levels in 2024, and the landslide activity rate will decrease by less than 1 % in 2026, indicating a stable hillslope devoid of debris flows in the future.
C1 [Xiang, Zilin; Dou, Jie; Zhang, Lele; Luo, Wanqi] China Univ Geosci, Badong Natl Observat & Res Stn Geohazards, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
   [Dou, Jie; Wang, Xiekang] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Yunus, Ali P.] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res Mohali, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ajitgarh 140306, Punjab, India.
C3 China University of Geosciences; Sichuan University; Indian Institute of
   Science Education & Research (IISER) - Mohali
RP Dou, J (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci, Badong Natl Observat & Res Stn Geohazards, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.
EM ZilinXiang@cug.edu.cn; doujie@cug.edu.cn; yunusp@iisermohali.ac.in;
   zhangll96@stu.cdut.edu.cn; wangxiekang@scu.edu.cn; luowq2016@cug.edu.cn
TC 26
Z9 29
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD APR
PY 2023
VL 223
AR 106946
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2023.106946
EA JAN 2023
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000925545600001
ER

PT J
AU Li, ZB
   Shi, WZ
   Myint, SW
   Lu, P
   Wang, QM
AF Li, Zhongbin
   Shi, Wenzhong
   Myint, Soe W.
   Lu, Ping
   Wang, Qunming
TI Semi-automated landslide inventory mapping from bitemporal aerial
   photographs using change detection and level set method
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslide inventory mapping (LIM); Aerial orthophoto; Change detection;
   Change vector analysis (CVA); Level set evolution (LSE)
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; LAND-COVER CHANGES;
   HAZARD ZONATION; LANTAU ISLAND; TIME-SERIES; LIDAR DATA; 3 GORGES;
   IMAGERY; GIS
AB Landslide inventory mapping (LIM) is an increasingly important research topic in remote sensing and natural hazards. Past studies achieve LIM mainly using on-screen interpretation of aerial photos, and little attention has been paid to developing more automated methods. In recent years, the use of multitemporal remote sensing images makes it possible to map landslides semi-automatically. Although numerous methods have been proposed, only a few methods are competent for some specific situations and there is large room for improvement in their degree of automation. For these reasons, a semi-automated approach is proposed for reliable and accurate LIM from bitemporal aerial orthophotos. Specifically, it consists of two principal steps: 1) change detection-based thresholding (CDT) and 2) level set evolution (LSE). CDT is mainly used to generate the initial zero-level curve (ZLC) for LSE, thus automating the proposed method considerably. It includes three substeps: 1) generating difference image (DI) using change vector analysis (CVA), 2) detecting landslide candidates using a thresholding method, and 3) removing errors using morphology operations. Then, landslide boundaries are detected using two types of LSE, i.e., edge-based LSE (ELSE) and region-based LSE (RISE). Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed methods are corroborated by a series of experiments. Given its efficiency and accuracy, it can be applied to rapid responses of natural hazards. This study is the first attempt to apply LSE to LIM from bitemporal remote sensing images. (c) 2016 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Zhongbin; Shi, Wenzhong; Wang, Qunming] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Myint, Soe W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ USA.
   [Lu, Ping] Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Qunming] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England.
C3 Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Arizona State University; Arizona
   State University-Tempe; Tongji University; Lancaster University
RP Li, ZB; Shi, WZ (corresponding author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM lzbtongji@gmail.com; lswzshi@polyu.edu.hk; soe.myint@asu.edu;
   luping@tongji.edu.cn; wqm11111@126.com
TC 115
Z9 135
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA STE 800, 230 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10169 USA
SN 0034-4257
EI 1879-0704
PD MAR 15
PY 2016
VL 175
BP 215
EP 230
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2016.01.003
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000371000000019
ER

PT J
AU Zhuang, JQ
   Peng, JB
   Iqbal, J
   Liu, TM
   Liu, N
   Li, YZ
   Ma, PH
AF Zhuang, Jianqi
   Peng, Jianbing
   Iqbal, Javed
   Liu, Tieming
   Liu, Na
   Li, Yazhe
   Ma, Penghui
TI Identification of landslide spatial distribution and susceptibility
   assessment in relation to topography in the Xi'an Region, Shaanxi
   Province, China
SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE landslide distribution; susceptibility assessment; logistic model; ROC;
   Xi'an
ID EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; DEBRIS FLOWS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; GIS; HAZARD; MODEL;
   AREA
AB Landslides are among the most serious of geohazards in the Xi'an Region, Shaanxi, China, and are responsible for extensive human and property loss. In order to understand the distribution of landslides and assess their associated hazards in this region, we used a combination of frequency analysis, logistic analysis, and Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis, with consideration of the spatial distribution of landslides. Using the GIS approach, the five key factors of surface topography, including slope gradient, topographic wetness index (TWI), height difference, profile curvature and slope aspect, were considered. First, the distribution and frequency of landslides were considered in relation to all of the five factors in each of three sub-regions susceptible to landslides (Qin Mountain, Li Mountain, and Loess Tableland). Secondly, each factor's influence was determined by a logistic regression method, and the relative importance of each of these independent variables was evaluated. Finally, a landslide susceptibility map was generated using GIS tools. Locations that had recorded landslides were used to validate the results of the landslide susceptibility map and the accuracy obtained was above 84%. The validation proved that there is sufficient agreement between the susceptibility map and existing records of landslide occurrences. The logistic regression model produced acceptable results (the areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve were 0.865, 0.841, and 0.924 in the Qin Mountain, Li Mountain and Loess Tableland). We are confident that the results of this study can be useful in preliminary planning for land use, particularly for construction work in high-risk areas.
C1 [Zhuang, Jianqi; Peng, Jianbing; Li, Yazhe; Ma, Penghui] Changan Univ, Sch Geol Engn & Surveying, Key Lab Western China Mineral Resources & Geol En, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
   [Zhuang, Jianqi; Peng, Jianbing; Liu, Tieming; Liu, Na] Changan Univ, Inst Geohazards Mitigat, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
   [Iqbal, Javed] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Iqbal, Javed] COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Earth Sci, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
C3 Chang'an University; Chang'an University; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS; COMSATS University Islamabad
   (CUI)
RP Peng, JB (corresponding author), Changan Univ, Sch Geol Engn & Surveying, Key Lab Western China Mineral Resources & Geol En, Xian 710054, Peoples R China.
EM rockfans09@163.com
TC 21
Z9 24
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 2095-0195
EI 2095-0209
PD SEP
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 3
BP 449
EP 462
DI 10.1007/s11707-014-0474-3
SC Geology
UT WOS:000358333000007
ER

PT J
AU Elkadiri, R
   Sultan, M
   Youssef, AM
   Elbayoumi, T
   Chase, R
   Bulkhi, AB
   Al-Katheeri, MM
AF Elkadiri, Racha
   Sultan, Mohamed
   Youssef, Ahmed M.
   Elbayoumi, Tamer
   Chase, Ronald
   Bulkhi, Ali B.
   Al-Katheeri, Mohamed M.
TI A Remote Sensing-Based Approach for Debris-Flow Susceptibility
   Assessment Using Artificial Neural Networks and Logistic Regression
   Modeling
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
   SENSING
DT Article
DE Artificial neural networks (ANN); data mining; data-scarce field
   regions; debris flows; geographical information system (GIS); logistic
   regression (LR); remote sensing
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; 2008 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; FREQUENCY RATIO; RIVER-BASIN; GIS; PREDICTION; SYSTEM;
   MANAGEMENT; CATCHMENT
AB Efforts to map the distribution of debris flows, to assess the factors controlling their development, and to identify the areas susceptible to their occurrences are often hampered by the paucity of monitoring systems and historical databases in many parts of the world. In this paper, we develop and successfully apply methodologies that rely heavily on readily available remote-sensing datasets over the Jazan province in the Red Sea hills of Saudi Arabia. A fivefold exercise was conducted: 1) a geographical information system (GIS) with a Web interface was generated to host and analyze relevant coregistered remote-sensing data and derived products; 2) an inventory was compiled for debris flows identified from satellite datasets (e.g., GeoEye, Orbview), a subset of which was field verified; 3) spatial analyses were conducted in a GIS environment and 10 predisposing factors were identified; 4) an artificial neural network (ANN) model and a logistic regression (LR) model were constructed, optimized, and validated; and 5) the generated models were used to produce debris-flow susceptibility maps. Findings include: 1) excellent prediction performance for both models (ANN: 96.1%; LR: 96.3%); 2) the high correspondence between model outputs (91.5% of the predictions were common) reinforces the validity of the debris-flow susceptibility results; 3) the variables with the highest predictive power were topographic position index (TPI), slope, distance to drainage line (DTDL), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); and 4) the adopted methodologies are reliable, cost-effective, and could potentially be applied over many of the world's data-scarce mountainous lands, particularly along the Red Sea Hills.
C1 [Elkadiri, Racha; Sultan, Mohamed; Chase, Ronald] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.
   [Youssef, Ahmed M.; Bulkhi, Ali B.; Al-Katheeri, Mohamed M.] Saudi Geol Survey, Jeddah 21514, Saudi Arabia.
   [Elbayoumi, Tamer] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA.
C3 Western Michigan University; Saudi Geological Survey; Oklahoma State
   University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater
RP Elkadiri, R (corresponding author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geosci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.
EM racha.elkadiri@wmich.edu; mohamed.sultan@wmich.edu; Ahmed.AM@sgs.org.sa;
   tamer.m.elbayoumi@okstate.edu; ronald.chase@wmich.edu;
   Bulkhi.ab@sgs.org.sa; Katheri.mm@sgs.org.sa
TC 76
Z9 85
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
EI 2151-1535
PD DEC
PY 2014
VL 7
IS 12
SI SI
BP 4818
EP 4835
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2337273
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000348372000019
ER

PT J
AU Liu, J
   Fu, HY
   Zhang, YB
   Xu, PY
   Hao, RD
   Yu, HH
   He, YY
   Deng, HY
   Zheng, L
AF Liu, Jing
   Fu, Hai-ying
   Zhang, Ying-bin
   Xu, Pei-yi
   Hao, Run-dan
   Yu, Hai-hong
   He, Yun-yong
   Deng, Hong-yan
   Zheng, Lu
TI Effects of the probability of pulse-like ground motions on landslide
   susceptibility assessment in near-fault areas
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Earthquake; Landslides; Pulse-like ground motion; Logistic regression;
   Susceptibility assessment; 1994 Northridge earthquake
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; MULTICRITERIA DECISION;
   NEWMARK DISPLACEMENT; KARAKORAM HIGHWAY; VELOCITY PULSES; HAZARD; MODEL
AB Earthquake-induced strong near-fault ground motion is typically accompanied by large-velocity pulse-like component, which causes serious damage to slopes and buildings. Although not all near-fault ground motions contain a pulse-like component, it is important to consider this factor in regional earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility assessment. In the present study, we considered the probability of the observed pulse-like ground motion at each site (PP) in the region of an earthquake as one of the conditioning factors for landslide susceptibility assessment. A subset of the area affected by the 1994 Mw6.7 Northridge earthquake in California was examined. To explore and verify the effects of PP on landslide susceptibility assessment, seven models were established, consisting of six identical influencing factors (elevation, slope gradient, aspect, distance to drainage, distance to roads, and geology) and one or two factors characterizing the intensity of the earthquake (distance to fault, peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and PP) in logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the model considering PP performed better in susceptibility assessment, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.956. Based on the results of relative importance analysis, the contribution of the PP value to earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility was ranked fourth after the slope gradient, elevation, and lithology. The prediction performance of the model considering the pulse-like effect was better than that reported previously. A logistic regression model that considers the pulse-like effect can be applied in disaster prevention, mitigation, and construction planning in near-fault areas.
C1 [Liu, Jing; Fu, Hai-ying; Zhang, Ying-bin; Xu, Pei-yi; Hao, Run-dan; Yu, Hai-hong; Deng, Hong-yan] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Yu, Hai-hong] CREC Sichuan Ecoc Investment Co Ltd, Chengdu 620562, Peoples R China.
   [He, Yun-yong] Sichuan Highway Planning Survey Design & Res Inst, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zheng, Lu] Fuzhou Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Track & Underground Engn, Fuzhou 350108, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Fuzhou University
RP Zhang, YB (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
EM jingliu@my.swjtu.edu.cn; hyfu@home.swjtu.edu.cn;
   yingbinz719@swjtu.edu.cn; xpy@my.swjtu.edu.cn; h761257405@163.com;
   313497340@qq.com; heyunyong@schdri.com; annedeng@163.com;
   lzzeppelin@hotmail.com
TC 23
Z9 23
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JAN
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 1
BP 31
EP 48
DI 10.1007/s11629-022-7527-y
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000916461500003
ER

PT J
AU Tanyas, H
   van Westen, CJ
   Allstadt, KE
   Jessee, MAN
   Görüm, T
   Jibson, RW
   Godt, JW
   Sato, HP
   Schmitt, RG
   Marc, O
   Hovius, N
AF Tanyas, Hakan
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Allstadt, Kate E.
   Jessee, M. Anna Nowicki
   Gorum, Tolga
   Jibson, Randall W.
   Godt, Jonathan W.
   Sato, Hiroshi P.
   Schmitt, Robert G.
   Marc, Odin
   Hovius, Niels
TI Presentation and Analysis of a Worldwide Database of Earthquake-Induced
   Landslide Inventories
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; INDUCED GROUND
   FAILURES; KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE; RIVER-BASIN; MODEL; MAPS; DISTRIBUTIONS;
   HIMALAYAS; PATTERN
AB Earthquake-induced landslide (EQIL) inventories are essential tools to extend our knowledge of the relationship between earthquakes and the landslides they can trigger. Regrettably, such inventories are difficult to generate and therefore scarce, and the available ones differ in terms of their quality and level of completeness. Moreover, access to existing EQIL inventories is currently difficult because there is no centralized database. To address these issues, we compiled EQIL inventories from around the globe based on an extensive literature study. The database contains information on 363 landslide-triggering earthquakes and includes 66 digital landslide inventories. To make these data openly available, we created a repository to host the digital inventories that we have permission to redistribute through the U.S. Geological Survey ScienceBase platform. It can grow over time as more authors contribute their inventories. We analyze the distribution of EQIL events by time period and location, more specifically breaking down the distribution by continent, country, and mountain region. Additionally, we analyze frequency distributions of EQIL characteristics, such as the approximate area affected by landslides, total number of landslides, maximum distance from fault rupture zone, and distance from epicenter when the fault plane location is unknown. For the available digital EQIL inventories, we examine the underlying characteristics of landslide size, topographic slope, roughness, local relief, distance to streams, peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and Modified Mercalli Intensity. Also, we present an evaluation system to help users assess the suitability of the available inventories for different types of EQIL studies and model development.
C1 [Tanyas, Hakan; van Westen, Cees J.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Allstadt, Kate E.; Jibson, Randall W.; Godt, Jonathan W.; Schmitt, Robert G.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA.
   [Jessee, M. Anna Nowicki] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA.
   [Gorum, Tolga] Istanbul Univ, Dept Geog, Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Sato, Hiroshi P.] Nihon Univ, Dept Geog, Tokyo, Japan.
   [Marc, Odin] Univ Strasbourg, EOST, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
   [Hovius, Niels] Univ Potsdam, Inst Earth & Environm Sci, Potsdam, Germany.
   [Marc, Odin; Hovius, Niels] German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
C3 University of Twente; United States Department of the Interior; United
   States Geological Survey; Indiana University System; Indiana University
   Bloomington; Istanbul University; Nihon University; Universites de
   Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg; University
   of Potsdam; Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Potsdam GFZ German
   Research Center for Geosciences
RP Tanyas, H (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM h.tanyas@utwente.nl
TC 209
Z9 222
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
PD OCT
PY 2017
VL 122
IS 10
BP 1991
EP 2015
DI 10.1002/2017JF004236
SC Geology
UT WOS:000415149000013
ER

PT J
AU Shao, XY
   Ma, SY
   Xu, C
   Zhang, PF
   Wen, BY
   Tian, YY
   Zhou, Q
   Cui, YL
AF Shao, Xiaoyi
   Ma, Siyuan
   Xu, Chong
   Zhang, Pengfei
   Wen, Boyu
   Tian, Yingying
   Zhou, Qing
   Cui, Yulong
TI Planet Image-Based Inventorying and Machine Learning-Based
   Susceptibility Mapping for the Landslides Triggered by the 2018 Mw6.6
   Tomakomai, Japan Earthquake
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE Tomakomai earthquake; co-seismic landslides; landslide susceptibility
   mapping (LSM); LR model; SVM model
ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; 2008 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; 3 GORGES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GIS;
   MODELS; AREA; PREDICTION
AB The 5 September 2018 (UTC time) Mw6.6 earthquake of Tomakomai, Japan has triggered about 10,000 landslides with high density, causing widespread concern. We attempted to establish a detailed inventory of this slope failure and use proper methods to assess landslide susceptibility in the entire affected area. To this end we applied the logistic regression (LR) and the support vector machine (SVM) for this study. Based on high-resolution (3 m) optical satellite images (planet image) before and after the earthquake, we delineated 9295 individual landslides triggered by the earthquake, occupying an area of 30.96 km(2). Ten controlling factors were selected for susceptibility analysis, including elevation, slope angle, aspect, curvature, distances to faults, distances to the epicenter, Peak ground acceleration (PGA), distance to rivers, distances to roads and lithology. Using the LR and SVM, two landslide susceptibility maps were produced for the study area. The results show that in the LR model, the success rate is 84.7% between the landslide susceptibility map and the training dataset, and the prediction rate is 83.9% shown by comparing the test dataset and the landslide susceptibility map. In the SVM model, a success rate of 90.9% exists between the susceptibility map and the test samples, and a prediction rate of 87.1% from comparison of the test dataset and the landslides susceptibility map. In comparison, the performance of the SVM is slightly better than the LR model.
C1 [Shao, Xiaoyi; Ma, Siyuan; Xu, Chong; Zhang, Pengfei; Wen, Boyu; Tian, Yingying; Zhou, Qing] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Wen, Boyu] China Univ Geosci Beijing, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Yulong] Anhui Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil & Architectural Engn, Huainan 232001, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   University of Geosciences; Anhui University of Science & Technology
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM shaoxiaoyi@ies.ac.cn; masiyuan@ies.ac.cn; xuchong@ies.ac.cn;
   zhangpengfei18@mails.ucas.ac.cn; 2102180051@cugb.edu.cn;
   tianyingying@ies.ac.cn; zhouqing@ies.ac.cn; ylcui@aust.edu.cn
TC 72
Z9 83
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD APR 2
PY 2019
VL 11
IS 8
AR 978
DI 10.3390/rs11080978
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000467646800088
ER

PT J
AU Liu, TH
   Zang, MD
   Peng, JB
   Xu, C
AF Liu, Tianhao
   Zang, Mingdong
   Peng, Jianbing
   Xu, Chong
TI Evaluating Coseismic Landslide Susceptibility Following the 2022 Luding
   Earthquake: A Comparative Analysis of Six Displacement Regression Models
   Integrating Epicentral and Seismogenic Fault Distances within the
   Permanent-Displacement Framework
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE 2022 Luding earthquake; coseismic landslide susceptibility; Newmark
   displacement regression model; distance to the seismogenic fault;
   epicentral distance
ID INDUCED SLIDING DISPLACEMENTS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARDS; MOTION
AB Coseismic landslides have the potential to cause catastrophic disasters. Thus, it is of crucial importance to conduct a comprehensive regional assessment of susceptibility to coseismic landslides. This study rigorously interprets 13,759 coseismic landslides triggered by the 2022 Luding earthquake within the seismic zone. Employing the Newmark method, we systematically assess the susceptibility to coseismic landslides through the application of six distinct displacement regression models. The efficacy of these models is validated against the actual landslide inventory using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A hazard map of coseismic landslides is generated based on the displacement regression model with the highest degree of fit. The results show that Moxi Town, Detuo Town, the flanks of the Daduhe River, Wandonghe River, Hailuogou River, and Yanzigou River are high-susceptibility areas for coseismic landslides. This study explores factors influencing model fit, revealing that the inclusion of the epicentral distance and the distance to the seismogenic fault in displacement prediction enhances model performance. Nevertheless, in close proximity to fault zones, the distance to the seismogenic fault exerts a more significant influence on the spatial distribution density of coseismic landslides compared to the epicentral distance. Conversely, in regions situated further from fault zones, the epicentral distance has a greater impact on the spatial distribution density of coseismic landslides compared to the distance to the seismogenic fault. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of coseismic landslide susceptibility and offer valuable insights for future Newmark method-based coseismic landslide displacement calculations.
C1 [Liu, Tianhao; Zang, Mingdong; Peng, Jianbing] China Univ Geosci Beijing, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Zang, Mingdong; Peng, Jianbing] China Univ Geosci Beijing, Inst Geosafety, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences; China University of Geosciences
RP Zang, MD (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci Beijing, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.; Zang, MD (corresponding author), China Univ Geosci Beijing, Inst Geosafety, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM tianhao.liu@email.cugb.edu.cn; mzang@cugb.edu.cn; dicexy_1@126.com;
   chongxu@ninhm.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD JUL
PY 2024
VL 16
IS 14
AR 2675
DI 10.3390/rs16142675
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:001277442200001
ER

PT J
AU Uwizeyimana, D
   Liu, WM
   Huang, Y
   Habumugisha, JM
   Zhou, YL
   Yang, ZW
AF Uwizeyimana, David
   Liu, Weiming
   Huang, Yu
   Habumugisha, Jules Maurice
   Zhou, Yanlian
   Yang, Zewen
TI Spatial distribution characteristics of climate-induced landslides in
   the Eastern Himalayas
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article; Early Access
DE Landslide inventory; Climate variables; Normalized difference vegetation
   index; Cryosphere; Eastern Himalaya
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SICHUAN PROVINCE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; DEBRIS FLOWS;
   RAINFALL; GLACIER; AREAS; TEMPERATURES; REGION; THRESHOLDS
AB Climate warming is constantly causing hydro-meteorological perturbations, especially in high-altitude mountainous regions, which lead to the occurrences of landslides. The impact of climatic variables (i.e., precipitation and temperature) on the distribution of landslides in the eastern regions of the Himalayas is poorly understood. To address this, the current study analyzes the relationship between the spatial distribution of landslide characteristics and climatic variables from 2013 to 2021. Google Earth Engine (GEE) was employed to make landslide inventories using satellite data. The results show that 2163, 6927, and 9601 landslides were heterogeneously distributed across the study area in 2013, 2017, and 2021, respectively. The maximum annual temperature was positively correlated with the distribution of landslides, whereas precipitation was found to have a non-significant impact on the landslide distribution. Spatially, most of the landslides occurred in areas with maximum annual precipitation ranging from 800 to 1600 mm and maximum annual temperature above 15 degrees C. However, in certain regions, earthquake disruptions marginally affected the occurrence of landslides. Landslides were highly distributed in areas with elevations ranging between 3000 and 5000 m above sea level, and many landslides occurred near the lower permafrost limit and close to glaciers. The latter indicates that temperature change-induced freeze-thaw action influences landslides in the region. Temperature changes have shown a positive correlation with the number of landslides within elevations, indicating that temperature affects their spatial distribution. Various climate projections suggest that the region will experience further warming, which will increase the likelihood of landslides in the future. Thus, it is crucial to enhance ground observation capabilities and climate datasets to effectively monitor and mitigate landslide risks.
C1 [Uwizeyimana, David; Liu, Weiming; Huang, Yu; Habumugisha, Jules Maurice; Zhou, Yanlian; Yang, Zewen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Weiming] CAS HEC, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
   [Uwizeyimana, David; Huang, Yu; Habumugisha, Jules Maurice; Zhou, Yanlian; Yang, Zewen] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Liu, WM (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, State Key Lab Mt Hazards & Engn Resilience, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.; Liu, WM (corresponding author), CAS HEC, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
EM liuwm@imde.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 1
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD 2024 OCT 5
PY 2024
DI 10.1007/s11629-024-8869-4
EA OCT 2024
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001329160800008
ER

PT J
AU Qu, YP
   Jin, X
AF Qu, Yongping
   Jin, Xiao
TI Geological hazards susceptibility evaluation based on multi-year
   spatial-temporal evolution of assessment factors in Luding area, Sichuan
   Province, China
SO GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL
DT Article
DE geological hazards; Luding area; monitoring and precaution;
   spatial-temporal evolution; susceptibility evaluation
ID ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; LANDSLIDE
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; NDVI;
   HIMALAYA; MODEL; INDEX
AB More than 50 earthquakes occurred in the Luding region, including a 6.8-magnitude earthquake on September 5, 2022, which induced huge amounts of geological disasters. As the main triggered factors for the geological disasters, the vegetation, precipitation and temperature show regular changes on the time axis. Thus, this paper based on the spatial-temporal evolution of the precipitation, temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), focuses on the susceptibility of the Luding area using the weighted information content method (ICM) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for the post-earthquake regional planning and reconstruction. In the Luding area, it was found that there were 18 debris flow gullies, and 470 geological disasters scattered in the debris flow gullies. The NDVI of the study area has been declining in recent years, with only about 12% of the NDVI increasing from 2015 to 2020. From 2011 to 2015, the annual cumulative precipitation has been dropping overall, while the July average temperature has increasing quadratic functions after decreasing trend. Furthermore, the studied area's geological hazards susceptibility was classified into five categories, with extremely low susceptibility accounting for 5.82%, low susceptibility accounting for 13.61%, moderate susceptibility accounting for 38.54%, high susceptibility accounting for 39.96% and extremely high susceptibility accounting for 2.08%. The geological disasters in moderate, high and extremely high susceptibility accounted for approximately 95.08%, and the covered area of geological disasters in moderate, high and extremely high susceptibility accounted for 88.06%. Through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the model verification found the AUC = 0.743. The geological hazards susceptibility study results show that the approach is useful for the analysis and prevention of geological disasters.
   The regular change elements of climatic and vegetation cover under long time series conditions is selected as susceptibility study factors, based on the principle of qualitative-quantitative ICM, combined with the variation trend of vegetation, rainfall and temperature over extended time series circumstances, to assess geological disasters susceptibility. image
C1 [Qu, Yongping; Jin, Xiao] Sichuan Coll Architectural Technol, Deyang, Peoples R China.
   [Qu, Yongping] Sichuan Coll Architectural Technol, Deyang 618000, Peoples R China.
RP Qu, YP (corresponding author), Sichuan Coll Architectural Technol, Deyang 618000, Peoples R China.
EM qyp1232006@126.com; 781191792@qq.com
TC 7
Z9 7
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0072-1050
EI 1099-1034
PD MAY
PY 2024
VL 59
IS 5
BP 1520
EP 1538
DI 10.1002/gj.4954
EA MAR 2024
SC Geology
UT WOS:001190160200001
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, W
   Zhou, YP
   Liu, RW
   Yin, HQ
   Nie, HW
AF Zhou, Wei
   Zhou, Yaping
   Liu, Renwen
   Yin, Huaqiang
   Nie, Haowen
TI Predictive modeling of river blockage severity from debris flows:
   Integrating statistical and machine learning approaches with insights
   from Sichuan Province, China
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Debris flow; River blockage index; Robust regression; Prediction
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; BLOCKING; PROBABILITY; VALIDATION; WILDFIRE;
   IMPACTS
AB River blockages caused by debris flows pose serious threats to the environment and infrastructure. This study introduces the river blockage index (RBI) as a key measure of river blockage severity. We collected data from 60 debris flow events to build a comprehensive dataset. To enhance model robustness and accuracy, we optimized variable selection using multicollinearity analysis and the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Four statistical models were developed, including multiple linear, logarithmic, power, and exponential regressions. We also constructed models based on machine learning algorithms, including random forests and gradient boosting decision trees, and tested them using 5-fold cross-validation. After confirming that the training dataset met linear statistical assumptions, we built robust regression models. We tested the significance of the regression equations and coefficients using F-tests and t-tests. Hyperparameters of the machine learning algorithms were optimized through Bayesian methods. Model performance was evaluated using metrics such as R2, adjusted R2, mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error (MRE), and root mean square error (RMSE). Results show that the most important factors influencing RBI are catchment area (A) and the discharge ratio between the debris flow and the main river (Q). Among the statistical models, the logarithmic and power models performed best due to their simplicity and efficiency. The random forest model demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy and stability overall. By combining statistical methods with machine learning, we improved prediction accuracy and provided practical guidance for disaster prevention strategies. This approach overcomes the limitations of numerical simulations and experimental studies, offering a more flexible and efficient method for RBI prediction. Future work will extend these findings to other geological settings to further enhance model adaptability and performance.
C1 [Zhou, Wei; Zhou, Yaping; Liu, Renwen; Yin, Huaqiang; Nie, Haowen] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Zhou, W (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM zhouwei2012@cdut.cn
TC 4
Z9 4
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD JAN
PY 2025
VL 248
AR 108576
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2024.108576
EA NOV 2024
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:001366796600001
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Shyu, JBH
   Xu, X
AF Xu, C.
   Shyu, J. B. H.
   Xu, X.
TI Landslides triggered by the 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti,
   Mw=7.0 earthquake: visual interpretation, inventory
   compiling, and spatial distribution statistical analysis
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID NORTHERN CARIBBEAN PLATE; NIIGATA PREFECTURE EARTHQUAKE; 2008 WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; 1989 LOMA-PRIETA; MID-NIIGATA; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; KASHMIR
   EARTHQUAKE; OBLIQUE COLLISION; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; COMPLEX RUPTURE
AB The 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, earthquake (M-w = 7.0) triggered tens of thousands of landslides. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlations of the occurrence of landslides and the thicknesses of their erosion with topographic, geologic, and seismic parameters. A total of 30 828 landslides triggered by the earthquake covered a total area of 15.736 km(2), distributed in an area more than 3000 km(2), and the volume of landslide accumulation materials is estimated to be about 29 700 000m(3). These landslides are of various types, mostly belonging to shallow disrupted landslides and rock falls, but also include coherent deep-seated landslides and rock slides. These landslides were delineated using pre- and post-earthquake high-resolution satellite images. Spatial distribution maps and contour maps of landslide number density, landslide area percentage, and landslide erosion thickness were constructed in order to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of co-seismic landslides. Statistics of size distribution and morphometric parameters of co-seismic landslides were carried out and were compared with other earthquake events in the world. Four proxies of co-seismic landslide abundance, including landslides centroid number density (LCND), landslide top number density (LTND), landslide area percentage (LAP), and landslide erosion thickness (LET) were used to correlate coseismic landslides with various environmental parameters. These parameters include elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, slope curvature, topographic position, distance from drainages, lithology, distance from the epicenter, distance from the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault, distance along the fault, and peak ground acceleration (PGA). A comparison of these impact parameters on co-seismic landslides shows that slope angle is the strongest impact parameter on co-seismic landslide occurrence. Our co-seismic landslide inventory is much more detailed than other inventories in several previous publications. Therefore, we carried out comparisons of inventories of landslides triggered by the Haiti earthquake with other published results and proposed possible reasons for any differences. We suggest that the empirical functions between earthquake magnitude and co-seismic landslides need to be updated on the basis of the abundant and more complete coseismic landslide inventories recently available.
C1 [Xu, C.; Xu, X.] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, C.; Shyu, J. B. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; National
   Taiwan University
RP Shyu, JBH (corresponding author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan.
EM xc11111111@126.com; jbhs@ntu.edu.tw; xuchong@ies.ac.cn
TC 65
Z9 86
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PY 2014
VL 14
IS 7
BP 1789
EP 1818
DI 10.5194/nhess-14-1789-2014
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000340105800011
ER

PT J
AU He, Y
   Yu, JY
   Yuan, R
   Nikitas, N
AF He, Yi
   Yu, Junyan
   Yuan, Ran
   Nikitas, Nikolaos
TI 3D modeling-based area-volume power-law relationships for incipient
   rotational slides
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Area -volume relation; Limit analysis; Rotational sliding; Homogenous
   soil
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LIMIT ANALYSIS; LANDSLIDES; STABILITY; SLOPES;
   FLOW; EVOLUTION; FREQUENCY; GEOMETRY; EROSION
AB The relationship between landslide area and volume has been shown to obey to a power law with a scaling exponent alpha varying from 1.1 to 1.6. This paper presents a three-dimensional upper bound method of limit analysis to evaluate the scaling exponent for the power-law relationship between source area and source volume of incipient rotational failure in soils. Based on an ensemble of data from calculated 20,000 theoretical homogenous slopes, the relations between landslide area and volume are calculated on a statistical basis and two fitting forms are systemically analyzed. Form 1, which gives the area-volume relations directly, shows an excellent agreement with field observations, with the scaling exponent alpha equal to 1.40. Form 2, considering the soil materials, is more suitable for the analysis of landslides affecting artificial homogeneous slopes. Three kinds of failure surface geometries, i.e., deep, intermediate, and face failure are discussed. The parametric study illustrates that the failure surface geometry affects the scaling exponent within a limit range. Further, the proposed method reveals that if the hillslope inclination, internal friction angle, and hillslope relative width are determined, the geometry of the landslide shows self-similar behavior, otherwise, the behavior is self-affine.
C1 [He, Yi; Yuan, Ran] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Key Lab High speed Railway Engn, Minist Educ, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [He, Yi; Yu, Junyan] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu 611756, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yuan, Ran] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Nikitas, Nikolaos] Univ Leeds, Sch Civil Engn, Leeds LS2 8JT, England.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Southwest Jiaotong University; Southwest
   Jiaotong University; University of Leeds
RP Yuan, R (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Key Lab High speed Railway Engn, Minist Educ, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yuanran@swjtu.edu.cn
TC 5
Z9 5
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD NOV 15
PY 2023
VL 441
AR 108885
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108885
EA SEP 2023
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001137865500001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, H
   Song, EX
AF Zhao, Heng
   Song, Er-xiang
TI A method for predicting co-seismic displacements of slopes for landslide
   hazard zonation
SO SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
DT Article
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SIMULATION; WENCHUAN; MODELS; CALIFORNIA;
   VELOCITY
AB Landslide hazard zonation based on co-seismic slope displacements has been applied in many regions. As there are a large number of slopes to be analyzed and it is impossible to obtain actual acceleration time histories for each of these slopes, the co-seismic displacements are often estimated by some simple empirical formulas, which are derived through regression analysis based on a certain set of acceleration time histories and can only be validly applied to regions similar to where the time history data were recorded. In this paper, treating the ground motion as a random process, a formula for calculating the expected value of Newmark displacement with the acceleration amplitude spectrum as input is derived. Since the formula is theoretically equivalent to the double integration procedure in a rigorous Newmark analysis, which has also been verified by careful comparisons of the calculated results, it can be applied for different regions. By combining the formula with ground motion simulations, a new method for estimating co-seismic slope displacements is proposed. The application of the method in the seriously struck area by Wenchuan earthquake shows that it is an effective tool for predicting co-seismic slope displacements as the predicted landslide distribution by using its estimated results agrees reasonably with the actual observations. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhao, Heng; Song, Er-xiang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
C3 Tsinghua University
RP Song, EX (corresponding author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM songex@tsinghua.edu.cn
TC 12
Z9 15
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0267-7261
EI 1879-341X
PD SEP
PY 2012
VL 40
BP 62
EP 77
DI 10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.04.001
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000306035800005
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, Y
   Su, XJ
   Meng, XM
   Li, YX
   Qi, TJ
   Liu, WC
   Meng, XP
AF Zhang, Yi
   Su, Xiaojun
   Meng, Xingmin
   Li, Yuanxi
   Qi, Tianjun
   Liu, Wangcai
   Meng, Xiangpei
TI Insights into the deformation kinematics of Xieliupo landslide, Zhouqu,
   China, through remote sensing and geomorphological observations
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Xieliupo landslide; Fault belt; Deformation kinematics; Remote sensing
ID SLOW-MOVING LANDSLIDES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; D-INSAR; INVENTORY; SICHUAN;
   FAULT; INTERFEROMETRY
AB The Xieliupo landslide is a typical large-scale active landslide in Zhouqu, China, in the Pingding-Huama fault zone that has slid eight times since the beginning of the twentieth century. The landslide has caused catastrophic environmental, economic, and life losses in the area. In this study, combining the geomorphological field surveys, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) mapping, interpretation of optical images, InSAR, and Cosi-Corr (Co-registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation) monitoring analysis, we conducted insights into the deformation kinematics of large Xieliupo landslide. The Xieliupo landslide has the characteristics of graded sub-activity with eight secondary landslides. The secondary landslides I and II in the upper parts are loess slide-flow with a moving pattern of creep-rip-push on the condition of steep gradient and the triggering of intense precipitation. The middle part was divided into two sides by a relatively stable ridge, where the loess rotational landslides III and collapse VI in the northern side are controlled by low-lying terrain in the valley, and the landslides IV and V are moderately active under the influence of steep gradient and compression from the landslides I and II. The secondary landslides VII and VIII in the toe are relatively slightly active with a gentle slope gradient influenced by road construction and Bailong River erosion. Time-series InSAR deformation from 2015 to 2020 revealed a close positive correlation between accelerating displacements and increasing precipitation. The deformation response characteristics of cascade collapse retreat and fluctuating acceleration of the Xieliupo landslide to heavy rainfall were revealed. The seismic activity is one probable factor contributing to the reactivated displacement of Xieliupo landslide. Notably, the intense rainfall on August 13, 2020, triggered the maximum displacement of 5.93 m in a sliding direction of 319 & DEG; (NW) at secondary landslide II. This study significantly provides new insight into the deformation characteristics and kinematics of Xieliupo and reference for catastrophic landslide hazard mitigation. The proposed technique strategy can be used for analyzing similar large complex landslides in other mountainous regions.
C1 [Zhang, Yi; Su, Xiaojun; Meng, Xingmin; Li, Yuanxi; Qi, Tianjun; Liu, Wangcai; Meng, Xiangpei] Lanzhou Univ, Technol & Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazards P, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Xiaojun; Meng, Xingmin] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, MOE Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University
RP Su, XJ (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Technol & Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazards P, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM zhangyigeo@lzu.edu.cn; suxj17@lzu.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 9
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD NOV
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 11
BP 2359
EP 2377
DI 10.1007/s10346-023-02110-x
EA JUL 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001023999200002
ER

PT J
AU Hu, W
   Huang, RQ
   McSaveney, M
   Yao, L
   Xu, Q
   Feng, MS
   Zhang, XH
AF Hu, Wei
   Huang, Runqiu
   McSaveney, Mauri
   Yao, Lu
   Xu, Qiang
   Feng, Mingshi
   Zhang, Xianghui
TI Superheated steam, hot CO2 and dynamic recrystallization from
   frictional heat jointly lubricated a giant landslide: Field and
   experimental evidence
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
DT Article
DE low friction; large landslides; recrystallization; friction test
ID ROCK; EARTHQUAKE; MOUNTAIN; FAULTS; FLUIDIZATION; ROCKSLIDE; AVALANCHE;
   MECHANISM; STRENGTH; WATER
AB We used thermogravimetry to determine that the frictionally heated sliding surface reached similar to 850 degrees C at the base of the 1.16 x 10(9) m(3) Daguangbao landslide, triggered during the 2008 M(s)8.2 Wenchuan earthquake. Optical and electron microscope images reveal evidence of dolomite thermal decomposition, hot fluid penetrating fine cracks and dynamic recrystallization of minerals. A high-speed rotary shear apparatus simulated the rapid sliding and provided data on very low frictional resistance (friction coefficient, mu approximate to 0.05) during shearing above 1 m/s. Electron-probe analysis of samples from the experiments showed lime and magnesia from thermal decomposition of dolomite. Some of the sheared minerals formed a dynamically recrystallized layer similar to 0.1 mm thick, and its viscous resistance would have contributed to the low apparent friction during high-speed sliding. A further explanation, however, was very high pore-fluid pressure from hot supercritical CO2 (and superheated steam at a partial pressure of >10 MPa in the field situation with groundwater). These friction-reducing mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and both were present simultaneously at the landslide base. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hu, Wei; Huang, Runqiu; McSaveney, Mauri; Xu, Qiang] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [McSaveney, Mauri] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
   [Yao, Lu] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, State Key Lab Earthquake Dynam, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Feng, Mingshi] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploita, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Xianghui] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Mat Chem & Chem Engn, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; GNS Science - New Zealand; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; Chengdu University
   of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Huang, RQ (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM 706618681@qq.com
TC 90
Z9 109
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
EI 1385-013X
PD MAR 15
PY 2019
VL 510
BP 85
EP 93
DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.01.005
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000460069800009
ER

PT J
AU Peng, M
   Zhang, LM
AF Peng, M.
   Zhang, L. M.
TI Dynamic decision making for dam-break emergency management - Part 2:
   Application to Tangjiashan landslide dam failure
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID HUMAN RISKS; EROSION
AB Tangjiashan landslide dam, which was triggered by the M-s = 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 in China, threatened 1.2 million people downstream of the dam. All people in Beichuan Town 3.5 km downstream of the dam and 197 thousand people in Mianyang City 85 km downstream of the dam were evacuated 10 days before the breaching of the dam. Making such an important decision under uncertainty was difficult. This paper applied a dynamic decision-making framework for dam-break emergency management (DYDEM) to help rational decision in the emergency management of the Tangjiashan landslide dam. Three stages are identified with different levels of hydrological, geological and social-economic information along the timeline of the landslide dam failure event. The probability of dam failure is taken as a time series. The dam breaching parameters are predicted with a set of empirical models in stage 1 when no soil property information is known, and a physical model in stages 2 and 3 when knowledge of soil properties has been obtained. The flood routing downstream of the dam in these three stages is analyzed to evaluate the population at risk (PAR). The flood consequences, including evacuation costs, flood damage and monetized loss of life, are evaluated as functions of warning time using a human risk analysis model based on Bayesian networks. Finally, dynamic decision analysis is conducted to find the optimal time to evacuate the population at risk with minimum total loss in each of these three stages.
C1 [Peng, M.; Zhang, L. M.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Peng, M.] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Tongji University
RP Zhang, LM (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangl@ust.hk
TC 39
Z9 45
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PY 2013
VL 13
IS 2
BP 439
EP 454
DI 10.5194/nhess-13-439-2013
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000317006600020
ER

PT J
AU Chen, W
   Pourghasemi, HR
   Naghibi, SA
AF Chen, Wei
   Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza
   Naghibi, Seyed Amir
TI Prioritization of landslide conditioning factors and its spatial
   modeling in Shangnan County, China using GIS-based data mining
   algorithms
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility mapping; Multivariate adaptive regression
   spline; Random forest; Geographic information system (GIS); China
ID ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE;
   EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; CATCHMENT NORTHERN CALABRIA; ARTIFICIAL
   NEURAL-NETWORKS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; REMOTE-SENSING DATA;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FREQUENCY RATIO; SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT
AB The main objective of the current study is to apply a random forest (RF) data-driven model and prioritization of landslide conditioning factors according to this method and its comparison to a multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) model for landslide susceptibility mapping in China. For this purpose, at first, landslide locations were identified by earlier reports, aerial photographs, and field surveys and a total of 348 landslides were mapped from various sources in GIS. Then, the landslide inventory was randomly split into a training dataset (70% = 244 landslides) and the remaining (30% = 104 landslides) were used for validation. In this study, 12 landslide conditioning factors were applied to detect the most susceptible areas. These factors were slope aspect, altitude, distance to faults, lithology, normalized difference vegetation index, plan curvature, profile curvature, distance to rivers, distance to roads, slope angle, stream power index, and topographic wetness index. The relationship between each conditioning factor and landslide was finalized using a frequency ration (FR) model. Subsequently, landslide-susceptible areas were mapped using the MARS and RF models. The results revealed that the most important conditioning factors according to the accuracy measure (mean decrease) of the RF model are lithology (23.47%), distance to faults (22.21%), and altitude (19.58%). We also notice that altitude (19.04%), distance to faults (18.83%), and distance to roads (15.29%) have the highest importance according to the Gini measure. Finally, the accuracy of the landslide susceptibility maps produced from the two models was verified using a receiver operating characteristics curve. The results showed that the landslide susceptibility map produced using the MARS model has a higher prediction rate than RF by area under the curve values of 87.51 and 77.32%, respectively. According to the validation results, the map produced by the MARS model exhibits the better accuracy and could be proposed for land-use planning in the study area.
C1 [Chen, Wei] Xian Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Geol & Environm, Xian 710054, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza] Shiraz Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Engn, Coll Agr, Shiraz, Iran.
   [Naghibi, Seyed Amir] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Dept Watershed Management Engn, Coll Nat Resources, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
C3 Xi'an University of Science & Technology; Shiraz University; Tarbiat
   Modares University
RP Pourghasemi, HR (corresponding author), Shiraz Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Engn, Coll Agr, Shiraz, Iran.
EM hamidreza.pourghasemi@yahoo.com
TC 94
Z9 102
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD MAY
PY 2018
VL 77
IS 2
BP 611
EP 629
DI 10.1007/s10064-017-1004-9
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000431300600012
ER

PT J
AU Li, GK
   Moon, S
AF Li, Gen K.
   Moon, Seulgi
TI Topographic stress control on bedrock landslide size
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
DT Article
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SLOPE FAILURE; LANDSCAPE; INSIGHTS; HILLSLOPES;
   EROSION; RELIEF; MODEL; ZONE
AB Stress from tectonics and topography may be the primary control on the size of bedrock landslides, according to a comparison of a stress model with landslide inventories for a mountainous area in eastern Tibet.
   Landslides are a major natural hazard and act as a primary driver of erosion, chemical weathering and organic carbon transfer in mountain ranges. Evaluating the impact of landslides on Earth systems requires knowledge about the controls on their size, which are not well understood. Here we show that topographic stress, resulting from the interaction between tectonic stress and topography, influences bedrock landslide size at landscape scales by modulating the subsurface material strength through fracturing and weathering. Using a three-dimensional topographic stress model, we characterize the spatial pattern of subsurface open-fracture zones in a crystalline-rock terrain of the eastern Tibetan mountains. Then, we compare the predicted open-fracture zones with 982 mapped bedrock landslides. The results show that areas with deeper subsurface open-fracture zones tend to accommodate larger landslides. This is probably due to the influences of topographically induced fractures on the material strength and groundwater flow paths and rates. We conclude that the extent of hillslope failure depends on both distant tectonic forces and local topography, which has implications for hazard mitigation, landscape evolution and the global carbon cycle.
C1 [Li, Gen K.; Moon, Seulgi] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Li, Gen K.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
C3 University of California System; University of California Los Angeles;
   California Institute of Technology
RP Li, GK; Moon, S (corresponding author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; Li, GK (corresponding author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM ligen@caltech.edu; sgmoon@ucla.edu
TC 45
Z9 50
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 1752-0894
EI 1752-0908
PD MAY
PY 2021
VL 14
IS 5
BP 307
EP +
DI 10.1038/s41561-021-00739-8
EA APR 2021
SC Geology
UT WOS:000645504600004
ER

PT J
AU Xu, C
   Xu, XW
   Shen, LL
   Yao, Q
   Tan, XB
   Kang, WJ
   Ma, SY
   Wu, XY
   Cai, JT
   Gao, MX
   Li, K
AF Xu, Chong
   Xu, Xiwei
   Shen, Lingling
   Yao, Qi
   Tan, Xibin
   Kang, Wenjun
   Ma, Siyuan
   Wu, Xiyan
   Cai, Juntao
   Gao, Mingxing
   Li, Kang
TI Optimized volume models of earthquake-triggered landslides
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   SIZE DISTRIBUTION; GIANT LANDSLIDE; MOUNTAIN; EROSION; CHINA
AB In this study, we proposed three optimized models for calculating the total volume of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan, China Mw 7.9 earthquake. First, we calculated the volume of each deposit of 1,415 landslides triggered by the quake based on pre- and post-quake DEMs in 20 m resolution. The samples were used to fit the conventional landslide "volume-area" power law relationship and the 3 optimized models we proposed, respectively. Two data fitting methods, i.e. log-transformed-based linear and original data-based nonlinear least square, were employed to the 4 models. Results show that original data-based nonlinear least square combining with an optimized model considering length, width, height, lithology, slope, peak ground acceleration, and slope aspect shows the best performance. This model was subsequently applied to the database of landslides triggered by the quake except for two largest ones with known volumes. It indicates that the total volume of the 196,007 landslides is about 1.2 x 10(10) m(3) in deposit materials and 1 x 10(10) m(3) in source areas, respectively. The result from the relationship of quake magnitude and entire landslide volume related to individual earthquake is much less than that from this study, which reminds us the necessity to update the power-law relationship.
C1 [Xu, Chong; Xu, Xiwei; Tan, Xibin; Kang, Wenjun; Ma, Siyuan; Wu, Xiyan; Cai, Juntao; Li, Kang] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Lingling] Beijing Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing Meteorol Serv, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China.
   [Yao, Qi] China Earthquake Networks Ctr, Beijing 100045, Peoples R China.
   [Gao, Mingxing] Nanyang Technol Univ, Earth Observ Singapore, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Meteorological Administration; Beijing Meteorological Service, China
   Meteorological Administration; China Earthquake Administration; China
   Earthquake Networks Center, CEA; Nanyang Technological University
RP Xu, C; Xu, XW (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xuchong@ies.ac.cn; xiweixu@vip.sina.com
TC 99
Z9 117
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 2045-2322
PD JUL 12
PY 2016
VL 6
AR 29797
DI 10.1038/srep29797
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:000379392700001
ER

PT J
AU Li, YG
   Chen, GQ
   Wang, B
   Zheng, L
   Zhang, YB
   Tang, C
AF Li, Yange
   Chen, Guangqi
   Wang, Bo
   Zheng, Lu
   Zhang, Yingbin
   Tang, Chuan
TI A new approach of combining aerial photography with satellite imagery
   for landslide detection
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Aerial photography; Satellite imagery; Rapid mapping; Earthquake-induced
   landslides; New landslides
ID BUILDING EXTRACTION; TESSINA LANDSLIDE; FUSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   EVOLUTION; HAZARD
AB Subsequent rainfall after a strong earthquake can easily trigger landslides. Aerial photography is always available after a strong earthquake but not always available in a timely manner after a subsequent rainfall following the earthquake. Sometimes, only panchromatic imagery is available because of its relatively low cost and large cover capacity. To detect multi-temporal landslides induced by earthquake and its post long-term effect, in company of other factors such as subsequent rainfall, traditionally, it needs to carry out image classification multi-times to calculate the variance information. Therefore, the accuracy will be affected by accumulated errors from multi-classification, and the process is very time-consuming. In this paper, a new semi-automatic approach combing aerial photograph with satellite imagery was proposed for rapid mapping of multi-temporal landslides. The approach can enhance the change information of each landslide event in one detection process. In addition, slope units were introduced to separate the detected conjoint landslides. Chenjiaba area, which located in the highest seismic intensity zone of Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan, China, and had a strong rainfall 4 months later, was selected as a case study to demonstrate the usefulness of this methodology. Accuracy assessment was carried out by comparing those extracted ones with a manually prepared landslide inventory map. Correctly detected were 90.1 and 94.2 % for earthquake-induced landslides and new landslides, respectively. Results show that this approach is capable of mapping different temporal landslides efficiently and quickly.
C1 [Li, Yange; Chen, Guangqi; Wang, Bo; Zheng, Lu; Zhang, Yingbin] Kyushu Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
   [Li, Yange] Geodisaster Prevent Lab, Nishi Ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
   [Tang, Chuan] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Kyushu University; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Li, YG (corresponding author), Geodisaster Prevent Lab, Nishi Ku, W 2-1110,744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
EM liyange1984@gmail.com
TC 12
Z9 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD MAR
PY 2013
VL 66
IS 2
BP 649
EP 669
DI 10.1007/s11069-012-0505-x
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000315166100027
ER

PT J
AU Xi, CJ
   Tanyas, H
   Lombardo, L
   He, K
   Hu, XW
   Jibson, RW
AF Xi, Chuanjie
   Tanyas, Hakan
   Lombardo, Luigi
   He, Kun
   Hu, Xiewen
   Jibson, Randall W.
TI Estimating weakening on hillslopes caused by strong earthquakes
SO COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
ID 7.9 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE HAZARD; SEISMIC LANDSLIDES; STRENGTH
   CRITERION; GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; ROCK STRENGTH; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MODELS;
   EVOLUTION; EROSION
AB The weakening of hillslopes during strong earthquakes increases landsliding rates in post-seismic periods. However, very few studies have addressed the amount of coseismic reduction in shear strength of hillslope materials. This makes estimation of post-seismic landslide susceptibility challenging. Here we propose a method to quantify the maximum shear-strength reduction expected on seismically disturbed hillslopes. We focus on a subset of the area affected by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake. We combine physical and data-driven modeling approaches. First, we back-analyze shear-strength reduction at locations where post-seismic landslides occurred. Second, we regress the estimated shear-strength reduction against peak ground acceleration, local relief, and topographic position index to extrapolate the shear-strength reduction over the entire study area. Our results show a maximum of 60%-75% reduction in near-surface shear strength over a peak ground acceleration range of 0.5-0.9 g. Reduction percentages can be generalized using a data-driven model.
   Seismic ground shaking could cause 60%-75% reduction in near-surface shear strength of hillslopes, according to a model that combines physical and data-driven modelling approaches.
C1 [Xi, Chuanjie; He, Kun; Hu, Xiewen] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Xi, Chuanjie; Tanyas, Hakan; Lombardo, Luigi] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Jibson, Randall W.] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; University of Twente; United States
   Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey
RP Tanyas, H (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM h.tanyas@utwente.nl
TC 17
Z9 19
PU SPRINGERNATURE
PI LONDON
PA CAMPUS, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, N1 9XW, ENGLAND
EI 2662-4435
PD FEB 12
PY 2024
VL 5
IS 1
AR 81
DI 10.1038/s43247-024-01256-3
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
UT WOS:001161480600002
ER

PT J
AU Bandara, S
   Ohtsuka, S
AF Bandara, Surangani
   Ohtsuka, Satoru
TI Spatial distribution of landslides induced by the 2004 Mid-Niigata
   prefecture earthquake, Japan
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslides; Topography; Bedding plane; Fault plane;
   Collapse type
ID STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CHUETSU; CHINA
AB On October 23, 2004, an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 6.8 occurred in the Chuetsu area of Niigata prefecture in Japan. This earthquake is known as the 2004 Mid-Niigata prefecture earthquake; the event was followed by severe aftershocks and caused many types of landslides such as surficial slides, shallow slides, and deep slides. A large number of landslides occurred in the upland village of Yamakoshi, destroying the entire village; in addition, a huge number of houses collapsed in Kawaguchi town. This study investigates the correlations between each type of landslide and the bedding plane orientation and dip, and other geomorphologic conditions. The landslide occurrence ratio (LOR) is used as an index to determine the correlation between the 2004 Mid-Niigata prefecture earthquake-induced landslides and the slope angle, slope aspect, rock type, and bedding plane orientation and dip. This work also proposes a methodology to determine the geometric alignment between the topography and the orientation of geological bedding planes. The method provides an efficient means of estimating the topography/bedding plane relationship over large areas.
C1 [Bandara, Surangani; Ohtsuka, Satoru] Nagaoka Univ Technol, Civil & Environm Engn, Nagaoka, Niigata 9402137, Japan.
C3 Nagaoka University of Technology
RP Bandara, S (corresponding author), Nagaoka Univ Technol, Civil & Environm Engn, Nagaoka, Niigata 9402137, Japan.
EM surangisns@gmail.com
TC 7
Z9 8
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2017
VL 14
IS 6
BP 1877
EP 1886
DI 10.1007/s10346-017-0819-6
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000416361600002
ER

PT J
AU Ding, MT
   Hu, KH
AF Ding, Mingtao
   Hu, Kaiheng
TI Susceptibility mapping of landslides in Beichuan County using cluster
   and MLC methods
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Susceptibility mapping; Landslide; Clustering analysis; Beichuan County
ID GIS; EARTHQUAKE; INFORMATION; REGION; TURKEY
AB Cluster analysis and maximum likelihood classification (MLC) are exploited to map the post-earthquake landslide susceptibility in Beichuan County that was affected by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The methodology is applicable even if there is short of training data. Six effective factors are chosen for mapping the susceptibility, including land use, seismic intensity, average annual rainfall, relative relief, slop gradient and lithology. Four clusters are grouped from sampling grid cells by k-means clustering approach. MLC classifies all the cells in the study area into the four clusters according to their statistical characteristics. Four susceptibility classes (extreme low, low, moderate and high) are assigned to these clusters applying expert experience and hazard density. The final map gives a reasonable assessment of post-earthquake landslide susceptibility in Beichuan County. Comparing with the pre-earthquake susceptibility map made in Beichuan County geological disaster survey project, the result t using cluster and MLC classification has a better agreement with the dot density value of post-earthquake landslides in Beichuan County. The susceptibility map can be used to identify safety spots within the high danger area, which are suitable for habitations and facilities. It is also found that more landslides are densely concentrated at the boundary between high and moderate regions, and between high and extreme low regions.
C1 [Ding, Mingtao] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm & Resources, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
   [Ding, Mingtao; Hu, Kaiheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Kaiheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University of Science & Technology - China; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS
RP Hu, KH (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM mingtaoding@163.com; khhu@imde.ac.cn
TC 20
Z9 22
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD JAN
PY 2014
VL 70
IS 1
BP 755
EP 766
DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0854-0
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000331391800038
ER

PT J
AU Fieman, DM
   Howarth, J
   Norton, K
   Duvall, A
   Lukens, CE
   Jones, K
   Wilcken, K
   Williams, S
   Stone, J
AF Fieman, Dina M.
   Howarth, Jamie
   Norton, Kevin
   Duvall, Allison
   Lukens, Claire E.
   Jones, Katie
   Wilcken, Klaus
   Williams, Seth
   Stone, John
TI Tracking landslide sediment: 10Be dilution of detrital quartz
   in multiple grain sizes following the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura
   earthquake, New Zealand
SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
DT Article
DE Be-10; co-seismic landslides; cosmogenic radionuclides; fluvial sediment
   tracer; Kaikoura
ID MARLBOROUGH FAULT SYSTEM; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DENUDATION RATES;
   LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDE; EROSION; HILLSLOPE;
   VARIABILITY; EVACUATION; CATCHMENT
AB Cosmogenic radionuclides (CRNs) have been proposed as a tool for tracking landslide sediment, yet interpreting the in-situ Be-10 signal through time with respect to the post-seismic sediment cascade has proved challenging in the few examples where it has been applied. To determine how useful the Be-10 concentration is in providing insights into the fluvial response of co-seismic sediment delivery, we measured the Be-10 concentration in multiple grain sizes in two catchments in New Zealand affected by the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake. A 6-year post earthquake time series of Be-10 measurements was compared to a sediment budget produced by differencing lidar surveys over the same study period. Results showed that the Be-10 concentrations in the sand fraction are controlled by the post-seismic hillslope delivery, whereas the Be-10 concentrations in the coarser grains respond to the total volume of landslide material in the active channel. Faster Be-10 dilution and recovery of the sand fraction indicates that the transport rate of the sediment pulse is highly dependent on grain size. The residence of the fine-grained sediment is estimated to be within a decade of the earthquake, although it may take several centuries to evacuate the entirety of the landslide pulse. We observe different magnitudes of Be-10 dilution between two study catchments, which is attributable to a difference in connected landslide volume from hillslopes. We also demonstrate that the dilution factor has little relationship to conventional landslide metrics on a global scale. Our analysis suggests that the magnitude of dilution is controlled through a complex relationship between the connected landslide volume, the degree of sediment mixing and the delivery and evacuation time of landslide sediment. Additionally, if coarse sediment is primarily sourced through mass-wasting events, measuring just the sand Be-10 concentration will bias the catchment-averaged erosion rate.
C1 [Fieman, Dina M.; Howarth, Jamie; Norton, Kevin] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand.
   [Duvall, Allison; Williams, Seth; Stone, John] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA USA.
   [Lukens, Claire E.] Univ Calif Merced, Dept Life & Environm Sci, Merced, CA USA.
   [Lukens, Claire E.] Univ Calif Merced, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA USA.
   [Jones, Katie] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
   [Wilcken, Klaus] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Sydney, Australia.
   [Fieman, Dina M.] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Reno, NV USA.
C3 Victoria University Wellington; University of Washington; University of
   Washington Seattle; University of California System; University of
   California Merced; University of California System; University of
   California Merced; GNS Science - New Zealand; Australian Nuclear Science
   & Technology Organisation; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE);
   Desert Research Institute NSHE
RP Fieman, DM (corresponding author), Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Geog Environm & Earth Sci, Wellington, New Zealand.
EM dina.fieman@dri.edu
TC 0
Z9 0
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
EI 1096-9837
PD JUN 30
PY 2025
VL 50
IS 8
AR e70050
DI 10.1002/esp.70050
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001550396200001
ER

PT J
AU Fan, X
   Tang, CX
   van Westen, CJ
   Alkema, D
AF Fan, X.
   Tang, C. X.
   van Westen, C. J.
   Alkema, D.
TI Simulating dam-breach flood scenarios of the Tangjiashan landslide dam
   induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID OUTBURST FLOODS; FAILURE; LAKE; EMERGENCY; DISCHARGE; EROSION; SLIDE
AB Floods from failures of landslide dams can pose a hazard to people and property downstream, which have to be rapidly assessed and mitigated in order to reduce the potential risk. The Tangjiashan landslide dam induced by the M-w = 7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake had impounded the largest lake in the earthquake affected area with an estimated volume of 3x10(8) m(3), and the potential catastrophic dam breach posed a serious threat to more than 2.5 million people in downstream towns and Mianyang city, located 85 km downstream. Chinese authorities had to evacuate parts of the city until the Tangjiashan landslide dam was artificially breached by a spillway, and the lake was drained. We propose an integrated approach to simulate the dam-breach floods for a number of possible scenarios, to evaluate the severity of the threat to Mianyang city. Firstly, the physically-based BREACH model was applied to predict the flood hydrographs at the dam location, which were calibrated with observational data of the flood resulting from the artificial breaching. The output hydrographs from this model were inputted into the 1-D-2-D SOBEK hydrodynamic model to simulate the spatial variations in flood parameters. The simulated flood hydrograph, peak discharge and peak arrival time at the downstream towns fit the observations. Thus this approach is capable of providing reliable predictions for the decision makers to determine the mitigation plans. The sensitivity analysis of the BREACH model input parameters reveals that the average grain size, the unit weight and porosity of the dam materials are the most sensitive parameters. The variability of the dam material properties causes a large uncertainty in the estimation of the peak flood discharge and peak arrival time, but has little influence on the flood inundation area and flood depth downstream. The effect of cascading breaches of smaller dams downstream of the Tangjiashan dam was insignificant, due to their rather small volumes, which were only 2% of the volume of the Tangjiashan lake. The construction of the spillway was proven to have played a crucial role in reducing the dam-breach flood, because all the other natural breach scenarios would have caused the flooding of the downstream towns and parts of Mianyang city. However, in retrospect improvements on the spillway design and the evacuation planning would have been possible. The dam-break flood risk will be better controlled by reducing the spillway channel gradient and the porosity of the coating of the channel bottom. The experience and lessons we learned from the Tangjiashan case will contribute to improving the hazard mitigation and risk management planning of similar events in future.
C1 [Fan, X.] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Fan, X.; Tang, C. X.; van Westen, C. J.; Alkema, D.] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University of Twente
RP Fan, X (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazards Prevent & Geoenvironm Pr, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM fan21676@itc.nl
TC 74
Z9 81
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 10
BP 3031
EP 3044
DI 10.5194/nhess-12-3031-2012
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000310476400003
ER

PT J
AU Ma, SY
   Shao, XY
   Xu, C
   Niu, PF
AF Ma, Siyuan
   Shao, Xiaoyi
   Xu, Chong
   Niu, Pengfei
TI Geometry and mobility characteristics of landslides triggered by the
   2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake in Indonesia
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Palu strike-slip earthquake; Coseismic landslides; Geometrical
   characteristics; Mobility feature; Landslide shape; Influencing factors
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCK AVALANCHES; TRAVEL DISTANCE; EMPIRICAL
   PREDICTION; FLOW; EVOLUTION; PACIFIC; JANUARY; CHINA; MODEL
AB Morphological and geometric features are significant in landslide mobility characterization, landslide volume estimation, and the analysis of relevant movement mechanisms and hazard assessment. To better understand the geometric and kinematic characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2018 Palu earthquake, we analyzed the shape, geometry, and mobility characteristics of approximately 15,600 coseismic landslides with areas greater than 100 m2, based on the 8-m resolution Digital Elevation Model Nasional (DEMNAS) data. We assessed the correlation between landslides and geomorphologic parameters and ground motion. The results indicate that the length (L) and height (H) of the landslides logarithmically increase with the increase of landslide area. The length-to-height ratio (H/L) roughly shows a decline trend with the increase of landslide area, indicating a negative correlation between landslide mobility and landslide area. More than 98.6% of the landslides exhibit an ellipticity index (eL\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${e}_{L}$$\end{document}) greater than 0.5, indicating that most of the landslides triggered by the Palu earthquake are elliptical in shape. In addition, the majority of the landslides are longitudinal landslides, followed by elongated landslides. Overall, ground motion is not the main factor affecting the H/L value compared to topographical factors. Particularly, the gradient information is the primary factor controlling the H/L of landslide. Landslides that occurred in sedimentary rocks exhibit higher mobility compared to those in plutonic and metamorphic rocks. Finally, we quantitatively compared the geometric features and mobility of the Palu earthquake-induced landslides with those triggered by other major seismic events. The results show that compared to events such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake, 2013 Minxian earthquake, and two earthquakes in Lefkada, the Palu earthquake-induced landslides have a longer travel distance under the same height condition. This difference can be attributed to the specific seismic characteristics of the Palu region.
C1 [Ma, Siyuan; Niu, Pengfei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Siyuan; Niu, Pengfei] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Seism & Volcan Hazards, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
EM xc11111111@126.com
TC 0
Z9 0
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2025
VL 22
IS 12
BP 3973
EP 3988
DI 10.1007/s10346-025-02601-z
EA AUG 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001547700400001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, JQ
   van Westen, CJ
   Tanyas, H
   Mavrouli, O
   Ge, YG
   Bajrachary, S
   Gurung, DR
   Dhital, MR
   Khanal, NR
AF Zhang, Jianqiang
   van Westen, Cees J.
   Tanyas, Hakan
   Mavrouli, Olga
   Ge, Yonggang
   Bajrachary, Samjwal
   Gurung, Deo Raj
   Dhital, Megh Raj
   Khanal, Narendral Raj
TI How size and trigger matter: analyzing rainfall- and
   earthquake-triggered landslide inventories and their causal relation in
   the Koshi River basin, central Himalaya
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; MOUNTAIN BELT; EROSION;
   SEDIMENT; TOPOGRAPHY; PREDICTION; EVOLUTION; DATABASE; VOLUMES
AB Inventories of landslides caused by different triggering mechanisms, such as earthquakes, extreme rainfall events or anthropogenic activities, may show different characteristics in terms of distribution, contributing factors and frequency-area relationships. The aim of this research is to study such differences in landslide inventories and the effect they have on landslide susceptibility assessment. The study area is the watershed of the transboundary Koshi River in the central Himalaya, shared by China, Nepal and India. Detailed landslide inventories were generated based on visual interpretation of remote-sensing images and field investigation for different time periods and triggering mechanisms. Maps and images from the period 1992 to 2015 were used to map 5858 rainfall-triggered landslides, and after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, an additional 14 127 coseismic landslides were mapped. A set of topographic, geological and land cover factors were employed to analyze their correlation with different types and sizes of landslides. The frequency-area distributions of rainfall-and earthquake-triggered landslides (ETLs) have a similar cutoff value and power-law exponent, although the ETLs might have a larger frequency of a smaller one. In addition, topographic factors varied considerably for the two triggering events, with both altitude and slope angle showing significantly different patterns for rainfall-triggered and earthquake-triggered landslides. Landslides were classified into two size groups, in combination with the main triggering mechanism (rainfall-or earthquake-triggered). Susceptibility maps for different combinations of landslide size and triggering mechanism were generated using logistic regression analysis. The different triggers and sizes of landslide data were used to validate the models. The results showed that susceptible areas for small- and large-size rainfall-and earthquake-triggered landslides differed substantially.
C1 [Zhang, Jianqiang; Ge, Yonggang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Jianqiang; van Westen, Cees J.; Tanyas, Hakan; Mavrouli, Olga] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Bajrachary, Samjwal; Gurung, Deo Raj] Int Ctr Integrated Mt Dev ICIMOD, Lalitpur, Nepal.
   [Dhital, Megh Raj] Dept Geol, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal.
   [Khanal, Narendral Raj] Tribhuvan Univ, Cent Dept Geog, Kathmandu, Nepal.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; University of Twente; Tribhuvan University
RP Zhang, JQ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Zhang, JQ (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM zhangjq@imde.ac.cn
TC 35
Z9 41
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
EI 1684-9981
PD AUG 15
PY 2019
VL 19
IS 8
BP 1789
EP 1805
DI 10.5194/nhess-19-1789-2019
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000481730900002
ER

PT J
AU Li, S
   Ni, ZY
   Zhao, YB
   Hu, W
   Long, ZR
   Ma, HY
   Zhou, GL
   Luo, YH
   Geng, CT
AF Li, Shuai
   Ni, Zhongyun
   Zhao, Yinbing
   Hu, Wei
   Long, Zhenrui
   Ma, Haiyu
   Zhou, Guoli
   Luo, Yuhao
   Geng, Chuntao
TI Susceptibility Analysis of Geohazards in the Longmen Mountain Region
   after the Wenchuan Earthquake
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
DT Article
DE geohazard susceptibility; superposition effect; random forest model;
   Longmenshan fault zone
ID MAPPING LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; MACHINE-LEARNING TECHNIQUES;
   ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; DATA MINING TECHNIQUES; DEBRIS FLOWS;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; RANDOM FOREST; FREQUENCY RATIO; RISK-ASSESSMENT;
   TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES
AB Multitemporal geohazard susceptibility analysis can not only provide reliable results but can also help identify the differences in the mechanisms of different elements under different temporal and spatial backgrounds, so as to better accurately prevent and control geohazards. Here, we studied the 12 counties (cities) that were severely affected by the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008. Our study was divided into four time periods: 2008, 2009-2012, 2013, and 2014-2017. Common geohazards in the study area, such as landslides, collapses and debris flows, were taken into account. We constructed a geohazard susceptibility index evaluation system that included topography, geology, land cover, meteorology, hydrology, and human activities. Then we used a random forest model to study the changes in geohazard susceptibility during the Wenchuan earthquake, the following ten years, and its driving mechanisms. We had four main findings. (1) The susceptibility of geohazards from 2008 to 2017 gradually increased and their spatial distribution was significantly correlated with the main faults and rivers. (2) The Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault, the western section of the Jiangyou-Dujiangyan Fault, and the Minjiang and Fujiang rivers were highly susceptible to geohazards, and changes in geohazard susceptibility mainly occurred along the Pingwu-Qingchuan Fault, the eastern section of the Jiangyou-Dujiangyan Fault, and the riparian areas of the Mianyuan River, Zagunao River, Tongkou River, Baicao River, and other secondary rivers. (3) The relative contribution of topographic factors to geohazards in the four different periods was stable, geological factors slowly decreased, and meteorological and hydrological factors increased. In addition, the impact of land cover in 2008 was more significant than during other periods, and the impact of human activities had an upward trend from 2008 to 2017. (4) Elevation and slope had significant topographical effects, coupled with the geological environmental effects of engineering rock groups and faults, and river-derived effects, which resulted in a spatial aggregation of geohazard susceptibility. We attributed the dynamic changes in the areas that were highly susceptible to geohazards around the faults and rivers to the changes in the intensity of earthquakes and precipitation in different periods.
C1 [Li, Shuai; Zhao, Yinbing; Hu, Wei; Zhou, Guoli; Luo, Yuhao; Geng, Chuntao] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Tourism & Urban Rural Planning, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Ni, Zhongyun] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Earth Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Ni, Zhongyun; Zhao, Yinbing] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Geog Archaeol & Irish Studies, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland.
   [Zhao, Yinbing] Chengdu Univ Technol, Human Geog Res Ctr Qinghai Tibet Plateau & Its Ea, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Long, Zhenrui] Sichuan Res Inst Ecol Restorat Land Space & Geoha, Sichuan Prov Dept Nat Resources, Chengdu 610063, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Haiyu] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Informat, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Chengdu University of Technology; Shanghai Ocean University
RP Ni, ZY (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Earth Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Ni, ZY (corresponding author), Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Geog Archaeol & Irish Studies, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland.
EM shuailee.cn@gmail.com; nizhongyun2012@mail.cdut.edu.cn;
   zhaoyinbing06@cdut.cn; 2019020722@stu.cdut.edu.cn; longzrei@gmail.com;
   mahaiyu.cn@outlook.com; zhouguoli@stu.cdut.edu.cn;
   luoyuhao0723@gmail.com; gct199610@gmail.com
TC 12
Z9 12
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1660-4601
PD MAR
PY 2022
VL 19
IS 6
AR 3229
DI 10.3390/ijerph19063229
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
UT WOS:000775336200001
ER

PT J
AU Kang, D
   Li, YL
   Ma, L
   Zou, SZ
AF Kang, Di
   Li, Yaling
   Ma, Long
   Zou, Shuzhen
TI Landslide scales affect soil organic carbon accumulation by influencing
   microbial decomposition of plant-derived carbon after earthquakes
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
DT Article
DE Microorganisms; Functional genes; Carbon decomposition; Landscape
   degradation; Lignin; Hemicellulose
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HYDROLYSATE; BACTERIAL
AB Geological movements can affect carbon distribution patterns and turnover mechanisms in terrestrial ecosystems by altering surface landscape patterns. However, little is known about how changes in surface landscape features after geological hazards affect the microecological mechanisms of soil carbon. In this study, eight landslides with similar standing conditions and formation times but different scales were selected in the geologically active zone of Southwest China. A macro genome sequencing approach was used to study the microbial changes in the soil carbon functions of landslides after earthquakes. The results indicated that the scale of landslide scale was a significant factor affecting soil carbon stocks after earthquake. Among the landslide scale factors, landslide width had a greater effect on soil carbon storage than length or area. Landslide width corresponded with increased microbial decomposition of plant (lignin, hemicellulose) and fungal (chitin) carbon sources, but both chitinous soil content and its decomposition function gene abundance were low and had a small effect on the total carbon pool. The major bacterial phyla (Actinobacteria, Candidatus Rokubacteria, and Acidobacteria) mineralize carbon sources from plant and fungal biomass fractions through their selective adaptation mechanisms based on the landslide scale. Starch and polysaccharide related metabolic pathways differed significantly between landslides at different scales. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of microbes in surface carbon dynamics driven by geological movements. It is also noted that the scale of landscape degradation following geological disturbance is a key indicator that soil carbon and that microbes influence postdisaster soil carbon recovery and accumulation by regulating their selection and utilization of plant-derived carbon. The findings of this study help to estimate the turnover and distribution of terrestrial ecosystem carbon driven by geological movements at a larger scale.
C1 [Kang, Di; Li, Yaling; Ma, Long; Zou, Shuzhen] China West Normal Univ, Key Lab Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conserv, Minist Educ, Nanchong 637002, Peoples R China.
C3 China West Normal University
RP Kang, D (corresponding author), China West Normal Univ, Key Lab Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conserv, Minist Educ, Nanchong 637002, Peoples R China.
EM kangyuyao@foxmail.com
TC 8
Z9 10
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1470-160X
EI 1872-7034
PD NOV
PY 2023
VL 155
AR 110949
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110949
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001144487600001
ER

PT J
AU Qi, TJ
   Zhao, Y
   Meng, XM
   Shi, W
   Qing, F
   Chen, G
   Zhang, Y
   Yue, DX
   Guo, FY
AF Qi, Tianjun
   Zhao, Yan
   Meng, Xingmin
   Shi, Wei
   Qing, Feng
   Chen, Guan
   Zhang, Yi
   Yue, Dongxia
   Guo, Fuyun
TI Distribution Modeling and Factor Correlation Analysis of Landslides in
   the Large Fault Zone of the Western Qinling Mountains: A Machine
   Learning Algorithm
SO REMOTE SENSING
DT Article
DE landslide inventory; fault zone; machine learning; correlation analysis
ID GRAVITATIONAL SLOPE DEFORMATIONS; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUSCEPTIBILITY
   ASSESSMENT; INVENTORY; SICHUAN; AREA; MECHANISM; BASIN
AB The area comprising the Langma-Baiya fault zone (LBFZ) and the Bailongjiang fault zone (BFZ) in the Western Qinling Mountains in China is characterized by intensive, frequent, multi-type landslide disasters. The spatial distribution of landslides is affected by factors, such as geological structure, landforms, climate and human activities, and the distribution of landslides in turn affects the geomorphology, ecological environment and human activities. Here, we present the results of a detailed landslide inventory of the area, which recorded a total of 2765 landslides. The landslides are divided into three categories according to relative age, area, and type of movement. Sixteen factors related to geological structure, geomorphology, materials composition and human activities were selected and four machine learning algorithms were used to model the spatial distribution of landslides. The aim was to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between the spatial distribution of landslides and the contributing factors. Based on a comparison of model accuracy and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, RandomForest (RF) (accuracy of 92%, area under the ROC of 0.97) and GradientBoosting (GB) (accuracy of 96%, area under the ROC curve of 0.97) were selected to predict the spatial distribution of unclassified landslides and classified landslides, respectively. The evaluation results reveal the following. The vegetation coverage index (NDVI) (correlation of 0.2, and the same below) and distance to road (DTR) (0.13) had the highest correlations with the distribution of unclassified landslides. NDVI (0.18) and the annual precipitation index (API) (0.14) had the highest correlations with the distribution of landslides of different ages. API (0.16), average slope (AS) (0.14) and NDVI (0.1) had the highest correlations with the landslide distribution on different scales. API (0.28) had the highest correlation with the landslide distribution based on different types of landslide movement.
C1 [Qi, Tianjun; Meng, Xingmin; Shi, Wei; Yue, Dongxia] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, MOE Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Qi, Tianjun; Zhao, Yan; Meng, Xingmin; Shi, Wei; Chen, Guan; Zhang, Yi; Yue, Dongxia; Guo, Fuyun] Technol & Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazards, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Yan; Meng, Xingmin; Chen, Guan; Zhang, Yi] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Qing, Feng] Tsinghua Univ, Inst Publ Safety Res, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Fuyun] Geol Environm Monitoring Inst Gansu Prov, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University; Tsinghua University
RP Zhao, Y (corresponding author), Technol & Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazards, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.; Zhao, Y (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM qitj16@lzu.edu.cn; zhaoyandz@lzu.edu.cn; xmmeng@lzu.edu.cn;
   shiw19@lzu.edu.cn; qingf16@lzu.edu.cn; gchen@lzu.edu.cn;
   zhangyigeo@lzu.edu.cn; dxyue@lzu.edu.cn; fyg51913@163.com
TC 25
Z9 25
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2072-4292
PD DEC
PY 2021
VL 13
IS 24
AR 4990
DI 10.3390/rs13244990
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging
   Science & Photographic Technology
UT WOS:000745277000001
ER

PT J
AU Sun, P
   Wang, HJ
   Ke, CY
   Sang, KY
   Han, S
   Zhang, S
AF Sun, Ping
   Wang, Haojie
   Ke, Chaoying
   Sang, Kangyun
   Han, Shuai
   Zhang, Shuai
TI Seismic response and run-out process of the Shiguchuan landslide:
   Insights from geological investigations and numerical simulation
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Loess-bedrock landslide; Seismic response; Failure mechanism; Run-out
   processes
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOESS-MUDSTONE SLOPE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT;
   TIANSHUI; MODEL; DISPLACEMENT; DEFORMATION; TOPOGRAPHY; CHINA; GANSU
AB Tianshui City is located in the transitional zone between the Western Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau, an area significantly affected by strong earthquakes. Historical seismic events have induced numerous landslides in this region. Through an integrated methodology combining field investigations, drilling, and numerical simulation, the seismic response and failure mechanisms of the loess-bedrock slope are revealed, and the run-out process of Shiguchuan landslide under basic and rare seismic conditions is examined. The key findings are as follows: The seismic response of the loess-bedrock slope is primarily controlled by the thickness of the loess layer, topographic features, and the loess-bedrock interface, which exhibits significant elevation amplification, surface amplification, and loess layer amplification effects. Below the mid-slope elevation, horizontal acceleration amplification factors (AAFs) dominate over vertical components, whereas this relationship reverses above the mid-slope elevation. Spectral analysis reveals that the seismic amplification in loess-bedrock slopes exhibits pronounced frequency-dependent characteristics. Significant amplification of horizontal components (2.2-2.5 Hz) and vertical components (5-6 Hz) is observed in the upper-middle slope section. The failure mechanism of the Shiguchuan landslide is characterized by high-level shear sliding of the mid-upper slope loess along the bedrock interface. Under rare seismic conditions, the run-out and accumulation behaviors of the landslide, as determined by numerical simulations, are generally consistent with the post-failure characteristics observed through field investigations, suggesting that the Shiguchuan landslide was likely triggered by seismic ground motions with a PGA (peak ground motion acceleration) of >= 0.6 g. These results have significant implications for understanding the dynamic behavior of such landslides and the potential triggering seismic intensities.
C1 [Sun, Ping; Wang, Haojie; Ke, Chaoying; Sang, Kangyun; Zhang, Shuai] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Sun, Ping; Wang, Haojie; Ke, Chaoying; Sang, Kangyun; Zhang, Shuai] Minist Nat Resources, Observat & Res Stn Geol Disaster Baoji, Baoji 721001, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   [Han, Shuai] China Geol Survey, Nanjing Geol Survey Ctr, Nanjing 210007, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Ministry of
   Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China; China Geological
   Survey
RP Wang, HJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM wanghaojiecgs@foxmail.com; kechaoying22@mails.ucas.ac.cn;
   zshuai@mail.cgs.gov.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD JUN 1
PY 2025
VL 478
AR 109725
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109725
EA JUN 2025
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001449977900001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, GT
   Cui, P
   Jin, W
   Zhang, ZT
   Wang, H
   Bazai, NA
   Li, Y
   Liu, DZ
   Alessandro, P
AF Zhang, Guotao
   Cui, Peng
   Jin, Wen
   Zhang, Zhengtao
   Wang, Hao
   Bazai, Nazir Ahmed
   Li, Yao
   Liu, Dingzhu
   Alessandro, Pasuto
TI Changes in hydrological behaviours triggered by earthquake disturbance
   in a mountainous watershed
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Earthquake disturbance; Landslides; Runoff potential; Flood peaks;
   Hydrological model
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS FLOWS; RIVER-BASIN; HEC-HMS; RUNOFF;
   CONNECTIVITY; LANDSLIDES; CATCHMENT; RAINFALL; IMPACTS
AB Landslides induced by strong earthquakes often destroy large amounts of landscape vegetation which can trigger significant changes in runoff potential and flood flow. Little is known about hydrological behaviours imposed by co-seismic landslides and their post-earthquake evolution. Therefore, we collected time-series datasets (2007-2018) of underlying surface conditions (USC) changes including landslide expansion and recovery in a watershed affected by the Wenchuan earthquake to further quantify howthe large physical disturbance affected the flood hydrological behaviours. The hydrological model HEC-HMS was calibrated and validated to predict the historical hydrological behaviours based on 5 min time-series data in rainfalls and streamflow (2018-2019), showing a good model performance with a mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.76. It was found that, shortly after the earthquake, the sharp expansion with 11% of landslide areas elevated the magnitudes of runoff potential, peak discharge, and runoff volume by >10%, and the peak to time for the high-magnitude flood was advanced by 25 min compared to the pre-earthquake levels. The tipping point along the hydrological disturbance-recovery trajectory was detected within 2011with higher flood peaks and volumes, and the periods of 2011-2013 (i.e. 3-5 years post-earthquake) were deemed to be a rapid recovery period, revealing an unstable hydrological function. These findings are significant for clearly understanding the magnitude and timing, aswell as greater risks of post-earthquake catastrophic flooding in earthquake-stricken regions. Additionally, the post-earthquake accompanied rainstorm-induced geohazards, which limited the recovery of landscape vegetation, triggering an undulant but clear recovery process (1-7 years post-earthquake) of hydrological behaviours. These findings promoted our understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of hydrological behaviours triggered by the earthquake, and further contribute to the development of adaptation andmitigation strategies for the unpredictable flash floods triggered by future abrupt natural hazards in earthquake-affected regions. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Zhang, Guotao; Cui, Peng; Jin, Wen; Wang, Hao; Bazai, Nazir Ahmed; Li, Yao; Liu, Dingzhu] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Guotao; Cui, Peng; Jin, Wen; Bazai, Nazir Ahmed; Li, Yao; Liu, Dingzhu] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Zhengtao; Wang, Hao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Bazai, Nazir Ahmed] China Pakistan Earth Sci Joint Res Ctr, Islamabad, Pakistan.
   [Alessandro, Pasuto] Italian Natl Res Council, Res Inst Geohydrol Protect, I-351127 Padua, Italy.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau
   Earth Sciences (CETES), CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Consiglio
   Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 25
Z9 31
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
EI 1879-1026
PD MAR 15
PY 2021
VL 760
AR 143349
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143349
EA JAN 2021
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000607779400031
ER

PT J
AU Wang, M
   Liu, K
   Yang, GL
   Xie, J
AF Wang, Ming
   Liu, Kai
   Yang, Guiling
   Xie, Jun
TI Three-dimensional slope stability analysis using laser scanning and
   numerical simulation
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Landslide; finite element; laser scanning; numerical simulation;
   rainfall
ID VOLUME ESTIMATION; LANDSLIDE; PHOTOGRAMMETRY; TECHNOLOGY; CHINA; MODEL;
   DEMS; AREA
AB Detailed surface topography is important when analyzing the stability of slopes. Recent advances in new technologies such as interferometric synthetic aperture radar and light detection and ranging have allowed us to obtain high-precision profiles of distant landscapes and objects including detailed slope information for three-dimensional (3D) slope stability analysis. However, techniques of reconstructing 3D numerical models from scanned data of slope geometry have not been well investigated or tested. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach that integrates laser scanning and finite element method for slope stability analysis, particularly failure prediction under precipitation scenarios. The methodology is applied to a slope in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken mountainous region that failed in 2013, triggered by severe rainfall. The modelling results show that the surface sampling resolution can affect the prediction accuracy of the potential failure zones. When constructing the slope model, the selected surface grid should be fine enough to capture the important topographic features of the slope while minimizing computation demand. This paper confirms that the proposed method can be successfully used to identify the potential failure zones of the investigated slope under severe rainfall conditions.
C1 [Wang, Ming; Liu, Kai] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ming; Liu, Kai; Yang, Guiling; Xie, Jun] Minist Civil Affairs, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ming; Liu, Kai; Yang, Guiling; Xie, Jun] Minist Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Ming; Liu, Kai; Yang, Guiling; Xie, Jun] Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University
RP Liu, K (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Liu, K (corresponding author), Minist Civil Affairs, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Liu, K (corresponding author), Minist Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Liu, K (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM liukai@bnu.edu.cn
TC 16
Z9 18
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PY 2017
VL 8
IS 2
BP 997
EP 1011
DI 10.1080/19475705.2017.1290696
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000418899200048
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, YY
   Shi, ZM
   Qiu, T
   Yu, SB
   Zhang, QZ
   Shen, DY
AF Zhou, Yuanyuan
   Shi, Zhenming
   Qiu, Tong
   Yu, Songbo
   Zhang, Qingzhao
   Shen, Danyi
TI Experimental study on morphological characteristics of landslide dams in
   different shaped valleys
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Dam morphology; Granular flow; Landslide dam; Physical modeling tests
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; ROCK AVALANCHES; NEW-ZEALAND; FAILURE; PREDICTION;
   PARAMETERS; GEOMETRY; RUNOUT; SCALE; FIELD
AB Landslide dams pose enormous risks to infrastructures and communities in mountainous areas near rivers, with potential dam breaches causing catastrophic secondary hazards. The morphology of a landslide dam, essential to its stability, is highly influenced by its formation conditions, including the landslide type, material composition, and valley shape. However, the correlation between the dam morphology and these factors is poorly understood. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the damming process and deposition morphology across three different granular materials, two sliding widths, and three valley shapes. Detailed topography surveys of the dam deposits were conducted using a 3D laser scanner. The experimental results show that the width of the sliding path and valley shape have a significant effect on the morphology of a landslide dam. The dam deposits under a narrow sliding path are more concentrated and higher with steeper upstream and downstream slopes. The cross-valley profiles are dependent on the sliding width and valley shape for the well-graded gravel with sand (Soil I, GW) and poorly-graded sand with gravel (Soil II, SP) but are of the linear shape for the poorly-graded sand (Soil III, SP). The crest surface frontal angle of soil III is larger than that of the soils containing gravel (i.e., Soils I and II). The dam length increases as the valley shape changes from rectangular to trapezoidal and then to triangular, and shows opposite trends under the two sliding widths as the gradation becomes finer. The dam height decreases under the narrow sliding path as the soil changes from Soil Ito Soil II to Soil III. In addition, larger particles (i.e., gravels) tend to accumulate on the surface and opposite side whereas finer particles (i.e., sand) tend to accumulate on the bottom and source side.(c) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Zhou, Yuanyuan; Shi, Zhenming; Yu, Songbo; Zhang, Qingzhao; Shen, Danyi] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Yuanyuan; Shi, Zhenming; Yu, Songbo; Zhang, Qingzhao; Shen, Danyi] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Yuanyuan; Qiu, Tong] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System
   of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania
   State University - University Park
RP Shi, ZM (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM 94026@tongji.edu.cn
TC 13
Z9 16
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD MAR 1
PY 2022
VL 400
AR 108081
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.108081
EA JAN 2022
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000775059000002
ER

PT J
AU Lissak, C
   Bartsch, A
   De Michele, M
   Gomez, C
   Maquaire, O
   Raucoules, D
   Roulland, T
AF Lissak, Candide
   Bartsch, Annett
   De Michele, Marcello
   Gomez, Christopher
   Maquaire, Olivier
   Raucoules, Daniel
   Roulland, Thomas
TI Remote Sensing for Assessing Landslides and Associated Hazards
SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS
DT Article
DE Landslide; Remote sensing; Machine learning; Monitoring; Inventory
ID FROM-MOTION PHOTOGRAMMETRY; EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SAR
   INTERFEROMETRY; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   NEURAL-NETWORKS; LASER SCANNER; 3 GORGES; GROUND DISPLACEMENTS; FORESTED
   LANDSLIDES
AB Multi-platform remote sensing using space-, airborne and ground-based sensors has become essential tools for landslide assessment and disaster-risk prevention. Over the last 30 years, the multiplicity of Earth Observation satellites mission ensures uninterrupted optical and radar imagery archives. With the popularization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, free optical and radar imagery with high revisiting time, ground and aerial possibilities to perform high-resolution 3D point clouds and derived digital elevation models, it can make it difficult to choose the appropriate method for risk assessment. The aim of this paper is to review the mainstream remote-sensing methods commonly employed for landslide assessment, as well as processing. The purpose is to understand how remote-sensing techniques can be useful for landslide hazard detection and monitoring taking into consideration several constraints such as field location or costs of surveys. First we focus on the suitability of terrestrial, aerial and spaceborne systems that have been widely used for landslide assessment to underline their benefits and drawbacks for data acquisition, processing and interpretation. Several examples of application are presented such as Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), lasergrammetry, Terrestrial Optical Photogrammetry. Some of these techniques are unsuitable for slow moving landslides, others limited to large areas and others to local investigations. It can be complicated to select the most appropriate system. Today, the key for understanding landslides is the complementarity of methods and the automation of the data processing. All the mentioned approaches can be coupled (from field monitoring to satellite images analysis) to improve risk management, and the real challenge is to improve automatic solution for landslide recognition and monitoring for the implementation of near real-time emergency systems.
C1 [Lissak, Candide; Maquaire, Olivier; Roulland, Thomas] Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, LETG, CNRS, F-14000 Caen, France.
   [Bartsch, Annett] Bgeos, Ind Str 1, A-2100 Korneuburg, Austria.
   [Bartsch, Annett] Univ Vienna, Austrian Polar Res Inst, Univ Str 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria.
   [De Michele, Marcello; Raucoules, Daniel] French Geol Survey, BRGM, 3 Av Claude Guillemin, F-45000 Orleans, France.
   [Gomez, Christopher] Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Maritime Sci, Lab Sediment Hazards & Disaster Risk, Higashinada Ku, 5-1-1 Fukaeminamimachi, Kobe, Hyogo 6580022, Japan.
   [Gomez, Christopher] Univ Gadjah Mada, Fac Geog, Bulaksumur 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
C3 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Caen
   Normandie; University of Vienna; Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et
   Minieres (BRGM); Kobe University; Gadjah Mada University
RP Lissak, C (corresponding author), Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, LETG, CNRS, F-14000 Caen, France.
EM candide.lissak@unicaen.fr
TC 89
Z9 94
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-3298
EI 1573-0956
PD NOV
PY 2020
VL 41
IS 6
SI SI
BP 1391
EP 1435
DI 10.1007/s10712-020-09609-1
EA SEP 2020
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
UT WOS:000565834600002
ER

PT J
AU Jin, KP
   Yao, LK
   Cheng, QG
   Xing, AG
AF Jin, K. P.
   Yao, L. K.
   Cheng, Q. G.
   Xing, A. G.
TI Seismic landslides hazard zoning based on the modified Newmark model: a
   case study from the Lushan earthquake, China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Seismically triggered landslides; Modified Newmark model; Landslide
   areal density; Hazard zoning method
ID SOIL RETAINING WALLS; DISPLACEMENT; ATTENUATION
AB Seismically triggered landslides can cause great damage to the road construction in mountainous areas. The permanent displacement analysis based on Newmark sliding-block model can evaluate risk of these landslides from the perspective of deformation damage and overall failure probability of slopes. However, the sliding-block model does not consider the attenuation effect of the shear strength on the sliding surface during earthquake, causing the calculated value of Jibson method to be less than the actual value. Therefore, the Newmark model was modified by adding attenuation coefficients to the effective internal friction angle and the effective cohesion of geologic units. The landslide areal density was proposed for hazard zoning with the Wenchuan earthquake data. The results showed that the predicted values agreed well with the real distribution of the landslides triggered by the Lushan earthquake. The proposed hazard zoning method in this paper can predict the severity of seismic landslides in consideration of the environmental changes in mountainous regions after the earthquake and provide support for the site selection in highly seismic areas.
C1 [Jin, K. P.; Xing, A. G.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
   [Yao, L. K.] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Cheng, Q. G.] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Dept Geol Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Southwest Jiaotong University; Southwest
   Jiaotong University
RP Xing, AG (corresponding author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
EM xingaiguo@sjtu.edu.cn
TC 25
Z9 29
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD OCT
PY 2019
VL 99
IS 1
BP 493
EP 509
DI 10.1007/s11069-019-03754-6
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000489750300024
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, GT
   Cui, P
   Gualtieri, C
   Bazai, NA
   Zhang, XQ
   Zhang, ZT
AF Zhang, Guotao
   Cui, Peng
   Gualtieri, Carlo
   Bazai, Nazir Ahmed
   Zhang, Xueqin
   Zhang, Zhengtao
TI Increased nonstationarity of stormflow threshold behaviors in a forested
   watershed due to abrupt earthquake disturbance
SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID FISSURED GRANITIC CATCHMENT; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; RUNOFF RESPONSE;
   LANDSLIDES; CONNECTIVITY; STREAMFLOW; RAINFALL; STORAGE; FLOOD; IMPACTS
AB Extreme earthquake disturbances to the vegetation of local and regional landscapes could swiftly impair the former hydrologic function, significantly increasing the challenge of predicting threshold behaviors of rainfall-runoff processes as well as the hydrologic system's complexity over time. It is still unclear how alternating catchment hydrologic behaviors under an ongoing large earthquake disruption are mediated by long-term interactions between landslides and vegetation evolution. In a well-known watershed affected by the Wenchuan earthquake, the nonlinear hydrologic behavior is examined using two thresholds with intervening linear segments. A lower rising threshold (THr) value (210.48 mm) observed in post-earthquake local landslide regions exhibited a faster stormflow response rate than that in undisturbed forest and grassland-shrubland regions, easily triggering huge flash-flood disasters. Additionally, an integrated response metric pair (integrated watershed average generation threshold THg-IWA and rising threshold THr-IWA) with areas of disparate land use, ecology, and physiography was proposed and efficiently applied to identify emergent catchment hydrologic behaviors. The interannual variation in the two integrated hydrologic thresholds before and following the earthquake was assessed to detect the temporal nonstationarity in hydrologic extremes and nonlinear runoff response. The year 2011 was an important turning point along the hydrologic disturbance-recovery timescale following the earthquake, as post-earthquake landslide evolution reached a state of extreme heterogeneity in space. At that time, the THr-IWA value decreased by similar to 9 mm compared with the pre-earthquake level. This is closely related to the fast expansion of landslides, leading to a larger extension of variable source area from the channel to neighboring hillslopes, and faster subsurface stormflow, contributing to flash floods. Finally, we present a conceptual model interpreting how the short- and long-term interactions between earthquake-induced landslides and vegetation affect flood hydrographs at event timescale that generated an increased nonstationary hydrologic behavior. This study expands our current knowledge of threshold-based hydrologic and nonstationary storm-flow behaviors in response to abrupt earthquake disturbance for the prediction of future flood regimes.
C1 [Zhang, Guotao; Cui, Peng; Zhang, Xueqin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Cui, Peng; Bazai, Nazir Ahmed] Chinese Acad Sci & Higher Educ Commiss, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
   [Gualtieri, Carlo] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Struct Engn & Architecture, I-80125 Naples, Italy.
   [Zhang, Zhengtao] Beijing Normal Univ, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Minist Educ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural
   Resources Research, CAS; University of Naples Federico II; Beijing
   Normal University
RP Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.; Cui, P (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci & Higher Educ Commiss, China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
EM pengcui@imde.ac.cn
TC 7
Z9 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1027-5606
EI 1607-7938
PD AUG 14
PY 2023
VL 27
IS 15
BP 3005
EP 3020
DI 10.5194/hess-27-3005-2023
SC Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:001048142500001
ER

PT J
AU Li, CR
   Wang, M
   Liu, K
AF Li, Congrong
   Wang, Ming
   Liu, Kai
TI A decadal evolution of landslides and debris flows after the Wenchuan
   earthquake
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslides; Debris flows; Precipitation; Hazards evolution
ID TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; VEGETATION RECOVERY; CHINA; EROSION; AREA;
   TOPOGRAPHY; INVENTORY; HIMALAYA; HAZARDS; REGIONS
AB The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered numerous coseismic landslides. The loose materials were retained on steep terrains and deep gullies as well as in river channels, which increased higher flooding hazard and geohazard (landslides and debris flows) risks in the area. In this paper, between 2008 and 2016 we monitored landslides and debris flows occurred during rainfall, especially the high rainfall amounts in 2013, which caused serious damage to reconstructed villages. The changes over time aids in understanding long-term landscape evolution in the investigated area impacted by major earthquakes as well as in regions with comparable settings. With the aid of a GIS platform combined with field investigations, we continuously tracked the area and movement paths of the loose deposit materials in all the debris flow gullies and coseismic landslides in the study area. And then the spatial and temporal evolutionary patterns of these movements as well as the evolution under different triggering factors were analyzed using the terrain and precipitation information from the past nine years. The results showed that both the area and number of coseismic landslides decreased over time and that the deposited materials moved to areas of lower elevation and lower slope. In addition, the new landslides occurred more easily in areas of low elevation and high slope during periods of normal rainfall. Under the high rainfall, many new landslides and expansion processes occurred easily at high altitudes, providing loose materials for debris flows. Although the overall geoenvironment in the earthquake-stricken area has a recovering tendency, the outburst of hazards triggered by future extreme rainfalls is still expected and this kind of fluctuating cycle may last for an unexpectedly longer period. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Ming] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Fac Geog Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   Beijing Normal Univ, Key Lab Environm Change & Nat Disasters, Minist Educ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
C3 Beijing Normal University; Beijing Normal University
RP Wang, M (corresponding author), Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, Fac Geog Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
EM wangming@bnu.edu.cn
TC 77
Z9 80
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD DEC 15
PY 2018
VL 323
BP 1
EP 12
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.010
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000449897200001
ER

PT J
AU Tan, DY
   Yin, JH
   Feng, WQ
   Qin, JQ
   Zhu, ZH
AF Tan, Dao-Yuan
   Yin, Jian-Hua
   Feng, Wei-Qiang
   Qin, Jie-Qiong
   Zhu, Zhuo-Hui
TI Large-scale physical modelling study of a flexible barrier under the
   impact of granular flows
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS FLOWS; LANDSLIDE; VELOCITY; DESIGN; TESTS
AB Flexible barriers are being increasingly applied to mitigate the danger of debris flows. However, how barriers can be better designed to withstand the impact loads of debris flows is still an open question in natural hazard engineering. Here we report an improved large-scale physical modelling device and the results of two consecutive large-scale granular flow tests using this device to study how flexible barriers react under the impact of granular flows. In the study, the impact force directly on the flexible barrier and the impact force transferred to the supporting structures are measured, calculated, and compared. Based on the comparison, the impact loading attenuated by the flexible barrier is quantified. The hydro-dynamic approaches with different dynamic coefficients and the hydro-static approach are validated using the measured impact forces.
C1 [Tan, Dao-Yuan; Yin, Jian-Hua; Feng, Wei-Qiang; Qin, Jie-Qiong; Zhu, Zhuo-Hui] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong Polytechnic University
RP Yin, JH (corresponding author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM cejhyin@polyu.edu.hk
TC 18
Z9 19
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PD OCT 2
PY 2018
VL 18
IS 10
BP 2625
EP 2640
DI 10.5194/nhess-18-2625-2018
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000446089200001
ER

PT J
AU Bai, Y
   Li, AN
   Lei, GB
   Bian, JH
   Zhang, ZJ
   Nan, X
   Chen, LM
   Lin, XH
   Deng, Y
   Shao, HY
AF Bai, Yi
   Li, Ainong
   Lei, Guangbin
   Bian, Jinhu
   Zhang, Zhengjian
   Nan, Xi
   Chen, Limin
   Lin, Xiaohan
   Deng, Yi
   Shao, Huaiyong
TI Identifying spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of landscape
   pattern in Giant Panda National Park (GPNP) using an interpretable
   machine learning technology
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
DT Article
DE Landscape pattern; XGBoost-SHAP; Habitat quality; Conservation planning;
   Remote sensing
ID WOLONG NATURE-RESERVE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AILUROPODA-MELANOLEUCA; WENCHUAN
   EARTHQUAKE; QINLING MOUNTAINS; HABITAT; FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION;
   ECOSYSTEM; SICHUAN
AB Giant Panda National Park (GPNP) is one of China's landmark conservation initiatives within its national park system and serves as a critical stronghold for global biodiversity. The spatiotemporal changes in its landscape patterns profoundly influence giant panda habitat quality and ecosystem resilience. In this study, we developed a comprehensive framework to analyze landscape-pattern dynamics and their driving mechanisms in GPNP. The framework leverages multi-temporal (1990-2020) land use/cover remote-sensing data combined with landscape pattern metrics to quantify habitat type transitions and capture spatiotemporal pattern changes. The influence of environmental and anthropogenic drivers was quantified, and the complex interactions shaping landscape dynamics were revealed with an interpretable XGBoost-SHAP model. The results show that the most significant habitat transitions occurred during 2005-2010, accounting for 50.6 % of the total transition area, largely driven by ecological restoration and natural disturbances. Landscape connectivity steadily increased, reflecting the positive effects of ecological restoration policies targeting GPNP's environment. The XGBoost-SHAP framework achieved strong predictive performance (accuracy = 0.74, AUC = 0.89), enabling reliable interpretation of landscape transitions. Among sixteen drivers, precipitation, NDVI, temperature, GPP, terrain ruggedness (TRI), and distance to roads (Lrdl) were identified as the most influential in shaping long-term landscape patterns in GPNP. These findings suggest that effective monitoring of GPNP's landscape pattern dynamics can provide a scientific basis for the conservation and management of giant panda habitats. Moreover, the proposed framework offers a transferable approach for analyzing landscape changes and driving mechanisms in similar wildlife ecosystems.
C1 [Bai, Yi; Li, Ainong; Lei, Guangbin; Bian, Jinhu; Zhang, Zhengjian; Nan, Xi; Chen, Limin; Lin, Xiaohan; Deng, Yi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Bai, Yi; Li, Ainong; Shao, Huaiyong] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Geog & Planning, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Bai, Yi; Li, Ainong; Lei, Guangbin; Bian, Jinhu; Zhang, Zhengjian; Nan, Xi; Chen, Limin; Lin, Xiaohan; Deng, Yi] Wanglang Mt Remote Sensing Observat & Res Stn Sich, Mianyang 621000, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Ainong; Chen, Limin; Lin, Xiaohan; Deng, Yi] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology; Chinese Academy of
   Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Li, AN (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
EM ainongli@imde.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1470-160X
EI 1872-7034
PD SEP
PY 2025
VL 178
AR 114121
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114121
EA AUG 2025
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001575572500002
ER

PT J
AU Ling, SX
   Zhao, SY
   Huang, JP
   Zhang, XT
AF Ling, Sixiang
   Zhao, Siyuan
   Huang, Junpeng
   Zhang, Xuantu
TI Landslide susceptibility assessment using statistical and machine
   learning techniques: A case study in the upper reaches of the Minjiang
   River, southwestern China
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE landslide; Minjiang River; landslide susceptibility; statistical model;
   machine learning model
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; INFORMATION VALUE;
   FREQUENCY RATIO; RANDOM FOREST; MODEL; PREDICTION; SICHUAN;
   CLASSIFICATION; AREA
AB Landslides have frequently occurred in deeply incised valleys in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. Long-term interactions between rock uplift and river undercutting developed widely distributed landslides in this catchment, which recorded the typical tectonic geomorphology in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we examined the landslides in the Minjiang catchment and aimed to compare the prediction ability of the statistical and machine learning (ML) models in landslide susceptibility assessment. We adopted the statistical models of the frequency ratio (FR) and information value (IV) models, and the ML models represented by a logistic model tree (LMT) and radial basis function classifier (RBFC) for landslide prediction. An inventory map of 668 landslides was compiled, and the landslides were randomly divided into training (80%) and validation (20%) datasets. Furthermore, 11 control factors of landslides based on topography, geology, hydrology, and other environments were applied for the analysis. The comprehensive performance of the four models was validated and compared using accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The results indicated that both sides of the valley along the Mingjiang and Heishuihe Rivers are in the high and very high susceptibility zones; in particular, the river segment from Wenchuan to Maoxian County has the highest susceptibility. The AUC values of the FR, IV, LMT, and RBFC models with the training data were 0.842, 0.862, 0.898, and 0.894, respectively, while the validation dataset illustrated the highest AUC value of 0.879 in the LMT model, followed by the RBFC (0.871), IV (0.869), and FR (0.839) models. Moreover, the LMT and RBFC models had higher accuracy values than the FR and IV models. This suggests that the ML models are superior to the statistical models in generating adequate landslide susceptibility maps, and the LMT model is the most efficient one for landslide prediction in the study region. This study provides a typical case in a landslide-prone region in the plateau margin to advance the understanding of landslide susceptibility assessment.
C1 [Ling, Sixiang; Huang, Junpeng; Zhang, Xuantu] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Environm Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Siyuan] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Xuantu] Sichuan Transportat Construct Grp Co Ltd, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest Jiaotong University; Sichuan University
RP Zhao, SY (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
EM zhaosiyuan@scu.edu.cn
TC 19
Z9 22
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD AUG 31
PY 2022
VL 10
AR 986172
DI 10.3389/feart.2022.986172
SC Geology
UT WOS:000891631600001
ER

PT J
AU Hong, HY
   Pourghasemi, HR
   Pourtaghi, ZS
AF Hong, Haoyuan
   Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza
   Pourtaghi, Zohre Sadat
TI Landslide susceptibility assessment in Lianhua County (China): A
   comparison between a random forest data mining technique and bivariate
   and multivariate statistical models
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility mapping; Evidential belief function; Frequency
   ratio; Logistic regression; Random forest; Lianhua County
ID ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; EVIDENTIAL BELIEF FUNCTION;
   EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODEL; SUPPORT
   VECTOR MACHINE; HOA BINH PROVINCE; 3 GORGES AREA; FREQUENCY RATIO;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL PREDICTION
AB Landslides are an important natural hazard that causes a great amount of damage around the world every year, especially during the rainy season. The Lianhua area is located in the middle of China's southern mountainous area, west of Jiangxi Province, and is known to be an area prone to landslides. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare landslide susceptibility maps produced using the random forest (RF) data mining technique with those produced by bivariate (evidential belief function and frequency ratio) and multivariate (logistic regression) statistical models for Lianhua County, China. First, a landslide inventory map was prepared using aerial photograph interpretation, satellite images, and extensive field surveys. In total, 163 landslide events were recognized in the study area, with 114 landslides (70%) used for training and 49 landslides (30%) used for validation. Next, the landslide conditioning factors-including the slope angle, altitude, slope aspect, topographic wetness index (TWI), slope-length (LS), plan curvature, profile curvature, distance to rivers, distance to faults, distance to roads, annual precipitation, land use, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and lithology-were derived from the spatial database. Finally, the landslide susceptibility maps of Lianhua County were generated in ArcGIS 10.1 based on the random forest (RF), evidential belief function (EBF), frequency ratio (FR), and logistic regression (LR) approaches and were validated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The ROC plot assessment results showed that for landslide susceptibility maps produced using the EBF, FR, LR, and RF models, the area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.8122, 0.8134, 0.7751, and 0.7172, respectively. Therefore, we can conclude that all four models have an AUC of more than 0.70 and can be used in landslide susceptibility mapping in the study area; meanwhile, the EBF and FR models had the best performance for Lianhua County, China. Thus, the resultant susceptibility maps will be useful for land use planning and hazard mitigation aims. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hong, Haoyuan] Jiangxi Meteorol Bur, Jiangxi Prov Meteorol Observ, 109 ShengfuBeier Rd, Nanchang 330046, Peoples R China.
   [Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza] Shiraz Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Engn, Shiraz, Iran.
   [Pourtaghi, Zohre Sadat] Yazd Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Environm Management Engn, Yazd, Iran.
C3 China Meteorological Administration; Jiangxi Meteorological Service,
   China Meteorological Administration; Shiraz University; University of
   Yazd
RP Pourghasemi, HR (corresponding author), Shiraz Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Engn, Shiraz, Iran.
EM hr.pourghasemi@shirazu.ac.ir
TC 374
Z9 409
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD APR 15
PY 2016
VL 259
BP 105
EP 118
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.02.012
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000374199000009
ER

PT J
AU Shi, Z
   Wei, FQ
   Chandrasekar, V
AF Shi, Zhao
   Wei, Fangqiang
   Chandrasekar, Venkatachalam
TI Radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation for the identification
   of debris flow occurrence over earthquake-affected regions in Sichuan,
   China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID RAINFALL THRESHOLDS; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS; DURATION
   CONTROL; WARNING SYSTEM; INTENSITY; REFLECTIVITY; INITIATION; ALGORITHM;
   DENSITY
AB Both M-s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 and M-s 7.0 Lushan earthquake on 20 April 2013 occurred in the province of Sichuan, China. In the earthquake-affected mountainous area, a large amount of loose material caused a high occurrence of debris flow during the rainy season. In order to evaluate the rainfall intensity-duration (I - D) threshold of the debris flow in the earthquake-affected area, and to fill up the observational gaps caused by the relatively scarce and low-altitude deployment of rain gauges in this area, raw data from two S-band China New Generation Doppler Weather Radar (CINRAD) were captured for six rainfall events that triggered 519 debris flows between 2012 and 2014. Due to the challenges of radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) over mountainous areas, a series of improvement measures are considered: a hybrid scan mode, a vertical reflectivity profile (VPR) correction, a mosaic of reflectivity, a merged rainfall-reflectivity (R - Z) relationship for convective and stratiform rainfall, and rainfall bias adjustment with Kalman filter (KF). For validating rainfall accumulation over complex terrains, the study areas are divided into two kinds of regions by the height threshold of 1.5 km from the ground. Three kinds of radar rainfall estimates are compared with rain gauge measurements. It is observed that the normalized mean bias (NMB) is decreased by 39% and the fitted linear ratio between radar and rain gauge observation reaches at 0.98. Furthermore, the radar-based I - D threshold derived by the frequentist method is I = D 10.1D(-0.52) and is underestimated by uncorrected raw radar data. In order to verify the impacts on observations due to spatial variation, I - D thresholds are identified from the nearest rain gauge observations and radar observations at the rain gauge locations. It is found that both kinds of observations have similar I - D thresholds and likewise underestimate I - D thresholds due to undershooting at the core of convective rainfall. It is indicated that improvement of spatial resolution and measuring accuracy of radar observation will lead to the improvement of identifying debris flow occurrence, especially for events triggered by the strong small-scale rainfall process in the study area.
C1 [Shi, Zhao; Wei, Fangqiang] Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Zhao; Wei, Fangqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Zhao; Wei, Fangqiang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
   [Chandrasekar, Venkatachalam] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Shi, Zhao] Chengdu Univ Informat & Technol, Key Lab Atmospher Sounding, Chengdu 610225, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of
   Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Colorado State
   University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; Chengdu
   University of Information Technology
RP Shi, Z (corresponding author), Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Shi, Z (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.; Shi, Z (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.; Shi, Z (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Informat & Technol, Key Lab Atmospher Sounding, Chengdu 610225, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM shi_zhao@foxmail.com
TC 20
Z9 22
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PD MAR 8
PY 2018
VL 18
IS 3
BP 765
EP 780
DI 10.5194/nhess-18-765-2018
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000426914000001
ER

PT J
AU Althuwaynee, OF
   Pradhan, B
   Park, HJ
   Lee, JH
AF Althuwaynee, Omar F.
   Pradhan, Biswajeet
   Park, Hyuck-Jin
   Lee, Jung Hyun
TI A novel ensemble decision tree-based CHi-squared Automatic Interaction
   Detection (CHAID) and multivariate logistic regression models in
   landslide susceptibility mapping
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Ensemble modeling; Decision tree; CHAID.LR; GIS; Remote
   sensing; South Korea
ID HOA BINH PROVINCE; ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; EVIDENTIAL BELIEF
   FUNCTIONS; FUZZY-LOGIC; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL PREDICTION;
   LIKELIHOOD RATIO; GIS; HAZARD; MOUNTAINS
AB An ensemble algorithm of data mining decision tree (DT)-based CHi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) is widely used for prediction analysis in variety of applications. CHAID as a multivariate method has an automatic classification capacity to analyze large numbers of landslide conditioning factors. Moreover, it results two or more nodes for each independent variable, where every node contains numbers of presence or absence of landslides (dependent variable). Other DT methods such as Quick, Unbiased, Efficient Statistic Tree (QUEST) and Classification and Regression Trees (CRT) are not able to produce multi branches based tree. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to use CHAID method to perform the best classification fit for each conditioning factors, then, combined it with logistic regression (LR) to find the corresponding coefficients of best fitting function that assess the optimal terminal nodes. In the first step, a landslide inventory map with 296 landslide locations were extracted from various sources over the Pohang-Kyeong Joo catchment (South Korea). Then, the inventory was randomly split into two datasets, 70% was used for training the models, and the remaining 30% was used for validation purpose. Thirteen landslide conditioning factors were used for the susceptibility modeling. Then, CHAID was applied and revealed that some conditioning factors such as altitude, soil drain, soil texture and TWI, as terminal nodes and reflected the best classification fit. Then, a proposed ensemble technique was applied and the interpretations of the coefficients showed that the relationship between the decision tree branch nodes distance from drain, soil drain, and TWI, respectively, leads to better consequences assessment of landslides in the current study area. The validation results showed that both success and prediction rates, 75 and 79%, respectively. This study proved the efficiency and reliability of ensemble DT and LR model in landslide susceptibility mapping.
C1 [Althuwaynee, Omar F.; Pradhan, Biswajeet] Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul, Malaysia.
   [Park, Hyuck-Jin; Lee, Jung Hyun] Sejong Univ, Dept Geoinformat Engn, Seoul 143747, South Korea.
C3 Universiti Putra Malaysia; Sejong University
RP Pradhan, B (corresponding author), Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul, Malaysia.
EM biswajeet@mailcity.com; hjpark@sejong.ac.kr
TC 139
Z9 161
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD DEC
PY 2014
VL 11
IS 6
BP 1063
EP 1078
DI 10.1007/s10346-014-0466-0
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000345324100010
ER

PT J
AU Cui, WQ
   He, X
   Yao, M
   Wang, ZW
   Li, J
   Hao, YJ
   Wu, WJ
   Zhao, HL
   Chen, XF
   Cui, W
AF Cui, Wenqi
   He, Xin
   Yao, Meng
   Wang, Ziwei
   Li, Jie
   Hao, Yuanjie
   Wu, Weijie
   Zhao, Huiling
   Chen, Xianfeng
   Cui, Wei
TI Landslide Image Captioning Method Based on Semantic Gate and Bi-Temporal
   LSTM
SO ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION
DT Article
DE landslide; image captioning; bi-temporal LSTM; semantic segmentation
ID DISASTER RISK; FRAMEWORK
AB When a landslide happens, it is important to recognize the hazard-affected bodies surrounding the landslide for the risk assessment and emergency rescue. In order to realize the recognition, the spatial relationship between landslides and other geographic objects such as residence, roads and schools needs to be defined. Comparing with semantic segmentation and instance segmentation that can only recognize the geographic objects separately, image captioning can provide richer semantic information including the spatial relationship among these objects. However, the traditional image captioning methods based on RNNs have two main shortcomings: the errors in the prediction process are often accumulated and the location of attention is not always accurate which would lead to misjudgment of risk. To handle these problems, a landslide image interpretation network based on a semantic gate and a bi-temporal long-short term memory network (SG-BiTLSTM) is proposed in this paper. In the SG-BiTLSTM architecture, a U-Net is employed as an encoder to extract features of the images and generate the mask maps of the landslides and other geographic objects. The decoder of this structure consists of two interactive long-short term memory networks (LSTMs) to describe the spatial relationship among these geographic objects so that to further determine the role of the classified geographic objects for identifying the hazard-affected bodies. The purpose of this research is to judge the hazard-affected bodies of the landslide (i.e., buildings and roads) through the SG-BiTLSTM network to provide geographic information support for emergency service. The remote sensing data was taken by Worldview satellite after the Wenchuan earthquake happened in 2008. The experimental results demonstrate that SG-BiTLSTM network shows remarkable improvements on the recognition of landslide and hazard-affected bodies, compared with the traditional LSTM (the Baseline Model), the BLEU1 of the SG-BiTLSTM is improved by 5.89%, the matching rate between the mask maps and the focus matrix of the attention is improved by 42.81%. In conclusion, the SG-BiTLSTM network can recognize landslides and the hazard-affected bodies simultaneously to provide basic geographic information service for emergency decision-making.
C1 [Cui, Wenqi; Chen, Xianfeng] Wuhan Univ Technol, Sch Safety Sci & Emergency Management, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.
   [He, Xin; Yao, Meng; Wang, Ziwei; Li, Jie; Hao, Yuanjie; Wu, Weijie; Zhao, Huiling; Cui, Wei] Wuhan Univ Technol, Sch Resources & Environm Engn, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.
C3 Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan University of Technology
RP Chen, XF (corresponding author), Wuhan Univ Technol, Sch Safety Sci & Emergency Management, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.
EM W.Q.Cui@whut.edu.cn; 2962575697@whut.edu.cn; yaomeng@whut.edu.cn;
   zwei@whut.edu.cn; Ljie@whut.edu.cn; haoyuanjie@whut.edu.cn;
   wwjie@whut.edu.cn; zhaoh12016@whutedu.cn; cxf618@whut.edu.cn;
   cuiwei@whut.edu.cn
TC 17
Z9 18
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA Gross-peteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2220-9964
PD APR
PY 2020
VL 9
IS 4
AR 194
DI 10.3390/ijgi9040194
SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing
UT WOS:000539535700009
ER

PT J
AU Hu, YX
   Chen, ML
   Zhou, JW
AF Hu, Yu-xiang
   Chen, Ming-liang
   Zhou, Jia-wen
TI Numerical simulation of the entrainment effect during mass movement in
   high-speed debris avalanches
SO ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE Debris avalanche; Mass movement; Entrainment; Numerical simulation; Flow
   3D
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; CATASTROPHIC LANDSLIDE; SICHUAN PROVINCE;
   DYNAMIC-ANALYSIS; FLOW
AB Due to the actions from upper motion masses with high speed, impacting, scouring and shear failures may occur in the substrate materials, which can change the motion properties and increase the volume of the moving masses. How to simulate the entrainment effect during the mass movement process in a high-speed debris avalanche is an important topic in the research of landslide dynamics. A set of three-dimensional simulation models have been established to study the entrainment effect during the mass movement process. The RNG k-epsilon turbulence model is used to simulate the motion of avalanche flow, and a substrate entrainment model is adopted to estimate the entrainment of substrate materials, which is an improved method to display the entrainment effect in high-speed debris avalanches. Sensitive analysis is applied to evaluate the mechanism parameters, and the velocity magnitude, entrainment, and deposition depth net change have all been discussed in detail. The computational results show that the gravitational energy is translated into kinetic energy with a variable velocity for the sliding masses after landslide initiated, and three stages occur in the sliding process: fragmentation, entrainment, and deposition. In addition, the parameters of viscosity, angle of repose, and entrainment coefficient play important roles in simulations of the entrainment process; the entrainment effect in a debris avalanche depends on not only the mechanical parameters but also the topographical conditions.
C1 [Hu, Yu-xiang; Zhou, Jia-wen] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Ming-liang] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Sichuan University
RP Zhou, JW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM jwzhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 11
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1866-7511
EI 1866-7538
PD JAN
PY 2019
VL 12
IS 2
AR 14
DI 10.1007/s12517-018-4199-6
SC Geology
UT WOS:000454879700012
ER

PT J
AU Hong, HY
   Pradhan, B
   Bui, DT
   Xu, C
   Youssef, AM
   Chen, W
AF Hong, Haoyuan
   Pradhan, Biswajeet
   Dieu Tien Bui
   Xu, Chong
   Youssef, Ahmed M.
   Chen, Wei
TI Comparison of four kernel functions used in support vector machines for
   landslide susceptibility mapping: a case study at Suichuan area (China)
SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK
DT Article
DE Support vector machines; GIS; landslide; remote sensing; Suichuan; China
ID 3 GORGES RESERVOIR; ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; BELIEF FUNCTION MODEL;
   WEIGHTS-OF-EVIDENCE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEDIMENT DISCHARGE; FREQUENCY
   RATIO
AB Suichuan is a mountainous area at the Jiangxi province in Central China, where rainfall-induced landslides occur frequently. The purpose of this study is to assess landslide susceptibility of this region using support vector machine (SVM) with four kernel functions: polynomial (PL), radial basis function (RBF), sigmoid (SIG), and linear (LN). A total of 178 landslides were used to accomplish this approach, of which, 125 (70%) landslides were randomly selected for training the landslide susceptibility models, whereas the remaining 53 (30%) were used for the model validation. Fifteen landslide conditioning factors were considered including slopeangle, altitude, slope-aspect, topographic wetness index (TWI), sediment transport index (STI), stream power index (SPI), plan curvature, profile curvature, distance to rivers, distance to faults, distance to roads, precipitation, landuse, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and lithology. Using the training dataset, nine landslide susceptibility models for the Suichuan area were constructed with the four kernel functions. To evaluate the performance of these models, the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were used. Using the training dataset, AUC values for the SVM-PL models with six degrees PL function (1-6) are 0.715, 0.801, 0.856, 0.891, 0.919, 0.953, respectively, and for the SVM-RBF model, the SVM-SIG model, and the SVM-LN model are 0.716, 0.741, and 0.740, respectively. Using the validation dataset, AUC values for the SVM-PL models with six degrees PL function (1-6) are 0.738, 0.730, 0.683, 0.648, 0.608, and 0.598, respectively, and for the SVM-RBF model, the SVM-SIG model, and the SVM-LN model are 0.716, 0.741, and 0.740, respectively. Our results suggested that the SVM-RBF model is the most suitable for landslide susceptibility assessment for the study area.
C1 [Hong, Haoyuan; Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Hong, Haoyuan] Jiangxi Meteorol Bur, Jiangxi Prov Meteorol Observ, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.
   [Pradhan, Biswajeet] Univ Putra Malaysia, Fac Engn, GISRC, Dept Civil Engn, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
   [Pradhan, Biswajeet] Sejong Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Resources Engn, Seoul, South Korea.
   [Dieu Tien Bui] Univ Coll Southeast Norway, Dept Business Adm & Comp Sci, Geog Informat Syst Grp, Bo I Telemark, Norway.
   [Youssef, Ahmed M.] Sohag Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Geol, Sohag, Egypt.
   [Chen, Wei] Xian Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Geol & Environm, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA; China
   Meteorological Administration; Jiangxi Meteorological Service, China
   Meteorological Administration; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Sejong
   University; University of South-Eastern Norway; Egyptian Knowledge Bank
   (EKB); Sohag University; Xi'an University of Science & Technology
RP Chen, W (corresponding author), Xian Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Geol & Environm, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
EM chenwei.0930@163.com
TC 101
Z9 109
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1947-5705
EI 1947-5713
PY 2017
VL 8
IS 2
BP 544
EP 569
DI 10.1080/19475705.2016.1250112
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water
   Resources
UT WOS:000418899200024
ER

PT J
AU Cui, FP
   Yin, YP
   Hu, RL
AF Cui, Fangpeng
   Yin, Yueping
   Hu, Ruilin
TI A variation trend analysis of key controlling factors on slope dynamic
   response due to seismic action
SO DISASTER ADVANCES
DT Article
DE Seismic action; collapsing and sliding response; key controlling
   factors; the Niujuangou Landslide; the Xinzhong Landslide; the Donghekou
   Landslide
AB Slopes' dynamic response with different distances from the initial epicenter of the Wenchuan Earthquake due to single and combined action with regionality and spatial heterogeneity of Primary and Secondary waves is simulated by applying the Universal Distinct Element Code software. As a result, the key controlling factor and its variation trend with the increasing hypocentral distance of slope initial collapsing and sliding response due to seismic action are revealed. As far as the time consumed in the process from original slope to fractured is concerned, the slope under combined seismic action between P and S wave appears instability prior to the slope under single action of P wave. With the increasing hypocentral distance, the key controlling factor of the slope collapsing and sliding response varies from the combined seismic action between P and S wave to the single seismic action of P wave.
   As for the mechanical mechanism of slope instability, coupled action between vertical and horizontal ground acceleration results in the slope dynamic response with a variation trend of key action from the vertical acceleration to the horizontal one. Finally, the initial instability originates always at slope shoulder due to seismic action in relation with the peak ground acceleration amplification effect and the variation trend of the slope mechanical parameters on its fracturing.
C1 [Cui, Fangpeng] China Univ Min & Technol, Coll Geosci & Surveying Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Yin, Yueping] Minist Land & Resources Peoples Republ China, Geol Disaster Emergency Tech Direct Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Ruilin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Engn Geomech, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Mining & Technology; Ministry of Natural Resources
   of the People's Republic of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Geology & Geophysics, CAS
RP Cui, FP (corresponding author), China Univ Min & Technol, Coll Geosci & Surveying Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
EM cuifrb0823@126.com
TC 4
Z9 4
PU DISASTER ADVANCES
PI INDORE
PA SECTOR AG-80, SCHEME NO 54, VIJAY NAGAR, A B RD, INDORE, 452010, INDIA
SN 0974-262X
PD OCT
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 4
BP 51
EP 57
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000313100100008
ER

PT J
AU Gautam, P
   Kubota, T
   Sapkota, LM
   Shinohara, Y
AF Gautam, Pawan
   Kubota, Tetsuya
   Sapkota, Lok Mani
   Shinohara, Yoshinori
TI Landslide susceptibility mapping with GIS in high mountain area of
   Nepal: a comparison of four methods
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility mapping; High mountain region; Frequency ratio;
   Logistic regression; Artificial neural network; Support vector machine
ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; FREQUENCY RATIO; SPATIAL PREDICTION;
   CONDITIONAL-PROBABILITY; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; HIERARCHY PROCESS;
   LIKELIHOOD RATIO; DECISION TREE
AB Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) assists identifying and targeting landslide preventive measures, thereby minimizing potential losses. Multiple approaches are employed for LSM in various physiographic regions; however, their applicability has differed across studies, with limited understanding on the most suitable approach for LSM in high mountain areas. Hence, we conducted LSM in the Indrawati watershed, a high mountain area of Central Nepal, employing four approaches: frequency ratio, logistic regression, artificial neural network, and support vector machine. Nine landslide causal factors (slope, aspect, elevation, geological formation, proximity to river, proximity to road, land cover, soil type, and curvature) were considered for LSM. Rainfall-induced landslides were mapped by the on-screen digitization of satellite images and field observations. The landslides were randomly split into a ratio of 80:20 for training and validating the susceptibility maps. The LSMs obtained by four methods were then validated and compared using area under curve (AUC), kappa index, and statistical inferences (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy). Our study showed that Eutric Cambisols, a class of soil type, has a strong association with landslide occurrence among the 52 classes of the nine causal factors. We found that the artificial neural network approach possessed the best prediction capability (AUC value=86.9%) among the four methods, followed by logistic regression (85.6%), support vector machine (81.2%), and frequency ratio (80.1%) approaches. However, Kappa index and other statistical inferences suggested the support vector machine approach to be the second-best method. Overall, we found that the artificial neural network yields more accurate and reliable results and hence considered as a promising approach for susceptibility mapping in high mountainous region of Hindu-Kush Himalaya. The findings of this study might be useful for landslide analysts, development planners and decision-makers in conducting LSM and development planning in high mountain regions.
C1 [Gautam, Pawan] Kyushu Univ, Agroenvironm Sci Dept, Lab Forest Conservat & Eros Control, Nishi Ku, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
   [Kubota, Tetsuya] Kyushu Univ, Fac Agr, Nishi Ku, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
   [Sapkota, Lok Mani] RECOFTC, Bangkok, Thailand.
   [Shinohara, Yoshinori] Univ Miyazaki, Fac Agr, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan.
   [Gautam, Pawan] Zool Soc London Nepal, Gulaf Marg,POB 5867, Kathmandu, Nepal.
C3 Kyushu University; Kyushu University; University of Miyazaki
RP Gautam, P (corresponding author), Kyushu Univ, Agroenvironm Sci Dept, Lab Forest Conservat & Eros Control, Nishi Ku, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.; Gautam, P (corresponding author), Zool Soc London Nepal, Gulaf Marg,POB 5867, Kathmandu, Nepal.
EM pawan.gtm@kyudai.jp
TC 40
Z9 42
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD MAY
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 9
AR 359
DI 10.1007/s12665-021-09650-2
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000733161800006
ER

PT J
AU Wang, X
   Li, SD
   Liu, HH
   Liu, L
   Zeng, S
   Tang, QM
AF Wang, Xiao
   Li, Shaoda
   Liu, Hanhu
   Liu, Liang
   Zeng, Sen
   Tang, Qimin
TI Landslide susceptibility assessment in Wenchuan County after the 5.12
   magnitude earthquake
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Landslides; Wenchuan; Susceptibility evaluation; Certainty factor;
   Random forest; Logistic regression
ID RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM; DATA MINING
   TECHNIQUES; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; DECISION TREE; RANDOM FOREST;
   PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GENETIC ALGORITHM; GIS
AB Wenchuan was designated as one of the earthquake-stricken areas after the 2008 5.12-magnitude Wenchuan earthquake. During the decade following the earthquake, many post-earthquake landslides have occurred, seriously threatening the property of the local population's lives and property. At present, there are few long-term spatiotemporal changes studies on landslides generated after the earthquake. The main aim of the present study is to use Landsat multi-period remote sensing image data, combined with post-earthquake landslide interpretation point data, to extract landslide point information from 2011, 2014, and 2018 to analyze the spatial evolution of landslides and define reliable susceptibility models for landslides in 2018 using an assessed certainty factor (CF), an integrated CF with random forest (RF), and an integrated CF with logistic regression (LR). The area under cure (AUC) was used to test the accuracy of the three models and obtain the most reflective susceptibility map. The results show that the RF-CF model produced the optimal result in terms of its AUC value (0.84). Over the past decade, the high-density area has become more concentrated than that of other grades and its coverage small, and its proportion has gradually decreased; the proportion of landslides in low-density areas has been increasing, and its distribution has become more concentrated. These research results fill the gap in the study of temporal and spatial changes in landslides after an earthquake and provide a scientific basis for disaster management and prediction in landslide-prone areas such as Wenchuan.
C1 [Wang, Xiao; Li, Shaoda; Liu, Hanhu; Liu, Liang; Zeng, Sen] Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Earth Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Zeng, Sen] Dept Nat Resources Sichuan Prov, Informat Ctr, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China.
   [Tang, Qimin] Guangzhou HuaKe Environm Protect Engn Co Ltd, Emergency Ctr, Guangzhou 510655, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Li, SD (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Coll Earth Sci, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM lisd@cdut.edu.cn
TC 16
Z9 18
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD JUL
PY 2021
VL 80
IS 7
BP 5369
EP 5390
DI 10.1007/s10064-021-02280-9
EA MAY 2021
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000651716800002
ER

PT J
AU Huang, L
   Xiang, LY
AF Huang, Lu
   Xiang, Lu-yang
TI Method for Meteorological Early Warning of Precipitation-Induced
   Landslides Based on Deep Neural Network
SO NEURAL PROCESSING LETTERS
DT Article
DE Deep neural network; Landslide; Meteorological early warning; Softmax;
   Wenchuan
ID SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; BELIEF NETWORKS; MODEL
AB The meteorological early warning model of precipitation-induced landslides is a significant yet challenging task, due to the complexity and uncertainty of various influence factors. Generally, the existing machine learning methods have the drawbacks of poor learning ability and weak capability of feature extraction. Inspired by deep learning technology, we propose a deep belief network (DBN) approach with Softmax classifier and Dropout mechanism for meteorological early warning of precipitation-induced landslides to overcome these problems. With the powerful nonlinear mapping ability of DBN when training a large number of sample data, we use the greedy unsupervised learning algorithm of DBN to extract the intrinsic characteristics of landslide factors. Then, to further improve prediction accuracy of landslides, the Softmax classifier is added to the top layer of DBN neural network. Moreover, the Dropout mechanism is introduced in the training process to reduce the prediction error caused by the over-fitting phenomena. Taking Wenchuan earthquake affected area for example, after analysis of the factors influencing landslide disasters, the meteorological early warning model of landslides based on Dropout DBN-Softmax is established. Compared with the existing BP neural network algorithm and BP algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO-BP) algorithm, the experimental results show that the new approach proposed has the advantages of higher accuracy and better technological performances than the former algorithms.
C1 [Huang, Lu] Hubei Bur Surveying Mapping & Geoinformat, Hubei Surveying Mapping Engn Inst, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Xiang, Lu-yang] China Shipbldg Ind Corp, Res Inst 709, Dept Engn, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China.
C3 China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation
RP Huang, L (corresponding author), Hubei Bur Surveying Mapping & Geoinformat, Hubei Surveying Mapping Engn Inst, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China.
EM huanglu213@163.com
TC 35
Z9 41
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1370-4621
EI 1573-773X
PD OCT
PY 2018
VL 48
IS 2
SI SI
BP 1243
EP 1260
DI 10.1007/s11063-017-9778-0
SC Computer Science
UT WOS:000446501500032
ER

PT J
AU Lombardo, L
   Bakka, H
   Tanyas, H
   van Westen, C
   Mai, PM
   Huser, R
AF Lombardo, Luigi
   Bakka, Haakon
   Tanyas, Hakan
   van Westen, Cees
   Mai, P. Martin
   Huser, Raphael
TI Geostatistical Modeling to Capture Seismic-Shaking Patterns From
   Earthquake-Induced Landslides
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
DT Article
DE Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA); landslide
   susceptibility; landslide intensity; slope unit; spatial point pattern;
   Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes
ID BINARY LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; EVENTS APPLICATION; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE;
   NEW-ZEALAND; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFERENCE; FAULT; RESOLUTION
AB We investigate earthquake-induced landslides using a geostatistical model featuring a latent spatial effect (LSE). The LSE represents the spatially structured residuals in the data, which remain after adjusting for covariate effects. To determine whether the LSE captures the residual signal from a given trigger, we test the LSE in reproducing the pattern of seismic shaking from the distribution of seismically induced landslides, without prior knowledge of the earthquake being included in the model. We assessed the landslide intensity, that is, the expected number of landslides per mapping unit, for the area in which landslides triggered by the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes overlap. We examined this area to test our method on landslide inventories located in near and far fields of the earthquake. We generated three models for both earthquakes: (i) seismic parameters only (proxy for the trigger); (ii) the LSE only; and (iii) both seismic parameters and the LSE. The three configurations share the same morphometric covariates. This allowed us to study the LSE pattern and assess whether it approximated the seismic effects. Our results show that the LSE reproduced the shaking patterns for both earthquakes. In addition, the models including the LSE perform better than conventional models featuring seismic parameters only. Due to computational limitations we carried out a detailed analysis for a relatively small area (2,112 km(2)), using a data set with higher spatial resolution. Results were consistent with those of a subsequent analysis for a larger area (14,648 km(2)) using coarser-resolution data.
C1 [Lombardo, Luigi; Tanyas, Hakan; van Westen, Cees] Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
   [Bakka, Haakon; Huser, Raphael] KAUST, Comp Elect & Math Sci & Engn CEMSE Div, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
   [Mai, P. Martin] KAUST, Phys Sci & Engn PSE Div, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
C3 University of Twente; King Abdullah University of Science & Technology;
   King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
RP Lombardo, L (corresponding author), Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands.
EM l.lombardo@utwente.nl
TC 59
Z9 64
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9003
EI 2169-9011
PD JUL
PY 2019
VL 124
IS 7
BP 1958
EP 1980
DI 10.1029/2019JF005056
SC Geology
UT WOS:000481444100017
ER

PT J
AU Huang, JP
   Zhang, ZZ
   Ling, SX
   Shi, GM
   Zhang, YY
   Chen, K
AF Huang, Junpeng
   Zhang, Zizhao
   Ling, Sixiang
   Shi, Guangming
   Zhang, Yanyang
   Chen, Kai
TI Landslide susceptibility mapping using advanced ensemble learning
   techniques integrating a reduced error pruning tree
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Reduced error pruning tree; Ensemble learning;
   Hybrid model; Random committee; Overfitting
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; SPATIAL PREDICTION;
   ROTATION FOREST; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; FREQUENCY
   RATIO; HYBRID APPROACH; AREA; MODELS
AB Landslide susceptibility mapping plays a vital role in disaster risk reduction, urban planning, and infrastructure protection, particularly in mountainous regions like the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. However, conventional machine learning models often suffer from overfitting and limited generalization capacity due to insufficient feature diversity and modelling strategies. Therefore, this study proposes three novel hybrid models that integrate ensemble learning algorithms (bagging (Ba), random committee (RC), and rotation forest (RoF)) with the reduced error pruning tree (REPT) classifier to assess landslide susceptibility in Dujiangyan city, China. Initially, a geospatial database of the study area was prepared that included 1275 landslide events that were divided into training (70 %) and testing (30 %) datasets and 13 landslide conditioning factors. Then, the selection of landslide conditioning factors was evaluated using information gain. Finally, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and statistical indices were used to evaluate and validate the performance of the models. The results reveal that the slope angle, lithology, and peak ground acceleration are the most important parameters influencing landside occurrence. The Ba-REPT model achieved the highest AUC (0.857) and highest accuracy (78.66 %), followed by the RoF-REPT (AUC = 0.851, accuracy = 77.49 %), RC-REPT (AUC = 0.849, accuracy = 77.36 %), and REPT (AUC = 0.819, accuracy = 77.09 %) models. Moreover, performance differences between training and testing sets were relatively small, indicating that overfitting was effectively mitigated through preprocessing, feature selection, and algorithm optimization. High and very high susceptibility zones, covering 20.13 % similar to 24.30 % of the area, were primarily concentrated in regions with steep slopes, fragile lithology, high PGA, and proximity to active faults. The resulting susceptibility maps provide spatially explicit support for disaster prevention, early warning, and land-use policy-making. (c) 2025 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
C1 [Huang, Junpeng; Zhang, Zizhao; Shi, Guangming; Zhang, Yanyang; Chen, Kai] Xinjiang Univ, Sch Geol & Min Engn, Urumqi 830017, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Junpeng; Zhang, Zizhao; Shi, Guangming; Zhang, Yanyang; Chen, Kai] Xinjiang Univ, State Key Lab Geomech & Deep Underground Engn, Urumqi 830017, Peoples R China.
   [Ling, Sixiang] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Fac Geosci & Engn, Chengdu 61175, Peoples R China.
C3 Xinjiang University; Xinjiang University; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Zhang, ZZ (corresponding author), 777 Huarui St,Shuimogou Zone, Urumqi 830017, Peoples R China.
EM huangjunpeng@xju.edu.cn; zhangzizhao@xju.edu.cn
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
EI 1879-1948
PD NOV 1
PY 2025
VL 76
IS 9
BP 5102
EP 5125
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.014
EA OCT 2025
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
UT WOS:001590672500009
ER

PT J
AU Wu, RA
   Zhang, YS
   Guo, CB
   Yang, ZH
   Ren, SS
   Tong, B
AF Wu, Ruian
   Zhang, Yongshuang
   Guo, Changbao
   Yang, Zhihua
   Ren, Sanshao
   Tong, Bin
TI Reactivation characteristics and dynamic hazard prediction of an ancient
   landslide in the east margin of Tibetan Plateau
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Ancient landslide; Landslide hazard prediction; Reactivation
   characteristic; Landslide stability; East margin of Tibetan Plateau
ID MODEL; ALPS; EARTHQUAKE; AVALANCHES; MOTION
AB The increasing human engineering activities and frequent extreme weather events have caused extensive reactivation of ancient landslides, which are widely developed in the east margin of Tibetan Plateau. The Shangyaogou landslide, as a typical ancient landslide example in this area, was investigated to reveal the reactivation characteristics, and its stability was calculated under the continuous rainfall condition with the intensity 30 mm/day using the finite element software Geo-Studio. The whole movement process and hazard prediction under the different triggering conditions were simulated using the numerical software DAN3D. The study results showed that: (1) under the joint influence of Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, toe erosion and intensive rainfall, multi-stage deformations occurred to the front part of the Shangyaogou landslide in multiple periods and also indicated a significant potential instability; (2) under the continuous rainfall condition, when the single effective total infiltration reached about 65 mm, the reactivation part will become unstable. While the single effective total infiltration reached about 120 mm, both reactivation part and posterior part became instability; (3) the maximum run-out distance of the reactivation part was calculated to be 350 m, and the forefront of the accumulation deposit would not reach the residential area; When both parts failed simultaneously, the maximum run-out distance was calculated to be 550 m by considering the thickness and dynamic energy of the accumulation deposits, and the vulnerable elements inside the fan area with radius of 150 m would be severely threatened; (4) abundant earthquake-triggered landslides have been developing in history or in recent years in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. Some of them have been partly reactivated due to the increasing human engineering activities and extreme rainfall events, and they have a potential for further deformation and failure. The presented study methods can provide guidance for local disaster prevention and mitigation, and can be used as a reference for the hazard prediction of the similar ancient landslides which have been reactivated.
C1 [Wu, Ruian; Guo, Changbao; Yang, Zhihua; Ren, Sanshao] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yongshuang] China Geol Survey, Tianjin Ctr, Tianjin 300170, Peoples R China.
   [Tong, Bin] China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; China
   Geological Survey; Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey
RP Zhang, YS (corresponding author), China Geol Survey, Tianjin Ctr, Tianjin 300170, Peoples R China.
EM zhys100@hotmail.com
TC 13
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD AUG
PY 2018
VL 77
IS 16
AR 573
DI 10.1007/s12665-018-7741-7
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000442086300004
ER

PT J
AU Amatya, P
   Scheip, C
   Déprez, A
   Malet, JP
   Slaughter, SL
   Handwerger, AL
   Emberson, R
   Kirschbaum, D
   Jean-Baptiste, J
   Huang, MH
   Clark, MK
   Zekkos, D
   Huang, JR
   Pacini, F
   Boissier, E
AF Amatya, Pukar
   Scheip, Corey
   Deprez, Aline
   Malet, Jean-Philippe
   Slaughter, Stephen L.
   Handwerger, Alexander L.
   Emberson, Robert
   Kirschbaum, Dalia
   Jean-Baptiste, Julien
   Huang, Mong-Han
   Clark, Marin K.
   Zekkos, Dimitrios
   Huang, Jhih-Rou
   Pacini, Fabrizio
   Boissier, Enguerran
TI Learnings from rapid response efforts to remotely detect landslides
   triggered by the August 2021 Nippes earthquake and Tropical Storm Grace
   in Haiti
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE 2021 Nippes earthquake; Tropical Storm Grace; Haiti; Landslides; Rapid
   response; Satellite imagery
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; 7.8 GORKHA EARTHQUAKE; OBJECT-BASED APPROACH;
   OPTICAL IMAGERY; RADAR DATA; INVENTORIES; RAINFALL; HAZARD; MODEL; MAPS
AB On August 14, 2021, a Mw 7.2 earthquake struck the Tiburon Peninsula of western Haiti triggering thousands of landslides. Three days after the earthquake on August 17, 2021, Tropical Storm Grace crossed shallow waters offshore of southern Haiti triggering more landslides worsening the situation. In the aftermath of these events, several organizations with disaster response capabilities or programs activated to provide information on the location of landslides to first responders on the ground. Utilizing remote sensing to support rapid response, one organization manually mapped initiation point of landslides and three automatically detected landslides. The 2021 Haiti event also provided a unique opportunity to test different automated landslide detection methods that utilized both SAR and optical data in a rapid response scenario where rapid situational awareness was critical. As the methods used are highly replicable, the main goal of this study is to summarize the landslide rapid response products released by the organizations, detection methods, quantify accuracy and provide guidelines on how some of the shortcomings encountered in this effort might be addressed in the future. To support this validation, a manually mapped polygon-based landslide inventory covering the entire affected area was created and is also released through this effort.
C1 [Amatya, Pukar; Emberson, Robert] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GESTAR II, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
   [Amatya, Pukar; Emberson, Robert] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Scheip, Corey] BGC Engn, Golden, CO USA.
   [Deprez, Aline; Malet, Jean-Philippe; Jean-Baptiste, Julien] Univ Strasbourg, Sch & Observ Earth Sci EOST, CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
   [Malet, Jean-Philippe] Univ Strasbourg, Inst Earth & Environm Strasbourg ITES, CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
   [Slaughter, Stephen L.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA.
   [Handwerger, Alexander L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
   [Handwerger, Alexander L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   [Kirschbaum, Dalia] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD USA.
   [Huang, Mong-Han] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD USA.
   [Clark, Marin K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
   [Zekkos, Dimitrios; Huang, Jhih-Rou] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA USA.
   [Pacini, Fabrizio; Boissier, Enguerran] Terradue Srl, Rome, Italy.
C3 University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County;
   National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space
   Flight Center; Universites de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes;
   Universite de Strasbourg; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
   (CNRS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universites
   de Strasbourg Etablissements Associes; Universite de Strasbourg; United
   States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey;
   National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Jet Propulsion
   Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology; University of
   California System; University of California Los Angeles; National
   Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight
   Center; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College
   Park; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University
   of California System; University of California Berkeley
RP Amatya, P (corresponding author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GESTAR II, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.; Amatya, P (corresponding author), NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM pukar.m.amatya@nasa.gov
TC 5
Z9 6
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD SEP
PY 2023
VL 118
IS 3
BP 2337
EP 2375
DI 10.1007/s11069-023-06096-6
EA JUL 2023
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:001034605700001
ER

PT J
AU Li, GK
   West, AJ
   Jin, ZD
   Qiu, HR
   Zhang, F
   Wang, J
   Hammond, DE
   Densmore, AL
   Hilton, RG
   Dong, SJ
   Atwood, A
   Fischer, WW
   Lamb, MP
AF Li, Gen K.
   West, A. Joshua
   Jin, Zhangdong
   Qiu, Hongrui
   Zhang, Fei
   Wang, Jin
   Hammond, Douglas E.
   Densmore, Alexander L.
   Hilton, Robert G.
   Dong, Sijia
   Atwood, Abra
   Fischer, Woodward W.
   Lamb, Michael P.
TI Large riverbed sediment flux sustained for a decade after an earthquake
SO NATURE
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; VEGETATION RECOVERY; INDUCED LANDSLIDES;
   BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; EVACUATION; EROSION; MASS; INSIGHTS; BUDGET; RATES
AB Large earthquakes induce widespread landslides that fill river channels with sediment(1,2), generating long-lasting fluvial hazards and reshaping mountain topography. However, riverine sediment fluxes after earthquakes remain poorly resolved, mostly because of a lack of data on bedload flux(3,4). Here we construct a source-to-sink sediment budget following the 2008 M(w)7.9 (where M-w is the moment magnitude) Wenchuan earthquake in the eastern Tibetan mountains. We measured sediment accumulation in a man-made reservoir downstream of the earthquake-affected region. Ten years after the earthquake, the Min Jiang River had exported about 9% of the sediment mass from earthquake-triggered landslides, with around 5.7 times increase in the total riverine sediment flux sustained over that time. Bedload flux increased by 27.4-15.6+14.6% times compared with pre-earthquake levels, making up 65-26+12% of the post-earthquake sediment export-a proportion much higher than typical of most mountainous rivers. At the current pace, the river system will remove most Wenchuan landslide debris over centennial timescales. However, future sediment export rates are likely to vary because of changes on hillslopes (for example, revegetation) and in hydrology, sediment characteristics and transport processes. Our findings demonstrate a decadal bedload-dominated sediment pulse driven by earthquake-triggered landslides, suggesting that increased vulnerability to cascading hazards such as aggradation and flooding could persist for decades in populated downstream regions after a large earthquake. Bedload can dominate river sediment flux after a major earthquake for a prolonged time period.
C1 [Li, Gen K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Li, Gen K.; West, A. Joshua; Hammond, Douglas E.; Dong, Sijia; Atwood, Abra] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA.
   [Li, Gen K.; Dong, Sijia; Fischer, Woodward W.; Lamb, Michael P.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   [Jin, Zhangdong; Zhang, Fei; Wang, Jin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess Sci, Xian, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Zhangdong] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Zhangdong; Wang, Jin] Changan Univ, Dept Geog, Xian, Peoples R China.
   [Qiu, Hongrui] China Univ Geosci, Sch Geophys & Geomat, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Fei] Ludong Univ, Inst Adv Study Coastal Ecol, Yantai, Peoples R China.
   [Densmore, Alexander L.] DurhamUniv, Inst Hazard Risk & Resilience, Durham, England.
   Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham, England.
   [Hilton, Robert G.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, South Parks Rd, Oxford, England.
   [Dong, Sijia] Nanjing Univ, Sch Sustainable Energy & Resources, Suzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Atwood, Abra] Woodwell Climate Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA.
C3 University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara;
   University of Southern California; California Institute of Technology;
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Environment, CAS; Xi'an
   Jiaotong University; Chang'an University; China University of
   Geosciences; Ludong University; Durham University; University of Oxford;
   Nanjing University
RP Li, GK (corresponding author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; Li, GK (corresponding author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA.; Li, GK (corresponding author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM ligen@ucsb.edu
TC 1
Z9 1
PU NATURE PORTFOLIO
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, BERLIN, 14197, GERMANY
SN 0028-0836
EI 1476-4687
PD AUG 1
PY 2025
VL 644
IS 8076
DI 10.1038/s41586-025-09354-8
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
UT WOS:001577134100019
ER

PT J
AU Francis, OR
   Hales, TC
   Hobley, DEJ
   Fan, XM
   Horton, AJ
   Scaringi, G
   Huang, RQ
AF Francis, Oliver R.
   Hales, Tristram C.
   Hobley, Daniel E. J.
   Fan, Xuanmei
   Horton, Alexander J.
   Scaringi, Gianvito
   Huang, Runqiu
TI The impact of earthquakes on orogen-scale exhumation
SO EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
DT Article
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LOWER CRUSTAL FLOW; INDUCED LANDSLIDES;
   TIBETAN-PLATEAU; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; RUPTURE LENGTH; SEISMIC HAZARD;
   ISOSTASY CANT; EROSION RATES; ALPINE FAULT
AB Individual, large thrusting earthquakes can cause hundreds to thousands of years of exhumation in a geologically instantaneous moment through landslide generation. The bedrock landslides generated are important weathering agents through the conversion of bedrock into mobile regolith. Despite this, orogen-scale records of surface uplift and exhumation, whether sedimentary or geochemical, contain little to no evidence of individual large earthquakes. We examine how earthquakes and landslides influence exhumation and surface uplift rates with a zero-dimensional numerical model, supported by observations from the 2008 M-w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. We also simulate the concentration of cosmogenic radionuclides within the model domain, so we can examine the timescales over which earthquake-driven changes in exhumation can be measured. Our model uses empirically constrained relationships between seismic energy release, weathering, and landsliding volumes to show that large earthquakes generate the most surface uplift, despite causing lowering of the bedrock surface. Our model suggests that when earthquakes are the dominant rock uplift process in an orogen, rapid surface uplift can occur when regolith, which limits bedrock weathering, is preserved on the mountain range. After a large earthquake, there is a lowering in concentrations of Be-10 in regolith leaving the orogen, but the concentrations return to the long-term average within 10(3) years. The timescale of the seismically induced cosmogenic nuclide concentration signal is shorter than the averaging time of most thermochronometers (> 10(3) years). However, our model suggests that the short-term stochastic feedbacks between weathering and exhumation produce measurable increases in cosmogenically measured exhumation rates which can be linked to earthquakes.
C1 [Francis, Oliver R.; Hales, Tristram C.; Hobley, Daniel E. J.; Horton, Alexander J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
   [Francis, Oliver R.; Hales, Tristram C.] Cardiff Univ, Sustainable Pl Res Inst, 33 Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3BA, Wales.
   [Fan, Xuanmei; Huang, Runqiu] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Scaringi, Gianvito] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Inst Hydrogeol Engn Geol & Appl Geophys, Albertov 6, Prague 12846 2, Czech Republic.
C3 Cardiff University; Cardiff University; Chengdu University of
   Technology; Charles University Prague
RP Francis, OR (corresponding author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.; Francis, OR (corresponding author), Cardiff Univ, Sustainable Pl Res Inst, 33 Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3BA, Wales.
EM franciso1@cardiff.ac.uk
TC 9
Z9 9
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 2196-6311
EI 2196-632X
PD JUL 8
PY 2020
VL 8
IS 3
BP 579
EP 593
DI 10.5194/esurf-8-579-2020
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000548521500001
ER

PT J
AU Lei, M
   Xu, ZX
   Zhao, T
   Wang, XK
AF Lei Ming
   Xu Ze-xing
   Zhao Tao
   Wang Xie-kang
TI Dynamics of loose granular flow and its subsequent deposition in a
   narrow mountainous river
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Loose debris materials; Sediment supply; CFD-DEM coupling method;
   Numerical simulations
ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LONGCHI AREA; CFD-DEM;
   LANDSLIDE; IMPACT; SLOPE; MODEL
AB A large amount of loose debris materials were deposited on the slope of mountainous areas after the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. During and after the earthquake, these loose debris deposits collapsed and slide into valleys or rivers, changing river sediment supply condition and channel morphology. To investigate the mechanisms of granular flow and deposition, the dynamics of slope failure and sediment transportation in typical mountainous rivers of different intersection angles were analyzed with a coupling model of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM). The numerical results show that the change of intersection angle between the granular flow flume and the river channel can affect the deposit geometry and the fluid flow field significantly. As the intersection angle increases, the granular velocity perpendicular to the river channel increases, while the granular velocity parallel to the river channel decreases gradually. Compared to the test of dry granular flow, the CFD-DEM coupling tests show much higher granular velocity and larger volume of sediments entrained in the river. Due to the river flow, particles located at the edge of the deposition will move downstream gradually and the main section of sediments deposition moves from the center to the edge of the river channel. As a result, sediment supply in the downstream river will distribute unevenly. Under the erosion of fluid flow, the proportion of fine particles increases, while the proportion of coarse particles decreases gradually in the sediment deposition. The build-up of accumulated sediment mass will cause a significant increase in water level in the river channel, thus creating serious flooding hazard in mountainous rivers.
C1 [Lei Ming; Xu Ze-xing; Zhao Tao; Wang Xie-kang] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University
RP Wang, XK (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM 350214993@qq.com; 273888879@qq.com; zhaotao@scu.edu.cn;
   wangxiekang@scu.edu.cn
TC 15
Z9 17
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD JUN
PY 2019
VL 16
IS 6
BP 1367
EP 1380
DI 10.1007/s11629-018-5080-5
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000471607300011
ER

PT J
AU Wu, Z
   Zhang, HW
AF Wu, Zhen
   Zhang, Huiwen
TI Numerical Study on the Influence of Block Physical Characteristics on
   Landslide Migration Using Three-Dimensional Discontinuous Deformation
   Analysis
SO SUSTAINABILITY
DT Article
DE discontinuous deformation analysis; landslide; block; velocity; physical
   characteristics
ID TO-FACE CONTACT; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SIMULATION; MECHANISMS;
   PARAMETERS; DDA; RESTITUTION; VALIDATION; PLATEAU; MODEL
AB The physical characteristics of blocks have an important impact on the migration and deposition in landslides, so the damage of landslides to the surrounding environment often has great uncertainty. To explore how the physical properties of blocks affect the landslide movement, we used Compaq Visual Fortran software with a DDA program to simulate the movement of a block landslide in our study. The velocity and location changes of two types of blocks (triangular and square blocks) were simulated by comparison. The contents of the simulation included the following points: (1) the influence of block density and weight on migration, (2) the influence of the elastic-slip characteristics and spring penalty coefficient on velocity, and (3) interaction between block vertices and the sliding surface. The results showed how the shape and physical properties of the blocks affect the migration of those blocks. Although the triangular blocks appeared to be more stable than the square blocks, they only exhibited greater stability on the gentle slope. The weight and elastic modulus of the blocks could improve the velocity and destructive force, whereas the spring penalty coefficient between the blocks and the contact surface had an obscure effect on the velocity. However, the changes of the above three parameters all led to non-linear changes of velocity. The simulation results indicated that the blocks with different numbers of edges and surfaces had complex trajectories because of contact frequency and mobility. The results show that the physical properties of the blocks could be one of the factors that could ultimately change the displacement of landslides.
C1 [Wu, Zhen] China Earthquake Adm, Lanzhou Inst Seismol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Huiwen] Gansu Desert Control Res Inst, Natl Forest Germplasm Resource Bank Desert Plants, Lanzhou 733000, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Huiwen] Gansu Desert Control Res Inst, Postdoctoral Res Workstat, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Huiwen] Gansu Desert Control Res Inst, State Key Lab Breeding Base Desertificat & Aeolian, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration
RP Zhang, HW (corresponding author), Gansu Desert Control Res Inst, Natl Forest Germplasm Resource Bank Desert Plants, Lanzhou 733000, Peoples R China.; Zhang, HW (corresponding author), Gansu Desert Control Res Inst, Postdoctoral Res Workstat, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China.; Zhang, HW (corresponding author), Gansu Desert Control Res Inst, State Key Lab Breeding Base Desertificat & Aeolian, Lanzhou 730070, Peoples R China.
EM zhanghuiwen@lzb.ac.cn
TC 0
Z9 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2071-1050
PD FEB
PY 2023
VL 15
IS 4
AR 3463
DI 10.3390/su15043463
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000941443200001
ER

PT J
AU Peng, DL
   Xu, Q
   Liu, FZ
   He, YS
   Zhang, S
   Qi, X
   Zhao, KY
   Zhang, XL
AF Peng, Dalei
   Xu, Qiang
   Liu, Fangzhou
   He, Yusen
   Zhang, Shuai
   Qi, Xing
   Zhao, Kuanyao
   Zhang, Xianlin
TI Distribution and failure modes of the landslides in Heitai terrace,
   China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Loess; Landslide; Failure modes; Heifangtai
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS; LOESS
   PLATFORM; CLASSIFICATION; COLLAPSIBILITY; BEHAVIOR
AB Agricultural irrigation has increased the groundwater level in the Heitai terrace (part of the Heifangtai terrace) by 20 m over nearly five decades, which causes 3-5 landslides each year at the edge of the terrace. The Heitai terrace is of great interest in the study of loess-related landslides; but there is no unanimous agreement on the types of either the landslides in this study site or the loess-related slope failures in general. On the basis of aerial images (res. 5 cm), Digital Elevation Model (res. 10 cm), and field investigations, we analyzed the distribution and failure mode of the landslides in Heitai. The geological structure and characteristics of 69 landslides (vol. 5 x 10(3)-6 x 10(6) m(3)) are studied. The preliminary results of groundwater recharge in the terrace and formation of the apparent spring lines on the slope surface are analyzed to better understand the failure modes. We divided the landslides in Heitai into two groups based on the location of the failure surface, i.e. loess landslide and loess bedrock landslide, of which the development is governed by the angle between the principle direction of slope deformation and the dip of bedrock bedding. We further analyzed the failure mode of each type observed in Heitai, defined as follows: loess-bedrock planar slide, loess-bedrock irregular slide, loess flowslide, loess slide, and loess flow. The proposed types of loess-related landslide are to be incorporated in the Varnes classification (Vames, 1978) in consideration of the engineering properties of loess, and to provide backward compatibility for Heitai and potentially other regions in the Loess Plateau of China.
C1 [Peng, Dalei; Xu, Qiang; Qi, Xing; Zhao, Kuanyao; Zhang, Xianlin] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Fangzhou] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   [He, Yusen] Univ Iowa, Intelligent Syst Lab, Mech & Ind Engn, 2139 Seamans Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
   [Zhang, Shuai] Zhejiang Univ, MOE, Key Lab Soft Soils & Geoenvironm Engn, Zheda Rd 38, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; University System of Georgia; Georgia
   Institute of Technology; University of Iowa; Zhejiang University
RP Xu, Q (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM xq@cdut.edu.cn; fangzhou.liu@gatech.edu; yusen-he@uiowa.edu
TC 138
Z9 156
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAR 26
PY 2018
VL 236
SI SI
BP 97
EP 110
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.09.016
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000430028000011
ER

PT J
AU Song, J
   Lu, ZX
   Pan, YH
   Ji, J
   Gao, YF
AF Song, Jian
   Lu, Zhuxi
   Pan, Yuhang
   Ji, Jian
   Gao, Yufeng
TI Investigation of seismic displacements in bedding rock slopes by an
   extended Newmark sliding block model
SO LANDSLIDES
DT Article
DE Bedding rock slope; Newmark sliding block method; Shaking table test;
   Multi-slip mechanism
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SIMULATION; STABILITY; CALCULATE;
   MECHANISM; MOTION; SLIP
AB Earthquake-induced plane failure is typically generated on bedding rock slopes. This failure mode has been widely observed in the past earthquakes in Western China (e.g., Wenchuan earthquake). Among them, the multi-slip plane failure may occur with the presence of multiple bedding planes or internal discontinuities within the slopes. This study developed an extended Newmark sliding block model to investigate the multi-slip seismic displacements of the bedding rock slopes. The unified formulation is presented for seismic sliding analysis of bedding rock slopes with arbitrary numbers and inclinations of bedding planes. Both horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motions and the possible amplifications that may result from site and topographic effects are considered. The developed model is validated by the results from shaking table test. The multi-slip mechanism and the effects of dip angle of bedding planes and vertical ground motion are investigated. The results show that (1) the multi-slip failure evolution is different to that identified from the traditional method, indicating the significant interactions among the seismic sliding behavior associated with bedding planes. (2) The influence of the vertical component of ground motion on the multi-sliding displacement is within a range of 20%. (3) The dip angle of sliding planes has a large effect on the sliding displacement, even if the yield coefficient remains the same. Finally, the proposed method is used to evaluate the seismic displacement and performance of the Liujiawan landslide that was triggered in Wenchuan earthquake.
C1 [Song, Jian; Lu, Zhuxi; Pan, Yuhang; Ji, Jian; Gao, Yufeng] Hohai Univ, Key Lab Minist Educ Geomech & Embankment Engn, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
C3 Hohai University
RP Gao, YF (corresponding author), Hohai Univ, Key Lab Minist Educ Geomech & Embankment Engn, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
EM yfgao66@163.com
TC 17
Z9 20
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1612-510X
EI 1612-5118
PD MAR
PY 2024
VL 21
IS 3
BP 461
EP 477
DI 10.1007/s10346-023-02170-z
EA DEC 2023
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001114389900001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, J
   Lu, M
   Zhang, LL
   Xue, YD
AF Zhang, Jie
   Lu, Meng
   Zhang, Lulu
   Xue, Yadong
TI Assessing indirect economic losses of landslides along highways
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
DT Article
DE Landslides; Highways; Indirect losses; Gravity model; Dynamic
   input&#8211; output model
ID QUANTITATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL; TRANSPORTATION
   NETWORK; GRAVITY MODEL; IMPACT; RELIABILITY; ROAD; VULNERABILITY;
   SURFACES; FLOODS
AB Landslides along highways not only induce direct losses related to cost of replacement, repair or maintenance due to physical damage, but also induce indirect losses due to reduction in production in different sectors in an economic system. In this study, a method is suggested to assess the indirect losses of landslides along highways, where the impact of landslides on the transportation network is evaluated through the gravity model, and the output losses of different sectors are computed based on the dynamic input-output model. The suggested method is used to assess the indirect losses of landslides that occur along highways related to Yingxiu Town, Sichuan Province, China, which is the epicenter of the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake. It is found that the impact of a landslide hazard on different sectors is not the same depending on their dependence relationship with the transportation sector. The indirect losses of a landslide increase as the repair time increases and decrease as the transportation network becomes more robust. Also, the location of a landslide will affect the caused indirect losses, and the indirect losses will increase as the transportation network is attacked by more landslides. The suggested method provides a useful instrument for estimating the indirect losses of landslides along highways, which were seldom addressed in previous studies.
C1 [Zhang, Jie; Lu, Meng; Xue, Yadong] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Jie; Lu, Meng; Xue, Yadong] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Lulu] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Ocean Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Lulu] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University;
   Shanghai Jiao Tong University
RP Zhang, J (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.; Zhang, J (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM cezhangjie@tongji.edu.cn; lumeng@tongji.edu.cn; lulu_zhang@sjtu.edu.cn;
   yadongxue@tongji.edu.cn
TC 12
Z9 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA ONE NEW YORK PLAZA, SUITE 4600, NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES
SN 0921-030X
EI 1573-0840
PD APR
PY 2021
VL 106
IS 3
BP 2775
EP 2796
DI 10.1007/s11069-021-04566-3
EA FEB 2021
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000616602200007
ER

PT J
AU Li, WP
   Wen, DG
   Zhou, AG
   Sun, XM
   Meng, H
   Shi, JS
   Chen, ZY
   Zhang, LQ
   Feng, XM
   Liu, CL
   Zhou, JW
AF Li Wenpeng
   Wen Dongguang
   Zhou Aiguo
   Sun Xiaoming
   Meng Hui
   Shi Jusong
   Chen Zongyu
   Zhang Liqin
   Feng Xiaoming
   Liu Changli
   Zhou Jianwei
TI Assessment of Geological Security and Integrated Assessment
   Geo-environmental Suitability in Worst-hit Areas in Wenchuan Quake
SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION
DT Article
DE Wenchuan earthquake; geological security; carrying capacity of water and
   land resources; geo-environmental suitability
ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFORMATION-SYSTEM; HAZARD
AB The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and geo-hazards triggered by the earthquake caused large injuries and deaths as well as destructive damage for infrastructures like construction, traffic and electricity. It is urgent to select relatively secure areas for townships and cities constructed in high mountainous regions with high magnitude earthquakes. This paper presents the basic thoughts, evaluation indices and evaluation methods of geological security evaluation, water and land resources security demonstration and integrated assessments of geo-environmental suitability for reconstruction in alp and ravine with high magnitude earthquakes, which are applied in the worst-hit areas (12 counties). The integrated assessment shows that: (1) located in the Longmenshan fault zone, the evaluated area is of poor regional crust stability, in which the unstable and second unstable areas account for 79% of the total; (2) the geo-hazards susceptibility is high in the evaluation area. The spots of geo-hazards triggered by earthquake are mainly distributed along the active fault zone with higher distribution in the moderate and high mountains area, in which the areas of high and moderate susceptibility zoning accounts for 40.1% of the total; (3) geological security is poor in the evaluated area, in which the area of the unsuitable construction occupies 73.1%, whereas in the suitable construction area, the areas of geological security, second security and insecurity zoning account for 8.3%, 9.3% and 9.3% of the evaluated area respectively; (4) geo-environmental suitability is poor in the evaluated area, in which the areas of suitability and basic suitability zoning account for 3.5% and 7.3% of the whole evaluation area.
C1 [Li Wenpeng; Meng Hui] China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Wen Dongguang] China Geol Survey, Beijing 100037, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou Aiguo; Zhang Liqin; Zhou Jianwei] China Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Sun Xiaoming] Tianjin Geol Survey Ctr CGS, Tianjin 300170, Peoples R China.
   [Shi Jusong] Chinese Geol Acad, Geomech Inst, Beijing 100086, Peoples R China.
   [Feng Xiaoming] Nanjing Geol Survey Ctr CGS, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China.
   [Chen Zongyu; Liu Changli] CAGS, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, Shijiazhuang 050061, Peoples R China.
C3 China Geological Survey; China Geological Survey; Institute of
   Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; China Geological
   Survey; Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, Chinese
   Academy of Geological Sciences
RP Li, WP (corresponding author), China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM liwp@mail.cigem.gov.cn
TC 3
Z9 4
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1000-9515
EI 1755-6724
PY 2009
VL 83
IS 4
BP 816
EP 825
DI 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00104.x
SC Geology
UT WOS:000268027700014
ER

PT J
AU Bai, YZ
   Xu, C
AF Bai, Yuzhu
   Xu, Chong
TI Qualitative Analyses of Correlations between Strong Ground Motions of
   the Three Large Earthquakes and Landslide Distributions
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Lushan earthquake; Wenchuan earthquake; Jiuzhaigou earthquake;
   landslide; ground motions; engineering geology
ID JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE; RUPTURE PROCESS; 2008 WENCHUAN;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; CHINA;
   ATTENUATION; SICHUAN
AB In this work, the correlations between spatial distributions of landslide point density (LPD) and strong ground motions of the three strong earthquakes are qualitatively investigated. Meanwhile the qualitative relationship between the distribution of LPD and the fault rupture process is also characterized. Three strong events are the Lushan, Wenchuan, and Jiuzhaigou earthquakes. In order to reconstruct the near filed strong ground motions and the fault processes of these earthquakes, the broadband ground simulation method of University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) and the simplified crustal layer structures are applied. To show the rationality of the UCSB method, the fault slip distributions of the three earthquakes reconstructed by the kinematic rupture generator model in the UCSB method are compared with those by inversed. Furthermore, the validation of the UCSB method for the three earthquakes is also carried according to the validation exercise of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Broadband Platform (BBP). Lastly, the fields of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) in three mutually perpendicular directions of the three earthquakes are achieved. Generally, the landslide distribution length of large LPD values along the fault strike is less than the fault strike length. Therefore, the slip modes of earthquake faults affect the distributions of landslides. For the strike slip earthquakes, the distributions of large LPD values relate well to PGA and PGV components of the parallel and normal to the fault strike. For the reverse slip earthquakes, distributions of LPD relate to ground motion components in all directions. Moreover, distributions of landslides in near fields of earthquakes are significantly affected by the focus parameters and fault scales.
C1 [Bai, Yuzhu] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; Institute of Geology, CEA
RP Bai, YZ (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM yuzhubai2008@126.com
TC 15
Z9 15
PU CHINA UNIV GEOSCIENCES, WUHAN
PI WUHAN
PA 388 LIMO RD, WUHAN, CHINA MAINLAND 430074, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-487X
EI 1867-111X
PD APR
PY 2023
VL 34
IS 2
BP 369
EP 380
DI 10.1007/s12583-021-1496-x
SC Geology
UT WOS:000981674700009
ER

PT J
AU Li, HY
   Li, DP
   Yin, JF
   Sun, HQ
   Li, M
   Dai, CB
AF Li, Huanyu
   Li, Dongping
   Yin, Jingfei
   Sun, Haiqing
   Li, Min
   Dai, Chenbing
TI Comparative Study of Rapid Assessment Methods for Earthquake-Triggered
   Landslides Based on the Newmark Model-A Case Study of the 2022 Luding
   Ms6.8 Earthquake
SO APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
DT Article
DE earthquake-triggered landslides; rapid assessment; Luding Ms6.8
   earthquake; Newmark method; difference method; cumulative displacement
   method
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION;
   SEISMIC LANDSLIDES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SLOPE-FAILURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   HAZARDS; DISPLACEMENTS; PROBABILITY
AB Earthquake-triggered landslides represent a significant seismic-related disaster, posing threats to both the lives and property of individuals in affected areas. Furthermore, they can result in road and river blockages, as well as other secondary disasters, significantly impacting post-earthquake rescue efforts. Efficient, accurate, and rapid assessment of high-risk landslide zones carries important implications for decision making in disaster response and for mitigating potential secondary disasters. The high-intensity zones VII to IX of the Luding Ms6.8 earthquake on 5 September, 2022, were used as a case study here. Based on the simple Newmark model, the difference method and the cumulative displacement method were employed to assess earthquake-triggered landslides. The assessment results from both methods demonstrated that the areas posing an extremely high risk of earthquake-triggered landslides were predominantly situated on the western side of the Xianshuihe Fault. Verification using actual landslide data showed that both methods had high predictive accuracy, with the difference method slightly outperforming the cumulative displacement method. Moreover, this study recommends determining threshold values for each landslide risk interval having physical meanings using previous data on strong earthquakes when utilizing the difference method to assess the risk of earthquake-triggered landslides.
C1 [Li, Huanyu; Li, Dongping; Yin, Jingfei; Sun, Haiqing; Li, Min; Dai, Chenbing] Zhejiang Earthquake Agcy, Hangzhou 310013, Peoples R China.
RP Li, HY (corresponding author), Zhejiang Earthquake Agcy, Hangzhou 310013, Peoples R China.
EM lihuanyu@zjdz.gov.cn; lidongping@zjdz.gov.cn; 18072942779@163.com;
   shq5728@163.com; limin07891@163.com; dcbcdut@163.com
TC 1
Z9 1
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2076-3417
PD SEP
PY 2024
VL 14
IS 17
AR 7500
DI 10.3390/app14177500
SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
UT WOS:001311001500001
ER

PT J
AU Gan, BR
   Yang, XG
   Chen, ML
   Zhou, JW
AF Gan, Bin-rui
   Yang, Xing-guo
   Chen, Ming-liang
   Zhou, Jia-wen
TI Effects of fine particle content and sample scale on the failure
   properties of loose landslide deposits
SO ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide deposits; Failure properties; Discrete element method; Sample
   scale; Fine particle content; Mutation
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION;
   SHEAR-STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS; SATURATED SOIL; PORE-PRESSURE; MODEL;
   IMPACT; DAMS
AB A large amount of loose landslide deposits caused by a strong earthquake can cause several mountain disasters (slope failures, debris flows, and others) under heavy rainfall conditions. Loose landslide deposits are sensitive to water due to their special structural properties, such as loose structure and wide grading. There are complex conformational and mechanical responses of loose deposits, but the initial conditions and formation mechanisms of mountain disasters can be described by several different parameters. Among these parameters, the property of failure is one of the most important, and it is used to describe extremely dangerous situations for each kind of disaster. In this study, a two-dimensional particle flow code platform (PFC2D) was used to simulate the failure properties, and a laboratory test verified the validity of the numerical experiments. Different sample scales (S1, 150 x 300 mm; S2, 300 x 600 mm; S3, 600 x 1200 mm) and fine particle contents smaller than 5 mm (f-1, 20%; f-2, 30%; f-3, 40%) were considered. The simulation results show that failure stress increases with increasing sample scale or fine particle content under low confining pressure and decreases under high confining pressure. The tendency of failure stresses to vary mutates with different fine particle contents when the confining pressure changes. The mutation value of the confining pressure is 280 kPa. In addition, the phenomenon of strain softening becomes less obvious when the confining pressure increases.
C1 [Gan, Bin-rui; Zhou, Jia-wen] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Xing-guo; Chen, Ming-liang] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resource & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Sichuan University
RP Zhou, JW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM jwzhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 9
Z9 10
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1866-7511
EI 1866-7538
PD APR
PY 2018
VL 11
IS 7
AR 152
DI 10.1007/s12517-018-3481-y
SC Geology
UT WOS:000429743400008
ER

PT J
AU Du, GL
   Zhang, YS
   Zou, L
   Yang, ZH
   Yuan, Y
   Ren, SS
AF Du, Guoliang
   Zhang, Yongshuang
   Zou, Ling
   Yang, Zhihua
   Yuan, Ying
   Ren, Sanshao
TI Co-seismic landslide hazard assessment of the 2017 Ms 6.9 Milin
   earthquake, Tibet, China, combining the logistic regression-information
   value and Newmark displacement models
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Milin earthquake; Co-seismic landslides; Newmark; Logistic
   regression-information value; Hazard
ID ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; EASTERN HIMALAYAN SYNTAXIS;
   SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; MAINLING
   EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC LANDSLIDES; FREQUENCY RATIO;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY
AB On November 18, 2017, an Ms 6.9 earthquake struck Milin County, Linzhi City, Tibet, China, triggering a large number of co-seismic landslides. The epicenter was located at the end of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, an area with rapid uplift and strong tectonic rotation deformation. As co-seismic landslides are one of the most important hazard phenomena in hilly and seismically active mountainous regions, it is essential to accurately map the potentially hazardous areas. This study presents a novel model combining the logistic regression-information value (LRIV) and Newmark displacement model for landslide hazard assessment, following regional-scale mapping and occurrence probability evaluation in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis region. The combined LRIV-Newmark displacement model can comprehensively consider the geological and environmental factors of co-seismic landslides, including the mechanical landslide mechanism, local topography (slope aspect, elevation, and topographic relief), distance to main rivers, and difference between the hanging and foot walls of seismogenic faults. Based on the factor multicollinearity and the significance test, there was no multicollinearity among the six conditioning factors, and all factors significantly influenced the occurrence of co-seismic landslides. The results showed good model performance in the study area, with an area under the receiving operating characteristic curve of 0.955, which is a significant improvement over that of the Newmark displacement model alone. The combined model could facilitate co-seismic landslide disaster reduction and prevention in steep and mountainous regions.
C1 [Du, Guoliang; Zou, Ling; Yuan, Ying] Hebei GEO Univ, Sch Urban Geol & Engn, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, Peoples R China.
   [Du, Guoliang] Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Intelligent Detect & Equipment Undergroun, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, Peoples R China.
   [Du, Guoliang; Zou, Ling; Yuan, Ying] Hebei GEO Univ, Hebei Ctr Ecol & Environm Geol Res, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Yongshuang; Ren, Sanshao] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, Shijiazhuang 050061, Hebei, Peoples R China.
   [Zou, Ling; Yuan, Ying] Hebei Technol Innovat Ctr Intelligent Dev & Contr, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, Peoples R China.
   [Yang, Zhihua] Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 Hebei GEO University; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's
   Republic of China; Hebei GEO University; China Geological Survey;
   Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; Institute of Hydrogeology &
   Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; China
   Geological Survey; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of
   Geological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
RP Zhang, YS (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Hydrogeol & Environm Geol, Shijiazhuang 050061, Hebei, Peoples R China.
EM zhys100@hotmail.com; yangzh99@163.com; 275596117@qq.com;
   rensanshao123@163.com
TC 13
Z9 14
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD OCT
PY 2022
VL 81
IS 10
AR 446
DI 10.1007/s10064-022-02901-x
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000859908900003
ER

PT J
AU Shao, XY
   Ma, SY
   Xu, C
   Shen, LL
   Lu, YK
AF Shao, Xiaoyi
   Ma, Siyuan
   Xu, Chong
   Shen, Lingling
   Lu, Yongkun
TI Inventory, Distribution and Geometric Characteristics of Landslides in
   Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China
SO SUSTAINABILITY
DT Article
DE Baoshan; Yunnan province; Google Earth; spatial distribution; geometric
   characteristics; landslide susceptibility
ID EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CATASTROPHIC
   LANDSLIDES; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FATAL LANDSLIDES; 2013 MINXIAN;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; DATABASE; SICHUAN; MAPS
AB Inventorying landslides in mountainous areas is of great importance for prevention of geologic hazards. This study aimed to establish a detailed landslide inventory of Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China, based on a large set of high-resolution satellite images from Google Earth. The landslides of this region were divided into two groups, i.e., recent landslides and old landslides. The spatial distribution and geometric characteristics of the two kinds of landslides were analyzed, respectively. Results show that 2427 landslides are present in the study area, including 2144 recent landslides and 283 old landslides with a total area of 7.2 km(2) and 97.6 km(2), respectively. The recent landslides occurred primarily at steep slopes with higher elevation, while old landslides took place at gentle terrains. For the slope position, most landslides, whether old or recent, cluster near ridges. The lower boundary of the recent landslides is far away from the valley, while the accumulation area of the old landslide is closer to the valley. The H/L (height to length) ratios are basically the same for all landslides, ranging from 0.2 to 0.5. Old landslides have larger mobility, as their travel distances are longer than recent landslides at the same height. The results would be helpful for further understanding the development and spatial distribution of the landslides in Southwest China, and also provide essential support for the subsequent landslide susceptibility mapping and geologic hazard assessment in this area.
C1 [Shao, Xiaoyi; Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Shao, Xiaoyi; Ma, Siyuan; Xu, Chong] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
   [Shen, Lingling] Beijing Meteorol Serv, Beijing Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Yongkun] Yunnan Earthquake Agcy, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
C3 China Earthquake Administration; China Earthquake Administration;
   Institute of Geology, CEA; China Meteorological Administration; Beijing
   Meteorological Service, China Meteorological Administration; China
   Earthquake Administration; Yunnan Earthquake Agency, CEA
RP Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.; Xu, C (corresponding author), China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xuchong@ies.ac.cn
TC 18
Z9 27
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2071-1050
PD MAR 2
PY 2020
VL 12
IS 6
AR 2433
DI 10.3390/su12062433
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000523751400280
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, JW
   Huang, KX
   Shi, C
   Hao, MH
   Guo, CX
AF Zhou, Jia-wen
   Huang, Kang-xin
   Shi, Chong
   Hao, Ming-hui
   Guo, Chao-xu
TI Discrete element modeling of the mass movement and loose material
   supplying the gully process of a debris avalanche in the Bayi Gully,
   Southwest China
SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris avalanche; Mass movement; Loose material
   supplying the gully process; Discrete-element method; Dynamic process
ID TSAOLING LANDSLIDE; GRANULAR FLOWS; VELOCITY; INSIGHTS; EARTHQUAKE;
   ROCKSLIDE; TAIWAN; MOTION
AB The dynamic process of a debris avalanche in mountainous areas is influenced by the landslide volume, topographical conditions, mass-material composition, mechanical properties and other factors. A good understanding of the mass movement and loose material supplying the gully process is very important for understanding the dynamic properties of debris avalanches. Three-dimensional particle flow code (PFC3D) was used to simulate a debris avalanche in Quaternary deposits at the Bayi Gully, Southwest China. FORTRAN and AutoCAD were used for the secondary development to display the mass movement process and to quantitatively describe the mass movement and loose material supplying the gully process. The simulated results show that after the landslide is initiated, the gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy with a variation velocity for the sliding masses. Two stages exist for the average-movement velocity: the acceleration stage and the slowdown stage, which are influenced by the topographical conditions. For the loose materials supplying the gully process, the cumulative volume of the sliding masses into the gully gradually increases over the time. When the landslide volume is not large enough, the increasing landslide volume does not obviously influence the movement process of the sliding masses. The travel distance and movement velocity increase with the decreasing numerical parameters, and the mass-movement process is finished more quickly using low-value parameters. The deposition area of the sliding masses decreases with the increasing numerical parameters and the corresponding deposition thickness increases. The mass movement of the debris avalanche is not only influenced by the mechanical parameters but is also controlled by the topographical conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhou, Jia-wen] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Kang-xin; Hao, Ming-hui] Sichuan Univ, Coll Water Resources & Hydropower, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Chong] Hohai Univ, Key Lab Minist Educ Geomechan & Embankment Engn, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China.
   [Guo, Chao-xu] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Processes, Chengdu 610044, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Hohai University; Chinese
   Academy of Sciences
RP Zhou, JW (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM jwzhou@scu.edu.cn
TC 43
Z9 51
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1367-9120
EI 1878-5786
PD MAR 1
PY 2015
VL 99
BP 95
EP 111
DI 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.12.008
SC Geology
UT WOS:000349880800008
ER

PT J
AU Jin, JC
   Chen, G
   Meng, XM
   Zhang, Y
   Shi, W
   Li, YX
   Yang, YP
   Jiang, WY
AF Jin, Jiacheng
   Chen, Guan
   Meng, Xingmin
   Zhang, Yi
   Shi, Wei
   Li, Yuanxi
   Yang, Yunpeng
   Jiang, Wanyu
TI Prediction of river damming susceptibility by landslides based on a
   logistic regression model and InSAR techniques: A case study of the
   Bailong River Basin, China
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Active landslides; Unstable slopes; Logistic regression; Time series
   InSAR; River damming susceptibility; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DAMS; INTERFEROMETRY; BEHAVIOR; MOBILITY; FEATURES;
   FAILURE; RATIO
AB Although a fundamental part of landslide dam risk management, the evaluation of the spatial probability of dam formation is a challenging problem. In this study, we developed a new method for evaluating the river damming susceptibility of active landslides and unstable slopes (ALUSs), which combines a logistic regression model with time series Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques. The approach is applied in the Bailong River Basin, on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. We established a primary assessment model using historical damming and non-damming landslide data based on a logistic regression model. Jack-knife analysis showed that the most significant factors controlling river damming susceptibility were valley width, landslide volume, internal relief, and river discharge, in order of decreasing significance. Seventy ALUSs were detected by the InSAR technique and their volumes were predicted using a Volume-Area empirical power-law relationship. The river damming susceptibility of these instabilities was assessed and the results show that 18 of them have a high or very high probability of river damming. Four active landslides with volumes > 10(7) m(3) were found to be prone to forming complete blockage conditions, as identified by the Morphological Obstruction Index (MOI). The predictive ability of the methodology was tested using two recent river damming cases and the prediction results were in good agreement with reality. Our approach can potentially help in the early identification and hazard assessment of landslide damming in the Bailong River Basin and similar alpine areas.
C1 [Jin, Jiacheng; Chen, Guan; Meng, Xingmin; Zhang, Yi; Shi, Wei; Li, Yuanxi; Yang, Yunpeng; Jiang, Wanyu] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, MOE Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Jiacheng; Chen, Guan; Meng, Xingmin; Zhang, Yi; Shi, Wei; Li, Yuanxi; Yang, Yunpeng; Jiang, Wanyu] Lanzhou Univ, Technol & Innovat Ctr Environm Geol & Geohazards, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Lanzhou University
RP Chen, G (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Sch Earth Sci, MOE Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM gchen@lzu.edu.cn
TC 43
Z9 47
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD MAR 20
PY 2022
VL 299
AR 106562
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106562
EA FEB 2022
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000793662100002
ER

PT J
AU Shi, ZM
   Zhang, GD
   Peng, M
   Zhang, QZ
   Zhou, YY
   Zhou, MJ
AF Shi, Zhenming
   Zhang, Gongding
   Peng, Ming
   Zhang, Qingzhao
   Zhou, Yuanyuan
   Zhou, Mingjun
TI Experimental Investigation on the Breaching Process of Landslide Dams
   with Differing Materials under Different Inflow Conditions
SO MATERIALS
DT Article
DE landslide dam; dam material; breaching process; outflow discharge;
   erosion resistance
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; FLOW; SIMULATION; EROSION; BREAK; ERODIBILITY;
   STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; SICHUAN
AB Landslide dams are dangerous because the outburst floods produced by dam failures seriously threaten life and property downstream. In this study, a series of physical flume tests were conducted to investigate the breaching process of landslide dams with fine-grained, well graded, and coarse-grained material under different inflow conditions. The effects of dam material and inflow discharge on the breach development, outflow discharge and erosion characteristics were studied. The erosion resistance of materials and lateral collapses were also discussed. Experimental results reveal that the whole breaching process is determined by the water-sediment interaction. For the fine-grained dams, a general constant downstream slope angle is maintained during the breaching process. For the well-graded dams, a step-pool structure is generated due to the scarp erosion. For the coarse-grained dams, they can remain stable under normal circumstances but fail by overtopping in a short duration under the extreme inflow condition. The final breach of the dam with higher fine content or larger inflow discharge is deeper and narrower. In addition, many fluctuations are observed in the changing curve of the erosion rates along the flow direction for the well-graded and coarse-grained dams. The erosion resistance of materials increases along the flow direction, which needs to be further considered in physically based breach models. Furthermore, the lateral collapse is affected by the dam material instead of inflow discharge. The lower fine content causes more lateral collapses with smaller volumes.
C1 [Shi, Zhenming; Zhang, Gongding; Peng, Ming; Zhang, Qingzhao; Zhou, Yuanyuan; Zhou, Mingjun] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
   [Shi, Zhenming; Zhang, Gongding; Peng, Ming; Zhang, Qingzhao; Zhou, Yuanyuan; Zhou, Mingjun] Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
C3 Tongji University; Tongji University
RP Peng, M (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.; Peng, M (corresponding author), Tongji Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Dept Geotech Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
EM 94026@tongji.edu.cn; 1810039@tongji.edu.cn; pengming@tongji.edu.cn;
   zhangqingzhao@tongji.edu.cn; yuanyuan_zhou@tongji.edu.cn;
   mjzhou@tongji.edu.cn
TC 21
Z9 23
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA MDPI AG, Grosspeteranlage 5, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 1996-1944
PD MAR
PY 2022
VL 15
IS 6
AR 2029
DI 10.3390/ma15062029
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering;
   Physics
UT WOS:000775014500001
ER

PT J
AU Li, L
   Liu, R
   Pirasteh, S
   Chen, XH
   He, L
   Li, J
AF Li, Long
   Liu, Rui
   Pirasteh, Saied
   Chen, Xianhua
   He, Long
   Li, Jonathan
TI A novel genetic algorithm for optimization of conditioning factors in
   shallow translational landslides and susceptibility mapping
SO ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE Landslide; Susceptibility analysis; Factor selection; Novel genetic
   algorithm; Logistic regression
ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION MODEL; ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; ARTIFICIAL
   NEURAL-NETWORKS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; FREQUENCY
   RATIO; AREA; GIS; VALIDATION; STABILITY
AB Genetic algorithm (GA) is an effective approach in selecting the best factors without considering all possible combinations in landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM). The approach experienced a local optimal solution for hazard mapping. In this study, we propose a novel genetic algorithm (NGA) for solving the problems of optimal precision in selecting conditioning factors based on the crossover and mutation. In the southwestern part of China, including Wenchuan, Ludshan, and Ludian areas, the findings of this study confirm the applicability of NGA, which has a strong robustness compared to GA obviously. Results indicated that the highest area under curve (AUC) of GA is 93.47, 83.45, and 82.21% in Wenchuan, Lushan, and Ludian, respectively. Cumulative error of the precision (Delta R) is 3.19, 10.48, and 6.05%, and error of the highest precision (Delta P) is 0.01, 0.03, and 0.12% for Wenchuan, Lushan, and Ludian, respectively. Compared to the GA, the highest accuracy of NGA is 93.48% (Wenchuan), 83.48% (Lushan), and 82.28% (Ludian). It also revealed that Delta R is 0.77, 1.26, and 1.82%, and Delta P is 0.00, 0.04, and 0.05% for Wenchuan, Lushan, and Ludian, respectively. By comparing with GA, the novel approach of NGA has stronger robustness and higher accuracy on selecting the optimal conditioning factors of landslide. Additionally, the relationship of landslide occurrence with controlling factors was assessed in every study area. According to the results, lithology, distance to roads, elevation, and slope were regarded as the most effective factors for shallow translational landslides. These factors implied that internal structure and composition of rock, anthropogenic activity, and topography factors posed the main impacts on landslide occurrence. Finally, we implemented landslide susceptibility assessment in three study areas. Results showed that high landslide susceptibility was in the east and northeastern parts of Wenchuan; central region northward of Lushan; and southwest, central region, and west of Ludian.
C1 [Li, Long; Liu, Rui; Chen, Xianhua; He, Long] Chengdu Univ Technol, Sch Geophys, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Rui] Chengdu Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Explorat & Informat Technol, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Rui] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Pirasteh, Saied; Li, Jonathan] Univ Waterloo, Fac Environm, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology; Chengdu University of Technology;
   Chengdu University of Technology; University of Waterloo
RP Liu, R (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Sch Geophys, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Liu, R (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Explorat & Informat Technol, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.; Liu, R (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
EM lsjlr@163.com
TC 17
Z9 20
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1866-7511
EI 1866-7538
PD MAY
PY 2017
VL 10
IS 9
AR 209
DI 10.1007/s12517-017-3002-4
SC Geology
UT WOS:000401323000012
ER

PT J
AU Chen, SJ
   Chen, ZY
   Tao, R
   Yu, S
   Xu, WJ
   Zhou, XB
   Zhou, ZD
AF Chen, Shujing
   Chen, Zuyu
   Tao, Ran
   Yu, Shu
   Xu, Wenjie
   Zhou, Xingbo
   Zhou, Zhidong
TI Emergency Response and Back Analysis of the Failures of Earthquake
   Triggered Cascade Landslide Dams on the Mianyuan River, China
SO NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW
DT Article
DE Cascade landslide dams breach; Emergency management; Back analysis; Soil
   erosion
ID BARRIER LAKE; BREAK FLOODS; EROSION; RESERVOIRS; SIMULATION; FLOWS;
   SOILS; SLOPE
AB This study has reviewed the emergency action and drainage process of the Xiaogangjian, Xiaogangjian-lower, and Yibadao cascade landslide dams that were formed during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China's southwest Sichuan Province. In order to minimize the hazards caused by the dam breach flood, mitigation works were carried out. Using underwater explosion and mechanical excavation, the dam heights of Xiaogangjian and Yibadao were lowered by 8 and 5m, respectively. On June 12, the Xiaogangjian Dam was overtopped, followed by the failures of the two downstream dams, resulting in a flood with a peak discharge of 3,950m3/s measured at the downstream Hanwang gauge station. This paper describes the geographic and geotechnical features, mainly obtained from the field survey and laboratory testing. The back analysis on the breach flood is based on the authors' work on Tangjiashan and Yigong barrier lakes. The results of this study show that the measured breach flood hydrograph can be reproduced using the currently available analytical methods if the input parameters related to the soil erosion and geotechnical properties are well determined based on experience and laboratory testing. The results of the analysis also show that the mitigation works of lowering the Xiaogangjian and Yibadao dam crest elevations effectively reduced the peak flow by nearly 20%.
C1 [Chen, Shujing; Yu, Shu] State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Shujing; Chen, Zuyu; Yu, Shu] China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Dept Geotech Engn, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Zuyu] State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Engn, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
   [Tao, Ran] Anrong Construct Corp, Engn, 4 Anrong St, Chengdu 611135, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Wenjie] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Xingbo] China Renewable Energy Engn Inst, Dept Engn, Beijing 100120, Peoples R China.
   [Zhou, Zhidong] Anrong Construct Corp, 4 Anrong St, Chengdu 611135, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 China Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Research; Tsinghua
   University
RP Chen, ZY (corresponding author), China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Dept Geotech Engn, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.; Chen, ZY (corresponding author), State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River, Engn, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China.
EM chenshujing1991@163.com; chenzuyu@cashq.ac.cn; 13808225799@163.com;
   yushu@iwhr.com; wenjiexu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; zhou_xingbo@126.com;
   463525748@qq.com
TC 28
Z9 36
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 1527-6988
EI 1527-6996
PD AUG
PY 2018
VL 19
IS 3
AR 05018005
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000285
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000436098800001
ER

PT J
AU Underwood, A
   Booth, A
   Lahusen, S
   Herzig, E
   Duvall, A
   Malick, G
   Clark, D
   Streig, A
AF Underwood, Abigail
   Booth, Adam
   Lahusen, Sean
   Herzig, Erich
   Duvall, Alison
   Malick, Geoffrey
   Clark, Doug
   Streig, Ashley
TI Most recent surface rupturing earthquake on the Boulder Creek Fault
   triggered bedrock landslides in the Nooksack River watershed, Whatcom
   County, Washington
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE Age-roughness; Landslide chronology; Coseismic landslides; Boulder creek
   fault
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEEP-SEATED LANDSLIDES; PUGET-SOUND; LA
   CLAPIERE; OSO; INVENTORIES; TOPOGRAPHY; MORPHOLOGY; TECTONICS; TRANSPORT
AB Deep-seated bedrock landslides contribute to rapid landscape evolution, often resulting in transient erosion rates that exceed long-term average rates of tectonic uplift. Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of such landslides reveals past drivers of landscape evolution and helps predict how the landscape will respond in the future. The Nooksack River watershed (NRW), Whatcom County, Washington, USA, features numerous paleo landslides linked to high relief, seismic activity, local geologic structures, and abundant precipitation. Specifically, Holocene surface rupturing earthquakes on the Boulder Creek Fault (BCF) are a likely triggering mechanism for widespread prehistoric landsliding. To determine the relative importance of several probable drivers of past bedrock landsliding, we investigate spatiotemporal trends of 440 landslides using a calibrated relationship between lidar-based deposit surface roughness and radiocarbon-based age. We find the roughness-age relationship in Washington's Cascade Range is consistent with that of bedrock landslides in Oregon's coast range. Our observed landslide frequency history best matches a modeled history that incorporates preservation bias and two coseismic landslide pulses, each comprising 6.5 % of the total landslides, at known times of surface rupturing earthquakes on the BCF in the last 4,000 years. Both the density of past bedrock landslides and size of plausible coseismic landslides peak near the Holocene scarps of the BCF and decrease with distance from the fault. These findings suggest surface rupturing earthquakes on the BCF measurably affected spatiotemporal landslide patterns and watershed evolution in the NRW, highlighting the importance of considering coseismic landslides in regional hazard assessment and planning.
C1 [Underwood, Abigail; Booth, Adam; Streig, Ashley] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
   [Lahusen, Sean; Herzig, Erich] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA.
   [Herzig, Erich; Duvall, Alison] Univ Washington, Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA USA.
   [Malick, Geoffrey; Clark, Doug] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA USA.
C3 Portland State University; United States Department of the Interior;
   United States Geological Survey; University of Washington; University of
   Washington Seattle; Western Washington University
RP Underwood, A (corresponding author), Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
EM abigail.underwood@pg.canterbury.ac.nz
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD DEC 1
PY 2025
VL 490
AR 109912
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109912
EA OCT 2025
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:001590454100001
ER

PT J
AU Jin, JL
   Cui, YL
   Xu, C
   Zheng, J
   Miao, HB
AF Jin, Jia-le
   Cui, Yu-long
   Xu, Chong
   Zheng, Jun
   Miao, Hai-bo
TI Application of logistic regression model for hazard assessment of
   landslides caused by the 2012 Yiliang Ms 5.7 earthquake in Yunnan
   Province, China
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Yiliang earthquake; Coseismic landslide; Logistic regression model;
   Bayesian probability; Hazard assessment
ID SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT; NEWMARK DISPLACEMENT; DECISION TREE;
   OCCURRENCE PROBABILITY; TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION;
   WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; LUSHAN; HOKKAIDO; MACHINE
AB Accurate assessment of seismic landslides hazard is a prerequisite and foundation for post-disaster relief of earthquakes. An Ms 5.7 earthquake occurring on September 7, 2012, in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province, China, triggered hundreds of landslides. To explore the characteristics of coseismic landslides caused by this moderate-strong earthquake and their significance in predicting seismic landslides regionally, this study uses an artificial visual interpretation method based on a planet image with 5-m resolution to obtain the information of the coseismic landslides and establishes a coseismic landslide database containing data on 232 landslides. Nine influencing factors of landslides were selected for this study: elevation, relative elevation, slope angle, aspect, slope position, distance to river system, distance to faults, strata, and peak ground acceleration. The real probability of coseismic landslide occurrence is calculated by combining the Bayesian probability and logistic regression model. Based on the coseismic landslides, the probabilities of landslide occurrence under different peak ground acceleration are predicted using a logistic regression model. Finally, the model established in this paper is used to calculate the landslide probability of the Ludian Ms 6.5 earthquake that occurred in August 2014, 78.9 km away from the macro-epicenter of the Yiliang earthquake. The probability is verified by the real coseismic landslides of this earthquake, which confirms the reliability of the method presented in this paper. This study proves that the model established according to the seismic landslides triggered by one earthquake has a good effect on the seismic landslides hazard assessment of similar magnitude, and can provide a reference for seismic landslides prediction of moderate-strong earthquakes in this region.
C1 [Jin, Jia-le; Cui, Yu-long; Miao, Hai-bo] Anhui Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Huainan 232001, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Xu, Chong] Minist Emergency Management China, Key Lab Cpd & Chained Nat Hazards Dynam, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Zheng, Jun] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China.
C3 Anhui University of Science & Technology; Zhejiang University
RP Cui, YL (corresponding author), Anhui Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Huainan 232001, Peoples R China.
EM ylcui@aust.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 8
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAR
PY 2023
VL 20
IS 3
BP 657
EP 669
DI 10.1007/s11629-022-7698-6
EA MAR 2023
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000948465600001
ER

PT J
AU Tai, YC
   Ko, CJ
   Li, KD
   Wu, YC
   Kuo, CY
   Chen, RF
   Lin, CW
AF Tai, Yih-Chin
   Ko, Chi-Jyun
   Li, Kun-Ding
   Wu, Yu-Chen
   Kuo, Chih-Yu
   Chen, Rou-Fei
   Lin, Ching-Weei
TI An Idealized Landslide Failure Surface and Its Impacts on the Traveling
   Paths
SO FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
DT Article
DE landslide; slope failure; failure surface; idealized curved surface
   (ICS); flow paths; hazard assessment
ID WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; STABILITY; MODEL; TOPOGRAPHY; TAIWAN
AB Numerical scenario simulation may serve as an efficient and powerful tool for hazard assessment, but it often suffers from the lack of a definite failure surface before the occurrence of failure. In the present study, an idealized curved surface (ICS) is proposed for mimicking the sliding surface in the numerical simulation. Different from the conventional Sloping Local Base Level (SLBL) or Scoops3D method, this idealized surface consists of two curvatures, which are defined in the down-slope and cross-slope directions, respectively. Applying this idealized surface to 45 historical landslides of sliding type in southern Taiwan, two specific relations of geometry (length, curvature radius, and depth) in the down-slope and cross-slope directions are figured out. These specific relations simplify the complexity of constructing the idealized curved surface for areas prone to landslides for the sake of hazard assessments. That is, once the area with landslide susceptibility is identified and the associated released volume is given, the idealized sliding surface can be uniquely determined with the help of these geometric relations. The proposed method is integrated with a two-phase grain-fluid model and numerically validated against a historical large-scale landslide for investigating its feasibility. Although the idealized failure surface may deviate from that determined by the post-event investigation, it is interesting to note that the major discrepancy is mainly found at the first stage. The differences (both flow thickness and paths) reduce over time, and only minor discrepancies can be identified at the deposition stage. These findings reveal the weak co-relation between the geometry of the failure surface and the flow paths. It also indicates the feasibility of the ICS for predicting the flow paths by scenario investigation, especially when the exact sliding surface of a landslide is not available.
C1 [Tai, Yih-Chin; Ko, Chi-Jyun; Li, Kun-Ding; Wu, Yu-Chen] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Hydraul & Ocean Engn, Tainan, Taiwan.
   [Kuo, Chih-Yu] Acad Sinica, Ctr Appl Sci, Taipei, Taiwan.
   [Chen, Rou-Fei] Chinese Culture Univ, Dept Geol, Taipei, Taiwan.
   [Lin, Ching-Weei] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, Taiwan.
C3 National Cheng Kung University; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; Chinese
   Culture University; National Cheng Kung University
RP Tai, YC (corresponding author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Hydraul & Ocean Engn, Tainan, Taiwan.
EM yctai@mail.ncku.edu.tw
TC 5
Z9 5
PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA AVENUE DU TRIBUNAL FEDERAL 34, LAUSANNE, CH-1015, SWITZERLAND
EI 2296-6463
PD AUG 21
PY 2020
VL 8
AR 313
DI 10.3389/feart.2020.00313
SC Geology
UT WOS:000569771500001
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Hu, KH
   Yang, ZJ
   Liu, Q
   Zou, Q
   Chen, HY
   Zhang, B
   Zhang, WF
   Zhu, L
   Su, LJ
AF Zhao, Bo
   Hu, Kai-heng
   Yang, Zong-ji
   Liu, Qiao
   Zou, Qiang
   Chen, Hua-yong
   Zhang, Bo
   Zhang, Wei-feng
   Zhu, Lei
   Su, Li-jun
TI Geomorphic and tectonic controls of landslides induced by the 2022
   Luding earthquake
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Landslides; Luding earthquake; Spatial distribution; Geomorphic index;
   Tectonic index
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; XIANSHUIHE FAULT;
   SICHUAN PROVINCE; HANGING-WALL; DADU RIVER; LUSHAN; CHINA; TOPOGRAPHY;
   MECHANISM
AB On 05 September 2022, an Ms 6.8 (Mw 6.6) earthquake occurred in Luding County, Sichuan Province, China, with the epicenter at 29.59 degrees N, 102.08 degrees E and a focal depth of approximately 16.0 km. Combining field investigations, high-resolution satellite images and multiple datatpes characterizing the seismogenic structure, topography and geology, this study attempts to discuss the influence of geomorphic and tectonic indexes on landslide distribution. The results show that the 2022 Luding earthquake with seismogenic fault at the Moxi fault, was a sinistral strike-slip event that triggered at least 4528 landslides over an area of & SIM;2000 km(2). These landslides span a total area of 28.1 km(2), and the western section of the seismogenic fault, which serves as the active wall area, is characterized by a higher landslide concentration, especially in the Wandong Basin. The seismogenic fault and lithology influence the regional distribution of landslides, and more landslides occurred closer to the seismogenic fault and in the controlling lithologies of granite and dolomite. Local topography influences the landslide occurrence position on the slope; the eastern section is prone to form landslides in the lower gorge section, and the western section is prone to form landslides in the upper-top section of the gorge. For coseismic landslides in the eastern Baryan Har block, the eastern boundary (Longmenshan fault), where the earthquakes are characterized by thrusts with slight dextral strike-slip movement, could be the primary landslide-prone area; the southern boundary, the Moxi fault and the southern segment of the Xianshuihe fault, with more intensive strike-slip movement, may be the secondary landside-prone area; and the northern boundary is the tertiary landside-prone area. Additionally, the current landslide inventory may be underestimated although this underestimation has limited influence on the results.
C1 [Zhao, Bo; Hu, Kai-heng; Yang, Zong-ji; Liu, Qiao; Zou, Qiang; Chen, Hua-yong; Zhang, Bo; Zhang, Wei-feng; Zhu, Lei; Su, Li-jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Su, Li-jun] China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
   [Su, Li-jun] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences, CAS
RP Su, LJ (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.; Su, LJ (corresponding author), China Pakistan Joint Res Ctr Earth Sci, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.; Su, LJ (corresponding author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
EM zhaobo1989@imde.ac.cn; khhu@imde.ac.cn; yzj@imde.ac.cn;
   liuqiao@imde.ac.cn; zouqiang@imde.ac.cn; hychen@imde.ac.cn;
   rsbozh@imde.ac.cn; zwf@imde.ac.cn; zhul@imde.ac.cn; sulijun1976@163.com
TC 29
Z9 34
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD DEC
PY 2022
VL 19
IS 12
BP 3323
EP 3345
DI 10.1007/s11629-022-7732-8
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000898090200001
ER

PT J
AU Shu, HP
   Ma, JZ
   Yu, HC
   Hürlimann, M
   Zhang, P
   Liu, F
   Qi, S
AF Shu, Heping
   Ma, Jinzhu
   Yu, Haichao
   Hurlimann, Marcel
   Zhang, Peng
   Liu, Fei
   Qi, Shi
TI Effect of Density and Total Weight on Flow Depth, Velocity, and Stresses
   in Loess Debris Flows
SO WATER
DT Article
DE debris flow; flume experiments; loess; China
ID 1920 HAIYUAN EARTHQUAKE; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DRAINAGE CHANNEL; IMPACT
   FORCE; LANDSLIDE; FIELD; PRESSURE; MITIGATION; MORPHOLOGY; INITIATION
AB Debris flows that involve loess material produce important damage around the world. However, the kinematics of such processes are poorly understood. To better understand these kinematics, we used a flume to measure the kinematics of debris flows with different mixture densities and weights. We used sensors to measure pore fluid pressure and total normal stress. We measured flow patterns, velocities, and depths using a high-speed camera and laser range finder to identify the temporal evolution of the flow behavior and the corresponding peaks. We constructed fitting functions for the relationships between the maximum values of the experimental parameters. The hydrographs of the debris flows could be divided into four phases: increase to a first minor peak, a subsequent smooth increase to a second peak, fluctuation until a third major peak, and a final continuous decrease. The flow depth, velocity, total normal stress, and pore fluid pressure were strongly related to the mixture density and total mixture weight. We defined the corresponding relationships between the flow parameters and mixture kinematics. Linear and exponential relationships described the maximum flow depth and the mixture weight and density, respectively. The flow velocity was linearly related to the weight and density. The pore fluid pressure and total normal stress were linearly related to the weight, but logarithmically related to the density. The regression goodness of fit for all functions was >0.93. Therefore, these functions are accurate and could be used to predict the consequences of loess debris flows. Our results provide an improved understanding of the effects of mixture density and weight on the kinematics of debris flows in loess areas, and can help landscape managers prevent and design improved engineering solutions.
C1 [Shu, Heping; Ma, Jinzhu; Yu, Haichao; Liu, Fei; Qi, Shi] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Minist Educ, 222 South Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
   [Shu, Heping; Hurlimann, Marcel] UPC BarcelonaTECH, Div Geotech Engn & Geosci, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
   [Zhang, Peng] China Three Gorges Univ, Hubei Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Mitigat, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China.
C3 Lanzhou University; Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya; China Three
   Gorges University
RP Ma, JZ (corresponding author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Key Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Minist Educ, 222 South Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China.
EM shuhp15@lzu.edu.cn; jzma@lzu.edu.cn; yuhch14@lzu.edu.cn;
   marcel.hurlimann@upc.edu; pzhang@ctgu.edu.cn; fliu16@lzu.edu.cn;
   qish15@lzu.edu.cn
TC 8
Z9 8
PU MDPI
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
EI 2073-4441
PD DEC
PY 2018
VL 10
IS 12
AR 1784
DI 10.3390/w10121784
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000455314300079
ER

PT J
AU Liu, YG
   Wang, L
   Zou, Q
   Li, JJ
   Lu, YF
   Li, L
   Xu, BN
   Wang, LH
AF Liu, Yanguo
   Wang, Li
   Zou, Qiang
   Li, Jingji
   Lu, Yafeng
   Li, Lin
   Xu, Binni
   Wang, Lihui
TI Post-disaster spatial reconstruction from the perspective of a rural
   settlement niche in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River
SO JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
DT Article
DE Rural settlements; Spatial reconstruction; Settlement niche;
   Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Reconstruction; Southwest China
ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; FLOW;
   INFILTRATION; MODEL; STABILITY
AB Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction provide an effective way to reduce the disaster vulnerability of, and promote leapfrog development in, an affected area. To date, studies that have used administrative boundaries to investigate the reconstruction of settlement space have not been able to clearly define the real boundaries of land use changes or quantify the degree of response to the 'Build-Back-Better' initiative, and have lacked any consideration of the fourth reconstruction stage-development period (10 years). This study constructed a mountain settlement niche and analyzed the characteristics, spatial reconstruction, and drivers of rural settlements during 2009-2019 in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, southwest China. The results showed the following: (1) Natural factors were the basis for the formation and development of mountain settlement niches. The scale of the settlement niche and its land use structure depended on the physical geography features and the ethnic farming and grazing traditions. The settlement niche provided a realistic boundary for the spatial reconstruction. (2) The layout of residential land around cropland was the common feature of the mountain settlement niche. Of all the land use types, the roads and rural residential lands showed the most change over the 10 years; 13,860 residential patches increased in size and 4,742 patches were abandoned. (3) The area of orchards, planted to reconstruct the economy in the mountains, increased by nearly 2.5 times. (4) Collapses, landslides, and debris flow disasters and the ecological red line influenced the spatial reconstruction. While the main focus of postdisaster recovery is spatial reconstruction, initiatives should include economic and spiritual recovery, and should also achieve sustainable development of the region.
C1 [Liu, Yanguo; Wang, Lihui] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Tianfu Inst Res & Innovat, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Yanguo; Wang, Li; Wang, Lihui] Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Remote Sensing Ctr China, Mianyang Sci & Technol City Div, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
   [Zou, Qiang; Lu, Yafeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Jingji; Xu, Binni] Chengdu Univ Technol, Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Protect, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Lin] Chengdu Municipal Bur Planning & Nat Resources, Tianfu New Area Pk City Construct Bur, Chengdu 610218, Peoples R China.
C3 Southwest University of Science & Technology - China; Southwest
   University of Science & Technology - China; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of
   Technology
RP Liu, YG (corresponding author), Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Tianfu Inst Res & Innovat, Chengdu 610299, Peoples R China.; Liu, YG (corresponding author), Southwest Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Remote Sensing Ctr China, Mianyang Sci & Technol City Div, Mianyang 621010, Peoples R China.
EM liuyg2008@126.com; liwang@swust.edu.cn; zouqiang@imde.ac.cn;
   lijingji2014@cdut.edu.cn; luyafeng@imde.ac.cn; lin_112358@163.com;
   xubinni99@stu.cdut.edu.cn; wanglihui_swust@163.com
TC 3
Z9 3
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1672-6316
EI 1993-0321
PD MAY
PY 2024
VL 21
IS 5
BP 1630
EP 1646
DI 10.1007/s11629-023-8306-0
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:001245050300013
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, CL
   Jiang, GL
   Su, LJ
   Lei, D
   Liu, WM
   Wang, ZM
AF Zhang, Chonglei
   Jiang, Guanlu
   Su, Lijun
   Lei, Da
   Liu, Weiming
   Wang, Zhimeng
TI Large-scale shaking table model test on seismic performance of
   bridge-pile-foundation slope with anti-sliding piles: a case study
SO BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
DT Article
DE Anti-slide piles; Shaking table model; Peak ground acceleration; Bridge
   pile foundation; Seismic response
ID 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; NONLINEAR SITE RESPONSE; REINFORCED SLOPES;
   DYNAMIC-BEHAVIOR; SICHUAN PROVINCE; LANDSLIDES; FREQUENCY; CONCRETE;
   AMPLIFICATION; DEFORMATION
AB This study aimed to illustrate the seismic performances of anti-slide pile-reinforced bridge foundations in landslides. Based on the anti-slide reinforcement project at Yousuotun along the Chengdu-Lanzhou high-speed railway under construction, shaking table tests were performed on a double-row anti-slide pile-reinforced bridge foundation and landslide model with a 1:40 similitude ratio. Given that the similitude law was satisfied, seismic waves with different frequencies and acceleration amplitudes were input as base excitations to monitor the responses of dynamic parameters: slope acceleration, earth pressure, and pile strain. The amplification effect of peak ground acceleration (PGA) was analyzed. The landslide thrust distribution characteristics and slope response processes were further studied to verify the seismic design of such bridge foundations in landslide-prone areas. The response acceleration of the slope subjected to seismic loads showed a nonlinear amplification "elevation effect", "surface effect", and "geological structure effect". When the distance between the bridge foundation and the back-row anti-slide pile was small, the pier maintained a relatively large PGA amplification factor and was subjected to strong seismic loads. The landslide thrust was mainly borne by the upper part of the back-row anti-slide piles as its distribution changed from spoon-shaped to bow-shaped. Under high-intensity earthquake events, the load-bearing section of the bridge foundation should be strengthened at the sliding surface. Anti-slide piles can effectively limit the dynamic response of the landslide and weaken the seismic response of the slope. The results of testing this reinforcement are the first results proving that the seismic design of reinforced bridge foundations with anti-slide piles can be reliable.
C1 [Zhang, Chonglei; Su, Lijun; Liu, Weiming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhang, Chonglei; Su, Lijun] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Guanlu; Lei, Da] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Zhimeng] China Railway Eryuan Engn Grp Co Ltd, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan
   Plateau Research, CAS; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth
   Sciences (CETES), CAS; Southwest Jiaotong University
RP Jiang, GL (corresponding author), Southwest Jiaotong Univ, MOE Key Lab High Speed Railway Engn, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM zhangchonglei@imde.ac.cn; wgljiang@home.swjtu.edu.cn;
   sulijun1976@163.com; china722309220@sina.cn; liuwm@imde.ac.cn;
   shandisuo@163.com
TC 41
Z9 46
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1435-9529
EI 1435-9537
PD APR
PY 2020
VL 79
IS 3
BP 1429
EP 1447
DI 10.1007/s10064-019-01614-y
EA NOV 2019
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:000493940600002
ER

PT J
AU Dutta, B
   Laskar, S
   Kundu, P
   Sing, D
   Das, M
   Mal, S
AF Dutta, Bikash
   Laskar, Sakir
   Kundu, Prionti
   Sing, Debasish
   Das, Manas
   Mal, Sourajit
TI Landslide susceptible zonation mapping of Sikkim using deterministic and
   machine learning approach
SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
DT Article
DE Landslide Susceptible Zonation (LSZ); Analytical Hierarchy Process
   (AHP); Binary Logistic Regression (BLR); ROC; Machine Learning
ID ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; 2008 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; NEURAL-NETWORKS; BIVARIATE STATISTICS; CAMERON
   HIGHLANDS; FREQUENCY RATIO; RISK ASSESSMENT; CATCHMENT-AREA; RIVER-BASIN
AB A decent assessment of the landslide susceptible zonation (LSZ) mapping is competent in identifying the potential risks for the decision-makers, planners, and executive authorities. The state of Sikkim faced the most common disaster, a landslide, throughout the year, and it increased day by day. After identifying the research gap and objectives, a landslide inventory map of 132 landslides from the study area was prepared. Also, the required data, such as satellite images, DEM, geology, soil, Rainfall, etc., are collected from different sources to prepare causative factors for LSZ mapping. The present study aims to map the LSZ of Sikkim as a regular assessment of changing environmental conditions by comparing AHP (deterministic) and BLR (machine learning) methods. The 132 landslides were classified as training data (70 %, or 92 out of 132) for the trained BLR model, and the remaining 40 were used as testing datasets to measure model accuracy. However, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a deterministic approach, and the weights of each causative factor entirely depend on experts' knowledge. As a result, training datasets are not required to train the AHP model. Also, training and testing datasets were used to check the model's accuracy and validate it for the AHP model. Additionally, 100 non-slide points are taken to compute both model performances. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of both models shows 82.22 % for BLR and 79.13 % for AHP, and the Seed Area Calculation Index (SCAI) for the very high LSZ class is 0.43 and 0.37, respectively. The BLR represents better results than the deterministic AHP method. (c) 2025 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
C1 [Dutta, Bikash] Nistarini Coll, Dept Geog, Purulia 723101, W Bengal, India.
   [Laskar, Sakir] IIT Kharagpur, Dept Humanities & Social Sci, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India.
   [Kundu, Prionti; Sing, Debasish; Das, Manas] IIT ISM Dhanbad, Dept Min Engn, Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India.
   [Mal, Sourajit] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Ctr Study Reg Dev, New Delhi 110067, India.
C3 Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of
   Technology (IIT) - Kharagpur; Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT
   System); Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
   Dhanbad; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
RP Dutta, B (corresponding author), Nistarini Coll, Dept Geog, Purulia 723101, W Bengal, India.
EM bikashgeovu@gmail.com; manaskudas21458@gmail.com
TC 1
Z9 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0273-1177
EI 1879-1948
PD SEP 15
PY 2025
VL 76
IS 6
BP 3239
EP 3258
DI 10.1016/j.asr.2025.06.074
EA AUG 2025
SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
UT WOS:001561965700002
ER

PT J
AU Wang, MX
   Wang, G
   Leung, AYF
   Li, DQ
   Ma, SY
AF Wang, Mao-Xin
   Wang, Gang
   Leung, Andy Yat Fai
   Li, Dian-Qing
   Ma, Siyuan
TI Flexible slope displacement models for probabilistic seismic landslide
   hazard assessment incorporating near-fault ground-motion velocity pulse
   and directionality
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
DT Article
DE Earthquake-induced landslide hazard; Near-fault pulse-like ground
   motions; Ground motion directionality; Flexible sliding mass; Slope
   displacement prediction; Machine learning
ID HORIZONTAL-COMPONENT; INTENSITY MEASURES; EARTHQUAKE; DIRECTIVITY;
   SHALLOW; WENCHUAN; SCALAR; DEEP; PGV
AB Ground-motion characteristics and the dynamic response of slopes are important factors contributing to earthquake-induced landslides. In near-fault regions, seismic landslide displacement analyses are often simplified using Newmark rigid-block models and directionally-averaged displacement indices. Some prior studies developed near-fault slope displacement models for the strong-motion velocity-pulse direction. However, it remains unclear how ground-motion pulses and directionality affect the dynamic slope response in sliding displacement analyses. In this study, a probabilistic framework is presented for regional seismic landslide hazard assessment by incorporating near-fault ground-motion pulse and directionality effects. The framework generates slope displacement hazard curves through convolution of seismic hazard with flexible-slope displacement models, which are developed to statistically characterize the maximum (D100) and median (D50) slope displacements over horizontal orientations under near-fault pulse-like and non-pulse-like ground motions based on over 35 million nonlinear coupled sliding analyses. Pulse-like motions generally yield larger amplitude and stronger polarization of slope displacements than non-pulse-like motions. Strong-motion pulses and D100 are likely to occur within +/- 45 degrees of fault-normal direction, while slope displacements in the fault-normal direction or the strongest-pulse direction could be significantly (over 25 %) smaller than D100. The new displacement models reduce predction errors by more than 30 % compared with existing models. A hypothetical example and a real case of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are used to illustrate the proposed framework. Compared with the traditional rigid-block analysis, an appropriate selection of D100 and D50 from the proposed flexibleslope models in regional analysis achieves better consistency with the observed landslide distribution.
C1 [Wang, Mao-Xin; Wang, Gang] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, State Key Lab Climate Resilience Coastal Cities, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Leung, Andy Yat Fai] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Dian-Qing] Wuhan Univ, Inst Engn Risk & Disaster Prevent, State Key Lab Water Resources Engn & Management, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, Siyuan] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Hong Kong Polytechnic
   University; Wuhan University; China Earthquake Administration; Institute
   of Geology, CEA
RP Wang, MX; Wang, G (corresponding author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, State Key Lab Climate Resilience Coastal Cities, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM dr.maoxin.wang@gmail.com; gwang@ust.hk
TC 0
Z9 0
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
EI 1872-6917
PD OCT
PY 2025
VL 357
AR 108313
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108313
EA SEP 2025
SC Engineering; Geology
UT WOS:001567414800001
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, SJ
   Zhao, LQ
   Delgado-Tellez, R
   Bao, HJ
AF Zhang, Shaojie
   Zhao, Luqiang
   Delgado-Tellez, Ricardo
   Bao, Hongjun
TI A physics-based probabilistic forecasting model for rainfall-induced
   shallow landslides at regional scale
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
DT Article
ID TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES; HYDROLOGICAL MODEL; WARNING SYSTEM; UMBRIA
AB Conventional outputs of physics-based landslide forecasting models are presented as deterministic warnings by calculating the safety factor (F-s) of potentially dangerous slopes. However, these models are highly dependent on variables such as cohesion force and internal friction angle which are affected by a high degree of uncertainty especially at a regional scale, resulting in unacceptable uncertainties of F-s. Under such circumstances, the outputs of physical models are more suitable if presented in the form of landslide probability values. In order to develop such models, a method to link the uncertainty of soil parameter values with landslide probability is devised. This paper proposes the use of Monte Carlo methods to quantitatively express uncertainty by assigning random values to physical variables inside a defined interval. The inequality F-s < 1 is tested for each pixel in n simulations which are integrated in a unique parameter. This parameter links the landslide probability to the uncertainties of soil mechanical parameters and is used to create a physics-based probabilistic forecasting model for rainfall-induced shallow landslides. The prediction ability of this model was tested in a case study, in which simulated forecasting of landslide disasters associated with heavy rain-falls on 9 July 2013 in the Wenchuan earthquake region of Sichuan province, China, was performed. The proposed model successfully forecasted landslides in 159 of the 176 disaster points registered by the geo-environmental monitoring station of Sichuan province. Such testing results indicate that the new model can be operated in a highly efficient way and show more reliable results, attributable to its high pre-diction accuracy. Accordingly, the new model can be potentially packaged into a forecasting system for shallow landslides providing technological support for the mitigation of these disasters at regional scale.
C1 [Zhang, Shaojie] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Luqiang] China Meteorol Adm, Publ Meteorol Serv Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
   [Delgado-Tellez, Ricardo] Minist Sci Technol & Environm Cuba, Nipe Sagua Baracoa Mt Off, Guantanamo, Cuba.
   [Bao, Hongjun] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; China Meteorological Administration; Public
   Meteorological Service Center, China Meteorological Administration;
   China Meteorological Administration; National Meteorological Center,
   China Meteorological Administration
RP Zhao, LQ (corresponding author), China Meteorol Adm, Publ Meteorol Serv Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM sj-zhang@imde.ac.cn; zhaolq@cma.gov.cn
TC 47
Z9 55
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
PD MAR 27
PY 2018
VL 18
IS 3
BP 969
EP 982
DI 10.5194/nhess-18-969-2018
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
UT WOS:000428480900001
ER

PT J
AU Jiang, XG
   Wei, YW
   Wu, L
   Hu, KH
   Zhu, ZY
   Zou, ZY
   Xiao, WM
AF Jiang, Xiangang
   Wei, Yunwei
   Wu, Lei
   Hu, Kaiheng
   Zhu, Zhanyuan
   Zou, Zuyin
   Xiao, Weimin
TI Laboratory experiments on failure characteristics of non-cohesive
   sediment natural dam in progressive failure mode
SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES
DT Article
DE Natural dam; Progressive failure; Breaching characteristics; Flume tests
ID LANDSLIDE DAM; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; DEBRIS FLOW
AB Natural dam failure may cause disastrous floods in the downstream, especially for dam outbursts in progressive failure mode. Until now researches about the characteristics of progressive failure are still completely unclear. In this paper, a series of flume tests were conducted to investigate the formation mechanism of progressive failure of natural dam, the breaching characteristics and the effect of outburst flood on the channel bed. According to the results, three typical features in the progressive failure process of natural dams were observed: seepage on downstream slope, slide of the downstream slope and overtopping. With phreatic line rising continuously, seepage occurred on the downstream slope, which caused slide of downstream slope of the dam. The breaching discharge hydrographs were asymmetric on both sides of peak discharge, which was similar to the breaching discharge of overtopping. The relationship between breach width and depth was like a shape of "S", which followed a logistic function. In the breaching process, sediment in the channel bed near the dam was first deposited and then scoured, where the flow velocity was large with strong turbulence; while flow on channel bed far away from the dam showed lower velocity and the flow regime transferred from supercritical flow to subcritical flow. Sediment deposited at first and then scoured gradually on channel bed, but only deposited at a large distance from the dam. The outburst flood eroded the channel bed continuously, the erosion mechanism was from tractive erosion to backward erosion, and returned to tractive erosion finally. In addition, the further away from the dam, the weaker the erosion intensity was. The results of this paper enriched the understanding of the failure mechanism of progressively outburst natural dam, which is helpful to predict breaching parameters in progressive failure mode and to provide some reference about flood prevention.
C1 [Jiang, Xiangang; Wei, Yunwei; Wu, Lei; Zhu, Zhanyuan; Zou, Zuyin; Xiao, Weimin] Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Chengdu 611830, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Kaiheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Surface Proc, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan Agricultural University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute
   of Mountain Hazards & Environment, CAS
RP Jiang, XG (corresponding author), Sichuan Agr Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Chengdu 611830, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM jxgjim@163.com
TC 25
Z9 28
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1866-6280
EI 1866-6299
PD SEP
PY 2019
VL 78
IS 17
AR 538
DI 10.1007/s12665-019-8544-1
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources
UT WOS:000482242000002
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Wang, YS
   Li, WL
   Lu, HY
   Li, ZY
AF Zhao, Bo
   Wang, Yunsheng
   Li, Weile
   Lu, Huiyan
   Li, Zhengyou
TI Evaluation of factors controlling the spatial and size distributions of
   landslides, 2021 Nippes earthquake, Haiti
SO GEOMORPHOLOGY
DT Article
DE 2021 Nippes earthquake; Landslides; Spatial distribution; Geology;
   Topography
ID 2013 LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE; DISTRIBUTION PATTERN; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE;
   COMPLEX RUPTURE; SOIL-MOISTURE; EROSION; TOPOGRAPHY; INVENTORY;
   RAINFALL; FREQUENCY
AB On 14 August 2021, a Mw 7.2 earthquake struck the Tiburon Peninsula, Haiti, with an epicenter at 18.434 N, 73.482 W and a focal depth of approximately 10 km. Combining multiple high-resolution satellite images and data of topographic, geological and seismological factors, this study evaluates the spatial and size distributions of the coseismic landslides triggered by this event and their corresponding controlling factors. The results show that the 2021 Mw 7.2 event, whose seismogenic fault is the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault, triggered at least 8444 landslides over an area of similar to 2700 km(2). The total area of those triggered landslides was 45.6 km(2) and they were concentrated in the western section of the Tiburon Peninsula, especially within Pic Macaya National Park (6100 landslides occurred in or near this park, 72.2 % of the total), and 89.4 % of the landslides were distributed in the hanging wall area. High landslide concentrations (>= landslide frequency of 25/km(2)) are more prevalent in higher-elevation areas (>= 1000 m). In areas at elevations >= 1000 m, more landslides are concentrated on the middle-lower mountain slopes; the landslide concentration is inversely proportional to the elevation and posi-tively correlated with slope and local relief. The seismogenic fault area is typified by a high landslide concentration. Limestone is the dominant rock in the study area, as is the case for the 2010 earthquake, and rainfall has a positive relationship with the landslide concentration. For landslides whose areas >= 1000 m(2), the total number and area of coseismic landslides from the 2021 event are both larger than those from the 2010 event.
C1 [Zhao, Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Yunsheng; Li, Weile; Lu, Huiyan; Li, Zhengyou] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Prot, Chengdu 610059, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Zhengyou] Sichuan Prov Coal Design & Res Inst, Chengdu 610091, Peoples R China.
C3 Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Mountain Hazards &
   Environment, CAS; Chengdu University of Technology
RP Zhao, B (corresponding author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazards & Environm, Key Lab Mt Hazards & Earth Surface Proc, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
EM zhaobo1989@imde.ac.cn
TC 25
Z9 27
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-555X
EI 1872-695X
PD OCT 15
PY 2022
VL 415
AR 108419
DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108419
EA AUG 2022
SC Physical Geography; Geology
UT WOS:000862935400001
ER

PT J
AU Lei, M
   Yang, P
   Wang, YK
   Wang, XK
AF Lei, Ming
   Yang, Po
   Wang, Yi-kui
   Wang, Xie-kang
TI Numerical analyses of the influence of baffles on the dynamics of debris
   flow in a gully
SO ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE Debris materials; Baffle configuration; Numerical simulation; Discrete
   element method; Sediment transportation
ID SICHUAN PROVINCE; GRANULAR FLOW; LONGCHI AREA; LANDSLIDE; SIMULATION;
   MOVEMENT; LANDFILL; IMPACT
AB After the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, a huge amount of loose debris materials were accumulated on the surface of slopes in the mountainous areas of Southwestern China. Under heavy rainfalls and earthquakes, these loose debris materials can flow, washed away, and subsequently enter the mountainous rivers due to landslides and debris flows. They can change the sediment supply of the river channel and result in the adjustment of riverbed. To mitigate the adverse impacts, baffles are usually installed on slopes in front of the protected areas to reduce the kinetic energy of incoming debris flows. In order to clarify the interacting mechanism between debris materials and baffles structure, the dynamics of granular transportation and deposition in a typical gully have been analyzed via the three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM). The numerical results indicate that the arrangement of baffles (e.g., spacing distance, layout row, and height) has a significant influence on the dissipation of debris energy and the final sediment deposition pattern. The kinetic energy, the velocity of granular flow, and the total mass of debris materials entering the river channel decrease with the increase of the baffles lateral spacing distance, layout row, and height. Correspondingly, the amount of debris materials retained by the baffles will increase. Thickness and volume of particle deposits in the upstream region increased with increase in lateral spacing, rows, and height of the baffles, but decreased in the downstream area. In addition, the baffle configuration can affect the particle size distribution along the channel. The results of this research can provide a theoretical basis for baffle designs and the prevention of debris flows in mountainous areas.
C1 [Lei, Ming; Yang, Po; Wang, Yi-kui; Wang, Xie-kang] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
   [Lei, Ming] Northwest A&F Univ, Key Lab Agr Soil & Water Engn Arid & Semiarid Are, Minist Educ, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Northwest A&F University - China
RP Wang, XK (corresponding author), Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Hydraul & Mt River Engn, Chengdu 610065, Peoples R China.
EM wangxiekang@scu.edu.cn
TC 11
Z9 13
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1866-7511
EI 1866-7538
PD OCT 1
PY 2020
VL 13
IS 19
AR 1052
DI 10.1007/s12517-020-06016-z
SC Geology
UT WOS:000576916500002
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, B
   Wang, YS
   Chen, M
   Luo, YH
   Liang, RF
   Li, J
AF Zhao, Bo
   Wang, Yunsheng
   Chen, Ming
   Luo, Yonghong
   Liang, Ruifeng
   Li, Jia
TI Typical characteristics of large-scale landslides in the transition belt
   between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau
SO ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES
DT Article
DE Large-scale landslide; Transition belt between Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and
   Loess Plateau; Typical characteristics
ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE; AREA
AB The transition belt between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau is an area where geohazards occur frequently. To develop a basic understanding of the geohazards in this region, a detailed field investigation of large-scale landslides (i.e., > 10(6) m(3) in volume) has been performed. The results show that 259 large-scale landslides have occurred in this region, of which 254 landslides are rock landslides and the others are soil landslides. These landslides have an average volume of 20.6 Mm(3), are mainly concentrated along rivers, and have a linear density that reaches 0.45 landslides/km. Furthermore, more than 90% of the landslides are located within 5.0 km of a fault and more than 80% of the landslides are located at elevations of 1000-2600 m. With increasing landslide volume, the mobility increases, and approximately 45% of the landslides are sturzstrom-type landslides. Large-scale landslides are mainly concentrated along faults, especially around fault intersections. The typical failure mechanisms of the studied landslides are clearly influenced by the regional structure, earthquakes, and river incision.
C1 [Zhao, Bo; Wang, Yunsheng; Luo, Yonghong; Li, Jia] Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Chen, Ming] Xinjiang Water Resources & Hydroelect Invest & De, Urumqi 830001, Peoples R China.
   [Liang, Ruifeng] Powerchina Kunming Engn Corp Ltd, Kunming 650051, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
C3 Chengdu University of Technology
RP Wang, YS (corresponding author), Chengdu Univ Technol, State Key Lab Geohazard Prevent & Geoenvironm Pro, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM wangys60@163.com
TC 24
Z9 30
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1866-7511
EI 1866-7538
PD AUG
PY 2019
VL 12
IS 15
AR 470
DI 10.1007/s12517-019-4612-9
SC Geology
UT WOS:000477569400003
ER

PT J
AU Dehnavi, A
   Aghdam, IN
   Pradhan, B
   Varzandeh, MHM
AF Dehnavi, Alireza
   Aghdam, Iman Nasiri
   Pradhan, Biswajeet
   Varzandeh, Mohammad Hossein Morshed
TI A new hybrid model using step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis
   (SWAM) technique and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for
   regional landslide hazard assessment in Iran
SO CATENA
DT Article
DE Landslide susceptibility; Step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis
   (SWARA) method; Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS);
   Geographical information system (GIS); Remote sensing; Iran
ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS; 3 GORGES AREA;
   LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SHALLOW-LANDSLIDE; SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT;
   DECISION-MAKING; LAND-USE; MULTICRITERIA DECISION; WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE
AB In recent years, Iran has experienced many landslides due to high tectonic activity, and a variety of geological and climatic conditions. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model based on step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFTS) to evaluate landslide susceptible areas using geographical information system (GIS). At first, based on an inventory map, landslide locations were randomly divided into two parts, 70% of which were used for generating the landslide hazard map and 30% of which were used for the validation of the model. Then, twelve landslide predisposing factors, such as lithology, slope angle, slope aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, altitude, distance to streams, distance to faults, distance to roads, land use, seismicity, and rainfall were considered for the analysis. All the factors were then weighted by the SWARA method. Considering the nature of predisposing factors, they were split into two groups, factors with discrete data and factors with continuous data. For factors with discrete data, the SWARA method was used for final weight of each class, and for factors with continuous data, results related to the center of each class were obtained from the SWARA method. Subsequently, AFNIS was used to obtain weight of each value. All the values obtained from the model were then used to generate the landslide hazard map of the study area. Finally, the landslide hazard map was validated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) using both success rate curve and prediction rate curve. 70% of observed landslides were used for the former while the remaining was used for the latter. The validation results showed that the area under the success rate curve and prediction rate curve (AUC) are 0.84 and 0.80 respectively. Additionally, the prediction performance of the SWARA method for landslide hazard mapping was investigated and the results were compared with those obtained from the proposed model. The comparison revealed that the developed model has better prediction ability for landslide hazard assessment The results also indicated that the proposed model used in this study produced satisfactory and reliable landslide hazard map, which can be used for preliminary land use and infrastructure planning in Iran. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dehnavi, Alireza] Sharif Univ Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Tehran, Iran.
   [Aghdam, Iman Nasiri] Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Remote Sensing & Geog Informat Syst, Fac Environm & Energy, Sci & Res Branch, Tehran, Iran.
   [Pradhan, Biswajeet] Univ Putra Malaysia, Dept Civil Engn, GISRC, Fac Engn, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
   [Varzandeh, Mohammad Hossein Morshed] Islamic Azad Univ, South Tehran Branch, Young Researchers & Elite Club, Tehran, Iran.
C3 Sharif University of Technology; Islamic Azad University; Universiti
   Putra Malaysia; Islamic Azad University
RP Pradhan, B (corresponding author), Univ Putra Malaysia, Dept Civil Engn, GISRC, Fac Engn, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
EM biswajeet24@gmail.com
TC 222
Z9 248
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0341-8162
EI 1872-6887
PD DEC
PY 2015
VL 135
BP 122
EP 148
DI 10.1016/j.catena.2015.07.020
SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources
UT WOS:000366225900015
ER

PT J
AU Duan, YN
   Di, BF
   Ustin, SL
   Xu, C
   Xie, Q
   Wu, SL
   Li, JR
   Zhang, RX
AF Duan, Yanan
   Di, Baofeng
   Ustin, Susan L.
   Xu, Chong
   Xie, Qiang
   Wu, Shaolin
   Li, Jierui
   Zhang, Ruixing
TI Changes in ecosystem services in a montane landscape impacted by major
   earthquakes: A case study in Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, China
SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
DT Article
DE Ecosystem services; Driving forces; Climate; Earthquake; Human
   activities
ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION PROJECTS; VEGETATION RECOVERY; DEGRADATION;
   SICHUAN
AB Earthquakes are one of the most serious natural disasters, threatening ecological balance and security. Ecosystem services (ESs) reflect the multiple functions of an ecosystem. However, based on catastrophic disasters, the contributions of various factors to ESs recovery have not been previously quantified. We follow recovery after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake to gain insight into these processes. To quantify ESs, biophysical models were applied, including scenario simulation and Geodetector methods that were used to explore the driving forces. We concluded as follows: in overall study area, ESs showed an insignificant but undulating increase from 2001 to 2017, indicating the earthquake had slight but long-term effects. In the vegetated areas denuded by co-seismic landslides, the loss in ESs was twice that in non-denuded areas, and the damaged ESs did not recover to preearthquake levels by 2017. Overall, climate change was the main driving force, and the factors directly related to local climate had a more obvious impact on ESs especially elevation and geomorphic types. More than three quarters of study area showed ESs increases, with climate (accounting for 40.26%) and its multiple interactions with non-climate factors (accounting for 45.91%) contributed the most to ESs restoration, respectively at low elevations and in the subalpine mountains. Nearly a quarter of the study area was still degraded, of which the proportion of the area representing non-climate-driven factors had increased (accounting for 20.68%). The intensity of ESs degradation mainly concentrated in XI and X regions where co-seismic landslides were dense, which was one of the most influential non-climate factors. We therefore recommend that in the post-disaster reconstruction stage, more attention should be paid to restoration and maintenance of ecological service functions in areas with frequent secondary disasters, so as to maximize the benefits of post-disaster reconstruction projects and seek socio-economic and ecological environment collaborative development.
C1 [Duan, Yanan; Di, Baofeng; Wu, Shaolin; Zhang, Ruixing] Sichuan Univ, Coll Architecture & Environm, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Di, Baofeng; Li, Jierui] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu 610207, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
   [Ustin, Susan L.] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Xu, Chong] Natl Inst Nat Hazards, Minist Emergency Management China, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
   [Xie, Qiang] Sichuan Acad Environm Sci, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
C3 Sichuan University; Sichuan University; Hong Kong Polytechnic
   University; University of California System; University of California
   Davis
RP Di, BF (corresponding author), Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Inst Disaster Management & Reconstruct, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu 610207, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM dibaofeng@scu.edu.cn; slustin@ucdavis.edu
TC 26
Z9 28
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1470-160X
EI 1872-7034
PD JUL
PY 2021
VL 126
AR 107683
DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107683
EA APR 2021
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
UT WOS:000647802000003
ER

EF